When loading the vehicle body bulk cargo it should be located evenly over the entire area of the body and should not rise above the sides.
Box, roll-and-barrel and other piece cargo it is necessary to lay them tightly, strengthen them or tie them down so that they cannot move during movement (sharp braking, starting from a standstill and sharp turns). Gaskets and spacers are also used.
When moving box loads, to avoid injury to your hands, protruding nails and ends metal upholstery boxes must be stuffed or removed.
Barrels with liquid cargo installed with the plug facing up. Roll-and-barrel cargo may be loaded (unloaded) manually by rolling. These operations are carried out one by one by two loaders manually with the weight of one piece not exceeding 60 kg, otherwise strong ropes and mechanisms must be used.
Glass containers with liquids accepted for transportation only in special packaging. It must be installed vertically with the plug facing up.
Dusting cargo may be transported in open bodies equipped with curtains and seals.
Drivers and loaders involved in operations with dusty cargo must be provided with personal protection– dust-proof goggles and respirators or gas masks (for operations with toxic substances). The respirator filter must be changed regularly (at least once per shift).
Long cargo(exceeding the dimensions of the PS by 2 or more meters in length) are transported on vehicles with spreader trailers, to which the cargo must be securely attached. Operations with long piece cargo (rails, pipes, logs, etc.) must be mechanized; unloading manually requires the mandatory use of strong slings. There must be at least 2 loaders working. Long loads of various lengths are stacked so that the shorter ones are located on top. To prevent the load from moving when braking and moving downhill, the load must be secured.
Loading and unloading panel semi-trailers are made by smoothly lowering (raising) the panels without jerking or jolting. Semi-trailers should be loaded from the front (to avoid tipping) and unloaded from the rear.
Dangerous goods and empty containers from them are accepted for transportation and transported in accordance with the requirements of current regulations. Dangerous goods must be accepted for transportation in special sealed containers. The same requirement applies to empty, non-neutralized containers. All packages containing hazardous substances must have labels indicating: the type of hazard of the cargo, the top of the package, the presence of fragile vessels in the package.
Transportation of bottles with acids must be carried out in specially equipped devices that protect the load from falling and impacts. Bottles should be kept in baskets and wooden boxes (frames) with strong handles and bottoms.
During transportation compressed gas cylinders The following safety precautions must be observed:
Cylinders can be moved to the loading site only on special trolleys that protect the cylinders from shaking and shock, in a lying position and with the valves closed with metal caps;
The vehicle must be equipped with felt-lined racks with recesses according to the size of the cylinders;
Cylinders can be transported in a vertical position only in special containers.
At automatic system pouring flammable liquids the driver must be at the emergency loading control panel, and when loading ammonia water into tanks, the driver must be on the windward side.
Loading and unloading of dangerous cargo onto a vehicle is carried out only with the cabin tightly closed and the engine turned off, with the exception of loading petroleum products and other cargo into a tanker, which is carried out using a pump installed on the vehicle and powered by the engine.
After completion of work with dangerous goods, work sites, lifting and transport equipment, lifting devices and personal protective equipment must be sanitized depending on the properties of the cargo.
Not allowed:
Carry out PRR with dangerous goods in defective containers, as well as in the absence of markings and warning notices on it;
Shared transportation hazardous substances and food or feed cargo;
Combined transportation of acetylene and oxygen cylinders, with the exception of their delivery on a special trolley to the workplace;
Carry cylinders without a stretcher, throw them, roll them, carry them on your shoulders, holding them by the safety cap;
Smoking and use of open flames during cargo operations with explosive cargo;
Lower the load onto the vehicle, as well as lift the load when there are people in the back or cabin;
Use other objects instead of wooden wedges to wedge the load;
Carry roll-and-barrel loads on your back (shoulder) regardless of their weight;
Be in front of rolled loads or behind rolled loads;
Load hot cargo into wooden bodies;
Transport cargo with ends protruding beyond the side dimensions of the vehicle;
Block the driver's cab doors with cargo;
Load long cargo above bunk posts;
Place the load in a glass container in 2 tiers without appropriate gaskets to protect the bottom row from breaking during movement.
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 ..10. Safety rules for transporting goods and materials and during loading and unloading operations
10.1. The boundaries of the roadway of transport routes in workshops must be established taking into account the dimensions of vehicles with transported goods. The distance from the boundaries of the roadway to the structural elements of buildings and equipment must be at least 0.5 m, and when people are moving - at least 0.8 m.
10.2. Venues repair work on transport routes, including trenches and pits, must be fenced and marked with road signs, and in the dark - with light signaling.
10.3. The maximum speed of vehicles on the territory of the enterprise should be set depending on the condition of transport routes, the intensity of cargo and human flows, the specifics of vehicles and cargo. In production premises maximum speed vehicle movement should not exceed 5 km/h.
10.4. Piece cargo placed above the sides or on platforms without sides must be reinforced during transportation!
10.5. During transportation, barrels with liquids should be installed in the body standing up (neck up). When installing them on top of each other, it is necessary to place spacers made of boards between the containers.
10.6. Flammable liquids and gas cylinders should be transported in special vehicles equipped with spark arresters on the exhaust pipes.
10.7. When transporting liquefied gas cylinders, the cylinders must be placed with safety caps to one side across the body and secured.
10.8. Loads on vehicles must be installed (stacked) so that they do not shift or fall during transportation.
10.9. Oversized and heavy cargo must be stacked in one row on chocks.
10.10. It is not allowed for people to be present or for vehicles to move in the area of possible falling loads when loading and unloading from rolling stock, as well as when moving loads.
10.11. Before lifting and moving loads, the stability of the loads and the correctness of their slings must be checked.
10.12. Safety requirements for loading and unloading operations.
10.12.1. Workers authorized to load (unload) dangerous and especially dangerous goods must undergo special training safe methods labor with subsequent certification,
10.12.2. Loading and unloading areas must be equipped with the necessary technological equipment and devices (cassettes, pyramids, racks, ladders, stands, pads, etc.) and have dimensions that ensure a normal scope of work.
10.12.3. Dismantling of stacked cargo should only be done from top to bottom. Bulk cargo should be stored and selected taking into account the angle of repose for a given type of cargo. The selection of bulk materials by digging is not allowed. When loading and unloading bulk materials, workers are not allowed to be in filled containers.
10.12.4. Loading and unloading operations using lifting crane should be carried out only in the absence of people, both in the cabin and in the body of the vehicle.
10.12.5. Loading and unloading of heavy and long cargo should only be carried out in the presence of responsible person.
10.12.6. Loading and unloading operations and storage of goods in warehouses and sites must be carried out according to technological maps.
10.12.7. It is not permitted to place material or equipment on pedestrian paths or free passages for people. Placement of goods at a permanent storage location must be carried out in accordance with the storage map (scheme).
10.12.8. When handling gas cylinders, in order to avoid an explosion, it is prohibited to hit them, throw them, place them closer than 1 meter from stoves, flammable materials, heating appliances, or leave them in sunlight. Transportation of cylinders is permitted only with safety caps and in specially equipped vehicles. Cylinders are only allowed to be carried by two workers on special stretchers or special carts. The overalls, gloves and hands of workers working with oxygen cylinders must be free of oil stains, grease and traces of other flammable substances.
10.12.9. It is allowed to lift and move loads manually, while observing the norms of maximum permissible loads established by the current resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. R 2.2.2755-99 “Hygienic criteria for assessing and classifying working conditions according to indicators of harmful and dangerous factors of the working environment, severity and intensity of the labor process” when lifting and moving (one-time) heavy objects, when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour):
For women:
Optimal - 5 kg acceptable -10 kg
For men:
Optimal - 15 kg acceptable - 30 kg
12/10/10. All tools with sharp edges or blades should be carried in protective cases or in special bags.
12/10/11. Faulty load-handling devices that do not have tags (stamps) should not be located in places where loading and unloading operations are carried out. It is not allowed to have unmarked or damaged containers in work areas.
When organizing and carrying out work on loading, unloading and transporting goods, you should be guided by the requirements of GOST 12.3.002-75 SSBT “Industrial processes. General requirements safety", GOST 12.3.009-76 SSBT "Loading and unloading works. General safety requirements", GOST 12.3.020-80 SSBT "Processes of cargo movement in enterprises. General safety requirements", "Rules for device and safe operation lifting cranes", "Rules on labor protection in road transport", SNiP, other regulatory legal acts on labor protection.
