The most popular material for finishing the facade of a house is brick. , due to its properties, is suitable for almost all outdoor works. It has low thermal conductivity and is resistant to frost and moisture. Unlike the usual one, facing has clearer edges, uniform color and aesthetic appearance. Exist different kinds masonry for the facade of the house: straight, artistic and decorative. When laying directly, bricks can be laid using any bonding method, alternating uniform distribution of seams. In Gothic masonry, they are interlocked and alternate. Decorative cladding is done using multi-colored bricks and seam patterns. Artistic decoration, in addition to colors and patterns, is distinguished by the presence of relief of various elements: protrusions, slopes, ladders.
Facing brick is one of the most popular facing materials.
Finishing materials
Before tiling the house, you should make sure that there is a sufficient amount of brick and mortar for laying it, and also prepare all the tools necessary for this:
- trowels (for forming seams);
- Master OK;
- level;
- clasps or basalt rods;
- gloves;
- brush for cleaning the facade.
To give strength to the facing masonry, clamps are used in the rows.
Facade cladding with bricks is carried out using cement, cement-clay, cement-lime and lime mortars. A solution of cement and sand is prepared in a ratio of 1 to 4. The mixture must be prepared in small quantities and used immediately.
The parameters of the seams and the uniformity of the solution distribution are strictly standardized. The strength of the seam and its density depend on this. The thickness of the horizontal seam should be within 10-12 mm, and the vertical one - 8-10 mm. Also, the seam should not deviate too much from the front surface of the brick so that rainwater can flow down the wall of the house.
Finishing the facade with brick is one of the most popular options external design Houses.
Brick as a building material is valued for its practicality, sustainability and environmental friendliness, and most importantly - this material tested by time and familiar to everyone.
Today the range of products is quite wide, and you can choose more suitable option exactly to suit your situation at an affordable price.
Facing a façade with brick has many nuances, and if you play them correctly, you can achieve an excellent result.
Pros and cons of brick finishing of a building
To give the building a complete look and protect its façade from various negative factors, it is necessary to carry out external finishing Houses. This type of work is usually carried out as the final stage of construction.
In Russia, the most popular building material for finishing the facade of a private house is decorative brick.
Popularity of this finishing material This is explained by the fact that it has advantages and decorative properties that have been proven by its many years of use in home decoration.
Finishing the façade of a house with brick ensures that:
- the walls of the building will be reliably protected and strengthened. For another 20 years, the likelihood of the need for repairs will be minimal, because in practice it has been proven that houses finished with brick last for many years;
- danger of fire even wooden structures after such finishing it is significantly reduced, since the brick facade has high fire-resistant properties;
- decorating the facade with brick will increase the soundproofing characteristics of the house and will contribute to better heat retention inside the premises.
The modern building materials market offers a wide range of products used for finishing houses.
The buyer has the opportunity to choose the required color, shape and other quality characteristics at reasonable prices.
At the same time, other features of the building material should be taken into account, which can be perceived as disadvantages.
Brick is a rather dense and heavy material, which is why a house lined in this way will receive a large additional load on the foundation.
Not all walls can be faced with brickwork. Difficulties may arise when working with uneven surfaces.
Before deciding on such finishing, which can be difficult, you need to consult with a professional.
Even a simple photograph of defects in the walls of a building can help to assess the problem in absentia, although a direct analysis carried out “live” will be much more accurate.
Finishing the facade of a house with brick requires the use of a special adhesive and special skills. It is quite difficult to carry out such work on your own, and even impossible without experience.
The facade decoration itself facing bricks can take a lot of time, so to save effort and time resources it is better to hire specialists who will certainly be able to design and install high-quality brickwork.
Types of building materials
When studying a wide range of building materials, it is important to choose the right raw materials for the job. The quality of a brick can be assessed based on three main parameters.
