Types of decorative plaster in the apartment. Types of decorative plaster for interior wall decoration

Decorative plaster, as a type of wall decoration, has been known to the world for several hundred years. In Russia, it became available to mass consumers only in the mid-70s of the last century. Despite its short history, today this type of finishing material is very popular.

Decorative plaster is a finishing coating for walls and ceilings with a variety of textures and structures, painted in any color. It is applied in the form of a plastic mass (solution). As it dries, it gains strength, turning into a monolith. Used for both interior decoration, and for outdoor. Binders can be white Portland cement, acrylic, silicone resins, as well as “liquid glass” (silicate).

Decorative plaster made in-house.

The main function of external plaster is to protect the wall from adverse effects. natural factors: rain, sun, temperature changes. The secondary goal is to give a pleasant appearance to the façade. During interior decoration, the functions are swapped. Here the main task- creating an attractive design.

Is it better than liquid wallpaper?

With the appearance on the market building materials liquid wallpaper, decorative plaster began to lose its position. And homeowners were faced with a dilemma: what to choose, decorative plaster or liquid trellises. In the material “”, the portal’s editors tried to answer this question. Let us briefly recall the main differences between these materials:

• liquid wallpaper can withstand the shrinkage of the house, the plaster cracks: some types cannot withstand small movements and none retain their integrity even with strong shrinkage. Therefore, it is undesirable to use it in a new building;
• Liquid wallpaper is afraid of moisture, plaster is not. This means that “Danish plaster” has nothing to do in the bathroom, toilet and kitchen;
• If you have children, the likelihood of mechanical damage to the walls increases sharply. Liquid wallpaper can be restored, but it is almost impossible to repair plaster;
• when switching to another type of finishing, liquid trellises can be easily removed from the walls, literally in a couple of hours; plastering will take a couple of days, accompanied by dust and dirt;
• for decorative plaster, the choice of color and texture significantly exceeds the possibilities of liquid wallpaper;
• Liquid wallpaper can be applied by a beginner in the construction business; decorative plaster requires at least minimal experience. Some types of it can only be done by a highly qualified master (the owner of an apartment or house can lay simpler plaster themselves);
• For decorative plaster you will have to pay a decent amount from the family budget. Liquid wallpaper is much cheaper.

As you can see, there is no clear answer. In some situations, liquid wallpaper behaves better, in others - decorative plaster.

Pros and cons of use

Any type of finish has its strengths and weaknesses. Decorative plaster also has them. Among the advantages are:

• versatility - the solution can be used to plaster any walls: stone, gas silicate blocks, brick, concrete, etc.;
• plasticity - hides various wall defects (cracks, microcracks, sinkholes, etc.;
• durability - long term operation;
• strength - withstands mechanical impact of significant force;
• resistance to ultraviolet rays - retains rich, rich tones throughout its service life;
• integrity - there are no seams or joints, which increases the aesthetics of the coating and its durability.

Additionally, the strengths of the finish include:

• good heat and sound insulation properties;
• environmentally friendly - all types of dry mixtures can be used in residential premises (children's room, bedroom);
• moisture resistance, which allows you to plaster walls in rooms with high humidity;
• strengthening and protection of wall material from external influences;
• easy care - the surface of the plaster is cleaned with a vacuum cleaner or a damp cloth;
• resistance to temperature changes (withstands from -55 to +60 o C), which allows you to apply decorative plaster to the facade of the building;
• variability when implementing the most daring ideas of designers.

There are also disadvantages, significant ones at that:

• high cost of dry plaster mixtures and finishing works;
• complex technology, often limiting the possibilities of applying plaster on your own;
• lack of technologies for restoring damaged surfaces;
• cannot be used in houses that have not completed the shrinkage process - in most cases it will crack;
• high requirements for the wall surface - it must be durable, clean, dry and primed;
• The dismantling process is difficult and dusty - you need to use a hammer drill.

Types of decorative plasters

All types of decorative plaster for interior wall decoration can be classified according to several criteria. But only four criteria have practical significance:

• type of finishing material;
• place of application (operating conditions);
• mixture composition;
• appearance (surface texture or color scheme).

Type of finishing material

Decorative plaster can be wet or dry.

Wet plaster. This type of finishing is performed with a dry plaster solution diluted in water. It has been used relatively recently in Russia - about 50 years, which, by historical standards, is nothing. It came from Western Europe, quickly gaining popularity among the population. This was facilitated by:

• the possibility of both interior and exterior decoration of buildings;
• a huge variety of color and texture solutions for wall decoration;
• simple technology for most types, which allows you to carry out finishing work yourself;
• Possibility of application to wall surfaces of any complexity.

Dry plaster. Made with sheets of plasterboard. Use as a decorative material is limited:

• cannot be used outside;
• in rooms with high humidity it quickly deteriorates;
• small selection of finishing options.

Place of application

Wall decoration with decorative plaster at the place of application can be:

• external;
• internal.

External plaster. One of the easiest ways to give the facade of a building an attractive look is to apply decorative plaster. Carrying out such work allows:

• protect walls from the adverse effects of weather;
• improve the thermal insulation characteristics of walls;
• eliminate surface defects;
• form smooth, beautiful angles.

Interior plaster. The use of decorative plaster to decorate walls indoors allows you to achieve a very impressive surface with long term operation. Depending on the chosen mixture, you can get a beautiful relief, a fantastic pattern or an unusual texture, including natural materials (marble, granite, leather, oak bark, cork, etc.).

In addition, decorative plaster hides wall defects: uneven masonry joints, cracks, crevices, chips.

Mixture composition

The classification of decorative plasters by composition is based on the binder. It could be:

• acrylic;
• mineral;
• silicone;
• silicate.

Flock plaster, which has no binding components, is included in a separate group.

Acrylic plaster

Acrylic plaster is based on acrylic resin (the same material from which PVA glue is made), a high-molecular plastic polymer. The filler can be granules and crumbs of natural materials such as mica, granite, marble, pebbles, etc., silk and wood fibers, etc. The surface can be smooth, rough or voluminous.

Sold in ready-made, paste-like (water-dispersed) form. Packaged mainly in 25 kg buckets at a price of 1,600 rubles. up to 6,700 rub. per bucket. In most cases, it is white in color, which requires either tinting the solution (you can use Symphone, NCS, RAL colors) or painting the wall.

Its versatility (can be applied to all types of walls: concrete, stone, brick, plasterboard, wood, as well as foam or expanded polystyrene insulation) and ease of application (in most cases the whole process can be done independently) have turned it into the main competitor to mineral plasters.

Other advantages include:

• ideal resistance to weather changes (rain, heat, frost, sun), which allows it to be used not only indoors, but also outdoors, for finishing facades;
• good heat and sound insulation properties;
• elasticity, which allows you to: effectively seal cracks and gaps on the wall; do not be afraid of the appearance of small cracks with slight shrinkage of the building; do the work with your own hands;
• durability - service life 15-20 years;
• environmental friendliness - can be plastered in any residential area;
• high resistance to vibration, which is important for buildings located near railway tracks, highways, airfields, construction sites;
• Easy care - easy to clean with water. For example, the facade can be quickly cleaned of dust and dirt with a strong stream from a hose;
• vapor permeability. Despite the fact that this indicator for acrylic plaster is average, and in some cases low (due to various additives), the walls under it “breathe,” which is very important.

In addition, the mandatory presence of bactericidal additives in the composition relieves home owners from such “headaches” as fungus and mold.

Among the disadvantages:

• high electrostaticity leading to dust accumulation on the surface;
• a decrease in adhesive properties during storage, which forces manufacturers to set storage periods (when purchasing, be sure to check the production date and expiration date);
• flammability - supports combustion;
• quick setting, which makes it difficult to do the work on your own.

As a result: acrylic decorative plaster, with its pros and cons, is well suited for those who decide to decorate the walls themselves.

Mineral plaster

Already from the name it is clear that mineral plaster contains no chemical components - only natural materials:

• white types of Portland cement - a binder that gives the surface a light tone;
• slaked (hydrate) lime is the second binder;
• fillers (quartz sand, granite or marble chips, crushed anthracite and glass, colored clay, mica particles, silk fibers, etc.);
• modifiers and plasticizers - improve the performance properties of the plaster mortar.

Mineral plaster comes on sale in the form of dry solutions, packaged in 25 kg bags. The cost of a bag varies from 450 rubles. (“Chrycel”, “Teplon”) up to 2,700 rubles. (“Bolars”, “Vetonit”) and depends on the type and composition of the mixture, category or variety, brand. The solution is prepared by mixing the dry composition with water in the proportion indicated on the packaging.

Depending on the type of filler, mineral plaster based on the type of surface can be:

• pebble (another name for “lamb”);
• "bark beetle" with different options: “oak bark”, “cork”, etc.;
• "fur coat";
• "Venetian" with many subspecies.

