Exterior finishing buildings is an important part of construction and installation work and architectural design, the purpose of which is to create a presentable appearance of structures and solve practical problems.
The latter include strengthening the structure, protecting it from aggressive environmental influences, and extending its service life.
IN modern conditions The optimal technology is considered to be a curtain façade. Its features and functionality are worth considering in more detail.
The hinged ventilated facade is an innovative finishing system external walls buildings, consisting of frame-mounted finishing materials.
The peculiarity of the technology is that the method of installing the structure provides for the presence of a layer between the finishing elements and the wall of the structure, thanks to which air circulates freely, reliably protecting the building from excess moisture and reducing the heat transfer of the house.
Hinged ventilated facades are sometimes called “ventilation facades”. This phrase is not correct, since it does not accurately reflect the meaning and scope of the technology.
Modern ventilated facades are a rather complex and universal system. It is the latter factor and the presence of several types of fastening that allow the technology to be used everywhere in both public and private construction.
The ventilated facade, as it is sometimes called, becomes not only a functional element, but also part of the decorative decoration of the house. Today, the ventilated facade of a monolithic house is becoming increasingly popular.
This is explained by the fact that the monolith as a base provides high strength and reliability of the structure, which does not require additional strengthening measures. Here you can use the most, increase the profile step. This reduces the cost of materials and speeds up the installation process, which is a good way to save money.
In addition, hanging ventilated systems will help solve aesthetic problems, which will especially please those who do not like the appearance of monolithic buildings.
To understand how a ventilated façade is installed and what it is in principle, we advise you to carefully read the explanations below.
Main functions
By installing ventilated facades, you can solve several problems at once: to provide reliable protection buildings from the destructive effects of moisture, wind and temperature changes, reduce energy costs due to thermal interlayers, improve sound insulation of the internal space, extend the service life of the structure, create interesting decor with a wide range of colors and designer finishes.
In terms of their functionality, ventilated facades are universal systems that provide great opportunities for standard and unusual solutions.
Device
The elements of which are:
- A frame subsystem that is attached to the wall of a building and serves as support for the entire structure. Most often it is made of galvanized or stainless steel or aluminum.
- Insulating layer. It is a multifunctional component that provides protection from moisture, steam, wind, cold, and also reduces the heat transfer of the building.
- Gap for air circulation. It is this that promotes constant ventilation in the system.
- External decorative shell. Protects the lower layers of the ventilation façade and gives the building a presentable appearance.
Nodes
In order to obtain units of ventilated facades, it is necessary to obtain an Album of Technical Solutions from the manufacturer.
In this article we will present some nodes from different albums of our choice. But you should understand that the node published here is not necessarily suitable for the system you choose. Standard nodes, common to almost all systems, look like this:
Application area
Suspended ventilated systems are used for exterior finishing of buildings and structures using a wide range of finishing materials.
Due to its versatility and variety of installation options, the technology is in demand both in the construction of new facilities and in repair work and reconstruction of old buildings.
Ventilated facades are suitable for private and multi-apartment buildings residential buildings, are actively used in industrial and public facilities, commercial buildings, technical rooms of bus stations, gas stations, etc.
The functionality of materials can be adapted to any needs, which determines the relevance of ventilation facades.
Application in seismic areas
The requirements for finishing materials and installation methods used at sites in areas of high seismic activity are always increased, so the selection of technologies is carried out with special care.
Experts note that modern ventilated facades optimally meet all standards, which is largely due to the strength of metal frames.
Many systems have been tested for seismic resistance up to 9 points. But still, before using the system, it is necessary to calculate static loads.
Methodology for calculating static loads of NVF
Today, load calculations are carried out in accordance with SNiP II-7-81 “Construction in seismic areas,” which provides for two approaches.
In the first case, which is typical for all objects, a linear spectral technique (LST) is used, based on the decomposition of the building’s motion into its own modes of vibration.
The second technique is designed for increased importance. It involves dynamic analysis of synthesized accelerograms and compilation of instrumental records of the most dangerous acceleration of the base.
In calculations, the relation also plays an important role different types loads A feature of the analysis is the introduction of significant safety factors, the purpose of which is to protect against unforeseen risks of facade collapse.
Weight loads are classified as basic and vary significantly depending on the finishing materials used. Their weight can range from 7-8 kg/m2 to 100 kg/m2 in the case of stone cladding.
It is also worth considering the increase in weight caused by the height of the building and the characteristics of the terrain on which the object is located. All these factors are included in the calculations when choosing options for ventilated facades.
Wind loads
Wind loads strongly depend on the height of the structure, the characteristics of the surrounding space and the wind region. In particularly active zones they can even exceed weight factors.
Wind pressure is calculated in accordance with SNiP “Loads and Impacts” standards, choosing height coefficients and one of three types of terrain.
This parameter belongs to the short-term category, but it should not be neglected. The load from icing can exceed the weight of the finish itself. It can be calculated either from data obtained practically, or using the above regulatory documents.
Types of ventilated facades
One of the criteria on the basis of which types of ventilated facades are distinguished is the type of frame used for installation.
The facade subsystem is a set of frame parts, profiles and fasteners by means of which the cladding panels are attached to the wall of the building.
The most relevant are metal structures, characterized by strength, durability and operational reliability.
Galvanized facade systems (manufacturers)
Ventilated facades made of galvanized steel are often used in modern construction in view of optimal combination functionality and affordable price.
Popular manufacturers of these products are the Russian companies “OLMA”, “OST”, “Alternativa”, “Kamenny Belt”, “Kraspan”.
