Among the methods of insulation, the installation of a ventilated facade for private households takes first place in terms of frequency of use. Many people, having insulated their home in this way, do not realize that they used this particular method of insulation.
By correctly selecting the material and carefully following the technology, you can guarantee up to 50 years of life of the system, and, therefore, comfort in the house when minimum costs for heating.
A ventilated facade is an insulation system, otherwise it is called a “dry facade” in contrast to a “wet” facade - a plaster insulation system. The “ventilated facade” system differs from other insulation systems by the presence ventilation gap, through which water vapor evaporates. The gap is located between the suspended finishing layer (curtain façade), which is attached to the wall using a metal or wooden supporting system, and the insulation attached to the wall.
An air gap is especially necessary when insulating walls with slabs of mineral wool - stone or basalt, which are characterized by increased hygroscopicity - the ability to absorb moisture, which leads to deterioration thermal characteristics materials and reducing the efficiency of the insulation system.
However, in a narrow air gap at a high building height, a powerful air flow, which gradually destroys and weathers the insulation fibers. To protect thermal insulation in the “ventilated facade” system, it is recommended to use insulation with a laminated (reinforced with a special film or fabric) surface or protect the insulating layer from moisture and windproof membrane. For ventilated facades, it is possible to use insulation materials that have permission from the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation for use in ventilated systems.
The ventilated facade system is used in low-rise private households and for insulating high-rise buildings for various purposes. The only difference is in the materials for the curtain façade and the design of the supporting system: for a high-rise public building they use a supporting system made of metal; for a cottage up to 3 floors high, they often use a supporting system wooden frame, which significantly reduces the cost and simplifies the work.
Installation of a ventilation façade on a metal frame
The supporting system for the ventilation facade is made of stainless steel or galvanized roofing, which significantly reduces the cost of the cladding. Due to the significant weight of the metal and the facing layer, especially if it is made of ceramics or natural stone slabs, metal load-bearing frame It is better to use for walls made of concrete or brick. For looser cellular blocks, a calculation of the load-bearing capacity of the wall is required.
Brick wall; 2. Bracket (sheathing fasteners); 3. Thermal insulating gasket; 4. Anchor dowel; 5. Main horizontal profile; 6. Main vertical profile; 7. Vertical intermediate profile; 8. Klyammer private; 9. Starting clamp; 10. Thermal insulation material (insulation); 11. Hydro-windproof vapor-permeable membrane; 12. Thermal insulation fasteners (plastic disc-shaped dowel); 13. Facing tiles; 14. Blind rivet.
The design of the metal brackets allows cladding to be carried out at different distances from the wall, thanks to which preliminary leveling of the façade surface is not required.
There are two systems for fastening the cladding - open and closed. Open system involves installing a hanging frame using clamps on the upper and lower edges of the slabs. Closed system uses anchor bolts, which are inserted into blind holes in the slabs. A closed system is twice as expensive as an open fastener; if a facing tile is lost, you will have to disassemble the vertical row completely, which is not required with an open system.
Installation of a ventilation system on a metal frame
The installation of a suspended ventilated facade on a metal frame requires the creation of a project - a diagram of the suspended facade and the corresponding diagrams for the arrangement of horizontal and vertical load-bearing profiles, and a diagram for fastening the brackets. Before starting work, the walls must be cleaned of dust, dirt, paint, and repaired if necessary. Remove parapet and window sills.
Installation procedure:
- The position of the brackets and the supporting system is marked on the wall.
- Install a base strip with a shelf width equal to the thickness of the insulation.
- The brackets are fastened, leveling and plumbing the horizontal and vertical in the same plane.
- Install the insulation with glue.
- Install a hydro-wind protection - a super-diffusion membrane, joining the sheets with an overlap of 10-15 cm on double-sided vapor-permeable tape.
- fix the insulation and membrane with disc-type plastic dowel screws with a metal core and a thermally insulated head.
- Mounted on main brackets horizontal profiles, then vertical profiles.
- Installation of facing panels is carried out.
Fatal installation errors
Violations of the work technology or unscrupulous installation lead to the loss of individual cladding slabs.
First level errors that reduce the service life of the insulation system:
- installation of fasteners in the masonry joint;
- incorrect choice of material for thermal breaks - gaskets between the wall and the bracket, they must have a low
- thermal conductivity (polypropylene, polyamide), so as not to create cold bridges;
- installation of seals to dampen vibration and lateral shift of the cladding; the design of the fasteners should provide a solution to these problems without the use of seals with a short service life (10 years versus 50 years of operation of the ventilation system);
- incorrect choice of insulation material - too soft thermal insulation (mats, rolled wool) will slide off over time, closing the ventilation gap;
- incorrect choice of water and wind protection - the use of polyethylene, foil and foil insulation that do not allow the passage of moisture from the thermal insulation to the outside is prohibited;
- a decrease in the size of the ventilation gap (min 40 mm, max according to calculation) leads to an increase in wind speed and force in the gap and destruction of the insulation.