Labor safety when performing loading and unloading operations is ensured by the choice of work methods that provide for the prevention or reduction to the level of permissible standards of exposure of workers to hazardous and harmful production factors by:
Mechanization and automation of loading and unloading operations;
Use of devices and devices that meet safety requirements;
Operation of production equipment in accordance with current regulations technical documentation and operational documents;
The use of sound and other types of alarms when moving goods by lifting and transport equipment;
Proper placement and stowage of cargo at work sites and in vehicles;
Compliance with requirements for power transmission security zones and nodes engineering communications and energy supply.
When moving cargo with lifting and transport equipment, workers are not allowed to be on the load or in the area of its possible fall.
After finishing work and during breaks between work, the load, load-handling devices and mechanisms should not remain in a raised position.
Loads with a stacking height of up to 1.2 m, counting from the rail head, must be located from the outer edge of the rail head of the railway or crane track closest to the load at a distance of at least 2.0 m, and at a higher height - at least 2.5 m Loads should be slinged in accordance with the "Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes."
Loading and unloading, transport and warehouse work must be carried out in accordance with technological maps approved by the head of the enterprise.
Technological maps (or production projects) for loading and unloading, transport and warehouse operations should include:
Laying schemes various materials, semi-finished products and finished products;
The procedure for dismantling stacks, the maximum height of stacked various cargoes;
The shortest and safest routes for transporting materials, semi-finished products, finished products;
Safety requirements for loading and unloading operations;
Maximum permissible weight of loads when lifting and transporting loads by men, women, teenagers;
Last name, first name, patronymic and position of the persons responsible for the work.
Loading and unloading, warehouse and transport work should be carried out under the supervision of a responsible person appointed by order of the head of the enterprise and responsible for secure organization and compliance with safety requirements at all stages of the technological process.
When loading (unloading) particularly heavy, large-sized and dangerous cargo, a person responsible for the safe performance of work must always be at the work site.
Workers engaged in loading and unloading, warehouse and transport operations must undergo preliminary and periodic medical examinations.
Loading and unloading areas and access roads to the areas must have a smooth, preferably hard surface and be kept in good condition: descents and ascents in winter time must be cleared of ice (snow) and sprinkled with sand or slag.
At the intersections of access roads with ditches, trenches and railway lines, decks or bridges must be constructed for crossings.
Responsibility for the condition of access roads and loading and unloading areas lies with the consignor and consignee.
Loading and unloading areas must be of dimensions that provide the required scope of work for the established number of vehicles and workers.
When placing cars on loading and unloading areas, the distance between cars standing behind each other (in depth) must be at least 1 m, and between cars standing next to each other (along the front) - at least 1.5 m.
If a vehicle is installed for loading or unloading near a building, then an interval of at least 0.5 m must be maintained between the building and the vehicle. The distance between the vehicle and the stack of cargo must be at least 1 m.
When loading (unloading) cargo from an overpass, platform, or ramp with a height equal to the level of the body floor, the vehicle can drive close to them.
In cases of unequal height of the floor of the car body and the platform, overpass, ramp, it is necessary to use ladders, ladders, etc.
Overpasses, platforms, ramps for loading and unloading operations with vehicles entering them must be equipped with permissible load capacity indicators and wheel chocks.
The movement of vehicles on loading and unloading areas and access roads must be regulated by generally accepted road signs and indicators. The movement must be continuous. If, due to production conditions, flow traffic cannot be organized, then vehicles must be reversed for loading and unloading, but in such a way that they leave the site area freely, without maneuvering.
The illumination of rooms and areas where loading and unloading operations are carried out must comply with SNiP 23-05-95 “Natural and artificial lighting”.
Warehouses for the temporary storage of transported goods, located in basements and semi-basements and having stairs with more than one flight of flights, must be equipped with devices (ladders, conveyors, lifts) for lifting and lowering goods.
Warehouses located above the ground floor and having stairs with more than one run or a height of more than 2 m are equipped with lifts for lowering and lifting loads.
Places for loading and unloading operations must be equipped necessary means collective defense and safety signs.
The movement of vehicles in places of loading and unloading operations must be organized according to the transport and technological scheme with the installation of appropriate road signs, as well as signs adopted for railway, water and air transport.
Loading and unloading operations are carried out, as a rule, mechanized using cranes, forklifts and other lifting equipment, and for small volumes - by means of small-scale mechanization.
To load (unload) cargo weighing more than 50 kg, as well as when lifting to a height of more than 1.5 m, it is necessary to use mechanized means.
When loading (unloading) containers on wheels, one loader is allowed to move the container, requiring a force of no more than 500 N (50 kg) to move.
In exceptional cases, it is allowed to manually load (unload) cargo weighing 60-80 kg (one piece) by at least two loaders.
Women are prohibited from lifting and carrying heavy loads manually in excess of those established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02/06/93 No. 105 “On new standards for maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy loads manually.”
When carrying heavy loads by loaders at a distance of up to 25 m, the following maximum load is allowed for men:
From 16 to 18 years old - 16 kg;
Over 18 years old - 50 kg.
Teenagers from 16 to 18 years old are allowed to load and unload only the following cargo: bulk (gravel, clay, sand, grain, vegetables, etc.), lightweight (empty containers, fruits in small containers, etc.), piece goods ( brick, etc.), lumber (timber, timber, etc.).
In places where loading and unloading operations are carried out, persons who are not directly related to these works are prohibited from being present in the service area of lifting mechanisms.
The person responsible for loading and unloading operations is obliged to check the serviceability of lifting mechanisms, rigging and other loading and unloading equipment before starting work.
Places for loading and unloading operations must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.3.009-76 SSBT.
Loading and unloading operations can be performed by drivers only if there is an additional condition in the agreement (contract).
Prohibited:
Use car drivers as loaders for loading and unloading cargo, with the exception of loading and unloading cargo weighing (one piece) no more than 15 kg for men and 7 kg for women (with their consent);
Use faulty mechanisms and equipment. To avoid slipping, in places where lifting mechanisms, slingers, riggers and loaders work, ladders (scaffoldings), platforms, passageways must be cleaned and, if necessary, sprinkled with sand or fine slag.
If during loading and unloading there is a danger for persons performing this work, then the person responsible for loading and unloading operations must stop work and take measures to eliminate this danger.
Loads may only be taken from the top of a stack or heap. Cargoes transported by cars are divided into three categories by weight, and into four groups by the degree of danger during loading, unloading and transportation.
Cargo groups:
1 - low-hazard (building materials, food products, etc.);
2 - dangerous in size;
3 - dusty or hot (cement, mineral fertilizers, asphalt, bitumen, etc.);
4 - dangerous goods in accordance with GOST 19433-88 "Dangerous goods. Classification and marking."
Dangerous goods are divided into classes:
class 1 - explosives;
class 2 - compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases under pressure;
class 3 - flammable liquids;
class 4 - flammable substances and materials;
class 5 - oxidizing substances and organic peroxides;
class 6 - poisonous (toxic) substances;
class 7 - radioactive substances;
class 8 - caustic and corrosive substances;
class 9 - other dangerous goods that are not included in any of the previous classes due to their properties.
Transportation of dangerous goods is carried out in accordance with the "Rules for the transportation of dangerous goods by road", approved by order No. 73 of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated 08.08.95.
The movement of category 1 cargo from the warehouse to the loading place or from the unloading place to the warehouse can be organized manually if the horizontal distance does not exceed 25 m, and for bulk cargo (transported in bulk) - 3.5 m.
At greater distances, such loads must be transported by mechanisms and devices.
Transportation, loading and unloading of cargo of the 2nd and 3rd categories at all permanent and temporary loading and unloading sites (points) must be mechanized.
When loading the car body with bulk cargo, it should not rise above the sides of the body (standard or extended) and should be located evenly over the entire area of the body.
Piece cargo that rises above the sides of the body must be tied down with strong, serviceable rigging (ropes, cords).