Aluminum facade systems (manufacturers)
An aluminum frame has a higher price than a steel frame, but it also offers additional benefits during installation due to the lighter weight of the structure and anti-corrosion properties.
Products from Russian brands “NordFox”, “U-con”, “Sial” are presented on the domestic market. Close cooperation between companies and foreign developers of innovative equipment guarantees high product quality standards and excellent performance properties.
The European brand Hilti, which specializes in power tools, is also popular.
Stainless steel facade systems (manufacturers)
Characterized by good strength and corrosion resistance. It is cheaper than its aluminum counterparts and is quite easy to install, which is what makes it popular.
Products of the domestic brand “Diat” are in great demand among Russian buyers, combining optimal parameters and favorable prices.
Wooden systems for private houses
Wood as a frame for a ventilation facade is a fairly durable, environmentally friendly and easy-to-install material with low thermal conductivity.
Another important factor is its aesthetic appeal. But due to exposure to moisture, the need additional protection from fire, this material is used only in ventilated facades of private houses.
What is a proper ventilated façade?
The ease of installation and wide functionality of ventilation facades do not exclude the need for a careful and responsible approach to its installation.
The structure, installed in accordance with all rules and regulations, will ensure optimal properties and a long period of trouble-free operation.
When working with mounted systems, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the technical manual, which is supplied by experienced manufacturers.
Particular attention should be paid to the correct fastening and strength of fasteners, and the step width of the system. What matters here are precisely selected materials, coordination of the main design parameters, and compliance of real data with the album of technical solutions. Not only the technical characteristics of the structure, but also the safety of others will depend on this.
Service life of a ventilated façade
The service life of ventilation facades largely depends on the correct installation, environmental conditions, and the scope of its application. But the main criteria are the materials used. Thus, the average service life of an unpainted galvanized system is about 7 years. The same coated material will last from 14 to 30 years, depending on the properties of the protective components.
Aluminum facades and stainless steel analogues will last up to 50 years, providing excellent functionality.
Vent gap 
The ventilation gap is the element of the façade system that provides ventilation and reduces heat transfer. The quality of hydro- and thermal insulation of the ventilation façade depends on the correctly selected size of the air gap.
There are special formulas that allow you to calculate this parameter based on temperature, air flow speed and heat transfer coefficients of the structure.
On average, the thickness of the gap will fluctuate in the range of 20-50 mm. It is this layer that guarantees optimal air circulation and effective moisture removal.
Pros and Features
The main advantages of ventilated facades include:
- High rates of thermal, hydro and sound insulation.
- Resistance to negative influences of the external environment.
- Fast and convenient installation in any weather conditions.
- Excellent repairability in case of unexpected damage.
- Reducing heating costs.
- Wide range of facing materials, color solutions and design techniques.
- Durability of use.
Among the possible disadvantages of hinged ventilated facades, there is a significant reduction in the level fire safety if the installation technology is not followed.
Such consequences can be caused, for example, by imperfect walls, due to which it is necessary to resort to non-standard installation solutions. Incorrect installation structures can affect the anti-corrosion protection and environmental friendliness of materials, reducing their service life.
But with a competent approach from qualified specialists, most of these risks can be successfully eliminated.
Price
| No. | Name of materials and works | Unit change | Volume | We're standing. rub. | Amount rub. |
| №1 | Ventilated facade made of ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS | ||||
| 1 | sq.m. | 1,00 | 90,00 | 90,00 | |
| 2 | Supply of COMPOSITE PANEL FR 4.04 all, (G1) taking into account technological waste of 20% | sq.m. | 1,20 | 1150,00 | 1380,00 |
| 3 | sq.m. | 1,10 | 450,00 | 495,00 | |
| 4 | sq.m. | 1,00 | 625,00 | 625,00 | |
| 5 | taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 1400,00 | 1400,00 |
| Total: | 3990,00 | ||||
| №2 | Ventilated facade made of CERAMOGRANITE | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 90,00 | 90,00 |
| 2 | Supply of CERAMIC GRANITE (600x600x8) taking into account technological waste of 10% | sq.m. | 1,10 | 500,00 | 550,00 |
| 3 | Supply of 100 mm insulation, taking into account fasteners and technological waste 10% | sq.m. | 1,10 | 450,00 | 495,00 |
| 4 | sq.m. | 1,00 | 725,00 | 825,00 | |
| 5 | sq.m. | 1,00 | 1300,00 | 1300,00 | |
| Total: | 3260,00 | ||||
| №3 | Construction of COLUMNS made of ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 50,00 | 50,00 |
| 2 | sq.m. | 1,35 | 1150,00 | 1552,50 | |
| 4 | Supply of substructure including fasteners | sq.m. | 1,00 | 750,00 | 825,00 |
| 5 | Manufacturing and installation of a ventilated facade taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 2000,00 | 2000,00 |
| Total: | 4027,50 | ||||
| №4 | Interior cladding made of ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 250,00 | 250,00 |
| 2 | Supply of COMPOSITE PANEL FR 4.04 all, (G1) taking into account technological waste of 35% | sq.m. | 1,35 | 1150,00 | 1552,50 |
| 4 | Supply of substructure including fasteners | sq.m. | 1,00 | 750,00 | 825,00 |
| 5 | Manufacturing and installation of a ventilated facade taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 2000,00 | 2000,00 |
| Total: | 4627,50 | ||||
| №5 | Ventilated facade made of ALUMINUM PANELS | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 130,00 | 130,00 |
| 2 | Supply of ALUMINUM PANELS | sq.m. | 1,35 | 2600,00 | 2600,00 |
| 3 | sq.m. | 1,00 | 550,00 | 605,00 | |