It is important to note:
- its decorative properties: color and size;
- check the material for defects (the brick should not have cracks or chips);
- quality characteristics expected from facing material, which should protect the walls of the house from negative impacts and improve the thermal insulation, strength and frost resistance characteristics of the building.
Facade facing bricks can come in different shapes.
As a rule, there are three sizes available on the building materials market:
- 250×120×65 mm;
- 250×60×65 mm;
- 250×22×65 mm.
Most often, the first option is used for cladding buildings as it is the cheapest and most practical. It is suitable for finishing different types surfaces, since its sizes are quite universal.
Bricks 250x22x65 are used only for finishing smooth walls. Externally, they look more like tiles. Due to the small thickness, the corner elements of buildings are not made with 250x22x65 bricks.
The color of the product is also important characteristic, which will allow you to better assess the quality of the material.
Pink tints indicate that the product was not sufficiently cooked during the cooking process.
Cracks and glassiness of the surface may, on the contrary, indicate overexposure of the material.
Uneven coloring and the presence of inclusions indicate possible impurities in the structure of the product.
The most wear-resistant material is considered to be “clean” material, which retains its decorative properties longer, therefore it is recommended to use “clean” brick for the facade.
The products also differ in strength, which can be recognized by paying attention to the markings:
- the least strong materials are marked with M25;
- Medium strength products are marked M50;
- bricks M150 and higher can withstand the highest loads.
The frost resistance characteristics of bricks are marked with the letter F, after which there should be a number describing the frost resistance of the product (35 - smallest value, and 100 is the maximum).
Thermal insulation properties are divided into:
- ordinary;
- normal;
- conditional;
- tall;
- elevated.
Bricks with through holes have better thermal insulation properties.
Separately, it can be noted clinker bricks for facades, which are made by heating refractory types of clay. Clinker is produced without adding impurities to it.
It is distinguished by the special purity of the material and the absence of cavities in the structure of the product. The manufacturing technology used makes clinker bricks the most durable. The clinker dimensions are universal - 250/120/65 mm.
The consumption of materials is affected by the volume of work performed. The size of the building is key. To finish the facades one-story houses, much less raw materials are required than for finishing two-story buildings.
Features of brick façade design
Any building can be finished with brick, but depending on the material from which the house was built, the finishing options and its technology will differ.
Most often in brick finishing need wooden houses. Brick facades give wooden buildings additional stability and a solid appearance.
Finishing wooden house can be divided into 3 stages:
- preparing the front wall for work;
- insulation and strengthening of brick house walls;
- directly finishing.
First you need to make sure the strength of the building. Brick is a heavy building material, and if the structural elements are weak, they may not support the weight of such a finish.
It is worth preparing the walls before starting work. To do this, you need to replace weak parts and treat walls and partitions with antiseptic impregnation and a mixture that increases the fire-resistant characteristics of wood.
Wooden buildings are often quite warm in themselves, but additionally mineral wool can be used as insulation.
It does not interfere with the ventilation of the building and has high thermal insulation properties.
For cladding wooden buildings clay or silicate products are used. Laying technology involves the use construction mixture, the basis of which is lime, sand and cement.
One more important feature finishing of wooden buildings is the use of steel pins to strengthen the structure.
They drive into wooden wall With inside and are strengthened in the façade finishing structure using building material.
Using a set back and ventilated brick façade will help avoid moisture, which is detrimental to the walls of the house.
A different approach is used for cladding stone buildings. Glass wool is used as insulation, which is attached to the wall with disc-shaped dowels.
The use of a ventilated brick facade is still relevant. To do this, when finishing a stone house, centimeter gaps are left in the upper and lower rows of brickwork for air flow. The walls of the building are connected to the cladding layer with fiberglass rods.
Brick buildings are the easiest to decorate, as they are the most “not picky”. To insulate houses made of facing bricks, you can use virtually any type of material.
Most often, polystyrene foam is used, which is reinforced using the same disc-shaped dowels.