Box, roll-barrel and other piece cargo must be tightly packed, without gaps, strengthened or tied so that when moving (sharp braking, starting and sharp turns) it cannot move along the floor of the body. If there are gaps between loads, strong wooden spacers and spacers should be inserted between them.
When laying cargo and roll-and-barrel containers in several rows, they are rolled along the slabs with the side surface. Barrels with liquid cargo are installed with the stopper facing up. Each row should be laid on spacers made of boards with all outer rows wedged.
Roll-and-barrel cargo may be loaded (unloaded) manually by rolling. If the floor of the platform and the floor of the body are located on different levels, then roll-and-barrel cargoes must be loaded (unloaded) one by one by two workers manually with a mass of one piece of no more than 80 kg, and with a mass of more than 80 kg these cargoes can be loaded (unloaded) using strong ropes or mechanisms.
Glass containers with liquids are accepted for transportation only in special packaging. It must be installed vertically (with the plug facing up).
When moving box loads, in order to avoid injury to hands, each box must be inspected first. Protruding nails and ends of metal drawer trim must be hammered down (or removed).
Dust-producing cargo may be transported in rolling stock (open bodies) equipped with canopies and seals.
Drivers and workers involved in the transportation, loading and unloading of dust-producing cargo must be provided with dust-proof goggles and respirators, and gas masks for toxic substances.
Workwear must be dusted or rendered harmless daily.
When working in respirators or gas masks, workers must be given periodic rest and removal.
The respirator filter should be changed as it becomes dirty, but at least once per shift.
In addition to the lunch break, loaders are provided with rest breaks, which are included in their working hours.
The duration and distribution of these breaks are established by internal regulations.
Smoking is allowed only during a break from work and only in a specially designated area.
Dangerous goods are accepted for transportation in special sealed containers. Sealing containers containing dangerous goods is mandatory.
Empty dangerous goods containers that have not been rendered harmless must be sealed.
All packages containing hazardous substances must have labels indicating: the type of hazard of the cargo, the top of the package, the presence of fragile vessels in the package.
Prohibited:
Joint transportation of hazardous substances and food products or feed cargo;
Smoking and the use of open flames when loading, unloading and transporting explosive and fire hazardous cargo;
Use a metal cable or wire to secure the load;
Use other objects instead of wooden wedges to wedge the load;
Carrying roll-and-barrel loads on the back (shoulder) regardless of their weight;
Be in front of roll-and-barrel loads being rolled or behind loads being rolled along slabs;
Roll loads along a horizontal plane, pushing them by the edges;
Load hot cargo into wooden bodies;
Transport cargo with ends protruding beyond the side dimensions of the vehicle;
Block the driver's cab doors with cargo;
Load long loads above bunk posts;
Attach long loads or bunks while standing on it;
Place loads in glass containers on top of each other (in two rows) without appropriate spacers to protect the bottom row from breaking during movement.
In exceptional cases, it is allowed to carry materials on a stretcher along a horizontal path at a distance of 50 m.
It is prohibited to carry materials on a stretcher along ladders or ladders.
The driver of the vehicle is obliged to check the suitability of the stowage and reliability of fastening the load on the rolling stock and demand that any irregularities be corrected.
Special attention Consideration should be given to the compatibility of the various loads and materials to be transported.
It is not allowed for people or vehicles to move in the area where cargo may fall during loading and unloading. The slinger and crane operator must have slinging diagrams.
Cargo stowage methods must ensure:
Stability of stacks, packages and loads;
Safety of work on and around the stack.
Loads on vehicles must be installed and secured so that they cannot move or fall during transportation.
Load-lifting cranes and machines, load-grasping devices, containers, containers must be in good working order, and transport routes and areas for cargo must also be in good working order.
Prohibited lifting, transporting and lowering workers along with the load.
When moving and stacking with a forklift, containers should be placed on forks in one tier. It is allowed to move containers with a loader into several tiers, ensuring that the stack is secured from tipping over and that the roadway is visible.
The top tier of the container should not be higher than the stationary frame of the loader.
Conveyors must comply with GOST 12.2.022-80 SSBT "Conveyors. General safety requirements." In accordance with GOST, the belt speed should not exceed 0.1 m/s. The belt speed during manual loading should be no more than:
0.05 m/s - with a load weight of up to 5 kg;
0.03 m/s - with the mass of the largest load exceeding 5 kg.
In-plant transport, loading and unloading areas, places of loading and unloading and warehouse operations, transport routes must have safety signs and color designations that meet the requirements of GOST 12.4.026-2001 SSBT "Signal colors and safety signs", GOST 12.2.058-81 SSBT "Lifting cranes. Requirements for light marking of parts of cranes that are dangerous during operation."
Persons at least 18 years of age who have been trained and have passed the appropriate knowledge test are allowed to work as a driver (crane operator), assistant driver (crane operator), mechanic and electrician for servicing cranes, slinger, signalman, electrician for monitoring the condition of elevators.
Drivers of mechanisms and machines with an electric drive (electric cars, electric forklifts, electric carts) must be trained in electrical safety rules.
All workers involved in loading, unloading and transporting goods must not have medical contraindications to participate in these works.
operation of production equipment in accordance with regulatory and technical documentation and operational documents;
The use of sign and other types of signaling when moving goods by lifting and transport equipment;
Proper placement and stowage of cargo at work sites and in vehicles;
Compliance with requirements for security zones of power transmission, utility and power supply nodes.
2.1.4. Persons who are not directly related to these works should not be allowed into the work sites and equipment. It is not allowed for people to be present or for vehicles to move in the area of possible falling loads when loading and unloading rolling stock, as well as when moving loads using lifting and transport equipment.
2.1.5. Before starting work, the person working on this mechanism must check the presence and serviceability of loading and unloading devices, lifting devices and tools.
2.1.6. Lifting and moving heavy objects by women and persons under eighteen years of age must be carried out taking into account the norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually and the norms of maximum permissible loads for persons under eighteen years of age when lifting and moving heavy objects manually.
2.1.7. The movement of loads weighing more than 20 kg and over a distance of more than 25 m in the technological process must be carried out using lifting and transport devices or mechanization.
A mechanized method of moving cargo is mandatory for cargo weighing more than 50 kg, as well as for lifting cargo to a height of more than 3 m.
2.1.8. Loading, placement and securing of cargo on rolling stock must ensure the possibility of their safe subsequent unloading.
2.1.9. Loads unloaded or prepared for loading near railway tracks must be stacked and secured so that the clearance clearance of buildings is not disturbed.
Loads (except for ballast unloaded for track work), when their stacking height, counting from the rail head, is up to 1.2 m, must be located from the outer edge of the head of the railway or crane track closest to the load at a distance of at least 2.0 m, and when greater height - at least 2.5 m.
2.1.10. Cars must be delivered and removed to the loading and unloading points in accordance with the technological process of the structural unit.
2.1.11. Loading, unloading and preparing cars for loading is permitted only after they have been secured at the unloading front in accordance with the requirements of the Instructions for the movement of trains and shunting work on railways Russian Federation and fencing with portable signals in accordance with the requirements of the Instructions for Signaling on Railways of the Russian Federation.
Loading and unloading operations are not allowed during maneuvers with rolling stock.
The procedure for moving cars using small-scale mechanization, depending on local conditions, is established by instructions approved by the head of the railway department.
2.1.12. When opening the doors of covered cars, it is prohibited to stand against the doors in order to avoid falling on the person opening the doors or on the cargo located in the car.
When opening the car door, loaders should be on the side and open the door towards themselves, holding on to its handrails.
2.1.14. It is necessary to close the doors of a covered carriage from the side and move the door by the handrails away from you.
2.1.15. When opening the sides of railway platforms, workers should be located at the ends of the side to avoid being hit by a falling side.
2.1.16. The sides of the platforms should be closed in this order: the end side is raised, while workers should be on the side of the ends of the side, and after one of the workers, while on the car, holds the end side, the remaining workers must lift the longitudinal sides. It is prohibited to stand against the side during these operations.
Opening and closing faulty sides of the platform must be carried out under the guidance of a foreman or foreman.
2.1.17. Work with load-lifting cranes and their operation must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of load-lifting cranes (machines).