This composition of decorative plaster has many advantages:

• strength - this indicator for mineral plaster is the highest among all types of plaster mortars. As a result: the surface resists mechanical stress well (accidental impacts, contact with sharp or heavy objects, etc.); the finish retains its integrity and attractive appearance for at least 15 years;
• resistance to temperature changes and moisture, which allows you to plaster the walls of the building outside and inside;
• fire resistance - widely used to protect combustible wall materials from fire: natural wood, MDF, chipboard;
• environmental friendliness - the composition is entirely made of natural materials, and not related to allergens;
• low coefficient of thermal conductivity - the applied plaster layer is an excellent insulation material;
• vapor permeability, which allows the walls to “breathe”;
• easy care - withstands the effects of detergents with abrasive and chemically active additives.

Among the weaknesses are:

• limited color scheme finished paste - the surface needs to be painted;
• inability to use trendy types of decorative plaster - only classics;
• fast setting, which requires professional work with the material (if you do the work yourself, you should practice a little so that the applied plaster does not harden in an unsightly form);
• immediate reaction in the form of a network of small cracks to technology violations.

Conclusion: mineral plaster allows you to save money when carrying out repairs not only because of the lower cost of materials, but also because of the ability to do the work yourself. Requires full compliance with the technological process. It makes it possible to obtain classic types of decorative plaster that are well known to the Russian population (fur coat, bark beetle, lamb, Venetian).

Silicone plaster

Silicone plaster has appeared in the arsenal of finishers relatively recently. Its composition was developed for building facades. However, the material obtained from silicone resin has proven itself so well that it has also begun to be used for finishing walls indoors.

Available in ready-made form in various packaging: in buckets from 5 to 25 liters. It costs expensive. For a 25-liter bucket you will have to pay from 3.3 thousand rubles. (“Ceresit”) up to 8.2 thousand rubles. (“Caparol”). With its help you can create almost all types of decor: “lamb”, “fur coat”, “bark beetle”, “Venetian plaster” and their varieties.

Due to the huge number of advantages, silicone plaster began to be called the “queen of plasters”. Among the advantages:

• high elasticity, which allows you to: keep the surface of the plaster from cracking when the building shrinks - emerging cracks are healed; When preparing walls for decorative plaster, do not carry out expensive and labor-intensive operations to level the surface - all defects (microcracks, cracks, chips) will be covered by the plaster layer; get the final result a perfectly smooth surface when applying “Venetian” and its derivatives (“sea breeze”, “wet silk”, etc.);
• good adhesion to all wall materials - not applied only to insulation materials;
• you can plaster not only manually, but also using a machine station;
• biological resistance against various fungi and mold;
• durability - manufacturers indicate a service life of at least 25 years;
• vapor permeability in combination with hydrophobicity - on the side of the wall material the plaster layer allows vapor molecules to pass through (the wall “breathes”), but on the outside it does not (the surface of the plaster repels moisture);
• a variety of colors and shades (experts have counted about 2,500 varieties of colors), which allows you to implement a variety of designers’ ideas when decorating the interior;
• the ability to cleanse yourself without human help - under raindrops;
• resistance to fading - original color lasts until the expiration date.

There is only one minus, but a very unpleasant one - high price.

Conclusion: silicone plaster applied to the facade will not require cosmetic repairs almost until the end of the building’s service life, which compensates for the high cost of finishing materials.

Silicate plaster got its name because of “liquid glass” - potassium and calcium silicates, which are the binding material in the decorative plaster mortar. “Liquid glass” is obtained in autoclaves, into which white crystals of potassium silicate and colorless calcium silicate are loaded, and a little water is added.

However, liquid glass in itself is not decorative plaster. You need to add to it:

• fillers: quartz sand, marble chips, coarse river sand, small pebbles, etc., which form the surface texture and change the design of the coating (fillers make it possible to obtain all types of classic decorative plaster, as well as a number modern modifications well-known species);
• plasticizers ( liquid soap, PVA glue, fiber and other materials) - give the mass plasticity;
• modifiers - act as the center of crystallization;
• pigment dyes.

The plaster solution is produced in the form of a paste, ready for use. Packaged in buckets from 3 to 30 kg. The cost of packaging weighing 25 kg ranges from 2.2 thousand rubles. (Ceresit) up to 7.22 thousand rubles. (“Baumit”).

Among the advantages, experts highlight:

• good adhesion (adhesion) to porous materials (aerated concrete, silicate blocks, etc.);
• fairly high thermal insulation properties - the plaster itself or mineral wool can be used as insulation, onto which the solution can be easily applied;
• strength - difficult to damage mechanically, does not crack with slight shrinkage of the building;
• resistance to various weather conditions (tolerates summer and winter equally well);
• durability - service life 20-25 years;
• fire safety - does not support the combustion process - at high temperatures it simply melts;
• Easy care - wash with water, without using detergents. In case of severe contamination, active chemical components can be used, and products containing abrasive particles can damage the surface;
• reasonable prices - in terms of cost they are in the same price sector as acrylic plasters.

The weak points of silicate materials include:

• Dries quickly, both in the container after opening and on the wall. This requires a high pace of work, which a beginner is not always able to do;
• the need to apply a layer of plaster to the wall in one go - during breaks in work, connecting seams become noticeable, and sometimes different tones of color scheme appear;
• Mandatory priming of walls with a silicone-based primer. In this case, it is advisable to use a primer recommended by the manufacturer of the mixture, which will greatly increase the cost of the work;
• an insufficient amount color solutions ready-made composition - poorly tinted. Therefore, in most cases it is bought white plaster, and then the surface is painted.

As a result: it is better for professionals to work with such plaster. The affordable price for the finishing material itself is sharply increased by the primer, as a result of which the demand for silicate plaster is quite low.

Flock plaster

To decorate walls indoors, three similar methods of applying materials are used:

• liquid trellises;
• decorative plaster;
• flock decor.

If in the first case the experts clearly took the liquid wallpaper into its own form, then in the latter case the flocks were left as part of the decorative plaster. Flock is translated from German as flakes: small particles of acrylic paint. They can be monochrome and multi-colored, including metallized and pearlescent, small and large (up to 1.5 cm), flat and multi-faceted, with holographic and fluorescent effects, etc.

Flock plaster is applied in several stages:

• first glue;
• then flocks (among builders they are called “chips”);
• The process is completed by protecting the “chips” with varnish: satin (semi-matte) or matte.

The cost of covering 1 m2 of wall (materials only) starts from 240 rubles. and ends in the region of 1.0-1.2 thousand rubles.

Flock coating has strengths and weaknesses. Pros:

• strength - does not wear out and withstands mechanical impact of medium strength;
• durability - manufacturers indicate a service life of 15-25 years (the service life depends on the number of components);
• easy to clean with water and household chemicals;
• does not fade in the sun - the original color remains the same throughout use;
• a wide variety of design solutions due to the ability to apply designs and use many colors and shades;
• environmental friendliness;
• fire resistance.

Disadvantages include the very high price and difficulty of application - the work can be done by a beginner, but only if special equipment(flock gun).

Conclusion: if you have available funds, you can get stylishly decorated walls.

By surface type

There are several classifications based on the type of plaster surface. The division of the surface into structural, textured and Venetian plaster is considered a classic. Flock plaster stands out from this series - its surface is more like liquid wallpaper.

Any classification should help the consumer better navigate the features of the product. However, in our case, everything is not quite the same. This is due to the fact that among specialists there is no uniform interpretation of the concepts of texture and structural plaster. Therefore, in works on this topic, some authors consider such types of decor as “bark beetle”, “fur coat”, “lamb”, etc. as textured plaster, while others consider it structural. All this complicates and confuses the issue.

So that an unprepared reader can easily perceive the material, we will reduce all decorative solutions into 3 blocks:

• textured plaster - home distinctive feature is that it is applied in one layer. The second feature is that its surface is always rough;
• "Venetian plaster"(it is more suitable under the concept of structural plaster) - consists of 3-10 layers, ground to several millimeters in thickness, which, after grouting and ironing, imitate various natural materials on their surface: marble, granite, wet silk, etc. They have a smooth surface, often polished;
• flock plaster The surface texture is very close to liquid wallpaper. Just like trellises, it does not contain binding materials - flocks (“chips”) are applied to a wall coated with acrylic glue.

Textured plaster

Using textured plaster you can create unusually beautiful walls with a voluminous surface. Apply in one layer, with minor surface adjustments. The relief on the surface is obtained using different methods. For example, various patterns and lines, natural leather, oak bark, etc. applied to the surface of the plaster using special rollers.