Errors of the second level leading to a violation of the decorative qualities of the insulation system:
- violation of the geometry of the curtain wall - the installation of the load-bearing system should ensure a single plane of the cladding due to the sliding design of the brackets, and not depending on the topography of the wall;
- Compliance with the standard width of the tile joints guarantees the integrity of the cladding regardless of the linear expansion of the cladding and the required ventilation of the insulation. The absence of seams leads to destruction of the cladding and wetness of the insulation.
Ventilated facade on a wooden frame
Ventilated facade on a wooden frame – effective method insulation and increasing the external attractiveness of low-rise private houses. This type of ventilated facade is especially suitable for wooden houses and lightweight curtain façade materials – siding, blockhouse or house timber. on wood makes this method economical and accessible to do it yourself.
Two installation methods have been developed - with insulation in one layer and with insulation in two layers. Single-layer insulation is performed with a calculated heat insulator thickness of 50-80 mm, when one slab can provide the required thickness.
With a greater thickness of insulation, when two slabs are used, it is more logical to use a two-layer method.
Installation of a ventilation façade on a wooden frame
Preparing the façade for insulation involves dismantling the protective flashings, cleaning it from dust and dirt, and carrying out repairs if necessary. The facades of wooden houses are cleaned of mold, mildew, blue stains, impregnated with a fire retardant and antiseptic or complex preparation. The same impregnation is carried out on the bars of the supporting system and counter-lattice.
Installation procedure:
- Mount a base strip with a shelf width equal to the total thickness of the insulation;
- On the prepared facade, the position of the guides is marked; the width of the beam should correspond to the thickness of the internal insulation board, thickness - 40-50 mm. The distance between the guides is equal to the width of the insulation board minus 5 mm for the spacer. The direction of installation of the first row of guides corresponds to the direction of the elements of the curtain wall. Guides also frame the openings of windows and doors;
- The first layer of insulation is laid between the guides using glue and/or dowels, at least 5-6 pieces. per 1m2;
- Mount the second row of load-bearing bars perpendicular to the first, with a similar pitch;
- Place the second layer of insulation on the dowel screws (fungus);
- A counter-lattice with a cross-section of 4x4 cm is used to secure the hydro-wind protection; the counter-lattice creates a ventilation gap between the insulation and the cladding;
- The curtain façade is being installed.
Conclusion
The main advantage of a ventilated facade is the durability of insulation and spectacular finish. Work on installation of the structure and device curtain facades requires preparation, financial costs and physical effort. The result will be updated, comfortable housing with a presentable facade that will delight the eye for many years.
Exterior decoration of a building is an important part construction work. Increasingly, experts recommend installing ventilated facades, which makes it possible to provide the house with additional thermal insulation.
Device
A ventilated facade is a structure that is formed using a durable frame on which facing material or façade panels with insulation. Previously, the production of such a facade was carried out using wooden beams, but they did not provide the structure with the necessary strength and rigidity, so they were replaced by more reliable steel and aluminum profiles.
Photo - design of a ventilated facade
The structural features consist in the creation of certain nodes between load-bearing wall and an installed frame. Please note that a layer of heat-insulating material must be placed between the building and the curtain panels. In the diagram above it is mineral wool, but it can be successfully replaced with foam plastic or foam insulation.
Photo - facade diagram - If your building is built from hygroscopic materials - shell rock, foam blocks, clay, then you need to use polystyrene foam for insulation, which does not retain moisture;
- Before starting installation, you need to calculate the normal distance between the frame, the wall and the insulating layer. This gap serves natural ventilation, therefore, in its absence, the system will not be used effectively;
- The facade is installed only on load-bearing wall so as not to disrupt the supporting capacity of the entire building.
Photo - professional insulation of frames Video: installation of a suspended ventilated facade system
Frame installation
Step-by-step instructions for installing suspended ventilated facades:
- Design;
- Calculation works;
- Frame installation;
- Creating a Pie;
- Facade finishing.
Work begins with the creation of drawings and diagrams according to which the calculations will be made. The technological map should include the dimensions of the future canopy, the material of the beams and covering. Based on the available parameters, the mass of the structure and its load-bearing capacity are calculated. To do this, you will need to resort to formulas of theoretical mechanics, where rigid beams are calculated. The installation scheme for ventilated curtain facades must be approved by special authorities.
Photo - approximate diagram To work, you will need certain equipment: a screwdriver, a hammer drill, a hammer, a level. If you are installing an aluminum frame, then also use a hacksaw.
Installation of the frame is also divided into several points. The first one is building wall preparation:
- The load-bearing wall is cleaned of dust, dirt and old building materials. After this, you need to cover it with a primer and leave it for a day for complete absorption. This is necessary to ensure tight adhesion between the mortar and the wall. The soil will also help prevent the formation of dampness and mold under mineral wool and polystyrene foam;
- After this, the wall is leveled. This is best done with the help of special building materials that will prevent the formation of fungus and other microorganisms;
- The installation location of the future bracket, which will be used for mounting aluminum, wood or steel beams, is marked on the wall;
- Many experts recommend measuring the vertical by installing plumb lines, building level will not be able to accurately determine the desired angle;
- When the bracket is installed on the wall and the thread with the load extends from it, you need to draw the surface along them to determine the future location of the frame installation.