2.1.18. For slinging loads, slings must be used that correspond to the weight and nature of the load being lifted, taking into account the number of sling branches and their angle of inclination. Slings general purpose should be selected so that the angle between the branches does not exceed 90 degrees.
2.1.19. To ensure the safe movement, tilting, loading and unloading of cargo, at each place where loading and unloading operations are carried out using mechanisms, slinging diagrams for the most common cargo, given in Appendix No. 2 (not given) to these Rules, must be developed and posted.
Loads for which slinging schemes have not been developed are moved in the presence and under the guidance of the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes, who determines the safe and reliable way slings. The mass of the cargo is determined in accordance with Appendix No. 3 to these Rules.
2.1.20. When loading and unloading cargo with cutting edges and corners, gaskets should be used to prevent failure of load-handling devices.
2.1.21. Before the start of loading and unloading operations, a procedure must be established for the exchange of conditioned signals (alarm) between the signal giver (slinger) and the operator of the lifting and transport equipment. The signaling used when moving goods by railway cranes is given in Appendix No. 4, and the sign signaling is in Appendix No. 5 to these Rules.
2.1.22. Before lifting and moving loads by crane, the stability of the loads and the correctness of their slinging must be checked.
2.1.23. When loading and unloading, the cargo must first be lifted by a crane to a height of no more than 0.2 - 0.3 m to check the correct slinging. If uneven tension of the slings and unreliable slinging of the load are detected, it is necessary to issue the command “Lower the load”, having previously placed spacers under the load, and re-sling. When moving horizontally, the load or load-handling device must first be lifted 0.5 m above objects encountered along the way.
2.1.24. During loading and unloading operations, unauthorized people are not allowed to be in the work area of the cranes. It is not allowed to lower the load into a gondola car, car body, or lift it while there are people in the gondola car, cabin or car body.
2.1.25. Methods of stacking and securing cargo must ensure their stability during transportation and storage, unloading of vehicles and dismantling of stacks, as well as the possibility of mechanized loading and unloading. Maneuvering vehicles with loads after removing the fastenings from the loads is not allowed.
2.1.26. When moving cargo using lifting and transport equipment, people are not allowed on it. People must be at least 5 m away from the turning radius of the working parts of lifting and transport equipment.
2.1.27. Moving cargo over premises and vehicles where people are located is not permitted.
2.1.28. The movement of cargo should not be carried out when there are people along the route of its movement. The slinger must retire to a safe place after checking the reliability of slinging the load and lifting it to a height of no more than 1 m from the floor (platform) level.
To prevent spontaneous rotation of long and large loads during their lifting or moving, guy ropes should be used, and workers should be at least 5 m from the vertical plane formed by the projection of the nearest point of the load onto the ground.
Prohibited:
Lifting a load that is covered with earth or frozen to the ground, laid down by other loads, reinforced with bolts or filled with concrete;
Pulling a load along the ground, floor or rails with a crane hook when the cargo ropes are in an inclined position without the use of guide blocks that ensure the vertical position of the cargo ropes;
Releasing slings, ropes or chains pinched by a load using a crane;
Lifting a load directly from the place where it is installed (from the ground, platform, stack, etc.) using a boom winch, as well as mechanisms for lifting and telescoping the crane boom.
2.1.30. The operation of the crane must be stopped when the wind speed exceeds the permissible limit for the crane, during snowfall, rain or fog, and in other cases when the crane operator cannot clearly distinguish the signals of the slinger or the load being moved.
At the “Stop” signal, the operation of the crane must be stopped, regardless of who issued it.
2.1.31. When performing loading and unloading operations using continuous transport machines (conveyors, transporters, elevators, stackers), uniform loading of their working parts and a stable position of the cargo moved on them must be ensured. Feeding and removing loads from the working part of the machine must be done using special feeding and receiving devices.
It is prohibited to work on the conveyor when the conveyor belt is skewed or when it suddenly stops, as well as to clean the moving belt and clean up spills under the conveyor belt or drums while the conveyor is running. While the conveyor is operating, it is prohibited to repair, move or change the position of the conveyor truss.
2.1.32. If dangerous and harmful production factors arise due to the influence of meteorological conditions on the physical and chemical state of the cargo, loading and unloading operations must be stopped or measures must be taken to create safe working conditions.
2.1.33. Places where loading and unloading operations are carried out, including passages and driveways, must have natural and artificial lighting in accordance with SNiP 23-05, OST 32.120 and industry standards for natural and combined lighting of railway transport production enterprises.
Illumination should be uniform, without the glare of lamps on workers. Types of lighting fixtures should be selected depending on air conditions working area production premises, properties and nature of processed goods.
2.1.34. At the sites for stacking cargo, the boundaries of cargo stacks, passages and passages between them must be marked. It is not allowed to place cargo in aisles and passages between stacks of cargo.
The width of passages between stacks of cargo must ensure the safety of movement of vehicles and handling equipment.
2.1.35. When laying cargo (except for bulk cargo), measures must be taken to prevent them from pinching or freezing to the surface of the site.
2.1.36. Dismantling of stacked cargo should only be done from top to bottom.
2.1.37. Aisles and storage areas must be leveled and free of holes and ruts. In winter, passages must be cleared of snow, and in case of icing, sprinkled with sand, slag or other anti-slip materials.
2.1.38. For access (ascent) to the workplace, sidewalks, stairs, bridges, and ladders that meet safety requirements must be provided.
2.1.39. When loading cargo onto a vehicle, the driver of the vehicle must leave the cab and direct the placement of the cargo in the back. The cargo in the body is placed on pads. The slingers (loaders) carry out lashing and securing the load in the body according to the instructions of the driver. You can climb into the body of the machine to unhook the slings or check the condition of the load only after the load has been lowered and the slings have been loosened or the forks of the loader are outside the body.
When loading a car, the load should not rise above the roadway by more than 3.8 m and have a width of no more than 2.5 m.
At least two employees are allowed to open and close the sides of the vehicle body. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the cargo is located safely.
2.1.40. The platform side lock must be opened first in the middle, then at the ends of the platform. The worker must be at a distance of at least 1 m from the side of the platform.
2.1.41. On electrified tracks, it is prohibited to climb onto the roofs of cars, onto loaded platforms, gondola cars and containers.
2.1.42. Sites for intermediate storage of goods must be located at a distance of at least 2.5 m from railways and roads.
2.1.43. During intermediate storage of cargo, measures and means must be provided to ensure the stability and reliability of the stowed cargo.
2.1.44. Loading and unloading operations must be carried out in special clothing and safety shoes using protective and safety equipment.
When loading and unloading dusty cargo, dust respirators (ShB-1, U-2K, F-62Sh, Astra-2) and safety glasses must be used, and when working with dangerous goods, filtering gas respirators of the RPG-67 type, RU-60MU respirators must be used. with anti-gas cartridges (A, B, KD, D, G depending on the loads).
When using respirators, their filters should be changed as they become dirty, but at least once per work shift.
Specific types and brands of respiratory protection equipment should be determined depending on the type of cargo being processed.
2.1.45. When working in gas masks and respirators, workers must be periodically given a rest of at least 15 minutes. with a gas mask or respirator removed in a place free from dust or release of harmful substances.
The duration of rest is established by the administration of the structural unit in agreement with the state sanitary and epidemiological inspection center.
2.1.46. For guard skin workers must be provided with protective pastes and ointments against exposure to various harmful substances.
To protect hands from exposure to various fats, mineral oils, petroleum products, and organic solvents, protective pastes of the types IER-1, Elote, Mikolan, Biological Gloves and other hydrophilic ointments and pastes should be used. To protect the skin from emulsions, solutions of acids, alkalis, and dust chemicals, it is necessary to use hydrophobic pastes IER-2, Chumakov, 10 percent silicone cream, Selissky zinc stearate ointment and other protective ointments and pastes. To protect the skin from pitch dust, pastes TsNILGIS-1, TsNILGIS-6 and powder TsNILGIS-6 should be used.
2.1.47. When performing work at height, workers must be provided with safety belts and safety ropes. The safety belt and safety rope must be inspected before each use and tested once every six months. The test results must be recorded in a journal, and a tag must be attached to the safety belt, which must indicate the inventory number and test date.
2.1.48. If there is a danger of objects falling from above, those working at loading and unloading sites must wear safety helmets of the established types.
