The technology of frame house construction is step-by-step. Frame house construction technology

Filimonov Evgeniy

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What is the technology of building a frame house, types of frame structures, stages of work, types of materials, advantages and disadvantages of frame structures.

Having chosen a wooden structure, you need to learn in more detail the technology of building a frame house. Pros and cons of frame houses.

Features of the construction of the foundation, roof, internal and external finishing works. What is the Canadian and Finnish technology for constructing frame structures based on?
How to properly install the floor and bottom trim, correct floor insulation, installation pitch and cross-section of the racks. How to correctly create even corners of a frame house.

What you need to know about roofing. Features of installation of the rafter system and choice of roofing material.

Is it necessary to insulate the house, is there a need for vapor barrier of the structure. Types of frame construction. Features of German and half-timbered houses. Construction of frame-frame and frame-panel houses. Structural elements of a frame house. Methods for installing wooden and metal frames, as well as LSTK technology. Types of roofs. Stages of construction using frame-frame technology. Mistakes of improper self-construction and their consequences.

Technological progress in construction is moving in huge leaps. Therefore, at the moment, there are a huge variety of technologies and instructions for building houses, including several technologies for building frame houses and step-by-step instructions for them.

If you have decided to build a house with your own hands, then you have probably already faced the choice of what technology to use.

If you have chosen to build frame houses, then you should pay attention to the instructions on Finnish and Canadian house construction technology. But before you start building a house with your own hands, using the same Canadian or Finnish technology, you need to familiarize yourself with the positive and negative sides of frame houses built with your own hands. So let's start with this.

Among the advantages of frame houses built with your own hands, it is worth noting: Speed of construction - the construction of this type of house belongs to prefabricated buildings. An attentive and quick-witted person will be able to complete the construction of a small house with his own hands in just 3 months. Availability of technology - to build a frame house in stages, you do not need special tools, equipment or complex instructions.

Materials for construction - the construction of frame houses is carried out in stages, using ordinary industrial wood or other materials that are available on the market. Ubiquity - the weight of finished frame houses very rarely exceeds 20 tons. This means that you can build it with your own hands, on almost any soil.

Since the weight of frame houses is very small, there is no need to significantly deepen the foundation into the ground. Thermal conductivity - heating a house does not require significant costs, and with proper insulation, the temperature in the house can be maintained for up to 7 hours.

Despite a significant number of advantages, building frame houses with your own hands has a number of disadvantages: Low-rise - a person building a frame house with his own hands for the first time will only be able to build a one-story house, with a maximum of a residential attic. The construction of 2-3 storey houses requires experience and favorable conditions.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeniy

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Ask a question to an expert

Frame houses are practically not suitable for the construction of apartment buildings.

The regulatory framework is not sufficiently developed - obtaining permission to build an individual frame house is not so easy, but you can take permission for an already well-tested project and design it as a small self-built building similar to country houses.

High danger in case of fire - (this concept should not be confused with fire hazard) - if a fire does start, the materials of the house, in particular the cladding, will release a huge amount of heat and toxic gases. The operating time of frame houses is, on average, calculated for only one generation of residents. In the event of a natural disaster, the collapse of a home will be rapid and catastrophic.

Foundation

In principle, a frame house, built wisely, with its own hands will withstand almost any type of foundation, however, in most cases, we are guided by the price and ease of installation, as well as the type of soil on which the construction will be carried out. Plus, it is desirable that in this place it would be possible to build a stronger house, make extensions or superstructures, which necessitates the so-called tying of the foundation to the house.

When choosing a foundation type, you should be guided by the following factors:

If you are planning to build a house on soft soil, a shallow slab foundation is best. For your future reconstruction or addition, an insulated Swedish stove will be most suitable. This type of foundation was developed specifically for the construction of frame houses, although it can also cope with one-story brick houses. For a small, light country house, a metal foundation foundation on screw piles is quite suitable.
If the soil at your construction site normally carries the load, but is quite heaving, then it is worth using a pile-strip foundation with shallow reinforced concrete grillages.
In the case of moderately heaving soil, it is best to use a columnar foundation with normal depth, a brick plinth and plinth lintels.
In areas with slightly heaving soil, you can use a shallow shallow foundation or a columnar one, as in the case of moderately heaving soil.

Walls

Step-by-step instructions for installing the walls of a frame house consist of several stages. First, the corner vertical posts are installed. As racks, you should use the same boards that were used in the bottom knitting. Next, a beam is installed on pre-prepared dowels; using plumb lines, it must be aligned along the outer edges and vertical.