The “bark beetle” is obtained after vertical movements of a spatula over a coarse-grained mortar - small pebbles, carried away by the tool, leave grooves very similar to the passages of a bark beetle in a tree trunk, a “lamb” comes out after circular movements with a trowel or spatula over a fine-grained mixture, etc.

When working with Venetian plaster, you need at least minimal experience and perfectly smooth walls. In the presence of both, it turns out very beautiful wall, imitating finishing and semi-precious stones.

Apply in several thin layers with chaotic strokes. The effect of natural stone occurs due to translucent layers through which the heterogeneous structure of the solution is visible. Where it is denser, the color is deeper, which is what is observed in the stones.

Today on the market you can find many subtypes of Venetian plaster, which some experts classify as independent, new types.

Flock plaster - fundamentally the new kind finishing materials. Comprises acrylic glue(the base for applying flakes), in fact, the flocks themselves or, as they are also called, “chips” and the varnish that covers the wall. All components are sold separately and are applied in a strict sequence: first glue, then “chips,” and varnish completes the process.

Which one is better to choose and in what cases

When choosing decorative plaster, you need to pay attention to the following criteria:

• the desired type of finish, i.e. the final result;
• compressive strength indicator (an important indicator for shrinkage of buildings);
• the maximum possible thickness of the plaster layer;
• level of adhesion with various materials;
• the value of the vapor permeability coefficient - the higher the better;
• difficulty of application (can you do the work yourself);
• operating conditions (outside the building or inside);
• cost of materials.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the purpose of each room. So, for the bathroom, with its high humidity, acrylic plaster is ideal. But due to the short service life, about 5 years, preference should still be given to budget mineral solutions. If you have enough money, it is best to buy a silicate-based plaster mixture.

In the kitchen, acrylic plaster is more durable. But the ability to maintain fire excludes it from the list of plasters used. Here, as in the bathroom, silicate and mineral compositions are a priority.

For other premises, the choice of plasters based on composition is carried out according to the criteria listed above.

• For the corridor and hallway, use fine-grained textured solutions. Moreover, the smaller the diameter of the filler, the more beautiful the pattern;
• Varieties of Venetian plaster are best suited for ceilings;
• The same Venetian motifs are great for the bathroom and kitchen. But it's quite expensive. Here it is still preferable to use various textured plasters;
• Both textured and Venetian compositions fit well in the children's room and bedroom. A matter of taste and financial capabilities determine the final choice;
• plaster with fine fillers looks good in the living room;
• columns and arches look very impressive under natural stone (Venetian plaster).

Required materials and tools

Do-it-yourself decorative plaster of walls begins with purchasing the necessary materials and preparing tools and equipment. The most crucial moment is to buy the required amount of materials. Indeed, if there is a shortage of them, the technological process will have to be stopped, which, in most cases, leads to the appearance of visible connecting seams or different shades on the same wall.

Material requirement calculation

When purchasing a specific type of plaster, the calculation of the required amount of material is determined simply: the area of ​​the walls is multiplied by the mixture consumption per 1 m2 (indicated on the packaging). However, here it is necessary to take into account some nuances.

• A solution with coarse fillers is applied with a thickness of no more than 1 cm and a maximum of 2 layers. This must be taken into account when purchasing the composition.
• For all types of textured plaster with inclusions with a diameter of up to 2 mm, the consumption per m 2 does not exceed 2 kg. As the size of the filler increases, the consumption of material increases - approximately 1.5 times.
• It is better to buy fine-grained acrylic plasters in smaller containers - the likelihood of significant residues increases due to low consumption (2.0-3.0 kg/m2).
• It is more convenient to buy bark beetle plaster in 25 kg packs - it has a high consumption, up to 4 kg/m2.
• Reducing the consumption of plaster mixtures, and significantly, can be achieved by leveling the walls.

Materials

To obtain a high-quality finish, you should buy materials that are compatible with each other:

• starting plaster - necessary for leveling the walls. It is better to purchase with the same binders as the decorative finish - it guarantees perfect adhesion;
• Decorative plaster can be purchased ready-made or dry. The type of binder is selected according to the characteristics of the room, fillers for design solution interior;
• leveling putty;
• deep penetration primer focused on the binder of the finishing plaster with antiseptic additives. For example, for silicone plaster it is necessary to buy only silicone-based primers;
• materials for finishing walls: wax, varnish, glazing compounds;
• masking tape.

Tools

To apply decorative solutions to the wall you need to prepare:

• stepladder or construction platform (horses). As a last resort, you can use a strong table;
• an electric drill or hammer drill with a mixer for stirring the solution (also needed for ready-made mixtures - many manufacturers recommend mixing them thoroughly);
• trowel;
• set of spatulas;
• plaster floats;
• containers for stirring dry mixtures;
• special devices for surface treatment ( flat brushes with hard pile, embossed rollers, cellophane, sponges, etc.).

Preparing the walls

Covering walls with decorative plaster involves a number of sequential works:

• surface preparation;
• plastering walls with decorative mortar;
• finishing surface treatment.

The durability of the coating, the consumption of the solution and the aesthetic perception of the plaster depend on the quality of the preparatory work performed. Instructions for preparing walls for decoration include the following operations:

• old trim and fasteners (screws, nails, hooks) are removed. Switches and sockets are removed;
• The wall is being inspected. Old plaster is tapped to detect loose layers, and unplastered walls are inspected to identify damage: cracks, chips, etc.;
• loose plaster is removed (in case of significant damage, it is better to completely remove it);
• the wall surface is cleaned of dust, dirt, soot and volatile fats;
• damage is repaired;
• a penetrating primer is applied;
• the wall is plastered with starting plaster (the wet method of leveling walls can be replaced with a dry method by gluing drywall);
• primed again with a deep penetration primer.

Instructions for applying decorative plaster

It is impossible to consider all the subtleties of wall cladding with different types of plaster in one material. There are many of them and each has its own application technology. Therefore, the most popular types of decorative plaster are devoted to individual materials. In this work we will look at how to apply decorative plaster on flock walls, as well as “Venetian”.

Flock plaster application technology

Flock plaster has two varieties: 2 and 3 component composition. In a two-component composition, chips are mixed with an adhesive solution already at the production stage. Therefore, applying such plaster to the wall is not difficult: the mixture is thoroughly kneaded by hand (using a mixer can damage the dry acrylic particles), and then applied to the wall with a medium-length nap roller.

You need to know what this plaster has limited opportunities in terms of design. More impressive walls with significantly better quality are achieved by 3-layer plaster, consisting of glue, flocks and varnish. They are packaged and sold separately, which creates difficulties when working with them. The whole process is carried out in stage III.

Stage I. The wall is primed. If it is necessary to enhance the color saturation, color is added to the adhesive suspension and mixed with a mixer or manually, after which a base layer of acrylic glue is created with a roller (sometimes this is a special acrylic paint) with a long curing period (the quick-drying base layer does not allow you to apply chips to the entire wall in one go).

Practice shows that it is more convenient to work together. After the first finisher has applied the “base” to part of the wall, the second one proceeds to the next stage.

Stage II. Using a special gun connected to a compressor, “chips” are thrown onto the wall. When creating a pattern from different flocks, the borders are formed with masking tape. Excessively applied flakes are removed with a brush (metalized ones - with a rubber roller). After the surface has completely dried (at least 12 hours), proceed to the final stage.

Stage III. Glossy, matte or tinted acrylic varnish is applied to the flocks with a brush.

Technology of applying “Venetian plaster”

To obtain “Venetian plaster” on the wall you will additionally need:

• dry rags;
• sandpaper (P100);
• color;
• wax;
• metal scissors - necessary for cutting the corners of a spatula and trowel;
• needle file - needed for working off the cut corners of plastering tools.

All work is divided into several stages:

• preparation of instruments;
• stirring and tinting plaster;
• applying base layers;
• ironing;
• wax coating.

Tool preparation. The corners of the spatula and trowel are cut with scissors, after which they are processed first with a needle file and then with fine sandpaper.

Stirring and tinting. Venetian plaster is sold in buckets in the form of a white paste. To prevent drying, pour water into a bucket onto the surface of the mixture. It must be drained, and then use a drill or hammer drill with a mixer to mix the plaster solution until smooth. After this, add color and mix with a mixer for 5-10 minutes.

The quality of tinting must be checked - often the dye does not get into the paste near the walls of the bucket. You can fix the problem with a piece of wooden block. They feed the mixture from the walls of the bucket closer to the center, and then mix it again with a mixer. The procedure must be repeated until a uniformly colored suspension is obtained.

After tinting, the paste should mature for approximately 12 hours (the specific time is indicated by the manufacturer).

The last nuance that must be taken into account: with manual tinting, it is impossible to obtain a second mixture of the same color tone. Therefore, it is necessary to tint the paste for the entire wall at once, and with a reserve. It's okay if there's a little left. It's better than not having enough.