2.1.49. Workers exposed to high noise levels must be provided with personal hearing protection (headphones, ear muffs) provided for by GOST 12.4.051.
2.1.50. When receiving work clothing, safety footwear and other personal protective equipment and subsequently during repeated instructions at the workplace, workers must be instructed on the procedure for using these equipment, checking their serviceability and familiarized with the requirements for their care.
Workers wearing faulty and contaminated workwear and other faulty personal protective equipment should not be allowed to perform loading and unloading operations.
2.1.51. All personal protective equipment must be subject to periodic control inspections and tests in the manner and within the time limits established by the regulatory and technical documentation for these equipment.
2.1.52. After finishing work with dusty and dangerous goods, vehicles, trucks and mechanisms, equipment, inventory, containers, protective devices and equipment contaminated harmful substances, as well as places where hazardous substances are scattered (spilled), must be subjected to thorough mechanical cleaning followed by neutralization (if necessary).
The main means of neutralization are alkali solutions (3 percent caustic soda, 5 percent soda ash, 10 percent freshly slaked lime), bleach slurry (one part bleach to three parts water). Neutralization must be carried out in accordance with the requirements set out in the sanitary rules for the transportation of dangerous goods by rail.
2.1.53. After work related to loading and unloading of pitch, pesticides, raw materials of animal origin, toxic potent substances, dust-producing cargo, acids and alkalis, workwear must be subjected to dust removal and, if necessary, neutralization.
The neutralization of protective clothing must be carried out in accordance with the requirements set out in the sanitary rules for the transportation of dangerous goods by rail.
2.1.54. After completion of work and during breaks between work, the load, load-handling devices and mechanisms (bucket, grab, frame, electromagnet) should not remain in the raised position; the switch in the crane operator’s cabin or on the portal should be turned off and locked.
Upon completion of the tower, portal, gantry crane and the bridge loader, the control cabin must be locked, the crane must be secured with all anti-theft devices on it.
2.1.55. After completing the work, it is necessary to put the workplace in order, passages and passages must be free and of the established dimensions, loading and unloading equipment, tools and devices must be cleaned, put in order and stored.
All comments and malfunctions identified during work must be reported to the work manager (foreman, foreman) and shift worker.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
WHEN PERFORMING LOADING AND UNLOADING WORKS
This instruction on labor protection during loading and unloading operations was developed on the basis of the “Rules on labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of cargo” (Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection dated September 17, 2014 No. 642n).
1. GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Work on loading, unloading and moving various cargoes occurs in a variety of conditions and is carried out in various ways: manually, using the simplest devices and vehicles. Incorrect methods of performing loading and unloading operations, incorrect installation and stacking of loads, careless handling of flammable and toxic materials, and improper use of lifting devices and vehicles can lead to accidents. All these circumstances must be taken into account when organizing and performing loading and unloading operations and transporting various cargoes.
Each employee working on loading and unloading or transporting materials must be well aware of and strictly comply with all the requirements set out in these instructions, and the administration of the enterprise must create normal conditions for work and provide workplaces with everything necessary for safe work.
While working, an employee may be exposed to the following dangerous and harmful production factors:
moving machines and mechanisms;
moving parts of lifting machines; transported goods, containers;
unstable stacks of stored goods;
increased air mobility;
increased voltage in the electrical circuit;
increased level of static electricity;
sharp edges, burrs and uneven surfaces of equipment,
tool, physical overload.
In accordance with current legislation, when carrying out loading and unloading operations, it is necessary to provide the employee with special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment, provided for by the approved standards for the free issuance of PPE.
An employee must notify his immediate supervisor about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about every accident that occurs at work, about a deterioration in his health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute illness.
Workers at least 18 years of age who have undergone a mandatory preliminary medical examination, labor safety training and testing of knowledge of labor safety requirements are allowed to perform loading and unloading operations and place cargo. Workers must be instructed by the immediate supervisor of the work on safe techniques when performing loading and unloading operations. and transportation operations.
Workers who have a certificate for the right to carry out work are allowed to perform loading and unloading operations and placing cargo using lifting machines.
Permission to work is carried out by the head of the department.
Perform only the work assigned by your immediate supervisor. In doubtful cases and when receiving a new job, ask your immediate supervisor for additional instructions on how to perform work safely.
The presence of unauthorized persons during work is not allowed in places where cargo is moved.
Smoking is permitted only in designated areas.
While working, you need to be attentive, not be distracted by extraneous activities and conversations, and not distract others.
While on the territory of the enterprise, you need to be attentive to the signals given by vehicle drivers and comply with them.
In workshops, pass only along designated passages. Do not walk between machines, machines, or over folded material, parts or workpieces. Do not cross or run across the road in front of a moving vehicle.
If people work at heights, walk around these places at a safe distance, because An object may fall from a height and cause injury.
When passing by or being near the electric welder’s workplace, it is prohibited to look at the electric arc. Failure to do so may result in serious eye disease and vision loss.
When near oxygen cylinders, do not allow oil to get on them, and do not touch them with hands contaminated with oil, because the combination of even a small fraction of oil with oxygen can cause an explosion of great destructive force.
It is prohibited to turn on or stop equipment that has not been authorized by the immediate supervisor.
Do not touch electrical equipment: electrical distribution boards, general lighting fittings, electric drives, terminals and other live parts; it is not allowed to open the doors of electrical distribution cabinets and remove fences and protective covers from live parts of the equipment.
If the equipment is faulty, you must inform your supervisor and call a repair service. You are prohibited from troubleshooting yourself.
In the event of an accident, immediately seek medical attention, notify your supervisor, and preserve the scene of the accident until the accident investigation begins.
2. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK
Put your overalls in order, remove sharp and cutting objects from pockets. Do not fasten clothes with pins and needles. The work manager must instruct the employee before starting work to comply with labor protection requirements when performing the task.
Take off wedding rings and others Jewelry. Shoes must be closed. Do not wear sandals, flip-flops or other similar footwear.
Check the serviceability of loading and unloading equipment and personal protective equipment. Defective ones must be replaced with serviceable ones.
Prepare your workplace:
the loading and unloading area, passages and driveways are cleared of foreign objects, holes and ruts are eliminated, slippery areas are sprinkled with anti-slip agents (for example, sand or fine slag);
the serviceable condition of lifts, hatches, ladders in warehouses located in basements and semi-basements is checked and ensured;
safe lighting of workplaces is provided for work;
workplace inspections are carried out.
You are allowed to start work after completing preparatory activities and eliminating all shortcomings and malfunctions
3. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK
It is not permitted to load cargo onto a vehicle without the instructions of the immediate supervisor of the work.
Do not allow persons unrelated to this work to enter the place where loading and unloading operations are performed.
When moving cargo on a trolley, the following requirements must be observed:
the load on the trolley platform is placed evenly and occupies a stable position, preventing it from falling during movement;
the sides of the trolley equipped with folding sides are in a closed state;
the speed of movement of both loaded and empty hand trucks does not exceed 5 km/h;
the force applied by the employee does not exceed 15 kg;
When moving a load down an inclined floor, the worker is behind the cart.
It is prohibited to move cargo that exceeds the maximum load capacity of the cart.
When lifting a load with an electric hoist, it is prohibited to bring the hook cage to the limit switch and use the limit switch to automatically stop lifting the load.
Loading and unloading operations are permitted subject to the maximum permissible standards for one-time lifting of heavy objects: for men - no more than 50 kg; women - no more than 15 kg.
Loading and unloading of cargo weighing from 80 to 500 kg is carried out using lifting equipment (hoists, blocks, winches), as well as using rollers.
Manual loading and unloading of such cargo is permitted only on temporary sites under the supervision of a person responsible for the safe execution of work, and provided that the load per worker does not exceed 50 kg.
Loading and unloading of cargo weighing more than 500 kg is carried out only with the help of lifting machines.
