What types of roofing windows are there - types and options for do-it-yourself installation. Window on the roof: how to make the right choice from the variety of shapes and varieties Window on the roof what is it called

On the roofs of modern country houses you can find original designs that look like a birdhouse; the variety of shapes allows you to design the roof in an unusual and beautiful way. This design called a dormer window.

Window openings located on the roof of houses and in attic rooms are called auditory openings. They first appeared at the beginning of the 19th century, and were invented in the second half attic structures, which are somewhat different from auditory ones. They are the ones that are currently most widespread.

Attic structures are created in a sloping area; therefore, they provide more lighting, despite the fact that they take up no more space on the roof than auditorium ones. The installation of roof windows is simpler.

The most common are dormer windows of a triangular design, roofing slopes theirs are cooler. At the same time, the front wall of this design is located on the same plane as the external walls, directly above the usual window opening. This allows you to create a harmonious facade; the structure does not stand out, forming a single whole with the walls of the house itself.

Scope and functions

Dormers are most often created on pitched roofs. Inclined ones are used to create natural lighting interior spaces located directly under the roof. They are also called attic.

Initially, these elements were created in order to be able to ventilate the attic space.

Nowadays, when attic spaces are increasingly being used, their functions have expanded slightly:

1. On pitched roofs they allow you to get out onto the roof, ventilate the room and organize natural lighting in the attic.
2. In small attic spaces where the roof is located quite low, they allow you to increase usable space. Especially when the walls start right from the floor of the attic or attic. At the same time, the approach to the windows is easier.
3. Roof with dormer windows looks attractive and unusual. Organizing them allows you to plan the room under the roof in an original way.

Design

There are 4 design options for auditory structures:

1. Antidormer- a structure that is located within the roof slope and is built into the roof. Due to this, the usable area of ​​the attic is reduced. This option is simple to implement and does not require additional costs for materials and increased waterproofing. At the same time, it is not very popular.
2. Dormer– located above the roof slope. There are many options for constructing such a structure; it requires additional reinforcement of the roof elements and the creation of high-quality waterproofing. This design method is the most common.
3. In the gable wall. The window is organized in the same plane as the facade; an end wall is used, which has the shape of a triangle. At the same time, the device does not require the creation of additional structures, which facilitates its installation. The entrance to the attic through this window is free - from outside the building, you can climb up the ladder.
4. Sloping window created in attic rooms, the designs and shapes can be different: rectangular, round, triangular. They are located in the plane of the roof itself.
5. Clerestory– the window is completely made of glass, which allows you to create the most effective natural lighting of the internal under-roof space. Most often, such structures are used in industrial buildings.

SNiP

There are certain design and installation requirements dormer windows, which are specified in SNiPs. Norms and rules help ensure maximum reliability of the structure, its durability and safety.

Key points:

1. Installation can be done only if the roof slope has an angle of at least 35 degrees.
2. Their location must be created at a certain distance relatively outer wall the buildings.
3. Minimum door sizes set within the following limits: 0.6*0.8 meters.
4. Facade hip roof , on which the opening is installed, should not constitute a continuation of the outer wall.

Cladding, according to GOST, can be made with the following materials:

• sheet metal;
• copper;
• tiles;

If the opening is larger than the established dimensions, it is allowed to design a balcony, which allows you to give the building a special elegance. Lunker windows have side walls and are usually designed in a glazed façade.

Types of structures

Currently, construction technologies are actively developing. Thanks to this, more and more design options for openings are emerging.

But the most common types are as follows:

1. Constructions in a gable roof.
2. Oblique(attic).
3. Clerestory.
4. Dormer. Depending on the type of roof, there are subtypes of this type:
   
   • triangular and quadrangular;
   • single-slope and double-slope;
   • trapezoidal;
   • hip;
   • panoramic (from separate segments, created on a trapezoidal roof);
   • flat;
   • arched;
5. Antidormer.

Design

The frame is installed according to this scheme

Creating a project for erecting a roof with dormer windows is mandatory. During the design process, it is necessary to take into account some mandatory nuances.

There are certain rules for the placement of structures, non-compliance with which, as practice shows, leads to problems during the operation of the roof:

1. They should not be placed near the ridge, cornice, and also close to the gables.
2. If multiple openings are created, then the distance between them must be maintained at least 0.8 meters. This will allow you to freely carry out preventive inspections of the roof and prevent snow from accumulating on the roof.

The location and shape of these elements is chosen according to the personal preference of the property owner, the choice may be determined fashion trends in the real estate market, as well as the main goal pursued when creating window openings on the roof - they will be used practically or only as decorative elements.

Advice! This architectural element complicates the construction of the roof. The level of complexity will depend on the type of window design chosen and the roofing material. It is better to entrust the construction of a roof with dormer windows to professional roofers.

An exact drawing of such an element must be reproduced on paper. For this purpose, all measurements are carefully taken. The quantity and dimensions directly depend on the area of ​​the roof space.