For proper installation of ventilation facades, it is necessary to work quite rigidly. fasteners. The brackets are installed first. To do this, along the marked vertical line we mark the locations of these parts. To create holes in the wall for mounting fasteners you will need special tools: drill or hammer drill. When the surface is drilled, you need to install a spacer under the bracket, which will ensure maximum adherence to the wall, and the bracket itself.
Photo - facing of facades with panels After this, the bracket is installed using a special dowel, the same way the foam is attached when insulating the facade of the building. Installs directly onto brackets insulation, or if there is an aluminum (wooden) frame, and mineral wool on top of it.
- You need to secure sheets of mineral wool or foam plastic to the installed brackets;
- For most buildings, it is also necessary to install a layer of insulation on top of the insulation from atmospheric precipitation. This is necessary to protect the system from excessive humidity;
- Further, for greater safety of the structure, they are additionally attached to the wall using construction dowels, which provide rigid fastening. In this case, a gap is left between the wall covering and the material used for insulation.
Sometimes the technology of installing ventilated frames using the so-called profile subsystems, which fasten drywall. This system allows for more rigid and reliable reinforcement.
Photo - aluminum frame As in the first option, construction work begins with surface preparation. It is necessary to trim off the layer of old coating and provide a smooth new one, along which installation will be carried out quickly.
- The supporting galvanized profile is installed first. It forms a structure that consists of several horizontal surfaces;
- Afterwards, this technique involves installing transverse racks, as when installing gypsum boards;
- If you have a large facade, then you need to further strengthen the racks with the help of hangers;
- After the main construction work is completed, you need to install insulation boards on the frame and cover them with special films that will provide protection from moisture;
- Finishing work includes puttying and painting the facade, and, if necessary, creating decorative elements.
Eat different ways How to finish a facade, in most cases, porcelain stoneware cladding is used, which has a fairly simple installation. Cladding consists of installing panels to finished coating using self-tapping screws. At the same time installation work Installation of porcelain tiles and siding panels will be carried out using special clips.
Photo - wooden frame According to SNiP ( building codes and rules), periodic inspection of the facade and, if necessary, repair of structures should be carried out. Time intervals – from 6 to 12 months.
Price overview
It is not always possible to carry out construction work yourself. In all cities of Russia, professional installation of ventilated facades is carried out, the cost of which depends on the material and size of the structure (prices may vary by region). Cost of installation of Alucobond panels per square meter.
| City | Cost, rubles | City | Cost, rubles |
| Volgograd | 1100 | Voronezh | 1250 |
| Ekaterinburg | 1200 | Irkutsk | 1200 |
| Kazan | 1200 | Kaluga | 1100 |
| Krasnodar | 1100 | Krasnoyarsk | 1200 |
| Moscow | 1300 | Nizhny Novgorod | 1250 |
| Novosibirsk | 1200 | Omsk | 1100 |
| Penza | 1100 | Permian | 1200 |
| Saint Petersburg | 1250 | Samara | 1100 |
| Saratov | 1250 | Sochi | 1200 |
| Tver | 1200 | Tula | 1200 |
| Ufa | 1200 | Chelyabinsk | 1200 |
The birthplace of suspended ventilated facades is Germany, but the technology quickly became popular all over the world because it combines ease of installation, availability of materials used, and efficiency of the final design.
Ventilated facades are similar in design to siding, but have more advantages
What is a ventilation façade design?
The ventilated facade is a metal frame, which is also called a subsystem or under the structure. Layers of thermal insulation are laid between its elements. The outer layer of the structure is the cladding - the decorative screen can be made of steel, fiber cement, etc. There is a gap between the cladding and the thermal insulation through which natural circulation of air masses occurs.
Such facades are relevant for finishing buildings of any purpose, including those where traditional facade materials do not differ long term operation - we are talking about terrain with high humidity, significant temperature fluctuations, and so on. Considering that the installation of ventilated facades can be carried out with my own hands, then the popularity of this option for finishing buildings is justified.
Ventilated facade system
Basic properties of ventilation facades
The design features, which are determined by the facade installation technology, determine the following properties:
- Mounting system- it is based on dowels, screws, fasteners, profiles, brackets. Due to the adjustment system for all these elements, there is no need to level the wall, which speeds up the finishing process.
- Insulation- can be used as an insulating layer different materials, the main requirement is non-flammability. Therefore, preference is most often given to high-density mineral wool slabs.
- Windproof membrane— its purpose is to protect the insulating layer from air flows and moisture in the environment.
- Air gap- provides the effect of a thermos, so in such a building the costs of maintaining a comfortable microclimate are significantly lower - this applies to both heat preservation and coolness in the summer.
- Finishing- allows you to realize a design concept, while the cost of finishing can be different, due to the variety of materials used - this can be vinyl siding or metal slabs, as well as fiber cement slabs, porcelain tiles and so on.
Ventilated facade in section
Advantages and disadvantages of the design
This design has a whole list of advantages:
- Simplicity of design - you can assemble a ventilated facade with your own hands.
- Good thermal insulation makes it possible to reduce the cost of heating a building; at the same time, mineral wool insulation protects the walls from precipitation and prevents the formation of condensation.
- Thermal insulation - allows you to maintain a comfortable temperature inside the building - in the summer the room remains cool, which allows you to provide a comfortable microclimate even in the absence of air conditioning.