You can connect the brickwork to the thermal insulation layer either using a masonry mesh or using pressing.
A brick facade is practical and stylish design solution, although quite difficult to implement. It is better to entrust installation to a professional.
High-quality brick cladding of the facade of a house always looks solid and can significantly extend the life of the building.
- Ventilation gaps must be left in the upper and lower parts of the masonry so that moisture, which is poorly permeable to the brick, comes out and does not destroy the load-bearing walls due to the steam that forms between the walls.
- Another method of dealing with moisture: every 5 vertical seam in 2 horizontal rows is left unfilled with mortar.
- If several types of brick are used, a dry test row is made for each of them.
- At temperatures below zero, even the most careful cladding work will not provide maximum aesthetics. Only positive for work!
- Before laying, the brick is immersed in water so that it does not absorb water from the mortar and the latter does not dry out prematurely.
- We use a standard solution with Portland cement and lime. For example, this: 1/1/4 (cement, lime dough, sand). The order of adding compounds to the mixture is as follows: water, then lime, cement and finally sand.
- After finishing the cladding, its appearance is brought to perfection using a 10% solution of chlorine acid: the facade is wiped with it to remove frozen splashes of the solution and dust. Attention! The composition is applied after the walls have dried, protecting structures made from other building materials.
- The brick facing wall is also attached to steel corners, which are screwed anchor bolts to the foundation.
- A wall is usually placed on a foundation; if it is small, then it is either expanded or an additional one is poured, fastened to the main anchors.
- You can increase the reliability of a wall made of facing bricks by cutting roofing iron, which connects both walls (load-bearing) through 13 rows, horizontally - every meter.
Decorating a house with brick: what can it be?
At decorative masonry there are rules.
So, one of them is alternating spoon and butt rows. In this case, the latter appears every 6 rows in a continuous masonry of this type or alternating.
Multi-row masonry is almost always used. The bricks are placed both horizontally and vertically, on the edge and on the face, at a certain angle. Shaped masonry is made from shaped bricks with oblique and round corners and decorative chips. Relief brick patterns look very impressive. They are often used to distinguish windows and doors, cornices, and pilasters.
Finishing a cottage with facing bricks is an economical solution, as it will allow you to forget about the problems of thermal insulation and decor for decades, and will keep the cottage in its original form.
Construction of a brick house: what technologies provide strength?
The properties of brick are known to everyone. First of all, its strength deserves respect. The strength of the house is enhanced monolithic floors(no cracked surfaces at the joints), which are more convenient to finish, unlike prefabricated ones.
Modern construction material This type is also frost-resistant and not susceptible to fungus and mold. Expensive brick does not efflorescence and looks great. A cottage made from this material, built according to all the rules, is a reliable fortress for the whole family. This is a full-fledged residential building with huge advantages over apartments and seasonal wooden dachas. You can live here all year round, for many years in a row.
In order to achieve this, builders insulate the facade using the same expanded clay that is used to fill the well masonry, or insulation ( mineral wool): it is attached to the load-bearing wall, an air gap of 3 cm is left and a facing wall is laid. Besides. External insulation is possible, in which the material is covered with a ventilated facade.
Many masons and craftsmen can build a house from brick. Due to the prevalence of technology, new products that enhance the properties of brick and its new types, building a cottage from this building material is now a matter of several months, not years.
Facing
The most durable and reliable building material for a home, brick, is in demand and is not only used to build houses, but also to clad already completed, long-term buildings.
The facing wall is extended beyond the edge of the foundation by 1/3. Its standard weight, when finishing 100 m², is 40 tons. Therefore, it is necessary to build a house from bricks solid foundation(recessed, made of reinforced concrete, blocks), and under the cladding it is often necessary to strengthen it or pour another one. The foundation will cost 1/3 of the cost of the house (without finishing - the box of the cottage itself). If the plan of the house is such that the first floor is wider than the second and its roof rests on the wall of the 2nd floor, during cladding you will have to remove the roof to give the brick support.