When moving loads manually, the following requirements must be observed:
It is prohibited to walk on stacked loads, overtake workers in front (especially in narrow and cramped places), or cross the road in front of moving vehicles;
manually moving a load weighing up to 80 kg is permitted if the distance to the place where the load is placed does not exceed 25 m; in other cases, carts, trolleys, and hoists are used. It is prohibited for one worker to manually move a load weighing more than 80 kg;
Lifting or removing a load weighing more than 50 kg requires two people. A load weighing more than 50 kg is lifted onto the employee’s back or removed from the employee’s back by other employees;
if the load is moved manually by a group of workers, everyone keeps pace with everyone else;
when moving rolling loads, the worker is behind the load being moved, pushing it away from himself;
When manually moving long loads (logs, beams, rails), special grips are used, while the weight of the load per worker does not exceed 40 kg.
The movement of loads of unknown mass using lifting equipment is carried out after determining their actual mass.
It is prohibited to lift a load whose weight exceeds the lifting capacity of the lifting equipment used.
When using lifting mechanisms and devices for loading and unloading, study the relevant instructions and rules for their safe use.
When moving cargo with forklifts and electric forklifts (hereinafter referred to as forklifts), the following requirements must be observed:
When moving loads with forklifts, the load is positioned evenly relative to the forklift grip elements. In this case, the load is raised from the floor by 300 - 400 mm. The maximum slope of the site when moving loads with forklifts does not exceed the angle of inclination of the forklift frame;
moving containers and placing them in a stack using a loader with forks is carried out individually;
movement of goods large sizes is carried out when the loader is moving in reverse and only accompanied by an employee responsible for the safe performance of work, who provides warning signals to the driver of the loader.
When working together with other employees, you must strictly follow the orders of your immediate supervisor.
When loading and unloading operations are carried out by several workers, each of them must ensure that they do not cause injury to each other with tools or loads.
When carrying loads from behind, the worker walking behind must maintain a distance of at least 3 m from the worker walking in front.
Carry long objects on the same shoulders. Raise, lower and dump long loads at the command of the immediate supervisor.
When carrying loads on a stretcher, keep pace with a friend. The command to lower the load carried on the stretcher is given by the worker walking behind.
Moving cargo on a stretcher is allowed at a distance of no more than 50 m horizontally.
When loading and unloading metal shavings, special care must be taken, since if the compacted mass is ruptured by rebounding shavings, injury can occur. Work must be done with glasses and gloves.
It is prohibited to place cargo on faulty racks, trestles, or scaffolds.
Do not stack materials in bulk close to fences and walls. The distance between the material, fence or wall of the structure must be at least 25 cm.
Stack the load firmly so that it does not fall. Leave passages at least 0.8 m wide between stacks.
When loading and unloading cargo, do not block designated passages and passages.
When loading and unloading bulk cargo, the following requirements must be observed:
Loading and unloading of bulk cargo is carried out in a mechanized manner, eliminating, if possible, air pollution in the working area. If it is impossible to eliminate air pollution in the work area, workers are provided with filter-type personal respiratory protection equipment;
when loading bulk cargo from a stack, it is not allowed to dig under the ground to form a canopy with the threat of its collapse;
When transporting dusty loads in an open car body, be sure to cover them with a tarpaulin or matting to protect them from spraying.
When loading, transporting and moving, as well as unloading and placing dangerous goods, the following requirements must be observed:
loading, transportation and movement, as well as unloading and placement of dangerous goods are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation of manufacturers for these goods, confirming the classification of dangerous goods by type and degree of danger and containing instructions on compliance with safety measures;
It is not allowed to carry out loading and unloading operations of dangerous goods if the containers and packaging are faulty, as well as in the absence of markings and warning notices (danger signs) on them;
places of loading and unloading operations, means of transportation, lifting equipment, used mechanisms, tools and devices contaminated with poisonous (toxic) substances are cleaned, washed and rendered harmless;
Loading of dangerous goods onto and unloading from a vehicle is carried out only with the engine switched off, with the exception of cases of loading and unloading carried out using a driven pump installed on the vehicle and driven by the engine of the vehicle. In this case, the driver of the vehicle is located at the pump control location.
When transporting compressed, liquefied, gases dissolved under pressure and flammable liquids, the following is prohibited:
smoke in the cabin and near the vehicle, as well as in places where dangerous goods are waiting for loading or unloading, at a distance of less than 10 m from them;
load and unload in public places in populated areas without special permission from the relevant supervisory and control authorities of the following substances: anhydrous hydrobromic acid, anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, carbon chloride (phosgene).
If for any reason loading or unloading of the above substances is necessary, then the packages with the above substances should be separated from other goods and ensure their movement in a horizontal position, guided by the notes on the labels.
Transportation of flammable liquids and gas cylinders is carried out by special vehicles equipped with spark arresters on exhaust pipes and metal chains to remove static electricity charges, equipped with fire extinguishing equipment and having appropriate symbols and inscriptions.
When transporting flammable liquids in separate containers installed on the vehicle, each container is equipped with protective grounding.
The use of flammable materials is prohibited for securing cargo items containing flammable liquids.
When loading and transporting cylinders, the following requirements must be observed:
When loading cylinders into a vehicle body in more than one row, spacers are used to protect the cylinders from contact with each other. Transportation of cylinders without gaskets is prohibited;
The combined transportation of oxygen and acetylene cylinders, both filled and empty, is prohibited.
It is allowed to transport acetylene and oxygen cylinders together on a special trolley to the welding station within the same production building.
Transportation of cylinders to the place of loading or from the place of unloading is carried out on special trolleys, the design of which protects the cylinders from shaking and shock. The cylinders are placed on the trolley lying down.
When loading, unloading and moving oxygen cylinders, it is prohibited:
carry cylinders on the worker’s shoulders and back, tilt and handle, drag, throw, push, hit cylinders, use crowbars when moving cylinders;
allow workers to work in oily clothes and with oily, dirty gloves;
smoking and using open fire;
to carry cylinders, grasp the cylinder valves;
transport cylinders without safety caps on valves;
place cylinders close heating devices, hot parts and ovens, leave them unprotected from direct exposure to sunlight.
If an oxygen leak is detected from the cylinder (identified by hissing), the employee immediately reports this to the immediate supervisor of the work.
It is prohibited to load cylinders with dissolved under pressure, compressed, liquefied gas, flammable liquids together:
with instant detonating wicks;
with railway firecrackers;
with detonating fuses, anhydrous hydrochloric acid, liquid air, oxygen and nitrogen;
with combustion substances;
with toxic substances;
with nitric acid and sulfonitrogen mixtures;
with organic peroxides;
with food products;
with radioactive substances.
It is prohibited to throw or jolt containers containing compressed, liquefied or dissolved gas under pressure.
Vessels with compressed, liquefied or dissolved gas under pressure are secured during transportation in the body of a vehicle so that they cannot tip over and fall.
Vessels with liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, a mixture of liquid oxygen and nitrogen, as well as flammable liquids are transported in a vertical position.
When loading, unloading and transporting acids, alkalis and other caustic substances, the following requirements must be observed:
transportation in glass containers from the place of unloading to warehouse and from the warehouse to the loading place is carried out on stretchers, carts, wheelbarrows adapted for this purpose, ensuring the safety of the operations performed;
loading and unloading bottles with acids, alkalis and other caustic substances, and installing them on vehicles is carried out by two workers. Carrying bottles with acids and other caustic substances on the back, shoulders or in the hands in front of one employee is prohibited;
unloading and loading areas are provided with lighting;
the use of open fire and smoking are prohibited;
carrying bottles of acid by the handles of the basket is permitted only after a preliminary inspection and check of the condition of the handles and the basket and by at least two employees;
If broken bottles or damaged containers are found, transportation is carried out with acceptance special measures precautions to avoid burns from the substances contained in the bottles.
It is prohibited to carry out loading and unloading operations and placing cargo with acids and other chemically active substances using lifting mechanisms, with the exception of elevators and mine hoists.
Barrels, drums and boxes containing caustic substances must be moved on carts.
In the cabins of vehicles transporting flammable liquids and gas cylinders, it is prohibited for employees not involved in servicing these transportations to be present.
It is prohibited for workers to be in the bodies of vehicles transporting flammable liquids and gas cylinders.
When loading and unloading piece cargo, it is prohibited to pull piece cargo from the middle of a stack or heap, as the cargo may collapse and cause injury. Piece cargo should be taken from a stack or heap only from the top.
Before unloading heavy objects, place pads on the floor so as not to crush your foot when lowering the load.