The basic rule to consider when making calculations is the following:

If you sum up the width of all the window openings that are created on the roof, the final sum should be greater than the length of the attic, divided in half.

Windows can be in one or two rows. The lower edge can be at least 0.8 meters from the attic floor level, and the location of the upper edge depends on the height in the room.

DIY construction technology

The construction of a roof with these elements should be approached with all responsibility:

1. A scale sketch is created. The width of the opening equal to the distance between the rafters will be ideal.
2. If such a roof is installed in multi-storey building , permission is required.

For installation you will need:

• nails of different sizes;
• triangle and protractor;
• roulette;
• vice;
• hacksaw;
• chisel;
• film;
• timber (material measuring 10*5 centimeters is most often used);
• window (it is better to buy one that does not require complex maintenance);

To create a standard dormer window, you need to go through certain steps.

The work plan is as follows:

1. Plot where work is carried out should be protected.
2. Below the working hole bridges are created.
3. Warning signs posted below, notifying that dangerous work is underway.
4. The frame is being built window opening.
5. Installation in progress window.

Creating a hole:

1. Two support beams are cut from timber, which are placed between the beams. They are secured on both sides with nails.
2. Two more beams are cut to create reinforcement, they are placed between the outer beams; a vice is used for this. We also nail them.

Creating a reinforced structure for corner risers:

1. A piece of timber is cut for the lower support. Its length should be equal to the width of the hearing aid + 20 centimeters. Attach it from below, parallel to the support beam, directly to the floor. It should protrude onto the borders of the beam from both sides in equal parts.
2. Two more pieces (for one and the other side) are cut a little longer in length than the distance between the roof and the floor. Marks are made on them at the locations of the reinforcing beams. The timber is cut according to these marks.

Installing a corner post:

1. Measure two beams, the size should be slightly larger than the height of the future window. Each of them is nailed in two places - to the reinforcing beam and to the support located below.
2. Top reinforcement structure it is placed on a reinforcing beam, at the same time, it is pressed close to the post running in the corner, then it is nailed to this post. To strengthen it you need to use a vice. The lower structure is attached in a similar way. Work is carried out on both sides in order.

The corner posts are aligned:

1. Timber being cut width to the depth of the window, adding 25 centimeters. One end is applied to the support beam, the other to the corner structure. The horizontal position is checked, after which the beam is cut at the bottom of the segment at the point of contact with the post and the reinforcing beam.

The upper rod is installed and the ceiling of the structure is formed:

1. The beam is measured with a length equal to the distance between the ends of the outer corner posts. It is installed on the sections of the posts and secured with nails. And the side ceiling becomes a block that was used to level the corner posts.

Creating a window sill:

1. The clearance between the posts is measured, take a beam 2 centimeters more than this distance. IN corner posts grooves are cut for the window sill, depth - 1 centimeter. These places need to be thoroughly cleaned.
2. Next, the window sill is inserted into the prepared grooves and fastened with nails. The window sill is fixed with two more pieces, which are also nailed.
3. Transverse ceiling beams are attached to the roof side. There are only three of them, the length is equal to the distance along the inner edges of the beams on the sides. They are attached in increments of 40 centimeters to the side ceilings. Then they nail side racks at the same interval. All that remains is to sheathe the structure.

Roof installation:

1. The number of slanting slats for the roof is calculated as follows: The width of the roof is divided into 30 centimeters. The bars are cut to the obtained length. Stepping back a centimeter from the ends, draw a line diagonally on each element. An incision is made along these lines.
2. Tapered planks are installed with the flat side down, the wide end faces the house, and the narrow end is laid on the side ceiling. All the planks are attached in turn, the distance between them is 2.5 centimeters. Plywood or chipboard is fixed on top of this structure.
3. All that remains is to nail the covering boards and edge the roof around the window, seal the cracks with moisture sealant, and fix the drip strip. Then the window is installed.

One of the architectural elements of the house is the window. They are installed not only in wall openings, but also in the roof. They are used for both attics and attics, allowing for unusual and interesting lighting.

When equipping an attic, a mandatory element is a window that will be located on the roof of the house.

Is the roof reliable and aesthetically pleasing? It is important to carry out the preparation correctly, take into account the design of the windows, and choose an acceptable installation method.

What to prepare for work?

To make a skylight with your own hands, you need to prepare a certain set of materials and tools, which includes:

Before installation, you must purchase a ready-made window structure.

1. Ready window frame, the glazing area of ​​which is usually 0.7 m². You can buy the frame already finished form or assemble it yourself. But here it is necessary to have special equipment, since when installing roof and dormer windows, numerous conditions must be met. The window frame can also be assembled from wooden blocks, but if their shape is irregular or round, then without special equipment difficult to get by. The frame can be made of wood or plastic - it all depends on the preferences of the owner. The quality of the listed structures is almost the same.
2. Materials for insulation, waterproofing. Usually special PVC membranes are used, mineral wool, polyurethane foam is used, which allows you to isolate cracks and gaps.
3. A special window flashing that is used to decorate the opening.
4. Plasterboard sheets.
5. Materials for interior decoration of window openings.
6. Construction level, tape measure, simple pencil, metal ruler.
7. It is recommended to use special galvanized roofing nails.
8. Pliers, screw cutter, drill, screwdriver.
9. Fastening metal corners.
10. Chisel and saw.