Applying base layers. Among professional finishers, it is believed that Venetian plaster should be applied by specialists. The point of view is based on the fact that complex technology can lead to marriage, and this is a waste of large sums from the family budget. But don't give up. People say: “the eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.”

In order not to really throw money away, you need to gain initial experience. To do this, 1 m2 of plywood is plastered in a full cycle. It is necessary to repeat this operation until the technique is perfected - it is better to lose a little while gaining experience than to screw up the whole job. Practice shows that 3-5 attempts are enough for high-quality finishing of walls with “Venetian plaster”.

“Venetian” is applied in several layers onto an ideally prepared surface (puttyed and sanded) - uneven wall will increase the consumption of expensive plaster. You can level it with a base coat, but it is very expensive. Each layer is applied differently. But they are all dried and then smoothed with a trowel. The latter is also polished.

First, the base layer is applied to the primed surface using conventional plaster technology. After application, the plaster layer is leveled and dried for 1-10 hours (the exact drying time is indicated on the packaging). The dried surface is carefully ground with a zero polish.

Second and subsequent layers are applied in chaotic strokes with a thin metal spatula or a special trowel with a rounded nose. The tool must be held at an angle of 30-35 o in relation to the surface, strokes should be applied with slight pressure, rubbing the layer as thinly as possible - the base should be visible through it. Each subsequent stroke should overlap the previous one by 5-10 mm - as if to lubricate, close the connecting seam. Moreover, the more chaotic the directions, lines, bends, the more spectacular the final result will be.

As with the base, each layer is dried and smoothed. The greater the number of layers, the greater the depth and brightness of the applied finish. Beginners get good results when applying 5-10 layers of paste.

Imitation of natural stones is achieved by shining through thin layers of plaster in places where the paste has laid more densely.

Last The “Venetian” layer is necessarily applied with a thin spatula using a technique that finishers call “scraping” - first the paste is applied to the wall and then removed with a blade. It remains very thin layer material. The smoother the surface remains, the more beautiful the finish will be. Small irregularities can be removed by grouting, but you still need to strive for a more even surface.

Ironing. The last layer of plaster is subjected to ironing 20-60 minutes after application (this period varies among different manufacturers). The work is carried out in small areas, approximately 0.5 m2. The process is performed in the following order:

1. plaster is applied to a small section of the wall;
2. Using a dry, clean surface of a Venetian trowel (a regular trowel with rounded ends), the applied paste is rubbed in a circular motion until the pattern of natural stone (marble) appears.

The transition to another area is made after the appearance of “depth” of color and layering. It is important to prevent grains of sand and grains of filler from sticking to the surface of the trowel - they form scratches. When moving to another place, you need to pay attention to the boundaries of the areas - wipe them down well.

Wax coating. The wax is applied with a wide spatula after the plaster has completely dried, about a day later. The technique is the same as for the last layer - “scraping”.

For information: when applying 2 layers, the wax begins to flake off over time.

Approximately 40 minutes after application, the surface is polished with an electric drill or grinder with a speed of no more than 3,000 per minute (with faster rotation, the wax coating is not polished, but is torn off). The polishing pad should be soft and have short bristles. Polishing continues until the wax shines.

Coloring instructions

Decorative plaster can be painted in several ways (techniques):

• in one tone;
• in two color shades;
• "dry brush";
• "wash".

One tone

The essence of the technique of painting in one color is well explained by the expression: “in one pass.” Paint is applied in an even layer, without gaps, using a fleecy roller, brush or spray gun. The roller must be moved up and down, the brush first vertically, then horizontally. Remove any leaks that form in a timely manner.

Textured plaster does not paint well the first time (the paint does not get into all the recesses). Therefore, after the painted surface has dried, the procedure should be repeated.

Two shades

Using a long-nap roller, roll the entire wall with the base color. After the paint has dried, the second type of paint is applied with a foam roller or sponge. In this case, the surface is painted with light movements, which allows you to paint only the protruding parts of the plaster. The recesses remain originally painted.

Dry brush technique

The first layer of paint is applied similarly to the previous technique. But the second one is with a brush. This allows, firstly, to paint only the tips of the protruding relief, and secondly, to use several types of paint (for example, gold, silver and bronze).

This method is also used when painting complex patterns, when the paint is laid on top of each other in several layers.

“Washing” technique

The plaster is painted with water-based paint in one pass. Then, with a damp sponge, wash off the paint from the surface of the relief, focusing on the depressions. The difference from previous techniques is that here the base layer is lightened on the protruding parts of the relief, and there the dye is applied to a different color or tone.

Non-aqueous paints are “washed off” using a sander or drill with an attachment - during the grinding process, the protrusions are removed along with the paint.

The nuances of applying decorative plaster outside

Correctly applying decorative plaster to the facade of a building is not difficult - only textured compositions with simple technology are used. However, here, as in any business, there are some nuances.

• The corners are plastered last. Dried solution on adjacent walls will be an excellent beacon for the rule. You can replace it with a wide spatula or a special template made of plywood or tin.
• Manufacturers claim that all types of solutions are suitable for outdoor use. Practice shows that there is nothing better than an old friend: cement. Therefore, the best option is mineral plaster.
• It is better to insulate the walls before plastering.
• The work must be carried out in warm, rainless weather - a break in the rain will spoil the results of the work done.

Any thing lasts longer if it is constantly looked after. This also applies to decorative plaster. A few simple rules will make this type of finish durable.

• Decorative plaster does not require special care in the first 2-3 years - just wipe the walls with a damp soft cloth. For severe contamination, you can use detergents and a brush, but without abrasive fillers. To be sure that the “chemistry” will not damage the surface of the plaster, you need to wash a small piece of the wall in a secluded place.
• After a few years, you can refresh the plaster with wax, which, firstly, creates an additional water-repellent film, secondly, it enhances and, in some cases, adds shine, and thirdly, it enhances the texture of the surface more effectively.

Wax mixtures are applied with a spatula, paint brush or sponge, and then polished.

In addition to wax, decorative plaster can be coated with varnish or special glazing compounds (application is done by hand using a special mitten), which give the walls a pearlescent shine.

The treated wall can only be washed with soapy water at room temperature. It is important to remember that warm water melts the wax.

• After 8-10 years, the untreated surface can be painted with decorative paint for interior work. Complete repainting of the walls will change the interior of the room beyond recognition.
• It is advisable to immediately coat all varieties of “Venetian plaster” with varnish or a wax-based polishing compound after drying. This will create an additional protective layer against accidental mechanical impact: shocks, scratches, etc. — in case of destruction, the glossy layer of plaster cannot be repaired fragmentarily.

Conclusion

Decorative plaster allows you to get beautiful and durable walls with a long service life. At the same time, the “Venetian” has the most spectacular appearance. But the high price of materials and complex techniques application moves it to the very bottom of the ranking in terms of popularity.

Textured materials without forming a deep relief (“fur coat”, “lamb”) are not very expensive and can be applied on your own. But they don't look pretty enough. Therefore, they have a golden mean.

Solutions with deep grooves are in the lead. They have the most acceptable combination of price and quality. The ability to use any fillers allows you to experiment, resulting in fantastic, unlike anything else surfaces.

Decorative plaster can radically transform a home. Moreover, it can be combined with other types of cladding, painted in different colors, apply any structures.

Varieties by composition

Floral patterns, ceiling stucco, antique stonework, Venetian, large waves - all this and much more can be created from textured plaster.

The material goes on sale not only in white, but also in any other color, in dissolved form or in the form of dry mixtures. Each type has its own composition, preservatives, and fillers. The appearance of surfaces depends on them.

The structural nature of the coating makes it possible to create different patterns and effects. It doesn't matter whether it's a ceiling or a wall, a bathroom or a kitchen, a living room or a bedroom, a nursery or a hallway. Color or combinations thereof, texture or pattern are the exclusive prerogative of the master who works with the mixture. The main thing is that everything is combined with the style, and does not look pretentious and provocative. Based on their composition, the following types of textured plaster are distinguished:

Mineral

Mineral - most often used in the kitchen and bathroom

It is based on cement and is sold in powder form. Endowed with excellent resistance to moisture, suitable for any surface. Can be used in the kitchen and bathroom.

Silicone

Silicone - fits easily on any surface

This is a ready-to-use mixture and does not need to be diluted. fits well and easily on absolutely any surface, be it wallpaper under plaster, old uneven walls or brick. It has good moisture resistance, suitable for corridors, halls, bathrooms or kitchens. It can be used even on unprepared surfaces.

Acrylic

Acrylic - has good coverage

Liquid material, can be used immediately after opening the package anywhere. It has uniquely good covering ability and high decorative properties. Recommended for decorating living rooms, bedrooms, and children's rooms. The advantage of this material is a wide range of colors. Polymer plaster is similar to this type.