- Protection from wind and atmospheric moisture - it protects the walls from premature destruction, which significantly increases the service life of the building.
- Diffusion of water vapor - due to ventilation, moisture naturally evaporates from the walls of the building, which eliminates the appearance of mold, mildew, and dampness, which also makes it easier to maintain a comfortable temperature inside the building.
- Leveling temperature deformation - a large temperature difference between day and night can cause rapid destruction of a building. At the same time, the ventilated facade both naturally removes heat and prevents the building from freezing, leveling the impact of temperature fluctuations on materials, and reduces internal stress in the cladding and structural elements.
The ventilated facade reliably protects the walls from UV radiation, precipitation and cold penetration
- Fire safety - since all materials used to construct ventilated facades are non-flammable, in general such a system prevents the spread of fire.
- Additional sound insulation is an optional property, as it is provided by the layer thermal insulation material, on average, noise protection doubles.
- Price can be both a positive and a negative factor, since it directly depends on the materials used. Budget panels from artificial materials provide significant savings compared to other finishing options, while the use of natural materials, in particular granite, makes such finishing quite expensive. In any case, the decorative nature of such a facade is beyond doubt.
- All-season work - compared to other options facade finishing Using “wet” methods, the installation of a ventilation façade is practically independent of weather conditions.
A ventilated façade can be installed at almost any time of the year.
Flaws:
- Fire resistance. Problems in the field of fire resistance are mainly associated with an attempt to save on insulation - the use of inexpensive polystyrene foam, which is low in cost and light in weight, makes the ventilation facade dangerous. In the presence of an open fire source, polystyrene foam burns quickly, so the use of such material for installation is unacceptable. In this design, it is necessary to use special facade polystyrene foam, which does not support combustion - this is ensured by fire retardants, which are used to foam polystyrene. Such materials are marked with an additional letter “C”, which means “self-extinguishing”. Facade polystyrene foam is designated by the letter “F” - this is the best option for the facade, since it goes out within 1 second. To prevent contact of the insulation with the flame, all existing openings are framed with non-flammable basalt mineral wool slabs. This increases the complexity of installation, but is necessary to increase fire safety.
- Temperature requirements. Despite the fact that during installation of the ventilation façade they are not involved wet methods finishing, there are temperature restrictions. Installation is carried out in frost conditions no higher than -7°C. You can cover the façade with a special film and heat the resulting space with a heat gun. This increases the cost of installation by 15%, but without additional heating installation work is not carried out, since in this case, in the next warm season, temperature fluctuations in the metal will lead to problems in fastening the subsystem.
- Vapor permeability. Choosing heat-insulating material, it is necessary to pay attention to its vapor permeability. This is necessary for retraction excess moisture from residential premises. This is why materials with low vapor permeability are not the best best choice. An example is expanded polystyrene - when using this material indoors, additional air conditioning will be required, only this will avoid dampness on the walls. If mineral wool slabs are used as a heat insulator, then additional system it is not needed to remove moisture, which is the result of human activity.
- The need to install scaffolding.
- Conservatism of the construction market. Ventilated facades are still considered an innovation, so not many architects and homeowners choose this technology. This is mainly due to the traditional desire to save on the services of workers and the cost of materials - with this approach, all the advantages of a multi-layer self-ventilating system disappear.
What is a subsystem: how to make the right choice?
Vertical metal subsystem for a ventilated facade
A subsystem for a ventilation façade is understood as a structure that is the basis of fasteners for both insulation and finishing panels. Depending on the material, the subsystem has different parameters and performance characteristics, which allows you to select suitable option with optimal price-quality ratio.
- Made from galvanized steel— this version of the subsystem is characterized by low weight and low cost. At the same time, the corrosion resistance is not the highest - you can only count on 25 years of operation. However, using modern systems protection against rust, you can increase the durability of such a frame.
- Made of stainless steel- this option is more expensive, but more reliable, since it can be used for at least 50 years. This design is highly durable, but for cold climatic zones not suitable, since in frosts there is an increase in fragility.
- Made of aluminum- characterized at a high price, high quality, the low weight of aluminum allows the use of such subsystems even when restoring ancient buildings. It can be noted that this material is easy to process - it can be drilled and sawed without using complex equipment, directly at the installation site. The disadvantage is the excessive flexibility of the material, so it is not recommended for use in hot climates due to its high thermal expansion.
Having assessed the main advantages/disadvantages various materials, you can select the appropriate subsystem option. It is important to take into account the climate, load-bearing capacity walls, budget sizes and other parameters.
Types of ventilated facades
The cost of the structure and the appearance of the building directly depend on the choice of finishing material for the ventilation façade.
Exterior view of the building with a porcelain stoneware façade
A material such as porcelain stoneware allows you to provide high accuracy and the visual appeal of the finish. Porcelain granite demonstrates a wide range of advantages and is also environmentally friendly because it is made from kaolin clay. This natural material is an excellent natural heat insulator that protects the building from temperature changes, and is also a good sound insulator. The high density of the compressed material and firing provide impact and abrasion strength, which ensures a long service life - facade for a long time retains its decorative effect, and glossy surface reflects sun rays, protects from moisture.