Cargo in barrels, drums, rolls (roll-barrel cargo) may be loaded manually by rolling or tilting, provided that the floor of the warehouse is at the same level as the floor of the wagon or vehicle body.
If the floor of the warehouse is located below the level of the floor of the vehicle body, loading and unloading of roll-and-barrel cargo manually during tilting is allowed along the slopes or slopes by two workers with a weight of one unit of cargo not exceeding 80 kg, and with a weight of more than 80 kg it is necessary to use ropes or loading cars.
It is prohibited to stand in front of rolling loads or behind roll-barrel loads being rolled along slopes.
When loading cargo into the body of a vehicle, the following requirements must be observed:
when loading in bulk, the cargo is located evenly over the entire floor area of the body and should not rise above the sides of the body (standard or extended);
piece cargo that rises above the side of the vehicle body is tied with rigging (ropes and other strapping materials in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer). Workers tying loads are on the loading and unloading area;
box, barrel and other piece goods are stacked tightly and without gaps so that when the vehicle moves they cannot move along the floor of the body. The gaps between the loads are filled with spacers and spacers;
When loading cargo in barrel containers in several rows, they are rolled along the sides or slopes with the side surface. Barrels with liquid cargo are installed with the plugs facing up. Each row of barrels is installed on spacers made of boards and all outer rows are wedged. The use of other objects instead of wedges is not allowed;
glass containers with liquids in crates are installed standing;
it is prohibited to install cargo in glass containers in crates on top of each other (in two tiers) without gaskets that protect the bottom row from destruction during transportation;
Each individual load must be well secured in the body of the vehicle so that it cannot move or tip over while driving.
Safety when performing loading and unloading operations and placing cargo in containers is ensured by keeping the containers in good condition and using them correctly.
On the container, with the exception of special technological containers, its number, purpose, dead weight, and maximum weight of the cargo for which it is intended to be transported and moved are indicated.
The container capacity must exclude the possibility of overloading the lifting machine.
When performing loading and unloading operations and placing cargo, it is prohibited to use containers that have defects discovered during external inspection.
When loading, unloading and placing cargo in containers, the following requirements must be observed:
the container is loaded no more than the nominal gross weight;
loading or unloading methods eliminate the appearance of residual deformations of the container;
the cargo placed in the container is below the level of its sides;
the opening walls of the stacked containers are in the closed position;
moving containers by dragging and turning is not allowed.
It is not allowed to sit on the sides of the body, ride on the running boards, the roof of the cab and stand in the body, as well as climb and jump off the car while it is moving.
It is prohibited to shift cargo from place to place, change seats, smoke or eat while the vehicle is moving.
While driving the vehicle, ensure that the loads are stowed securely. If the ropes become loose or the side of the car opens, immediately inform the driver, and only after stopping the car, fix the problem.
Manual loading and unloading of cargo exceeding the length of the vehicle body by 2 m or more (hereinafter referred to as long cargo) requires the mandatory use of ropes. This work is performed by at least two workers.
When loading long cargo onto spreader trailers, it is necessary to leave a gap between the rear wall of the vehicle cabin and the cargo in such a way that the spreader trailer can freely turn in relation to the vehicle by 90° in each direction.
When loading and unloading long cargo, the weight of which, taking into account the mass of the vehicle, exceeds the weight of the vehicle or the load on the axle of the vehicle established on the territory of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as long heavy cargo), the cargo is insured with ropes in compliance with safety measures:
when rolling a heavy, long load, it is prohibited to be on the opposite side of its movement;
When stowing heavy, long cargo in the body of a vehicle, you must not be on the front side of the long cargo on the side of the vehicle cabin.
Stowing heavy, long cargo in the body of a vehicle is carried out using a crowbar or a wag.
When loading cargo of irregular shape and complex configuration (except for cargo that is not allowed to be tilted), the cargo is located on the vehicle in such a way that the center of gravity is as low as possible.
Loading of cargo into vehicles is carried out in such a way as to ensure the possibility of convenient and safe slinging during unloading.
When loading long steel into a vehicle, its individual bundles are stacked parallel to each other without warping.
Each bundle of high-quality steel with a profile size of up to 180 mm is tied with wire harnesses with a diameter of at least 6 mm in two threads: for a bundle of metal up to 6 m long - in two places; at longer length packs of metal - in three places.
Each bundle of high-quality steel with a profile size of more than 180 mm is tied with wire harnesses with a diameter of at least 6 mm in two threads: for a bundle of metal up to 9 m in length - in two places; with a longer metal stack - in three places.
When loading pipes with a diameter of 111 to 450 mm onto a vehicle, adjacent rows are separated by at least three spacers made of boards with a cross-section of at least 35 x 100 mm.
When loading and unloading rolled metal from a vehicle, the following requirements must be observed:
When unloading rolled metal in the form of round or square metal rods in bundles, slings with hooks are used. In this case, the pack or rods are attached “to a noose”. After lifting a bundle of metal or rods to a height of no more than 1 m, the slinger must make sure that the sling is correct and move to a safe place determined by the work plan or technological map, and from this place give a signal to lift the load. This order is observed until the end of the work;
When unloading rolled metal in the form of sheet metal, you must:
1) place an auxiliary sling (undersling) under a load, the amount of which should not exceed the rated lifting capacity of the crane, put the loops of the sling on the crane hook and slightly tighten them by lifting the hook. At the same time, the slingers retreat to a safe place determined by the work plan or technological map;
2) at the signal of the senior slinger, the crane driver lifts the captured load to a height of no more than 0.5 m and the slingers insert the main slings into the gap formed, after which the load is lowered into place, and the auxiliary sling is removed from the hook and the main slings are hung on it. The slingers retreat to a safe place, after which, at the signal of the senior slinger, the crane operator can move the load to the stowage site. Laying is done on linings or gaskets. This order is observed until the end of the work.
Frozen cargo is loosened to restore flowability and ensure unloading. Such cargo should be protected from freezing in winter by:
dehydration of material;
layer-by-layer division of material with antifreeze additives;
material granulation;
adding surfactant hydrophobic substances that do not prevent freezing, but reduce the strength of the frozen mass.
Work on unloading frozen cargo is carried out under the supervision of an employee responsible for the safe execution of work.
Large blocks of frozen cargo are broken off using crowbars, picks, wedges, and jackhammers.
It is prohibited to be in the receiving device or in the body of the rolling stock while unloading machines of all types are operating.
Manual loading of barrels of petroleum products onto a vehicle is permitted when the barrels weigh no more than 100 kg and when rolling along slopes with an inclination of no more than 30°.
When working with petroleum products, the use of open fire and smoking is prohibited.
The load on the pallet should not protrude more than 20 mm on each side of the pallet; for boxes with a length of more than 500 mm, this distance can be increased to 70 mm;
It is prohibited to place long cargo diagonally in the body, leaving the ends protruding beyond the side dimensions of the vehicle, or to block the vehicle cabin doors with the cargo;
in order to prevent the load from moving onto the vehicle cabin during braking or moving the vehicle downhill, the load is located on the vehicle higher than on the trailer by an amount equal to the deformation (settlement) of the vehicle springs from the load;
When placing cargo, the following requirements must be observed:
cargo placement is carried out according to technological maps indicating placement locations, sizes of aisles and driveways;
when placing cargo, it is prohibited to block approaches to fire-fighting equipment, hydrants and exits from premises;
placement of cargo (including at loading and unloading areas and in temporary storage areas) close to the walls of the building, columns and equipment, stacking stacks is not allowed;
the distance between the load and the wall, column, ceiling of the building is at least 1 m, between the load and the lamp - at least 0.5 m;
the height of the stack during manual loading should not exceed 3 m, when using mechanisms for lifting the load - 6 m. The width of the passages between the stacks is determined by the dimensions of the vehicles, transported goods and loading and unloading machines;
cargo in containers and bales is stacked in stable stacks; cargo in bags and sacks is stacked in a dressing. It is prohibited to stack cargo in torn containers;
boxes and bales in closed warehouses are placed ensuring the width of the main aisle is at least 3 - 5 m;
cargo stored in bulk is placed in stacks with a slope steepness corresponding to the angle of repose for of this material. If necessary, such stacks are fenced with protective bars;
large and heavy loads are placed in one row on pads;
placed loads are stacked in such a way as to prevent the possibility of them falling, tipping over, or falling apart, and to ensure the accessibility and safety of their removal;
When placing cargo (except for bulk cargo), measures are taken to prevent them from pinching or freezing to the surface of the site.