All vertical posts are installed in the same way, with a recommended step of 60 cm. After completing the bottom trim, it’s time for the top one. Installation of the upper and lower trim should be done using the same technology and from the same material.

When installing beams at a vertical post, you should use 2 nails at each end, and you should carefully monitor all diagonals so that possible frame distortions can be corrected in time.
After completing the process of the upper and lower strapping, you should check everything again and secure the racks using special jibs and corners.

An important advantage of such buildings is that a person has the opportunity to build a house in full accordance with his preferences. After all, you can choose any suitable one.

The peculiarities of building frame houses are that first a rigid frame of the house with a roof is constructed. After this, finishing begins with sheet material and. Further construction is also underway. If you take on the construction with your own hands, the construction of such a dwelling can be completed within six months.

When building a house using this technology, it is very important to take into account the expected time of residence there. Because if it is seasonal, then the house will have the same requirements, but if you plan to use the home all year round, then it must be carefully insulated.

Construction technology: foundation

You can get by with one of the following:

not buried.

The final choice of foundation depends on the number of storeys of the future house and the type in the area.

For a low-rise building, a simple one will be enough, which is suitable even for the capricious.

Recesses are made in it with a diameter of about 20 centimeters and about a meter deep, at a distance of 0.8 m from each other.

Construction in stages: piping

The subfloor itself is usually made from unedged boards, the cheapest material.

But it must also be treated with means. The boards are fastened to them with nails, the logs are attached to the strapping with metal corners.

House in stages: mounting the frame

It is fixed with nails with large heads. Installation occurs at the very last stage. If the method of using the material used allows, then all activities can be carried out with your own hands.

House in stages: insulation and finishing

There are many different materials used for exterior decoration. This is a simulator of timber, chipboard, etc. The final finishing is preceded by the installation of sheathing made of 50/40 beams, with a distance of 0.6 m between them. Metal profiles are successfully used for this purpose.

If the sheathing is wooden, then it must be treated with fire-fighting and antiseptic agents.

Then manual finishing is carried out in accordance with the technology of the material used for finishing.

In order for something built with your own hands to be warm and cozy, it must be. This will require both internal and

Construction of a frame house allows you to quickly solve a housing problem, save on materials and do the work yourself. Assembly takes only 2-3 months, and wood costs are reduced by almost half (compared to timber buildings). You can build a frame frame without serious experience in construction - step-by-step instructions will help you with this.

There are several technologies for building a frame house: Canadian, Finnish, German, using a wooden or metal base. But in any case, the design includes the following elements:

top and ;
vertical racks;
rafter system;
heat and sound insulating layer;
internal and external cladding.

Wall thickness depends depending on the region of construction and purpose of the house– for temporary or seasonal residence. The set of materials is standard: wooden beams, boards, OSB panels, moisture-resistant plywood, insulation, fasteners. Specialized tools are not required, but sometimes equipment may be needed to install large elements.

Preparation for construction

The basis of a frame house is wood materials, which excess humidity is harmful. It is important to choose the right site for development - dry, without wetlands, and not flooded during rain. It is necessary to first level the ground, remove debris, and prepare passage for trucks.

The second stage is development. It is better to entrust this task to specialists who will take into account existing building codes and coordinate documents with permitting authorities. If your skills allow, you can take a standard project and adapt it to your own needs. The main thing is not to forget about utilities and take into account the recommended dimensions of the house.

Important! To quickly build a frame house, be sure to draw up an estimate and describe all stages of the work. You can use the following step-by-step instructions as a basis.

Stages of frame construction

Wooden structures are subject to biological destruction and are not resistant to fire. To solve this problem, use flame retardants and bioprotective compounds. It is most convenient to use a complex product that protects against fire, woodworms and rot. Treatment with impregnations is necessary at every stage of construction of a frame house.

Foundation structure

A frame house weighs much less than a timber or brick house, so a lightweight foundation is sufficient for it.

The most popular option is tape. To equip it, they dig a trench along the markings of the future house, install wooden formwork in it, fill it with concrete mortar, and compact the mixture. For compaction, hand tools or special vibrators are used.

In second place is - bored or screw. In the first case, the piles are driven into pre-drilled holes, in the second they are screwed in manually or using special equipment. A grillage in the form of a ribbon is arranged on top of them thickness 200-400 mm and height 200-300 mm. It binds the piles into a single whole, increasing the strength of the structure. When arranging a pile foundation, it is important to take into account the characteristics of the soil and strictly follow the technology. Otherwise, the soil will swell and loosen the piles.