Ventilated facade made of fiber cement boards
The list of advantages of fiber cement boards includes efficiency, environmental friendliness, durability, and attractive design. Fiber cement boards are available, made from natural materials, and therefore safe for others. They are characterized by a long service life, resistance to weather conditions and biological influences, so that the appearance of the building retains its attractiveness for a long time.
Other types of curtain façade
As an alternative, you can consider metal cassettes and composite panels, the most expensive and spectacular option are panels made of natural stone.
Tools and equipment for installation
To do correct installation ventilated facade, you must have the following tools:
- Measuring equipment - ideally this should be a rotary laser level, which is used when marking holes for brackets. It is also used to align guides along all planes. A building level is used to control installation operations.
- Hammer - for drilling mounting holes.
- Bolt gun – it is used to install façade anchors.
- Impactless drill - necessary for installation of facing elements.
- Riveting tool - provides fixation of profiles to the bracket, as well as other fasteners.
- Grinder and angle grinder or metal scissors, sheet bender - for cutting and bending metal.
- Clamps - used for preliminary fastening of guides.
How to correctly calculate a ventilated façade?
The costs of arranging the facade consist of the following items:
- Facing material - the best option is porcelain stoneware. A façade made of metal cassettes and composites will be more expensive. If budget is not an issue, then you can use natural stone cladding. Moreover, under equal conditions, the finishing that consists of smaller tiles will be more expensive. It is also worth noting the weight facing material- the larger it is, the more expensive the fasteners, since special staples or high-strength glue may be needed.
- Metal structures - their cost directly depends on the material used. The most affordable is galvanized steel, followed by painted galvanized steel, aluminum and stainless steel.
- Facade insulation - the cost is affected not only by the material itself, but also by its thickness, which determines the cost of insulation per 1 sq. m., as well as the cost of fastenings.
- The cost of fasteners - in addition to the above parameters of cladding and insulation, it is worth considering the material of the facade itself. The stronger the walls, the lower the cost of fastening, since in this case ordinary dowels are used. The lower the strength of the walls, the smaller the pitch of the brackets, the higher the costs.
- Installation cost - this section includes the costs of workers, as well as assembly/disassembly of scaffolding, finishing of window and door openings.
When calculating the costs of arranging a ventilation façade, one should take into account the complexity of the façade geometry and the actual dimensions of the building. In general, the cost of 1 sq.m. a facade made of porcelain stoneware, taking into account the cost of material and installation, can start from 3,000 rubles, while the cost of installing a facade made of natural stone starts from 8,500 rubles.
Installation of a ventilated facade must be carried out according to the sequence given below in the article
It is necessary to strictly adhere to the technology for installing a ventilated facade - all work is carried out in the specified order.
Preparatory stage
- We mark the boundaries of construction work, which imply a 3 m wide strip around the perimeter of the building.
- We place all the necessary materials in this area.
- We collect forests.
- Working with the surface - assessing the curvature of the walls. If the differences do not exceed 90 mm, then there is no need to level the walls
- We carry out a façade study to determine permissible load and the required thickness of the insulating material.
- Surface marking is performed in several stages. First, we mark the beacon lines - this is a horizontal line along the base and vertical lines along the edges of each wall - for this you can use a level. We mark the intermediate points at the same distance from each other - this is where the support and intermediate points for the fasteners-brackets will be located.
Frame installation
We install brackets at the marked points for fastening the frame of the ventilated facade. To do this, drill holes in the wall for the anchor; carefully clear them of debris and attach brackets, the length of which corresponds to the thickness of the insulation. A paronite gasket must be installed under each bracket to prevent heat loss.
Installation of thermal insulation and wind-hydroprotective membrane
Thermal insulation material is laid offset to reduce vertical joints
Mineral insulation is installed in such a way that the wall surface is completely covered. If the insulation is laid in two layers, then it is necessary to shift the subsequent one relative to the previous one by half the slab. This eliminates the coincidence of joints and the formation of cold bridges. The insulation is attached using umbrella dowels. A vapor barrier material is laid on top of the insulation.
Fastening facade slabs
Installation of porcelain stoneware on the facade
A supporting frame is mounted on top of the insulation - it is attached to the brackets. This creates an air gap between the insulation and the cladding. Installation of the supporting frame is carried out using self-tapping screws. The guides must be adjusted so that the facade system is flat. Elements for fastening the facing material are installed on top of the guides - these can be special profiles, clamps or slides. The fastening of the cladding is carried out in rows, the work is done from the bottom up.
Installation of window slopes and ebbs
When constructing slopes, fiber cement boards or HPL panels are used.
Most of the mistakes made when arranging ventilated facades are associated with attempts to save money. At the same time, customers do not take into account the consequences of these savings, which become obvious already in the first year of operation:
- Cheap porcelain stoneware slabs have low cost ultraviolet radiation, so that over time the color of the facade will fade
- An attempt to save on insulation leads to the fact that the ventilated façade does not provide thermal insulation for the building and makes the façade structure a fire hazard.