Silicate

Silicate - contains liquid glass

Also available in ready-to-use form. Contains liquid glass. Has excellent adhesive properties. It fits well and masks unevenness. Can serve as a basis for structural types of plaster.

Textured varieties

Any type of decorative plaster can be used to create a smooth surface or act as a material for creativity. They are used to make relief compositions and patterns, from simple to the most complex, including panels for decoration.

Graphito

Graphite - contains sand (sand concrete)

Thin-layer concrete containing sand (sand concrete). It can be used to create wood coverings, porcelain stoneware, leather, decorative stone and fabric. It is also used to create volumetric or floral motifs. Even monumental images can be recreated from it. The material is very good for decorating walls in the medieval style.

Flock

Flock - very popular plaster

Decorative finishing designed to recreate a soft structure similar to natural fabric. Very popular. It is used to decorate children's rooms, bedrooms and other rooms where a warm atmosphere and comfort is considered a priority. The mixture consists of multi-colored acrylic flakes. This is the main feature of flock plaster. With it, you can alternate areas of different colors with each other. In this case, no joints are formed, the coating looks solid. This feature of flock plaster allows you to decorate, for example, children’s rooms in different colors easily and naturally.

Venetian

It is considered the queen among other types of plaster. Most designers use it in their projects. It is used to imitate translucent marble tiles, rocks and other textures. The composition of this mixture has a unique visual depth. It is suitable for any premises:

• children's;
• living rooms;
• hallways;
• kitchens

It can be combined with your favorite other materials and finishes.

Stone chips are a cladding method that also deserves attention

I believe that this method of cladding also deserves attention. Stone chips from fine to medium fraction (0.5-5 mm) in a special binder can work wonders. The manufacturer can use marble, granite or quartz as the base (stones). This coating can be stylishly finished:

• arched openings;
• corners;
• niches;
• architectural elements.

The clear, cold appearance of the coating in combination with another type looks simply gorgeous.

Bark beetle

Despite the fact that the bark beetle is used mainly for finishing facades, it can also be found among passers-by in some apartments. In a room covered with bark beetles, a pleasant atmosphere will always reign, conducive to relaxation and tranquility. The coating is endowed with high strength indicators, lasts a long time, and does not lose its original appearance throughout its entire service life. practicality, durability. I can say that those who use it are chasing two birds with one stone and successfully catching up with both.

Africa

Africa looks quite expensive

Covering imitating snake or crocodile skin. Possessing a special decorative effect, it is often used in interior decoration, emphasizing the ethnic flavor. It looks quite expensive. The top is covered with glitter, paint or wax.

Marseille wax

Used by designers to create a rocky, antique masonry or sandstone look. The color scheme is light sand. Such elements complete the interior, adding coziness and warmth to the room. It is usually used to decorate doorways or certain sections of walls.

Silk effect

An amazingly beautiful type of plaster, reminiscent of silk with unobtrusive designs and patterns. They look chic in the interior and give a rich tactile sensation to the touch.

Silk plaster is considered the queen in the decorative plasters sector. It always looks expensive, chic, aristocratic, no matter where it is used. A special charm is the shimmer of rays in daylight, from which it is difficult to take your eyes off.

It should be in harmony with the style, not irritate, not tire. The fundamental choice of color palette is based on four groups:

• Fresh. They give transparency, purity and spirituality.
• Warm. They calm loved ones, and add coziness to the room, making them ready to relax.
• Saturated. They have a high percentage of coloring matter.
• Calm. Soft colors, most often with shades of gray. This decision brings balance and peace to the home.

How and what kind of plaster can be used in kitchens?

Having made a revolution in the kitchen and bathroom, refusing to glue wallpaper for painting and ceramic tiles, you will make them super fashionable, stylish and unique. This room is considered to have an extreme climate in the house, so for the kitchen it is advisable to choose acrylic-based synthetic compositions. Only they are able to withstand temperature changes, are resistant to the formation of fungal formations, and allow air to pass through well.

Advice

It is advisable to cover the top layer with wax or paint, this way it will last longer without losing its appearance and will simplify the care of the coating.

Look at the photo to see how your kitchen or bath can be transformed if you choose decorative plaster as a finish. And it doesn’t matter what it will be:

• Venetian silk;
• bark beetle;
• velvet, classic travertino;
• marble;
• microcement.

Gypsum mixtures cannot be used as a base for these rooms. They are afraid of high humidity and do not meet hygienic requirements. Because they actively absorb moisture, they swell, losing their integrity. In order not to have to redo the repairs, and in the near future, you simply need to abandon them.

Venetian decorative plaster is especially popular in kitchen decoration.

It is used to create styles such as:

Here they use discreet smooth textures.

• Smooth, patterned surfaces that subtly cover the walls are best for a small hallway.
• To visually enlarge the space, it is better to take as a basis decorative plaster of light colors with a smooth or finely granulated texture and a discreet design or pattern in the center.
• Any relief visually creates volume, so a small area of ​​the room will be hidden.
• In combination with the Venetian, you can use gold-colored stucco, however, if this does not contradict the style of the project.
• For large hallways I recommend choosing a Venetian in the halls. This way your space will sparkle in a new way, it will look not like an ordinary room, but like a real palace or a main entrance.

• Plaster that imitates brickwork or decorative rock.
• For interiors in the pop art style, three-dimensional drawings made in bright colors are best suited.
• Picturesque paintings, against the backdrop of decorative plaster, will complement the image and add elegance to the classic style.
• The delicate colors of textured plaster walls are the best way to enliven a Provencal-style hallway.
• The Venetian with the effect of wet silk looks gorgeous in the interior of the corridor. It can be safely combined with glass, wood or metal.

Corridors and hallways are deprived of a source of natural light, so they need to use a light palette, bright colors. It would also be correct to use mirrors in them, especially if they have a small usable area.

Natural, muted tones will help create an atmosphere of peace and tranquility in living rooms and corridors.

Ways to decorate living rooms

Here, when planning renovations, we set ourselves two main tasks - to create comfort and convenience, conducive to rest and relaxation. Apparently, this is why the choice of finishing material for wall surfaces is a very important and difficult task.

• Decorative plaster in a living room design project may well serve as the main finish. It can also be combined with stone panels, wood, and paintable wallpaper.
• Here is a living room, where not only the wall surfaces are plastered, but also the ceiling, framed with stucco. No one can argue with the fact that it looks original and chic.
• If the goal is to visually increase the usable area, then you should use mixtures light colors, even better with a good reflective effect.
• With Marseilles wax plaster you can make such ornaments and imitation wooden coverings, as well as imitation brickwork and stone.
• To recreate the elegant, exquisite interior For the living room we choose Venetian plaster with a silver or golden sheen.

Decorative plaster is a solution used for finishing exterior walls public buildings and private houses, as well as inside apartments, offices and other premises. Its main purpose is to improve the aesthetic and decorative qualities of the surface. In this article we will consider all types of decorative plaster for walls.

The word “plaster” is of Italian origin and is literally translated as “plaster” or “alabaster”. The composition of the plaster mixture for decoration has common components with conventional plaster - sand, lime, cement, but its main difference is the addition of various granules - dry bulk substances in the form of small granules, for example, stone chips, wood fibers etc.

• Decorative plasters can be sold ready-made, that is, previously diluted with water or a special solvent, such mixtures can be immediately used for work. Dry components can also be supplied, which must be diluted according to the instructions before application.
• Depending on the final result and the design idea, you can independently add various fillers to the decorative plaster: small pieces of mica, shells or small pebbles, which, after the layer of plaster has hardened, will look organic on the wall. In addition, in this way it is possible to achieve the effect of additional surface volume.

Types of decorative plaster for walls

The surface can be decorated in various ways, for example, simple plaster can decorate a wall, giving it a perfectly smooth structure. Of course, thanks to the special composition, it became possible to obtain a relief effect, achieve a glossy surface or imitate any natural materials without much effort.

Decorative plaster is distinguished according to several principles. For example, by type of filler it can be:

• textured;
• structural;
• Venetian

Textured and structural appearance form a rough surface and are usually called relief plasters, while Venetian plasters form a perfectly smooth surface, so they are classified as a smooth type of plasters.

All of the listed types are made on the basis of environmentally friendly substances, due to which they are considered safe, reliable and durable materials.

There are several types of plaster based on the binder used.

• Acrylic. The binder is a high molecular weight polymer (acrylic resin), which ensures good elasticity of the applied layer. It may contain organic and inorganic pigments, thanks to which the composition acquires different colors. Acrylic decorative plaster is sold as a ready-made mixture. The disadvantage of this type of coating is low vapor permeability, so the material is limited in use. Plaster is also susceptible to UV rays, and over time the coating may begin to crack. Acrylic resin in the composition allows you to paint the mixture in any desired color using pigment pastes.