Slab foundation– an excellent option for those who decide to build a frame house with their own hands. A slab poured from concrete compensates for seasonal expansion of the soil. The recommended height is 250-500 mm. Most practical insulated Swedish plate (USP), consisting of several layers:

compacted sand bedding;
rigid foam 200 mm thick;
reinforced concrete mixture;
heated floor pipes;
leveling screed.

USHP combines the foundation, monolithic floor and heating system. But such a foundation requires large financial investments.

One of the most affordable foundations - columnar. It consists of small posts installed on the ground or buried in it. A columnar foundation is easy to make with your own hands, but due to its low reliability, it is only suitable for domestic buildings.

Subfloor installation

There are two types of wooden subfloor:

supporting structure is used in combination with strip or pile foundation;
the lattice structure is used in tandem with a slab or concrete screed.

In the first case, the horizontal level is maintained at the stage of arranging the base or grillage, in the second - at the stage of pouring the base.

Subfloor laying technology resembles a wall construction scheme. First, a load-bearing base is installed - joists and cross members. If necessary, the logs are overlapped. To strengthen the structure, additional spacers are used. At the same stage, engineering structures are laid: water supply, gas pipelines and sewerage.

Construction of the frame

The frames of prefabricated houses can be metal or wood. If you do not have construction experience, it is better to order a ready-to-install factory kit. Otherwise it is necessary to follow assembly technology. There are two options:

assemble all elements at the installation site;
gradually assemble the walls on a horizontal surface and install them in place.

The second method is more convenient and productive - especially for metal frames. To assemble the latter, a welding machine is used.

The construction of the frame takes place in several stages:

Bottom harness. The size of its cross section depends on the type of foundation. The harness is placed above the ground level, thoroughly treated with antiseptics and waterproofed.
Frame each wall. The strut pitch is 60 cm with plank cladding and 62.5 cm with panel cladding. The latter exactly corresponds to the standard dimensions of the OSB board. At the installation stage, temporary braces are often installed. The maximum load falls on the corners, so the most durable materials are used for their production.
Top harness. The choice of material depends on the load that the structural element will bear. With high strength, the metal requires a lot of drilling and is expensive. More convenient to use wooden beams, single or double boards. Their thickness depends on the area of the house.
Floor beams. When building a frame house, reinforced concrete floors are not used - they weigh too much. Best suited for this purpose boards measuring 50*200 mm or paired boards measuring 50*150 mm. The pitch varies from 40 to 60 cm. Internal partitions. They can be plank (one- or two-layer), frame-sheathing with or without insulation. Dry lumber, plywood, chipboard, plasterboard, and OSB are suitable for the construction of partitions.

Several technologies are used to connect wooden elements: joint at an angle of 90°, joint with cutting at 45°, half-wood joint, tongue-and-groove joints.

Roof arrangement

Erection of the roof is one of the most important stages in the construction of a frame house. You should determine in advance its type, type of rafter system, and cladding material. A gable roof is well suited for a frame frame. with a slope of no less than 28 and no more than 50 degrees.

For the rafter system you will need boards section 50*150 or 50*200 mm– dimensions depend on the design load and the insulation used. The standard pitch is 60 cm. Two boards are connected on the ground, the finished structure is lifted onto the roof and mounted on the top frame with an overhang of 35-70 cm. To ensure that the roof is level, the rafters are installed first on the gables, and then in the middle. The final stage is the installation of thinned or continuous sheathing, on top of which the roofing material is attached.

Insulation and frame covering

The finished frame is treated with antiseptics, dried well and sheathed with OSB boards. The resulting cells are filled with insulation - mineral wool or polystyrene foam. The thickness of the layer depends on the purpose of the house - for permanent residence, at least 15-20 cm is required. The wall cake looks like this:

wind-waterproofing;
external cladding - slabs;
insulation;
vapor barrier;
internal cladding made of gypsum plasterboard or OSB+gypsum plasterboard.

For exterior decoration use siding, wood or fiber cement panels, plaster, decorative brick.

Interior decoration

This is the finishing frame house. Light walls do not shrink, so you can immediately begin finishing. It takes place in several stages:

Final arrangement of the floor. First they mount wooden base made of boards with a cross section of 50-150 mm– their ends are laid on support beams or on the foundation. The lower part of the logs is covered with waterproofing, followed by insulation, vapor barrier, boards or OSB. Flooring - linoleum, laminate or parquet.
Ceiling lining. The sheathing is attached to the support beams and laid in the resulting sections vapor barrier and insulation. The layers are covered with plasterboard or other board material.