| 4 | Supply of aluminum substructure including fasteners | sq.m. | 1,00 | 725,00 | 825,00 |
| 5 | Manufacturing and installation of a ventilated facade taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 1500,00 | 1500,00 |
| Total: | 4627,50 | ||||
| №6 | Ventilated facade made of GRANITE | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 130,00 | 130,00 |
| 2 | Supply of ALUMINUM PANELS | sq.m. | 1,35 | 2400,00 | 2640,00 |
| 3 | Supply of 120 mm insulation, taking into account fasteners and technological waste 10% | sq.m. | 1,00 | 550,00 | 605,00 |
| 4 | Supply of substructure including fasteners | sq.m. | 1,00 | 950,00 | 825,00 |
| 5 | Manufacturing and installation of a ventilated facade taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 2000,00 | 2000,00 |
| Total: | 6200,00 | ||||
| №7 | Ventilated facade made of FIBROCEMENT PLATE | ||||
| 1 | Development of design documentation (KMD) | sq.m. | 1,00 | 90,00 | 90,00 |
| 2 | Supply of FIBER CEMENT BOARD, taking into account technological waste of 10% | sq.m. | 1,00 | 800,00 | 880,00 |
| 3 | Supply of 100 mm insulation, taking into account fasteners and technological waste 10% | sq.m. | 1,00 | 450,00 | 495,00 |
| 4 | Supply of substructure including fasteners | sq.m. | 1,00 | 725,00 | 825,00 |
| 5 | Manufacturing and installation of a ventilated facade taking into account construction mechanisms | sq.m. | 1,00 | 1300,00 | 1300,00 |
| Total: | 3590,00 | ||||
Cladding options in the system
The undoubted advantage of ventilated curtain facades is huge assortment finishing materials, among which we can note: it is worth using only mineral wool, since neither penoplex nor rolled materials are unable to provide the necessary technical specifications for ventilation façade.
The standard thickness of mineral wool used for insulation is about 100 mm, although you can choose thicker types with additional insulation.
Often the installation of wool is carried out in two layers, general principle Such a solution provides for density indicators of at least 50 kg/m3 and 80 kg/m3 for the bottom and top layers, respectively. More detailed advice will be provided by specific manufacturers of facade structures.
Is film needed in ventilated facades?
This issue causes a lot of controversy, in which film and insulation manufacturers are parties.
Most controversies are caused solely by commercial reasons.
Experts agree that the film is necessary to protect the insulation from the wind inside the gap when using standard 80 kg/m3 insulation. For denser layers there is no need for it.
Design of a ventilated facade
It is a responsible process, the quality of which will determine the reliability of the entire structure. Such a task should only be entrusted to proven performers, who can be installation companies or manufacturers of hanging facade products.
The installation of a ventilated facade is a responsible undertaking, the correct implementation of which depends on compliance with technological nuances and the choice of a material suitable for the job. This design is designed to improve the technical characteristics of the object and relieve it of numerous problems. Due to the presence of a gap between the cladding and the base, they circulate freely air currents, without violating the protective properties of the surface.
Ventilated facades play a big role in maintaining the durability and reliability of the building. The fact is that it is thanks to their design that the walls do not lose the possibility of free steam exchange. To put it simply, they breathe. This avoids the accumulation of moisture, which leads to the destruction of the structure, as well as the appearance of mold and mildew. A “cushion” is formed that protects the building from seasonal temperature fluctuations and creates a more comfortable environment for indoor living.
What is this design? A ventilated facade is the external cladding of a private or multi-storey building, which has a technical gap between the base (insulation) and the finishing material. Additionally, there are holes in the front part that provide free air flow.
To create a ventilated facade for a cottage or house with your own hands, you do not need to have special skills or use sophisticated equipment. But work with industrial, warehouse or high-rise residential buildings requires special approvals and calculations depending on the specifics of the object.
Types of designs
Existing types of ventilated facades differ in the materials used and general installation technology.
Frame option
This is the simplest and most popular method. Its peculiarity is that metal, wood or combined sheathing is erected along the perimeter of the building. It may include a number of layers that are needed to retain heat, protect the house from excess moisture and improve steam exchange.
When constructing the frame, the following materials are used as external cladding:
- Porcelain tiles. These are products of artificial origin, made from pressed and baked clay. Available in the form of slabs, which are distinguished by their heavy weight and good resistance to impact. The peculiarity of fastening porcelain stoneware is that the elements are installed on the frame using special clamps (brackets). Gaps are formed between the fragments, which contribute to better ventilation. But this option requires enhanced protection against moisture penetration.
- Composite or other types of panels. The production technology allows us to obtain a reliable and lightweight material that has excellent properties. Installation of panels can be done different ways, which allow you to create an open or closed joint. In this case, open gaps can be equipped with a special moisture barrier.
- Glass panels. They are used primarily when working with multi-story office or industrial facilities. They are difficult to operate, so installation is carried out only by professionals.
Advantages and disadvantages of frame ventilated facades
Frame structures have a number of advantages that set them apart from other methods of creating external cladding.
Advantages:
- Fast construction. If all components are available, installation can be completed in a short time. In addition, if the wall is without significant damage, serious preparation is not needed.
- Protection. The design reliably protects the house from various types of influences, and also increases durability, since there is no stagnation of moisture due to free vapor permeability.