• Mineral. The binder is cement. It has a relatively low price and is most often produced in the form of a dry mixture, which must be diluted with water before use. Great option decorative plaster for bathroom walls and for exterior use. In humid weather, add a little less water to the solution. It is considered the most environmentally friendly decorative material. Over time, such a coating only becomes stronger, has good resistance to UV rays, but is afraid of mechanical damage, in addition, it is not advisable to wash it with devices using high pressure. The standard color of such plaster is considered to be light.
• Silicone. Binding component - synthetic resins. It is used for exterior finishing and interior work; it is flexible and easy to apply. They are resistant to UV rays and do not attract dust and foreign odors. When applied, it forms a moisture-repellent layer, due to which silicone decorative plaster is used for cladding external walls in areas of high humidity. Available in the form of a ready-made mixture in various colors.
• Silicate. The binder is liquid glass (alkaline potassium carbonate, quartz sand and potassium hydroxide). It is distinguished by the high strength of the applied layer, resistance to mold and rot, as well as the ability to repel water. The mixture has impregnating, adhesive and astringent qualities. It can be used on almost any surface and has excellent fire resistance and vapor permeability. Supplied as a ready-mix in various color shades. One of the most reliable plasters, its service life can reach 50 years or more.

Silicate and silicone plasters are most often used for finishing facades and during construction in humid climates.

Textured plaster

• This is a plaster with a coarse, highly viscous structure. The filler is flax fibers, wood, mica, mineral chips (granite, marble) or small pebbles. It is used for decorating brick, concrete, plastered, and wooden surfaces. Great for exterior finishing and interior works.

• Thanks to special particles in the composition, textured plaster hides large defects and most surface irregularities. To apply it, practically no preliminary preparation of the walls is required; it is enough to dry and clean them; if there are peeling coatings, they should be removed and then an adhesive composition should be applied, or special solution“concrete contact”, this is necessary for reliable adhesion of the plaster to the wall.
• The applied layer is highly hard, waterproof and forms an air-permeable coating. The resulting surface can be an imitation of natural stone, genuine leather, wood or fabric. Among the types of decorative plaster, textured is the most common; in addition, it has a relatively low price.
• The plaster is supplied for sale in various containers, weighing 9, 18, and 50 kg, dry and ready for use. It can be tinted in any color when applied, or painted after drying. Average consumption up to 2 kg per 1 m2. The larger the filler, the more composition is required to apply one layer. It is not recommended to use plaster for external work during rains or humid weather, and at temperatures up to + 7 degrees.
• You can apply textured plaster without using highly specialized tools, and there is no need to involve professionals; even when decorating the walls yourself, you get many design options.

Subtypes of textured plaster

• Lamb- the plaster has stone grains of various sizes, is applied to mineral bases, the surface is rough and evenly grained.

• Fur coat- the surface after application is rough, in the form of a slight “hairiness”, the main component of this mixture is cement.

• Bark beetle- composite plaster, with fine stone filler, when applied, forms a grooved texture reminiscent of the surface of corroded wood.

The peculiarity of textured plaster is that the surface relief appears immediately after application.

Structural plaster

• A material with a thin-layer structure, made on an acrylic or silicate base. Marble chips or quartz elements are used as a structure-forming substance. Outwardly it looks like a granular heterogeneous mass. It is used for decorating walls indoors and finishing facades.

• It may be fine-grained and look like an almost even layer when applied, or medium-grained; after such plaster dries, a peculiar relief appears. Has good adhesion to most mineral surfaces, plasterboard and chipboard.
• Structural plaster forms a layer with excellent breathability, resistant to moisture and atmospheric conditions. Available in 9, 18 and 50 kg packages. Supplied as a ready-made mixture, adding coloring pigments to the composition is not allowed. Apply with a trowel to a dry, clean surface, pre-treated with a deep penetration primer. The consumption rate when applied in one layer is 3 kg per m2.
• It is not recommended to use in damp rooms or during rain during outdoor work; the air temperature should be above +7 degrees. Plaster can be applied using various methods and tools: a smooth spatula, a roller or a sprayer. So, to obtain the effect of waves, coarse-grained plaster is used, which is applied in a circular motion using a spatula.
• Very often, structural plaster is used for finishing walls in corridors and bathrooms, as well as for finishing facades, fences and gates. For interior work, it is recommended to use water-based, quick-drying and odorless material. The resulting surface is quite impact-resistant and resistant to mechanical damage. Wet cleaning of the plastered wall is allowed.

Venetian plaster

• This phrase appeared as a result of the literal translation of the phrase “stucco veneziano”. It is a decorative multilayer coating. This plaster mixture is made with the addition of marble chips and slaked lime. It has a fairly homogeneous structure. It became widespread in ancient Rome, when when working with marble a lot of dust and small particles remained, which began to be used as a material for cladding.

• Visually, the finished layer resembles the surface of natural marble or onyx. The right finish Venetian plaster requires special skill. It should be applied with a flexible rubber spatula, in thin strokes, in several layers (5-6), each of which requires thorough drying. The material is quite expensive, but the resulting effect fully justifies its price. Most often, Venetian plaster is used in rooms decorated in antique or classical style, as well as in the Baroque style.
• Thanks to in various ways Application can achieve a matte or glossy surface. Plaster is intended for indoor use only. The mixture can be tinted. Available in containers of 8 and 16 kg. The surface to be decorated must be clean, level and dry. Before facing the walls, it is recommended to pre-reinforce them, and then putty and prime them. If the technology is violated, cracks may form on the decorative plaster, which are very difficult to get rid of.
• In addition to the stone surface, Venetian plaster can imitate precious metals, due to special coloring with special pigments. Using this type of finishing indoors, you can achieve the effect of increasing space due to the refraction of light. This coating often acts as a basis for complex panels and frescoes.

Specific types of decorative plaster

• Colored plaster - made on the basis of acrylic and marble chips. It has high adhesion to mineral surfaces, water resistance and sufficient hardness. The color range is represented by fifteen shades. Apply to a dry, clean surface in one layer. To prevent noticeable joints, the mixture must be brought to the corner. Equally suitable for both external and internal work.

• Roller plaster- contains filler natural origin various fractions from 1 mm to 2.5 mm. When applied, a texture with small channels-indentations is formed. It is used for decorating facades and decorating walls inside office and residential premises. Tinting or surface painting is allowed. It is applied to the surface with a wide spatula and then rubbed with a trowel in circular, cross-shaped, vertical or horizontal movements.

• Latex plastic- allows you to create a smooth coating with a slight gloss, imitating the texture of smooth stone or marble, as well as various relief surfaces. The material is resistant to cracking and has high moisture resistance, making the plastered surface easy to clean. The mixture can be tinted in various colors, but in order to achieve the effect of the structure of natural stone, the colors should not be thoroughly mixed. The mixture is applied only to smooth walls, previously plastered and treated with a deep penetration primer.

• "Wet Silk"- the coating, reminiscent of the surface of a fabric, contains mother-of-pearl particles, the iridescence of which imitates the iridescence of flowing silk. Tinting in any color is allowed; initially several color variations are available: white, gold, garnet, silver and bronze. The resulting surface is highly moisture resistant and tolerates very well wet cleaning. An excellent option for decorative plaster for kitchen walls.
• "Sea breeze"- the coating has a translucent structure, with a slight pearlescent tint. Fine-grained sand is added to the composition. It can be tinted and is available in several basic colors: gold, white, garnet, bronze and chameleon. Used for interior decoration.

Advantages of decorative plaster

Decorative coating based on plaster has won the love of many designers, thanks to the special properties and qualities that distinguish it from other materials for interior decoration.

• Able to hide unevenness and defects of the surface being decorated;
• can be applied to most known materials (brick, stone, concrete, wood, drywall and many other coatings);
• does not absorb odors;
• has high sound-absorbing properties;
• has a unique and inimitable design;
• application does not require special surface preparation;
• is characterized by high levels of resistance to any atmospheric phenomena;
• The resulting coating has breathable properties;
• forms a moisture- and frost-resistant layer;
• thanks to its special plasticity, it is possible to process structures of any complexity, as well as create all kinds of patterns and designs;
• forms an environmentally friendly, practical and durable coating that is resistant to mechanical stress;

Decorative plaster of walls in an apartment

To obtain a high-quality decorative coating, the solution should be applied using tools that are free from defects, damage, chips, cracks or nicks. Each type of plaster mixture requires its own finishing methods and techniques to give the surface expressiveness and special artistic properties.

Venetian plaster

• Venetian plaster, to develop the required pattern, requires multi-layer application. The work is carried out using stainless steel painting tools of various widths (trowel, spatula). The main layer is applied with the widest tool, leaving gaps on the surface. The strokes are made wide and asymmetrical. All subsequent layers must cover the gaps of the previous application. To make it more expressive, each layer can have its own color shade.