If you follow construction technology, a frame house will serve you for many years. The main thing is to choose the right project that meets the climatic conditions of the region and regulatory requirements.

Turnkey frame houses are offered by many construction organizations, but what is a prefabricated structure? The future owner of a low-rise building would like to know in more detail the pros and cons of a frame house. We will try to determine the effectiveness of the construction step by step and identify shortcomings. Let's understand the thermal insulation materials used and construction technology.

In recent years, a residential building called “ frame house", is becoming more and more popular. Installation organizations have in their arsenal standard designs of frame houses, and also offer individual construction. Currently, there is no perfect construction technology that would be superior to others and would not itself have obvious disadvantages.

However, according to statistics, frame houses are most often built. In the domestic (and not only) construction market, obvious advantages have ensured that frame houses are in demand, even despite some minor drawbacks.

Quickly built houses are attractive because they can be built on a ready-made basis in record time. Just two people, having a frame house project in their arsenal, are able to independently build a frame house in about a month. Taking into account the fact that it will be built by inexperienced builders.

DIY frame house without lifting mechanisms

And all thanks to step-by-step assembly - repetition of simple steps. Only one thing is important - to know how to correctly assemble each of the nodes. If you have instructions and understand the principle of construction, anyone can assemble a house from a frame.

Construction frame house It also attracts with its low cost. The specific amount depends on the size of the house and the building materials used (type of wood and finishing). One way or another, this option is rightfully considered one of the affordable and budget-friendly ones.

What are frame houses?

Frame houses are a special type of structure in which all load-bearing parts are closely interconnected. This type of construction of low-rise buildings has gained great popularity in America, Germany and Eastern countries.

It is noteworthy that in German cities, frame buildings began to be built nine centuries ago. To date, some details have undergone many changes, but the basic principle of operation remains the same as centuries ago.

At the very beginning, the main structure is built from timber, which is gradually filled with thermal insulation materials and sheathed with protective elements.

Technology and construction of frame houses

The basic principle of the technology for constructing frame buildings is a stable frame and fillers with low price and thermal conductivity. Basically, such a structure is made of wood or metal.

Accordingly, beams, boards or zinc-coated steel are used for this. And to sheathe the walls, they usually take oriented or

Thermal insulation components used:

Wood fiber wool;
Polyurethane foam;
Cellulose ecowool.

Typical, multi-layer insulation scheme for frame houses

The most common option among builders of private houses in the Russian Federation is basalt. It has many advantages, including:

Long service life;
Non-flammability;
Excellent sound insulation;
Moisture repellent.

He honestly deserved the “Silver Medal”. It is used for the production of sandwich panels and for the construction of frame-panel houses using Western technology. Eco-friendly cellulose wool rounds out the top three.

There are only three methods for constructing low-rise buildings:

. The plant produces shields of the same type, consisting of a pair of sheets of oriented strand boards and a layer of expanded polystyrene between these shields. The panels are cut out at the site of the proposed construction. Houses made of sip panels often become an alternative, displacing frame-panel houses.

. OSB is cut into panels of the required size while still in production. Already at the construction site, they are sewn onto the frame and insulation is carried out.

German. Frame-panel houses are made up of factory-prepared panels. They are delivered to the construction site with glazed window frames and ready-made door panels.

The first couple of options can be completely done without unnecessary equipment - several people can handle them. As for assembling the building from huge panels, you will have to use a crane for the work.

Panel house on a screw foundation

Insulation of a frame house

As for the internal arrangement of the walls, frame houses can be panel or frame. The first type is a kind of construction kit, made from parts assembled in production, which just need to be assembled into a single whole. Frame frame houses involve the installation of a skeleton made of metal or wooden profiles, as well as cladding and thermal insulation.

Frame houses are subject to mandatory insulation

Using the latest technology allows you to fully control the quality of materials and the entire assembly process. Each of the stages. In contrast, the construction of panel houses takes much less time. The only thing you should carefully monitor is the quality of the purchased shields.

The walls of typical private houses consist of many layers, including:

OSB or DSP boards on both sides;
A special lattice that forms;

The frame with internal insulation can be single or paired. In areas with a mild climate or for a dacha that is not intended for permanent residence, the first option is quite suitable.

The thickness of such walls is up to ten centimeters. In areas with cold winters, it will be better to have thick walls - fifteen centimeters or thicker.

SIPs are filled with expanded polystyrene, and the ends are filled with beams. Their presence will allow you to get by with a less powerful foundation during the construction process. Partial load is taken by SIP panels.