- It is believed that leveling the walls when installing a ventilated facade is not required, but this is only true for those cases where the differences in the walls do not exceed 90 mm. Otherwise, the finished structure will have reduced strength. Wall differences lead to a reduction in the ventilation gap to less than the permissible minimum of 40 mm. Difficulty in ventilation leads to the accumulation of condensation in the insulation - the material becomes wet, which negatively affects the heat-insulating properties. Repeated cycles of freezing and thawing cause rapid destruction of insulation.
- The gap between the facing slabs should not be less than 5 mm, and the dimensions of the seams should be the same. Violation of this requirement leads to a decrease in the decorative properties of the facade.
Hinged ventilated facades have a whole list of advantages that can only be obtained with professional installation. Therefore, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with a company that has a license, appropriate approvals and permits to carry out such construction and installation work.
Basic design of a suspended ventilated facade
A well-designed curtain ventilated façade will protect the walls for many decades. But often installers, in an effort to reduce the cost of this complex and therefore quite expensive system, replace some materials with others and deliberately violate the rules.
What this false economy can result in and how to avoid mistakes when installing a suspended ventilated facade will be discussed in this article.
A well-designed and high-quality installed ventilated façade will not require repairs for at least 30 years. At the same time, to choose facade system should be approached rationally. So, as a rule, it makes more sense to simply cover the basement of a building with tiles. This will significantly reduce the cost of finishing.
Finishing buildings using hinged ventilated facades is becoming increasingly popular, both in private housing construction and in the construction of commercial buildings. This system is a kind of “coat” for the home.
Basalt insulation, protected by a special wind- and moisture-proof membrane, is attached directly to the walls. Facing slabs (this can be porcelain stoneware, natural or agglomerated stone, metal cassettes, cassettes made of composite materials, fiber cement panels, steel or aluminum structures, etc.) are mounted on a supporting frame with some clearance. Its value (in the range from 20 to 40 mm) is determined in each specific case to ensure optimal air exchange.
The thickness of the insulation is selected based on the requirements for thermal protection of buildings. When these conditions are met, the dew point moves from load-bearing structure into the insulation.
The wrong choice of insulation and its improper installation lead to the material getting wet and sinking, clogging the ventilation gap.
Advantages and disadvantages of using a suspended ventilated facade
What is the advantage of such a seemingly complex, and therefore expensive, façade finishing system? First of all, this design does not allow condensation to accumulate either on the surface of the wall or inside it. The air gap is a kind of temperature buffer, thanks to which the facades do not freeze in winter and do not overheat in summer, and this helps to significantly reduce heating and air conditioning costs. Snow, rain, hail and other realities of our difficult climate do not violate the integrity of the cladding, which, by the way, cannot be said about the most common finishing material - plaster. A properly installed curtain wall will last more than 50 years.
The system of curtain facades makes it possible to finish buildings quite complex shapes. Any design fantasies can be realized in wall-mounted cladding. But some elements are too labor-intensive.
And yet, despite the obvious advantages, ventilated facades have not yet become widespread in suburban construction. Many are put off by the seeming high cost. Yes, 1 m² of such cladding will cost at least 2000 rubles, and if you use natural stone, the price can reach 6,000 rubles. and even more. But it is important to consider that operation will not cost anything. As practice shows, after 5-10 years a curtain wall completely pays for itself.
Of course, a curtain wall system will only work if it is well designed and installed well. Theoretically, a ventilated façade system should be included in the house design so that there is time to calculate the load-bearing structure and order facing slabs. But in practice this does not always happen. Often it is necessary to “dress” an already rebuilt building with curtain finishing. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the material of the walls. Support brackets for metal sheathing hold best in concrete and solid brick. Things are a little worse with hollow bricks. But cellular concrete will require the selection of special and, as a rule, expensive fasteners. For finishing walls made of loose, porous materials, it is more advisable to choose a system of “wet” facades (plastering or tiling).
To minimize the work of cutting slabs, when designing a façade system, it is important to accurately calculate the size of the module (cell). It is by no means equal to the size of the panel itself. It is necessary to take into account gaps with a width of 5 to 10 mm (depending on the type of cladding).
We also note that small-sized facing tiles (300 x 300 or 400 x 400 mm) are not economically viable - their installation will require too many fasteners. And such a wall does not look very good - the facade of the house will resemble a checkered page of a school notebook. A tile of 600 x 600 mm is considered optimal, but it is important to consider that this is an average size. The actual spread among different manufacturers is from 595 x 595 to 610 x 610 mm. Having given preference to one or another collection, you should find out its exact parameters.
1. Brick wall; 2. Bracket (sheathing fasteners); 3. Thermal insulating gasket; 4. Anchor dowel; 5. Main horizontal profile; 6. Main vertical profile; 7. Vertical intermediate profile; 8. Klyammer private; 9. Starting clamp; 10. Thermal insulation material (insulation); 11. Hydro-windproof vapor-permeable membrane; 12. Thermal insulation fasteners (plastic disc-shaped dowel); 13. Facing tiles; 14. Blind rivet.
Ventilated facade fastening systems
The choice of fasteners requires detailed consideration. As you know, there are two fastening systems - hidden and open.
The first option is metal clamps covering the plate from above and below. The second is anchor bolts that are inserted into blind holes drilled in the slab and open there like the petals of a flower.