- Decorative. Thanks to the wide range of cladding materials, you can choose an option that will meet all requirements and preferences.
There are also disadvantages:
- The need for clear and correct execution of work. It is technical errors (inappropriate gap size, lack of additional ventilation holes) that lead to undesirable consequences.
- Difficulty when using products laid on glue. Thus, the use of artificial and natural stone or clinker tiles is very difficult. But there is a way out: when choosing such products, the frame is pre-strengthened and sheathed with tile materials. The work must be carried out with special care, because serious requirements are placed on the structure.
In any case, ventilated facades are gaining increasing popularity. This is facilitated by the variety of finishing products and the durability of the surface. With a correctly constructed frame, the external cladding can be easily replaced with a more modern one.
Used when there is no sheathing. This technology involves the use of materials that are installed at some distance from the surface. The classic example is facing brick. The masonry is installed so as to form ventilation gap. For its operation, areas without mortar are left between the parts in the lower and upper rows of bricks. Often the top row is laid out with a gap, which is covered with a decorative strip.
On a note! This method is more labor-intensive. To obtain a high-quality result, it is necessary to observe many nuances, including the correct distribution of the reinforcement or wire bundle. Therefore, the first option is preferable, especially when doing it yourself.
Features of a ventilated façade
Such facades have a specific design scheme that should not be violated:
- The top layer is a cladding made of any suitable material. It is impossible to create a continuous coating completely devoid of holes.
- Frame supports. They hold the finish using special fasteners.
- Ventilation gap. It is this that creates the desired effect and protects the structure from moisture accumulation and temperature changes.
- Membrane. Covers the thermal insulation material and promotes vapor permeability.
- Insulation layer. For this purpose, suitable products are used.
- Fixation of the frame. Brackets are installed different ways, fastening directly to the base is considered preferable.
When an object is located near a source of strong noise, an additional layer of sound insulation is laid.
Installation technology
To create a ventilated structure with your own hands, you need to perform a series of sequential steps.
The result will be a facade that will reliably protect the house from various influences and create a special microclimate.
It took root in Russia at the end of the last century. The first users highly appreciated the operational advantages of the design, its aesthetic appearance and versatility of use. The main advantage of a ventilated facade is its ability to remove condensation in the free space between the cladding and the wall. Despite the popularity of this design, the question remains relevant: “Ventilated facade - what is it?” Of course, this is not only a hanging frame and panels fixed on it. The installation involves a whole range of additional fastening devices. At the same time, there are various installation schemes and approaches to the selection of materials for component elements.
Ventilated façade design
The design of the ventilation facade system is focused on ensuring reliability, visually attractive appearance and optimal humidity conditions. All of the above qualities are achieved thanks to the outer cladding, the base in the form of a frame, as well as layers of insulation. The result is a reliable, efficient to use and low-maintenance “pie”, the components of which may vary.
Both cladding, metal for the frame, and thermal insulation are selected from a wide range of materials based on the requirements of a particular building. One way or another, this set of components allows us to better understand the answer to the question: “Ventilated facade - what is it?” This is a structure designed to protect walls with high-strength decorative cladding And metal frame. In this case, the configuration of the placement of these layers may be different and depend on climatic conditions and technical requirements of the project. For example, if it is necessary to increase the resistance of a façade to vapor permeation, technologists reduce the presence of heat transfer elements.
Ventilation façade subsystems
The subsystem in the ventilation facade design is the basis that is formed by brackets and profiles. This component provides direct fixation to the building and serves as the basis for mechanical fastening of decorative panels. The heaviest loads are borne by the profile for ventilated facades, which can be made of aluminum alloy, galvanized or stainless steel. For private cottages, as a rule, an aluminum subsystem is used. This is an inexpensive and easy-to-install material with optimal strength characteristics for small houses. Galvanized steel is also affordable in price, but its durability leaves much to be desired. Under the influence of corrosion, such profiles become unusable after 6-7 years, requiring replacement. Aluminum and stainless steel are more profitable in this sense.
Not the least place in the frame is occupied by fasteners, including rivets and various clamps. In this case, hardware cannot be considered as universal methods fastenings, since each subsystem requires analysis of the compatibility of component parts - including calculation of the profile-fastener combination. In addition, the subsystem of ventilated facades is responsible for the formation of an air gap between and the heat insulation layer. The gap is a necessary condition in the installation of ventilated facades, ignoring which you can get a finish with characteristics that run counter to the project.
Ventilated façade components
For each system, appropriate architectural and structural nodes are developed. They also involve the use of fasteners, technical execution which may differ. Thanks to the presence of such elements, high strength of the subsystem is achieved. At the same time, the choice of technology for its implementation depends on the installation method used to implement a specific ventilated facade. Knots for standard structures can be of the following types:
- Fastening unit to the supporting base. This is done using a bracket that fixes the profiles to the wall of the building.
- Assembly for fastening profiles to brackets.
- A unit for fastening slopes of a ventilated façade - this system can be imagined as a frame for door and window openings Houses.
- Fixation units for building corners. Such fastening of ventilated facades involves the use of special corner hardware and racks.
- Basement units - located in the lower and upper parts of the walls.
Cladding material
From the point of view of decorative properties it is main part facade, which represents the shell of the house. The fastening of the facing elements to the profiles is carried out so that an air niche remains between the panels and the insulation layer. Once again we can return to the question of a ventilated facade - what is it? Of course, in the eyes of ordinary users of the building, this is just the external design. Designers and installers think about the technical design and fastening systems, and at the end of the day, the aesthetic merits are assessed first. facing material. Metal panels, stone slabs, siding and even glass and wood can cope with this function.