When placing cargo in warehouses with an area of up to 100 m 2 It is allowed to place cargo on racks and in bulk in stacks close to the side walls of the premises and to the walls opposite the entrances to the premises, provided that there are no mounted electrical equipment, fire extinguishing control systems, as well as hatches in the floor and cable ducts adjacent to the walls on the walls of the warehouse premises.
When placing rolled metal, the following requirements must be observed:
passages between rows of stacks or racks are at least 1 m, between stacks or racks in a row - at least 0.8 m;
Rolled metal is placed in a stack on pads previously laid on the floor. Placing rolled metal on the floor of a warehouse or on the ground of a site without pads is not allowed;
the height of a stack or rack when placing rolled metal products manually does not exceed 1.5 m;
ingots and blooms with a cross-section of 160 x 160 cm or more are placed on the floor in stacks or individually;
the height of the stack does not exceed 2 m with a hook grab and 4 m with an automated load grab;
When placing rolled metal in a stack or on a rack, square metal spacers with a thickness of at least 40 mm are placed between the bundles and bundles to allow the slings to be released from under them and for greater stability of the placed load. The ends of the spacers should not protrude beyond the stack or rack by more than 100 mm;
the mass of rolled metal placed on racks does not exceed the maximum permissible load on them. The maximum permissible load on the rack shelves is indicated on each rack. To avoid rolled metal rolling out, it is prohibited to fill shelves (cells) above the rack racks;
Long and shaped steel products are placed in stacks, Christmas tree or rack racks; pipes are placed in stacks in rows separated by spacers;
blanks of measured length from long and shaped rolled products, semi-finished products and finished products are placed in containers;
thick sheet steel (steel with a thickness of 4 mm or more) is laid on edge in racks with support platforms inclined towards the support posts, or flat on wooden pads with a thickness of at least 200 mm;
thin sheet steel (steel up to 4 mm thick) is laid flat on wooden pads placed across the stack of sheets. Thin-sheet steel in bundles weighing up to 5 tons can be stacked on edge in racks so that bends do not form at the ends;
metal products supplied in coils are stacked on their ends in enclosed spaces on wooden flooring no more than two tiers;
Cold-rolled strip is placed on flat wooden pallets in frame racks. The placement is done in tiers, with each subsequent tier shifted relative to the previous one by half the radius of the skein. The third tier is laid in the same way as the first, the fourth - like the second, and so on. Skeins in the upper tier are not placed in the outermost places;
It is prohibited to place rolled metal, metal structures and workpieces in security zone power lines without agreement with the organization operating these lines. Rolled metal and metal structures placed in the security zone of power lines if they are affected by electromagnetic field electrical voltages higher than 20 V must be grounded (except for cases where they are stored directly on the ground, conductive metal structures, overpasses and structures).
The electrodes are placed in a dry, closed room in original packaging on pallets in frame racks.
When organizing the storage of petroleum products, oils and greases in barrels are placed on a rack of no more than three tiers and no more than 10 barrels along the length of the stack. Wooden pads are placed under the barrels.
When mechanized stacking of barrels, the barrels are placed on each tier of the rack in one row in height and in two rows in width.
When placing petroleum products in containers, the following requirements must be observed:
the container is protected from direct exposure to sunlight and precipitation;
open placement of petroleum products in containers is allowed under canopies made of flammable roofing materials;
Empty containers for petroleum products are placed in stacks no more than 10 m in length, 6 m in width, 2 m in height. The distance from the top of the stack to the protruding structures of the warehouse floor is at least 0.5 m. The stacks are placed from the walls at a distance of at least 1 m; the gap between stacks is at least 2 m, and in a stack every two rows of barrels - 1 m.
When transporting and moving goods, the following requirements must be observed:
loads on vehicles are installed (stacked) and secured so that they do not shift or fall during transportation;
during transportation, the cargo is placed and secured on the vehicle so that it does not endanger the driver of the vehicle and others, does not limit the driver’s visibility, does not impair the stability of the vehicle, does not cover the light and signaling devices, license plates and registration numbers of the vehicle, does not obstruct perception of hand signals;
a load protruding beyond the dimensions of the vehicle in front and behind by more than 1 m or on the side by more than 0.4 m from the outer edge of the side light is indicated by the identification signs “Large cargo”, and in the dark and in conditions of insufficient visibility, except In addition, in front - a flashlight or a white reflector, at the back - a flashlight or a red reflector;
When transporting packaged cargo, packaging is used using pallets, containers and other packaging means. In packages, loads are fastened together.
when transporting long cargo with a length of more than 6 m, they are securely attached to the vehicle trailer;
When transporting long loads of various lengths at the same time, shorter loads are placed on top.
In order to prevent the load from moving onto the vehicle cabin during braking or moving the vehicle downhill, the load is located on the vehicle higher than on the trailer by an amount equal to the deformation (settlement) of the vehicle springs from the load.
When moving boxed loads, the following requirements must be observed:
To avoid injury to hands, each box is first inspected. The protruding nails are driven in, the ends of the iron strapping are removed flush;
if it is necessary to remove a box from the top of the stack, you must first make sure that the cargo lying nearby is in a stable position and cannot fall;
It is prohibited to move the load along a horizontal plane by pushing it by the edges.
When moving heavy loads, the following requirements must be observed:
Heavy, but small-sized loads are moved along the stairs of buildings using a cable along boards laid on the steps of the stairs. To facilitate movement, rollers are placed under the base of the load;
It is prohibited to be on the steps of the stairs behind a heavy load being lifted or lowered using a cable;
heavy loads are moved along a horizontal surface using rollers. In this case, the path of movement is cleared of all foreign objects. To bring the rollers under the load, crowbars or jacks are used. To prevent the load from tipping over, additional rollers should be placed under the front of the load;
when lowering a heavy load down inclined plane measures are taken to prevent possible rolling or sliding of the load under the influence of its own gravity or its tipping over.
Transporting workers in the back of a vehicle is prohibited.
If transportation of workers is necessary, they are located in the cabin of the vehicle.
4. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES
Stop work immediately if situations arise that could lead to accidents or accidents, and turn off the equipment in use.
In case of fire or smoke, call fire department by calling 101 and organizing extinguishing the fire using the available primary fire extinguishing equipment.
The victim or eyewitness of the incident must report each accident at work to the immediate supervisor of the work. If necessary, call an ambulance and provide first aid to the victim.
5. LABOR SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AFTER COMPLETION OF WORK
Tidy up the workplace, remove all tools and equipment to a storage place or warehouse.
Take off overalls, safety shoes, inspect, put in order and put back in place.
Notify the immediate supervisor of any malfunctions discovered during work.
Wash your face and hands warm water with soap, take a shower.
6. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS WHEN OPERATING FORK TROLLEYS
Servicing of hydraulic fork carts is carried out only by qualified personnel.
Carts must be operated in accordance with their operating instructions.
Before starting work, you must ensure that the trolley is in good technical condition by checking its operation at idle speed.
When lifting a load, the following safety requirements must be observed:
Make sure that the weight of the load does not exceed the lifting capacity of the trolley;
the load must be positioned so that the weight is evenly distributed on both forks;
slowly move the trolley towards the load, bring the forks completely under the load;
lift the load using a hydraulic trolley.
The cart must only be used on a level surface.
Prohibited:
finding people under a raised load and on the load;
transportation of people, as well as being in dangerous areas,
exceed the cargo weight limit,
transport unpackaged cargo,
ride on a cart,
brake with your own body,
repair the trolley yourself,
use carts in fire hazardous areas and aggressive environments.
The cargo must be stowed, the container, packaging, and strapping must be in good working order.
Transportation of non-standard cargo must be accompanied and the dimensions of the cargo are marked with safety signs.
When unloading, place stops (wedges) under the wheels of the cart to prevent movement and injury to the legs.
Upon completion of work, install the trolley in a specially designated place.
Report all malfunctions and violations to the work manager.