• The applied layers are dried one by one, each of them is leveled and additionally ground with a smooth steel tool. This method is called ironing, due to which the surface acquires a glossy appearance. If additional shine is required, the plaster can be coated with a special varnish or wax. Due to translucent layers, the effect of depth and volume is achieved.

Relief decorative plaster

• Finishing with relief decorative plaster occurs a little differently. In this case, no special treatment of the walls is required, as for applying smooth plasters. It is enough to remove old finishing materials (painting, wallpaper, whitewash), clean and dry the surface.
• After which the walls are treated with a primer. This procedure is carried out about a day before finishing with relief plaster. It is best if the primer composition has antibacterial properties that prevent the development of fungi and mold.
• The plaster mixture is applied to the primed surface with a wide soft spatula. Immediately after this, it is necessary to give the layer a relief. This should be done very quickly, as the composition sets instantly.

• You can obtain the desired pattern on textured plaster using tools such as spatulas, sponges, rollers, smoothers or stencils. For example, using rubber roller, you should moisten it in water before each application of texture. The work is carried out immediately over the entire area of ​​the wall (from corner to corner), otherwise noticeable seams cannot be avoided.

Structural plaster

• Structural plaster is applied with a stainless steel trowel. The layer should be slightly larger than the grain size. The treated surface is kept for 2-3 minutes, and then smoothed in a circle with a plastic trowel.
• This method ensures uniform distribution of the granules contained in the composition over the treated surface. Excess mixture is regularly removed from the trowel with a small spatula.
• Structural plaster, like textured plaster, forms joints during application, so work is carried out from corner to corner at a time.

Advice: if there is a need to paint relief plaster, then you should do this 10-14 days after application.

Basic coating care

The decorative coating formed by relief or smooth plaster is quite durable and resistant to mechanical damage and atmospheric conditions, so no special care is required in the first year after application.

• This material does not absorb odors and does not attract dust, and also contains water-repellent substances, due to which the surface, if necessary, can be easily washed with ordinary detergents without chemical fillers. When cleaning, it is better to use a soft cloth or sponge, avoiding hard brushes, metal scrapers, pumice stones or plastic.
• To increase the service life of the plaster coating, special waxes or glazing compounds are applied over the dried decorative layer. Artificial or beeswax helps increase the waterproofing of the surface, and when applied to Venetian plaster, it provides additional shine.
• The wax composition is supplied ready-made. With its help, you can emphasize the smallest details and the depth of the relief of applied decorating mixtures, while increasing their resistance to mechanical stress, and providing additional protection from dust, dirt and moisture. Protective wax is available in two versions: with a mother-of-pearl effect, having a silver-white tint, and in a translucent form, with a yellowish tint.

• This product must be applied in a double layer using a spatula, sponge or brush, and after drying, polished with a soft cloth. Wax surfaces cannot be cleaned with solvents; only a soap solution or clean water is allowed.
• Glazing is an almost transparent, light coating designed to give an additional shade; in addition, it adds volume and emphasizes the contours of the relief. It can have several shades that imitate gold-plated, silver or bronze surfaces, as well as simply white, transparent or iridescent color. The product is applied with a brush, sponge, rubber spatula or special mitten. Can be washed with detergents or soapy water.

Protective compounds are used for all types of plaster used for finishing walls indoors and outdoors. Thanks to such means, it will last longer, will not crumble or crumble, which means its maintenance will be minimal.

How to renew a decorative plaster coating

If you need to remove decorative coating from a wall, you can use several methods:

• repainting in a different color - done when it is necessary to change the color scheme;
• withdrawal before concrete base- when it is necessary to apply another version of plaster;
• puttying over the layer to a smooth, even wall - such a surface can be finished with a light decorative material, for example, wallpaper.

Decorative plaster for walls video

When choosing decorative plaster, it is impossible to say which type is better or worse. It all depends on everyone’s personal preference and the requirements put forward for the finished result, as well as the availability of a certain budget, because the price of decorative plaster for walls sometimes differs by an order of magnitude. It is quite easy to apply one mixture, for example, textured and structural, and you can do it yourself, but applying Venetian plaster will require the involvement of specialists. You must remember this when purchasing decorative coating.

Decorative plaster, thanks to its deep texture and exquisite pattern, gives the surface a special volume and, due to the many relief elements, creates a three-dimensional effect on it.

What is this?

Decorative plaster is a layered fine-grained or structured mixture that is used to decorate ceilings or walls.

Pros and cons of interior decoration

Several advantages and disadvantages of this finish.

pros	Minuses
It has an aesthetically attractive appearance and high performance characteristics.	Does not tolerate serious mechanical stress.
Goes well with other finishing materials.
Resistant to temperature changes, sunlight and other negative factors.	It has a fairly high price.
Perfectly hides unevenness and defects present on the surface.	Some types of coating are not easy to maintain.
Has a long service life.
Eco-friendly and vapor permeable.	Decoration requires a large consumption of this material.
It has many colors and textures and a huge variety of application methods.

Types of decorative plaster for interior decoration

There are several main types.

Venetian

Venetian has a very beautiful complex shade and perfectly imitates noble natural stones. Thanks to such genuine depth and uniqueness of the pattern, the decor takes on a solemn and amazing appearance.

Structural

It contains solid particles that create a clear pattern and give the plane depth, volume and roughness. The structure and expression of the pattern depends on the size of the particles in the composition.

Textured

With the help of such a decorative coating, various imitations of textures are created, for example, it can be natural stone, thin-layer sand concrete, porcelain stoneware or sawn wood.

The photo shows decorative textured plaster on the walls in the interior of a modern kitchen.

Application options

Two ways to use decorative material.

Walls

With the help of such wall decoration, you can give the room special originality and uniqueness, as well as bring any design ideas to life.

Ceiling

This material has excellent plasticity, so with its help you can not only effectively decorate the ceiling or create various reliefs on it, but also hide cracks and minor irregularities in the ceiling plane.

The photo shows a classic bedroom with a ceiling decorated with sand-colored plaster.

Thanks to the ability to create any shape and color on the ceiling, such a coating will look beautiful and harmonious in any interior.

Finishing of stoves and fireplaces

Decorative plaster for decorating stoves or fireplaces must first of all be resistant to high temperatures, heating, rapid cooling and have protective properties.

Kitchen apron

Exceptionally durable, heat-resistant and odor-resistant plaster is a rational option for decorating a kitchen backsplash and creating a stylish and individual design.

Arch

With the help of this magnificent decorative material, which has countless options and is suitable for almost any style direction, it is possible to creatively approach the design of such an architectural element as an arch and turn it into a truly unique interior masterpiece.

What colors are there?

The color scheme for the room is a very important point in the design of the apartment.

White

Snow-white plaster allows you not only to create a very elegant and graceful decor, but also to give the space additional volume, spaciousness, lightness and weightlessness.

The photo shows the walls in the hallway decorated with white plaster.

Grey

A deep and attractively beautiful gray shade gives the room the right interior background and forms a discreet, inconspicuous, smoky and multifaceted design.

Black

It is a classic and extremely strong color that, when used correctly, can give a room a sophisticated and modern look and turn it into a comfortable, elegantly decorated space.

Red

The spectacular red finish creates an original and daring design that always looks impressive and attracts all attention.

Green

The many faces of green can come in many shades, such as new foliage, dark pine needles, mint ice cream, fresh greens or jewel. Each of them carries a certain palette of emotions and impressions, and in its own way affects the image of the room.

Violet

This color looks prestigious and elegant. Purple is able to fill an ordinary interior with special elegance and luxury.

The photo shows a bedroom with walls decorated with purple decorative coating.

Beige

Calm and neutral beige is a permanent classic in interior design. With the help of this color it is possible to bring a special style and harmony into the environment.

Brown

Noble and expensive brown shades, such as terracotta, cinnamon, bourbon or copper, have a natural and very deep appearance, due to which the space is filled with warmth and coziness.

Yellow

It evokes associations with the sun, adding joy and special energy to the atmosphere. Decorative yellow plaster is considered quite original and modern version decoration.

The photo shows a children's room with decorative yellow plaster on the wall.

Blue

Depending on the intensity of the shade, blue can create a luxurious, intriguing and relaxing atmosphere in a room and set a certain mood for it.

Gold

Thanks to the extraordinary attraction, external gloss and internal warmth emanating from the golden hue, it allows you to warm up and significantly transform the space.

The photo shows a classic bathroom with golden-colored plaster on the walls.

Silver

The slightly iridescent and shimmering silver color is very impressive, bright and an unusual option design while creating a truly original design.

Photos of design and effects of decorative plaster

Due to certain design and effects, you can create a unique interior and add luxury, style and good taste to it.