Porcelain tiles with Mechanical strength ceramic granite has determined its organic place in ventilation facade systems. It protects the surface of the building from atmospheric influences and is itself wear-resistant, and the variety of textures makes it optimal solution for similar tasks. Serious competition for porcelain stoneware comes from composite materials, which are based on lightweight concrete and synthetic fiber. In addition to high strength, ventilated composite facades based on fiber cement also provide decorative effect. With their help, they imitate rocky and stone surfaces, and also recreate the texture of traditional cladding - for example, tiles, bricks, plaster and other coatings.
Wooden ventilated facades
In such a responsible enterprise, the use of metal structures. However, ultra-high strength is not always the main requirement for external design Houses. Thus, the cost of the design, the ease of its execution and environmental properties may come to the fore. For example, for frame-panel buildings, engineers are increasingly recommending the use of a wooden ventilated facade. What this means in terms of economy is a clear answer (reducing costs on profiles and brackets), but with regard to strength, conflicting judgments still arise. The basis of the structure is timber, which is undoubtedly inferior in many respects to aluminum. However, the wooden lathing undergoes special treatment before use, which brings it closer to the optimal characteristics required for ventilated facades.
Installation of ventilation façade
Work begins by marking the mounting points for the brackets on the wall surface. Next comes the direct installation of load-bearing fasteners for the subsystem: creating holes, introducing anchor dowels and fixing the brackets. After this, they begin to install the windproof film and insulation. Insulating panels are hung on the surface through the slots for the brackets. Thermal insulation boards mounted in combination with the film using dowels. At the next stage, installation of facades involves the installation of guides. To do this, the profiles are installed in the grooves of the brackets and finally fixed with rivets. The work is completed by installing facing slabs to the guide profiles - this is done with clamps or
Ventilated façade and solar energy
The way the panels are arranged is advantageous for processing solar energy. This innovative solution is implemented using photovoltaic batteries. Already today there are many projects for private use that involve “solar” cladding. Despite the apparent complexity of such technologies, the installation of facades with photovoltaic elements is quite simple. The only difference from traditional technology is the integration of solar cells that include a photovoltaic system. According to the developers of such models, facades will be able to generate up to 200% of the energy required to maintain a house.
Question of price
The cost of a structure is influenced by many factors, but the main ones are the material for the subsystem and the cladding used to construct ventilated facades. The price of systems based on aluminum is 500-600 rubles. for 1 m 2. The porcelain tile itself for the facade can cost 300-400 rubles. Structures made from galvanized subsystems are more affordable - payment for 1 m2 rarely exceeds 200 rubles. But it is important to take into account that the cost goes down quite reasonably, since a less strong and durable frame made of galvanized steel may require reconstruction or a complete renovation of the facade in the future.
Conclusion
Among façade design technologies, ventilated structures rightly occupy a leading position. This is largely facilitated by the set of materials from which such systems are mounted. High-strength fasteners, aluminum and stainless steel, reliable and aesthetic porcelain stoneware - these are just some of the advantages that ventilated facades have. The price of a high-quality design is 500 rubles. for 1 m2, of course, is not a plus, but it is almost impossible to obtain a facade with similar characteristics at lower costs. Ventilated facades are far ahead of their competitors not only in terms of durability and decorativeness, but also in terms of ease of maintenance, which reduces operating costs.
When new buildings are built or old ones are renovated, a curtain ventilated façade is used as one of the types of finishing.
It not only gives the building a neat and attractive appearance, but also improves its performance characteristics.
Its structure is complex, including a frame and cladding products.
Panels made of natural stone, porcelain stoneware, siding, glass, as well as composite materials.
Fastening system cladding panels assembled from brackets and guide profiles.
Design, calculation of structural reliability and installation of cladding products are carried out individually for each building.
The device for a suspended ventilated facade is a multilayer structure that is attached to the wall of the building.
If we consider the device curtain façade, then the following elements can be distinguished:
- vapor barrier film;
- thermal insulation layer;
- windproof film;
- air gap;
- facing panel.
When calculating the parameters of a curtain wall, it is very important to determine the size of the air gap.
In fact, such a system is designed to ensure that ventilation through this gap will provide an optimal level of humidity for the thermal insulation and porcelain stoneware cladding panels.
Having such a device, during operation the ventilated facade provides additional insulation of the building.
A basic calculation shows that a house lined with porcelain stoneware slabs becomes warmer in winter and cooler in summer.
Facades mounted on the basis of composite panels have an almost unlimited service life.
This feature is explained by the ability of a ventilated façade to self-release internal surfaces from moisture.
Fastening elements, thermal insulation and the building wall are not subject to the destructive effects of saturated water vapor and do not require periodic repair and replacement.
Advantages of a curtain façade
Compared to other finishing methods, a ventilated facade has a number of positive differences.
A careful calculation of current costs and future benefits shows that all expenses, over time, pay off handsomely.
When designing a structure, it is important to clearly understand why it is preferable to use composite finishing instead of traditional materials.
Cladding slabs made using porcelain stoneware have high strength and varied textures.
They do not fade when exposed to sun rays and wind. The technological map determines the method of fastening cladding products, which ensures the integrity of the structure for many years. This must be taken into account when designing.
Products for ventilated facades
In order for a suspended ventilated facade to last a long time during operation, look aesthetically pleasing, be functional and economical, it is necessary to select the right materials.