Sometimes mounting elements do not spoil the appearance of the cladding, but on the contrary, add expressiveness to it.
Usage hidden system fastening is not always justified: for example, in areas of the facade that bear a high aesthetic load. And the point is not only that this fastener costs twice as much as the visible one. If a tile fixed in this way is damaged, the entire vertical row will have to be dismantled for repairs. Replacing a cladding unit installed openly is much easier.
Clamps painted to match the color of the tiles are almost invisible on the facade
Poor quality fasteners lead to tiles falling out.
Insulation for suspended ventilated facades
The next important issue is the choice of thermal insulation. Only insulation that has a technical certificate from the State Committee for Construction of Russia, which allows its use in ventilated systems, can be placed under the suspended cladding. Mineral wool is considered optimal in all respects. The use of non-profile materials (for example, glass wool) will cause the insulation to become saturated with moisture, become heavier and settle, reducing or even closing the air gap.
To protect the thermal insulation material, only a special vapor barrier membrane can be used
If you try to protect the thermal insulation with polyethylene or foil (that is, materials that do not allow steam to pass through), this will not only not solve the problem, but will also disrupt the operation of the ventilated facade, which, as is known, must “breathe.” The insulation can only be covered with a special one-sided vapor barrier membrane: it will allow moisture released by the walls to pass out, but will not allow atmospheric moisture to penetrate inside.
In addition to insulation, thermal breaks - gaskets installed between the brackets and the wall - play an important role in providing thermal protection. They must be made of materials with a low thermal conductivity coefficient: polypropylene, polyamide, komatex, etc. The use of gaskets made of paronite is not allowed, since it does not have thermal insulation properties.
Sometimes installers use special seals that are designed to dampen vibrations and keep the cladding from moving laterally. But their use leads to a reduction in the service life of the system, since the seals have a short service life (about 10 years). Reducing vibration and eliminating lateral shift of cladding panels should be ensured by the design of fastening elements.
Installation of ventilated facades
Unfortunately, even the most competent design of a ventilated facade can be nullified by poor-quality installation. The most common mistake is violation of the geometry of the facade. The cladding must be smooth, even if the relief of the walls is far from ideal. In addition, the panels should not move relative to the vertical and horizontal axes.
As paradoxical as it may seem, a very common mistake is to install fasteners directly into the masonry joint of the wall elements.
Installation of a ventilated facade. The surface of the cladding must be perfectly flat, with precise adherence to the thickness of the seams.
Failure to comply with the standard joint thickness leads to the fact that the tiles begin to press on each other, crack and fly off. And if the tiles are installed with a deviation from the plane, this will be noticeable in sunlight.
Many builders sin by not complying with the standard seam thickness. When installed end-to-end, tiles begin to press on each other due to temperature deformations, crack and fall out. And in the absence of proper ventilation, the insulation gets wet, freezes and slides off the walls. Too much big gap between cladding panels will lead to excessive wetting of the thermal insulation by precipitation.
Particular attention should be paid to the design of window openings
Now on Russian market There are many types of curtain facades. Unfortunately, many domestic manufacturers follow the simple way, exactly copying foreign systems. Meanwhile, what works great in the mild climate of Germany or France may not withstand our long winters. The thickness of the insulation (and therefore the distance from the cladding to the wall of the building) in Russian weather conditions should be significantly greater than in Europe.
In addition, some companies, in an effort to reduce the cost of the system, often use questionable materials in the design, in particular galvanized steel, which is poorly protected from corrosion. The best metals for lathing ventilated facades are stainless steel and aluminum. But for fastening plates, especially heavy ones, only stainless steel is suitable. Aluminum staples do not have the necessary strength.
Ventilated facades are very popular among private developers. The design under consideration allows us to simultaneously provide high-quality insulation and a beautiful appearance of a residential building. Anyone can cope with the arrangement of a ventilated facade with their own hands. However, before starting work, you need to consider the main features of the system and select materials for assembling the sheathing, insulating the walls and finishing cladding.
First of all, you need to study the features of hinged ventilated structures and understand their main purpose.
Ideally finishing decorative coating must have good performance vapor permeability and In the process of their life activities, people emit a lot of moisture: cooking, bath procedures and other household activities - all this leads to an increase in air humidity. Some of the moisture leaves through ventilation system together with the exhaust air, the remaining moisture must escape through the pores in the facing material.
The vapor barrier must be arranged in such a way that the wall material is as vapor permeable as possible inside the room and has minimal performance outside. This rule is relevant for facades of any type. Violation of this recommendation usually leads to a deterioration in the thermal insulation qualities of the walls and a decrease in their durability.
At the same time, the facade of the house must be reliably protected from precipitation. In this case, it is best to outer part the walls did not get wet, because this will lead to a reduction in the service life of the structure.
A certain logical contradiction follows from the information provided. But there is a completely understandable and simple solution: to ensure optimal performance waterproofing and vapor permeability, the protective façade covering must be mounted at a certain distance from the wall surface, while simultaneously ensuring high-quality ventilation gap. It is this design that is commonly called a ventilated facade.