Under the stone

Thanks to the imitation of a surface made of stone, the room takes on a more noble and monumental appearance and becomes much more comfortable and functional.

The photo shows a living room and walls with a decorative coating that imitates stonework.

Under the tree

Decorative design that reproduces natural material, in the form of tree bark, boards, cross-cuts or other wood patterns, has a natural appearance and is practically no different from real wood.

Fabric imitation (velvet, silk)

This imitation of fabric texture looks absolutely exclusive and allows you to create an elegant, deep, unique design filled with comfort and warmth.

Under the skin

Decorative finishing with the effect of reptile skin, for example, snake, crocodile or other leather imitations, is a rather atypical and slightly extravagant interior solution. This design has a unique and exotic look, which allows you to create a very elegant and sophisticated atmosphere in the room.

Pearl

With the help of subtle pearl shine and gentle tints, it is possible to create brilliant glossy accents in the room and give it solemnity and a little mystery.

World map (islands)

A geographical image with clearly marked continents, islands and other characteristic relief will be a wonderful decoration for almost any room.

Two-color

White-gray, black-white, beige-brown coating or plaster with a combination of other color pigments, such as pink and gray, blue and white and others, allows you to achieve the desired effect in the space and give it a special uniqueness.

Antique

Despite the rough, slightly shabby appearance, which is created using a special technique for applying patina, such decorative finishing in the interior looks very dignified, allows you to recreate the atmosphere of the past and give completeness and completeness to certain style directions.

Combination with decorative stone

It is considered a very good and successful combination, characterized by strength, durability and noble appearance.

Drawings and patterns with plaster

The most popular types of designs or patterns.

Paintings and frescoes

This decoration adds a special flavor to the room, allows you to dilute the interior and add your own individuality and some zest to it.

Flowers and leaves

Floral designs, in the form of roses, lilies, orchids and other plants, made with decorative plaster, thanks to volumetric shapes and lines, form sophisticated patterns and bring notes of magic to the space.

Wave

Due to smooth natural and free wavy lines, it is possible not only to make the atmosphere more harmonious, but also to smooth out spatial imperfections and highlight the necessary features of the interior.

Circles

Round elements are quite relevant in decorating a room, as they allow you to create a serene, playful atmosphere and place interesting accents.

Stripes

With the help of this design technique, it is possible not only to give the design a certain rigor and proportionality, but also to change or adjust spatial perception.

Ideas in different styles

Photos of decorative plaster decoration in the most popular styles.

Loft

To finish this style, decorative coatings with a rust effect or materials that imitate concrete or metal are used. Thanks to their original appearance, they will perfectly emphasize the stylistic direction of the loft.

The photo shows a small loft-style bedroom with gray plaster on the wall.

Classic

Classic style involves a neat, symmetrical and proportional design. Decorative plaster in light colors that are as close as possible to natural colors, an elegant smooth silk covering or picturesque panels, frescoes or bas-reliefs with gilding would be appropriate here.

High tech

This geometric techno design is especially harmonious, emphasized by gray, sand, beige finishes or coatings imitating concrete, cement or travertine.

Minimalism

Laconic, monochrome minimalism is distinguished by natural, rough textures or finishing materials that imitate wood, concrete, brick, suede or metal. This decoration looks very impressive and maximally emphasizes the exclusivity of this interior trend.

The photo shows decorative dark gray plaster on the wall in a minimalist bedroom.

What does it look like in the interior of the rooms?

Design options for various rooms.

Bathroom

With the help of such a beautiful and relief surface, with any color, you can create a non-standard bathroom decoration.

Hallway and corridor

Thanks to decorative plaster, it is possible to achieve high-quality design, set the right mood for the hallway and add character.

Kitchen

This finish has the best aesthetic and practical qualities and has a variety of colors, which makes it possible to competently decorate the kitchen space.

Living room or hall

Plaster on the walls or ceiling makes the interior of the living room more luxurious and gives it a visually expensive look. The decorative material, imitating various textures and colors, allows you to make the design of the hall more complete and thoughtful.

A multifaceted finish that matches the design idea will create an ideal background for other interior elements, fit organically into the space and support the overall style direction.

The photo shows a modern living room with walls and ceiling decorated with plaster.

Balcony or loggia

This coating, thanks to its natural composition and environmental safety, great for loggia decor. Plaster with imitation of marble, wood, concrete, craquelure varnish or other textured surfaces will look especially interesting on the balcony.

Decorative plaster is a practical, stylish, exclusive and environmentally friendly design option for the bedroom. Thanks to this coating, you can place interesting accents in the room, for example, highlight the head of the bed, using a brighter shade, unusual structure, imitation velvet or silk.

The photo shows decorative beige-brown plaster on the walls and ceiling in the bedroom interior.

For the bedroom, they most often choose pleasant and comfortable shades, which will not only look very noble and emphasize the status of the room, but will also create a relaxing atmosphere in it.

Toilet

This practical finishing material is perfect for use in rooms with high humidity. In addition, the plastered surface perfectly models any surface, thereby allowing you to create the desired decorative effects in the bathroom.

The photo shows a bathroom with walls decorated with plaster imitating black marble.

Children's room

With the help of this material, safe for health, it is possible to decorate the nursery very brightly and creatively. Great solution surfaces will become pleasant to the touch, for example, imitation suede, velor or silk.

Cabinet

Decorative textured plaster will give your office uniqueness and sophistication. A multi-layer coating or imitation of marble, granite and onyx will add special respectability to the setting.

How to choose decorative plaster?

• Before choosing, you should consider what room is intended for decoration. For example, for wet rooms you need to choose decorative finishes that are resistant to water and steam.
• It is advisable to take into account the features of the surface that will be decorated.
• The plaster should be harmoniously combined with the color and style decision interior

Photo gallery

Decorative plaster is a rather original design solution that allows you to create a memorable interior and becomes a worthy alternative other finishing materials.

Today there are many different finishing materials. The most popular of them is decorative plaster.

Its leadership in the market is due to the fact that it has many advantages. It is durable, easy to care for, moisture resistant, and its cost is low.

Let's look at how to make decorative plaster yourself.

Types of plaster

This material for decorating rooms and facades can have various properties. Depending on the:

• Chemical composition and components.
• Texture and style.
• Number and size of granules.

Chemical composition and components

Mineral, excellent value for money. Made from cement and lime. In stores it is sold in the form of a dry mixture. Therefore, before starting work, it must be diluted in water.

It is used not only for interior work, but also for decorating facades. Since it contains water-repellent substances.

In addition, it has a number of advantages:

• vapor permeability;
• fire resistance;
• resistant to mechanical damage.

Acrylic plaster is sold ready-made, in the form of a water-dispersed material for decoration.

In its production, a polymer solution is used that connects the filler. This type of plaster is tinted, so you can choose any shade.

Silicone is used to decorate external walls. Because it has various positive characteristics:

• Long service life.
• Elastic structure.
• Self-cleaning material.
• High vapor permeability.
• Weather resistant.

Silicate or mineral plaster is very expensive, however, reliable and practical. Since the main component is potassium glass. This will protect the walls from the appearance of fungus.

This plaster is usually used in finishing the facades of buildings. But you can find it in the decoration of interior walls.

If it is not possible to buy a ready-made mixture, then at home you can make decorative plaster from putty. With its help you can create textured images.

Texture and style

Venetian creates walls from marble. In the photo of decorative plaster, you can see how much the room is transformed. It is made from an aqueous solution, lime and marble sand. This type of material is applied only to smooth walls.

Structural is a heterogeneous mass with granules. It is made from latex and water. Its granules can be of any color. The color range is customized at the factory. However, choosing a color will not be difficult, as manufacturers offer a large palette of different shades.

Textured is the most popular among consumers. Because with its help you can create a relief or image on the wall in the interior of a room.

Note!

Flock turns the wall into a mosaic. As a rule, it is sold in two containers. The first contains glue, the second contains mosaic elements. They are already pre-painted by the manufacturer. It is applied to the wall in stages, first with glue, then with mosaic particles.

Lacquering is used in cases where it is necessary to create a certain effect on the surface of the wall. For example, the effect of silk, velor, sandstone. Decorative plaster can be applied to the façade of a building.

Instructions for applying decorative plaster yourself

You need to do some preparatory work first. You need to remove the old finishing material.

The surface is cleaned, and if there are cracks and holes, they are puttied. Afterwards, the wall must be treated with a primer.

After all the preparatory work is completed, the plaster is applied using a construction tool. The material is placed using horizontal or vertical movements. The thickness of the application is measured by granules. After application it dries for about a day.

This completes the application of decorative plaster. If desired, it can be painted a different color or decorated with different design elements.

Note!

Decorative plaster of walls is a great way to quickly and inexpensively change the interior of a room.

Photo of decorative plaster with your own hands

Note!