A very reliable technology that has resurrected more than one old house.
We bring to your attention a video on facing a house with brick.
The facade of a house is like a person’s appearance; it is used to form an impression of the owner. Despite the variety of options presented on the construction market, cladding the facade of a house with brick has been and remains the most solid and popular way to decorate a home.
Today we have accumulated sufficient experience in carrying out this procedure, and we will talk about it.
Facing brick and rules for its use
The building block used for cladding buildings is not an ordinary one building brick. This material has a number of distinctive qualities: correct form, a certain surface texture, workmanship and decorative properties. For construction load-bearing structures this material is usually not used.
Another one distinguishing feature facing material - this is its price. This material is much more expensive than ordinary brick, so it is used to a limited extent.
Most often, a ceramic building block, double sand-lime brick M 150, foam concrete, various building blocks. Next, the walls are in one layer, and you can use insulation, or you can discard them.
Important!
Even an ordinary building with the simplest architecture after cladding takes on a completely different look, becomes more expensive, more beautiful, more solid.
Moreover, this material is combined with almost any design style and architectural trends, from classic to modern styles.
Among other things, when using cladding, you should remember the load on the foundation that it will create. Therefore, when designing a structure, this point must be taken into account. Old houses can be clad, which perfectly imitates brick finishing and does not create such significant load on the foundation.
Brick facade structure
As can be seen in the diagram, brick cladding of the facade of the house is carried out using a certain technology:
- The cladding layer rests on the foundation;
- Between the cladding layer and the load-bearing walls leave ventilation gap as in a ventilated façade to remove condensate;
- The cladding layer is tied to load-bearing walls using wire or metal fastenings as tough as possible, at least 5 connections per square meter;
- A special hole is left in the masonry at the bottom to drain condensate;
- There is also a hole at the top for air circulation;
- The masonry is done in a special way: ventilation gaps are left in it.
It becomes clear that facing facades with bricks should be done experienced craftsman, which will be able not only to lay each block beautifully and geometrically flawlessly, but to maintain the row design features this procedure.
Advice!
Laying this layer with your own hands without the appropriate experience is unwise, since you simply cannot lay out the layer beautifully and correctly without some practice.
Ventilation gaps
Another feature of the facing material is the need ventilation windows when laying it. Cladding the facade of a house with brick without such measures can lead to a greenhouse effect, since this material does not allow air and steam to pass through well.
Gaps are left in every 3-4th vertical seam by not filling these seams with mortar. Also, do not forget about the holes at the bottom and top of the wall for air circulation and condensate drainage. These measures will help make the walls breathable, which will extend their service life and increase the comfort of living in the building.
Stages of cladding work
The instructions for carrying out work on facing a building with bricks assume the following sequence:
- First you need to accurately calculate required amount material, since you can’t buy more of it afterwards - the tone will be different and the house will be ugly. 10% for defects is added to the calculated quantity;
- We make a trial laying: lay out no more than 1 m² of wall, checking the texture of the mortar and determining how to fill the joints;
- Determine the recipe for preparing the solution. Changing the solution during operation is not recommended, and categorically! Otherwise, different areas will differ from each other, which will spoil the appearance of the building;
- It is better to use regular masonry mortar with a thick consistency. Refrain from working in cold weather and other antifreeze additives, they can lead to efflorescence on the walls;
- In order to make sure that the corners are bandaged correctly and not to make a mistake when calculating the quantity, you can lay a trial row dry, i.e. without solution;
- For color uniformity, material from different pallets should be used simultaneously;
- Before laying, each block is immersed in water. This allows you to clean its surface from dust and at the same time saturate it with water, which will lead to normal solidification of the solution. The fact is that dry brick quickly draws water from masonry mortar, as a result, it crumbles and dries out;
- Take breaks from work. This will allow you to observe the process from the outside and promptly detect defects or shortcomings.