The hinged ventilated facade is assembled from several elements, namely:
- first, the sheathing is attached to the surface to be finished, after which the gaps between its elements are filled with facade insulation;
- A vapor-permeable film is laid on top of the thermal insulation. At the same time, it will perform the functions of protection from wind and atmospheric moisture;
- an air gap is created that is responsible for ventilating the facade. The recommended gap thickness is about 40 mm. At the top of the facade, vents of a similar size should be created. This will ensure the most efficient ventilation of the structure;
- The selected decorative coating is fixed. The outer layer should simultaneously give the facade an attractive appearance and protect the thermal insulation from various kinds adverse effects.
Advantages and disadvantages of the design
Hinged ventilated structures have a number of advantages. But, like all existing systems in principle, such systems have some disadvantages.
Advantages
Among the main advantages of ventilated facades are the following:
- insulation allows you to significantly save on heating your home;
- waterproofing in combination with a ventilation gap eliminates the risk of moisture retention on the walls, which helps to significantly increase the service life of the materials used;
- ease of arrangement. You can do the installation of all elements of a ventilated façade yourself;
- increasing the soundproofing properties of walls.
Flaws
Among the disadvantages, and relative ones at that, is the high cost of the design. However, at this point it is necessary to pay attention to a significant reduction in heating costs after installing a ventilated facade. All expenses for insulation, cladding and other things pay off fairly quickly.
So that the finished structure retains its high values for a long time performance characteristics, to equip it you need, firstly, to use high-quality materials, and secondly, to follow the rules for installing all components. Follow the instructions and there will be no problems.
Do not save on purchasing construction and finishing materials. High quality material cannot cost much less than its average market value. Buy all the necessary elements from trusted places, giving preference to well-known manufacturers.
Pay due attention to the choice of facing material. For example, tiles in many of their varieties are very suitable for finishing facades. However, the tiles have very big problem– separation of at least one cladding element leads to the so-called. “domino effect”, as a result of which a regular gust of wind can tear off nearby tiles.
As a result, a hole will appear, due to which the performance of the entire structure will decrease. Therefore, if possible, it is recommended to refuse such cladding.
Most best option The finishing cladding for ventilated facades is siding. Subject to proper installation, appearance, service life and other important characteristics This finish will not be inferior to other popular materials. More detailed information You will learn more about the properties of siding below.
Selection of materials
As noted, materials for arranging a ventilated facade must be of exceptionally high quality.
Thermal insulation
The following materials can be used to insulate the facade:
- polystyrene foam A popular material with excellent thermal insulation properties. The material does not absorb moisture and does not lose its properties under its influence. This allows us to somewhat soften the requirements for waterproofing. However, such hygroscopicity is at the same time a disadvantage of polystyrene foam, which consists in poor vapor permeability and. A layer of such thermal insulation will practically not allow steam to pass through, which is not very good;
- polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam. These materials have a slightly higher strength compared to ordinary polystyrene foam, but this indicator does not affect the quality of insulation in any way. Moreover, the cost of the materials in question significantly exceeds the price of polystyrene foam. Vapor permeability remains at the same sad level;
- mineral wool insulation. These heat insulators are the most popular. The material allows steam to pass through well, is characterized by excellent rigidity, great durability, high heat and sound insulation properties. However, mineral wool does not tolerate contact with moisture quite well, so waterproofing issues must be approached with maximum responsibility.
For installation of sheathing, high-quality wooden beam with a cross section of 4x4 cm. In some situations, for example, when installing a ventilated façade brick house, it is preferable to assemble the lathing from a galvanized profile for plasterboard.
At this point, focus on the features of your structure and personal preferences. Before use, wood must be impregnated with antiseptic agents.
Finishing
The undisputed champion of this market segment – vinyl siding – has already been mentioned. The material has many advantages over existing alternatives, namely:
Installation instructions for ventilated facades
First step. Assemble the sheathing. Attach the bars to the wall vertically, in increments of a couple of centimeters less than the width of the insulation boards. It is more convenient to first secure the outer slats, stretch the string between them and, guided by the string, fix the intermediate elements at the same level.
Second step. Place the insulation spacer between the sheathing slats.
Third step. Cover the insulation with a vapor barrier membrane. Lay the vapor barrier strips horizontally with an overlap of about 10 cm.
Fourth step. Place perpendicular counter battens over the sheathing slats. This will create the required ventilation gap.
Fifth step. Attach siding to the finished sheathing. The cladding is made of polyvinyl chloride. This material changes its size with temperature changes, so rigid fastening of the planks is unacceptable. It is necessary to leave a small gap (3-5 mm) between the panels. Drive in (screw in) the fasteners approximately 2 mm short of the end. Fasteners must be placed strictly in the center of the holes intended for them.
To ensure that the work is as easy as possible, and that the finished ventilated façade retains its original characteristics for a long time, adhere to a few simple recommendations professional builders.
Thus, there is nothing overly complicated in independently arranging a ventilated facade. It is enough to understand the basics of the work, select the most suitable materials and carry out all planned activities in accordance with the instructions. Do not forget the recommendations received, and the ventilated facade of your house will serve for the longest possible time, maintaining its original performance characteristics.
Good luck!
Video - Do-it-yourself ventilated facade