Design calculations are made on the basis of special methods and recommendations, which are also determined by the technological map. Attaching the brackets that form the basis load-bearing structure, is done using anchors.
The anchor is a set of nylon dowel and expansion screw. The choice of a specific type of dowel is made based on testing the load-bearing capacity of the wall.
There are special instructions for carrying out such tests. It is prohibited to use screws with electrozinc coating for fastening facades.
Mounting system
Aluminum alloys, stainless and galvanized steel are used in the production of brackets and guide profiles.
These products must have sufficient strength to withstand loads and resistance to exposure to aggressive environments.
To fasten porcelain stoneware panels, in addition to brackets, guide profiles, extensions and clamps are used. This fastening system has been tested in practice.
A set of fasteners must be made of only one material - either all elements are aluminum or steel.
From a physics course we know that when two metals come into contact, an intense corrosion process starts. The simplest calculation shows that the steel part will begin to rust and then lose its properties.
Such phenomena will negatively affect the strength of the façade structure.
Thermal insulation
Properly selected insulation retains heat in the building and, thereby, reduces heating costs.
The thickness of the thermal insulation layer is calculated based on the technical characteristics of the building.
For the production of thermal insulation products, only non-combustible materials are used.
The technological map prescribes fastening the insulation elements with disc dowels.
The most common material for making thermal insulation is mineral wool. It meets the requirements for indicators such as vapor permeability and density.
Glass wool sheets are convenient to use, as they are optimally combined with the technology of installing panels made of porcelain stoneware or other composite materials.
Facing materials
Today on the market of building and finishing materials there is a wide selection of panels that are used in hinged ventilated facades.
IN harsh climate middle zone panels made of composite materials, metal cassettes and fiber cement boards have proven themselves well.
Each product has certain advantages.
Before making a choice in favor of a specific product, it is necessary to carry out a detailed calculation of the balance of its advantages and disadvantages.
It is important that during operation the curtained façade does not require additional maintenance costs.
Installation procedure
Installation of suspended ventilated facades (including those made of composite materials) is carried out in a certain sequence.
Before starting work on site, the contractor is given a technological map. Such a map defines all stages of the production process.
Installation of a curtain façade begins with a survey of the building. The labor safety instructions, when performing work at height, require that the boundaries of the danger zone around the building be established.
To securely fasten the brackets, it is necessary to clean the surface of the walls from old plaster, dust and dirt.
The next action that the technological map instructs to perform is marking the walls.
First, mark the lower horizontal line for attaching the first row of brackets, then the two outermost vertical lines, which will serve as a guide for marking the fastening step.
This step should be equal to the width of the finishing panel made of porcelain stoneware or the material that is being worked.
After that, at the designated points, all brackets are attached, the number of which provides for the design of a specific object.
If the installation of a curtain façade requires thermal insulation, then the next step is to attach it.
The technological map provides for this operation.
Then the vertical guide profiles are fixed and clamps are attached to the vertical guides for installing porcelain stoneware panels.
TO hinged ventilated facade, consisting of an aluminum subsystem and a set of rectangular decorative segments, has attracted the attention of most design and construction organizations. The ventilated suspended façade as a method for improving the energy efficiency of buildings was discovered more than 20 years ago. During this period, manufacturers of facade components have developed dozens of techniques for using technologies in aggressive environmental conditions.
Finishing methods
Decorative finishing is a method of forming architectural style. The decorative layer is assigned several utilitarian functions. It is the outer cladding that should:
- determine the price of a ventilation façade;
- provide reliable protection of walls from adverse effects;
- visually decorate an inconspicuous, at first glance, structure.
To form a clear understanding of the advantages of different types of finishing, it is necessary to consider each of them separately.
Porcelain tile cladding
Artificial material. For the production of ceramic granite the following are used:
- a mixture of two types of clay;
- dyes;
- a product of sifting milky-white quartz and rock-forming minerals from the silicate class.
The resulting raw materials are used to form tiles, which are pressed on hydraulic presses and fired in specialized ovens at a temperature of about 1300 ° C.
Porcelain tiles have a strong, durable structure. The slabs are used in construction, decoration of buildings, and for interior finishing work.
Composite panels
The composite is quite flexible, allowing you to create rounded corners and curved shapes. The structure of the panel itself is a heterogeneous product with many layers. Technology for the production of panels from different materials involves the preparation of aluminum and components (straightened aluminum undergoes chemical synthesis), painting, priming, heat bonding and pressing. The process of joining metal, polymers and mineral materials, is carried out under the influence of high temperatures.
Composite panels- externally stylish and modern way arrangement of the outer layer of walls. Their surface does not contain an electrifying component, and therefore dirt and dust are washed off during the first precipitation. The panels are resistant to corrosion, wind and ice loads, and are not afraid of sudden temperature fluctuations. Purposes of use:
- design of architectural elements of houses;
- restoration of buildings;
- arrangement of billboards.
Natural or artificial stone
Natural stone facades are recognized as the most practical. NVF made of stone is the same multilayer system, including insulation, windproof membrane, frame base, and finishing layer.
By technical specifications The ventilated stone facade complies with the standards for the design of buildings for any purpose. Cladding made of granite, sandstone, and other rocks is used to make a structure:
- unique;
- "dear";
- with high status.
Fiber cement panels
Fiber cement-based slabs with textured paint coating- a striking example of high-quality design of the exterior of an object. Structure and chemical composition fiber cement allows you to install a decorative layer regardless of the time of year, climate, or air temperature.