The main advantages and disadvantages of frame low-rise buildings

Currently, frame buildings are extremely popular, and all thanks to the short construction period, reliable design and relatively low costs for building materials. Nevertheless, frame houses include pros and cons, which are described in the reviews of the owners.

frame house on stilts - photos of staged construction

If you have a strong desire and the necessary skills, you can even build such a house yourself. Of course, all these undeniable advantages inspire many enthusiasts to lean towards this particular option for a private home.

But we must not forget that frame buildings, for all their quality, also have some disadvantages that should not be ignored. Let us consider the advantages and disadvantages of this building in more detail.

Frame houses advantages:

1. An excellent prospect to hide and lay electrical and plumbing communications directly in the walls;

2. High pace of construction;

3. Low level of thermal conductivity - frame houses are very warm and are inferior, perhaps, to a log house;

4. Finishing can begin immediately after roofing work;

5. Low weight of the structure, n the point does not shrink;

6. Cheap construction work. Panel cladding of the frame will cost several times less than brick walls.

7. Lack of seasonality. Frame houses can be built all year round.

8. Improved wall insulation. The cavity between the wood studs provides ample space for insulation.

9. Speed and cost-effectiveness of construction. Wooden frame walls are built much faster and, in the case of complex buildings and window configurations, they will cost much less. Among other things, it is much easier to lay utilities through the wall.

The basic advantage of this design is the overall lightness of the entire house. This, in turn, allows, in most cases, to carry out construction work without the presence of special equipment.

a frame house is indistinguishable from ordinary buildings and is suitable for year-round living

Frame houses do not require a massive foundation; there is no need to lay it as deep as under a brick house. In this ratio, only aerated concrete blocks compete with frame houses covered with insulated wooden panels.

Frame houses cons

Now about the disadvantages of frame houses. Although there are relatively few of them, they are still worth mentioning:

The project proposal must come from organizations with extensive experience. Otherwise, you may not even think about the durability and strength of the frame, which is the “skeleton” of your home;

If the house does not have forced ventilation, be prepared for the room to be quite stuffy;

Expanded polystyrene, like polyurethane foam, are not environmentally friendly materials;

Lumber is flammable and this is also worth taking into account;

Frame buildings are much less resistant to storms and strong winds compared to concrete. Timber frames, like concrete buildings, must be tested to meet the same sustainability building code standards. And yet, buildings made of wood are lighter.

You will often have to deal with attacks from termites and ants, because their wood content is much higher. Prevention in the form of special traps, baits and antiseptics will help protect your building from pests.

A frame house is not as resistant to water penetration. The outer layer of a wooden frame building is covered with a moisture-resistant shield that carefully hides all openings. But if water penetrates a wooden wall, it will cause much more damage to it than a wall made of concrete or brickwork.

Video review - the pros and cons of a frame house:

If we talk about the fire safety of wood, this can only apply to untreated frames. If the wood is impregnated with a special substance, it will be too tough for fire.

In most cases, all the disadvantages of frame buildings are attributed mainly to gross mistakes by the builders. Or due to inexperience in the details of construction technology. Among such disadvantages there are even far-fetched ones.

The main problem that residents of frame houses face every now and then is stuffy rooms. The walls of such a house, indeed, almost do not allow air to pass through. On the one hand, this means significant savings on heating costs. On the other hand, there is a need to install forced ventilation.

The main threat to frame construction is called:

Wood rot;
Termites;
Hurricanes.

In the last few decades, fires have also been added to them. Including cases where the fire occurred in the forest, near residential buildings.

Modern technology in the construction of frame buildings

The technique of constructing frame buildings allows you to build a house in the shortest possible time, with a relatively small budget. If you build the same house from concrete, beams or brickwork, the same building will end up being much more expensive. But you can live in such a private house for up to a hundred years!

frame panel houses construction technology

On the other hand, a lot can depend on the details, including the quality of the material and the climatic conditions in the area of construction.

It is worth remembering that the main danger for a frame house is water. No matter how hard you try to protect the wood from water, you won’t be able to do it 100%.

photo of frame houses using Canadian technology from sip panels

Advanced frame houses are always the optimal engineering design. They fully comply with the intended task of reducing the amount of lumber used and generate the least amount of waste during construction.

wooden frame house

Modern construction methods that use frame homes improve energy efficiency by replacing lumber with insulating material while maintaining the structural integrity of the home.

Insulation of a frame house, performed using technology, improves the value of thermal conductivity by reducing the thermal bridge through the framing and maximizing the insulated wall area.