Fiber cement parts perform a heat-saving, decorative function. The material is durable, not exposed to flame, and does not corrode over time. Mounted horizontally, longitudinally.
Facade cassettes
Facade decorations, called metal cassettes, are flat metal parts with edges curved inward along the perimeter. The manufacturing process of metal cassettes involves the use of composites or thin metal (brass, aluminum, copper) sheets, with protective coating or without it.
The use of galvanized metal cassettes in tandem with a galvanized subsystem allows you to decorate the facade with inexpensive materials. Steel cassettes are lightweight, non-flammable, easy to repair, and do not allow sound to pass through.
Technical data
Ventilated facades occupy a large segment of the building materials market. The ventilation façade design has several advantages:
- Fire resistance. Of the finishing materials developed for decorating the facades of buildings, only those that do not support combustion are used;
- Heat retention. Due to the properties of the insulation, internal space the structure remains at a comfortable temperature for humans;
- Natural sound insulation. The function of protecting against the penetration of extraneous noise into the building is performed by a layer of thermal insulation;
- No condensation. Air gap between the wall and decorative coating prevents steam from forming. Because of this, moisture is removed from the insulation, leaving it dry m;
- Saving money when preparing walls.The system is mounted on a substructure and helps hide construction defects. Consequently, you won’t have to spend money on plastering to even out dimensional deviations;
- Corrosion resistance. Panels containing anti-corrosion materials protect load-bearing walls from changes in air temperatures and chemical influences from the outside;
- Implementation of any design idea. Big choice textures, colors, shapes, types of finishes, allows you to play with shadows, combine colors;
- Minimum weight substructures. The NVF system is lightweight and easy to install. Works on construction sites carried out even in the winter months.
Types and characteristic qualities of insulation
- universal application;
- good insulating qualities;
- good technical characteristics.
- Withstands temperatures without destruction - 1000 degrees;
- Shrinkage 5%;
- Density - from 30 to 100 kg/m³;
- Cotton wool with a basalt component.
- thermal conductivity - from 0.032 to 0.048 W/mK;
- density - 30-100 kg/m3;
- does not burn.
Disadvantages:
- does not tolerate moisture well;
- price.
The thermal insulator produced by chemical means - extruded polystyrene foam - has a mass positive qualities:
- high insulating qualities;
- ability to repel moisture;
- resistance to chemical environments;
- does not shrink, does not deform.
Disadvantages include flammability and toxicity of combustion products. It is also necessary to use an adhesive for installation.
Characteristics:- closed pores no more than 0.2 mm;
- thermal conductivity - 028 - 0.03 W/mK.
Glass wool.
An inexpensive and often commercially available insulation is glass wool, a traditional insulation material both in private homes and industrial premises. Disadvantages include fragility of fibers and harmful dust. Glass wool is made from waste glass.
Characteristics:
- thermal conductivity - 0.039-0.047 W/mK;
- sound absorption - 35 to 40 dB;
- density - 11-25 kg meter cubic.
Mineral wool called teploizolyator created from molten rock minerals. Advantages of insulation material:
The disadvantages of insulation include the appearance of a “cold bridge” (technological joints), relatively high price, formation of mineral dust.
Characteristics stone wool:
The material can withstand more than 1000 freezing cycles!
Area of use of the design
Ventilated facades can increasingly be found as decorative design the following construction projects:
- Private housing construction. Building materials for organizing ventilation facades are environmentally friendly, provide everyday comfort and safety for the residents of the house. Hanging systems are widely used in multi-storey housing construction. Simple installation allows you to periodically update the architectural image of a multi-story building and ensure its fire safety;
- Commercial housing construction. During construction from scratch and restoration of commercial buildings, ventilated facades solve many problems;
- Industrial engineering. There are increased requirements for the cladding of industrial facilities. A multi-layer ventilated façade neutralizes noise and vibrations;
- Design of structures of an architectural and planning organization. The versatility of the hanging system allows you to decorate adjacent structures and fences. Building materials for facades give small architectural forms modern look, increase the service life.
Types and options of subsystems (structures)
A subsystem for ventilated facades is a set of mounting devices used to securely fasten panels to the walls of a building. The mounting system consists of guide profile segments used for fastening the decorative layer, brackets and additional fastening elements(anchors, dowels, rivets, clips, clasps, self-tapping screws).
Vertical subsystem
A vertical subsystem is used for the horizontal layout of the material selected for facing work. The fixation method is often used for cladding buildings and structures facade panels, siding, profiled sheet. In this version of the subsystem, anchor corners of different heights are used, which depends on the required thickness of the decor used for insulation. Along with this, cold-formed corners of the required height are also used in order to neutralize distortions and unevenness of the structure.
Vertical-horizontal subsystem
To arrange the sheathing, horizontal and vertical guide profiles are used. The vertical-horizontal system increases the rigidity of the structure due to the uniform distribution of the weight of the facing layer.
The main technological difference between one subsystem and another is the direction and location of the profiles, which is set based on the dimensions and characteristic differences in the material used for facing work. A horizontal, vertical or cross method is used to form cells. Best result obtained by combining vertical and horizontal guides. This is how slabs made of any materials are secured.
There are several options for such subsystems: aluminum, steel and galvanized. The main task of the ventilation façade is to insulate the building while simultaneously performing a decorative function. Steel, galvanized, and aluminum subsystems can also cope with this. Each option has pros and cons.
Subsystems made of aluminum
Advantages:
- due to their lighter weight compared to metal subsystems, they are used in high-rise construction;
- minimal load on the load-bearing walls of the building (buildings with a 20-30 year lifespan can be clad);
- resistant to UV radiation, humidity and climatic conditions of the area;
- easy to use.
Flaws:
- have low temperature melting, which has negative impact on the degree of fire safety.
Subsystems made of galvanized steel
Advantages:
- least expensive option;
- easy to install, effectively mask the unevenness of the load-bearing walls of the building;
- used for cladding made of natural stone, porcelain stoneware and fiber cement panels, as well as cassettes made of metal and combined materials;
- have for a long time use (over 50 years);
- environmentally friendly, highly durable, and non-flammable.
Flaws:
- are susceptible to corrosion, but by painting and applying a layer of polymers this problem can be partially solved.
Subsystems made of stainless alloys
Advantages:
- resistant to frost and temperature changes;
- can be successfully used for high-rise construction (carried out at a height exceeding 50 m);
- environmentally friendly, resistant to corrosion;
- durable in use (the service life of such subsystems is more than 70 years);
- have the highest fire safety rating compared to others.
Flaws:
- high price.
Stainless steel is chosen for the installation of the ventilation facade subsystem. The steel profile is not subject to rotting, and the time of use of steel subsystems is commensurate with the service life of the building.
Mounting device
During the design of the façade of a building, it is necessary to systematically monitor the quality of work performed on site. The sequence of installation of ventilated facades looks like this:
- Installation of brackets. Cantilever support parts are mounted on dowels or anchor bolts. The type of fastener is chosen taking into account the configuration and weight of the structure. Experienced installers additionally install paronite or plastic gaskets between the building wall and the metal, which eliminates the risk of a thermal bridge;
- Laying insulation. The next stage of installation of the external part of the building involves securing the thermal insulation. For fastening, mushroom-shaped dowels and composite flexible connections are used. A membrane is installed on top of the thermal insulation. Some types of modern insulation are equipped with film protection in production;
- Fastening the guides. Frame base consisting of vertical racks And horizontal jumpers, is built after observing the gap parameters. The frame elements are connected with cylindrical rods. The configuration of the threshold between the guides depends on the decor parameters;
- Installation of facing panels. The air gap between the cladding varies in size. Its value depends on the design and design of the object. The panels are installed on mounting slides, metal brackets, and corners.
Construction cost per m2
| Section 1. Design and preparatory work | |||
| Item No. | Name | Unit Change | |
| 1.1 | Carrying out testing work load-bearing capacity walls (pull-out anchor), static calculation of the load on the building | set | 0,00 |
| 1.2 | Geodetic works, formation of facade diagrams | m2 | 25,00 |
| 1.3 | Design work, preparation of a detailed design for the installation of a ventilated facade | m2 | 65,00 |
| Total for section 1, including VAT 18%: | 90,00 | ||
| Section 2. Materials of illegal armed groups | |||
| Item No. | Name | Unit Change | Price per unit of measurement, ₽. |
| 2.1 | ESTIMA porcelain tiles, taking into account cutting costs of 6% | m2 | 730,00 |
| 2.2 | Substructure kit made of galvanized steel (vertical design). | m2 | 740,00 |
| 2.3 | Rockwool VentiButts insulation boards H 100 mm. (Expense coefficient 1.06) | m2 | 406,00 |
| 2.4 | Insulation boards Pen-roll Techno Nicole 100 mm. (top layer, flow coefficient 1.06) | m2 | 238,00 |
| 2.5 | Facade dowel for fastening 100 mm insulation boards. | PC | 6,90 |
| 2.6 | Facade dowel for fastening insulation boards, pen-roll Techno Nicole 100 mm | PC | 6,90 |
| 2.7 | Window frames (reflections and slopes) made of galvanized steel 0.5 mm, painted according to the RAL catalog | m.p. | 310,00 |
| 2,10 | Parapet covers made of galvanized steel 0.7 mm, up to 900 mm in size, painted according to RAL | m.p. | 780,00 |
| 2,11 | Substructure for parapet covers (set with fasteners) | m.p. | 280,00 |
| 2,12 | Delivery of materials to the site (%) | % | |
| Total for section 2, including VAT 18%: | 2114,00 | ||
| Section 3. Scaffolding materials, consumables for work | |||
| Item No. | Name | Unit Change | Price per unit of measurement, ₽. |
| 3.1. | Rental of construction cradles ZLP-630 | months | 180 000,00 |
| 3.2 | Depreciation of manual equipment | m2 | 60,00 |
| Total for section 3, including VAT 18%: | 180 060,00 | ||
| Section 4. Installation work | |||
| Item No. | Name | Unit Change | Price per unit of measurement, ₽. |
| 4.1 | Installation and dismantling of construction cradles | m2 | 80,00 |
| 4.2 | Marking, installation of brackets | m2 | 210,00 |
| 4.3 | Installation of insulation boards | m2 | 290,00 |
| 4.4 | Installation and adjustment of system guides | m2 | 430,00 |
| 4.5 | Installation window frames (window sills and slopes made of galvanized steel). | m.p. | 280,00 |
| 4.7 | Adjustment and installation of porcelain stoneware slabs | m2 | 510,00 |
| 4.8 | Installation of parapet covers on the subsystem | m.p. | 680,00 |
| Total for section 4, including VAT 18%: | 1520,00 | ||
| TOTAL PER m2 (without slopes): | 3 957,36 | ||
| TOTAL per m2, taking into account slopes and ebbs: | 4 247,07 | ||