For an experienced installer, making a roof window with your own hands is not so difficult. This requires 3 hours, approximately another 2 hours must be spent to decorative finishing the interior from the room side. A beginner will need more time. You need to be patient in advance; it can take a lot of time, especially if you have to dismantle a section of the finished roof and carry out insulation work.

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Procedure for installing a roof window

If the roof is equipped with a window, then all steps must be strictly followed:

Base for the skylight: a - side pillars; b - lower support beam; c - lower support; g - corner post; d - ceiling cross beams.

1. The finished roof window frame is supplied completely assembled form, it is not recommended to disassemble it, since the seals can be broken - the window will no longer be so airtight. Therefore, it must be removed from the packaging, and then carefully screwed on the mounting corners. The roof at the installation site must be equipped with additional strips; they are placed flush with the roof sheathing. The opening must be cut so that its dimensions are approximately 45 mm larger than the window frame. They are cut with a saw; it is necessary to determine the exact shape and dimensions in advance, since it will be difficult to fix a large opening. The roof may lose its attractive and neat appearance appearance, lose tightness.
2. After this, the window frame is carefully inserted into the opening. The sides must be secured to the roof structure with self-tapping screws. After installation, all gaps must be carefully adjusted, after which the structure can be finally fixed. Before this, all sides should be insulated and waterproofing installed. During installation, it is necessary to remove part of the waterproofing to the outside; the excess will then be cut off. Next, a side strip is installed and the excess is cut off.
3. Next is placed horizontal panel frame, it is attached tightly, gaps are not allowed.
4. Vertical planks and sub-planks are mounted. The strips are pressed tightly against the structure and then carefully closed with a lid in a horizontal position. The corrugation, which is supplied in the kit, is pressed against the outer covering of the roof, after which it is necessary to carefully bend all the vertical parts at the edges inward.
5. All excess sealant is cut off with a knife; it must be cut strictly along the wave of the roof or in a straight line - it all depends on the roofing material. The distance from the edge of the roof to the window frame is 30-60 mm if the seal is vertical. A value of 60-150 mm is used if a horizontal seal is installed.
6. The frame is carefully inserted into the prepared box. It is checked that all seals are made to the highest possible quality.

The installation process may vary slightly depending on the existing roof and window shape. Today, the following types of windows can be used for installation:

• dormer windows for single-pitched roofs;
• structures for hip roofs;
• French rectangular windows that have their own roof;
• arched and semicircular windows;
• triangular for complex roofs;
• built-in window structures of various shapes;
• dormer windows with front glazing;
• triangular frontal.

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How to choose a roof window?

There are different types of roof windows. To choose the right design, you need to pay attention to what roofing structures they are used for.

All window frames and openings differ in their shape and size:

1. Windows for flat roof. They are used for lighting residential premises. It is imperative to install additional gutters, as there will be a need for careful drainage of melt and rain water. Such structures can only be installed on those roofs that have a slope of 5-15°. Window structures can be solid or openable. The first ones are used when there is a source of ventilation. If he is not there, then better frame make it openable.
2. Quadrangular windows for double and pitched roofs almost identical to the previous option, but they can be arranged for roofs with slopes of 15°. There are no plans to have gutters to drain water from the window, but its design should eliminate the possibility of moisture getting inside.
3. Triangular roof windows do not have side walls, since this function is performed by the roof slopes. The appearance of such structures is attractive and unusual; the amount of waterproofing work in this case is significantly reduced, since there are fewer connecting points between the window and the roof. It should be noted that such windows do not provide a sufficient level of illumination; they are mainly used only for attics and attics where there is good artificial light.
4. Windows for semicircular roof elements. This option is considered one of the most attractive, but its installation also requires some effort and availability. special knowledge. The lines of the structure are smooth, the window seems to flow over the roof. Such designs are also called “ bat"or "mouth of a frog." For the construction it is necessary to use homemade frames, which are made to order. It is important to take into account full compliance with all roof shapes so that the fit of the frame is as tight as possible.

Dormer windows that are mounted on the roof allow access to natural light into attic and attic spaces. Such openings add attractiveness to the facade of the building and make it cozy. To date, many design options have been developed, they are designed in different styles. We will consider popular schemes for creating such systems below.

Dormer windows on the roof: considering the device

The structure located on the roof, which is a window, is called a dormer. There are many options for designing the roofs of private houses, if these are administrative or residential premises, sloping versions are mainly created. Such a roof has many advantages; often dormer openings are installed in them, which is easy to create with my own hands. The location and shape of these blocks may differ, however, they always perform the same functions.

A dormer window is an opening in the roof, different from the usual window; it differs in its small size and functional purpose.

What functions does this design perform?

1. Provides access to daylight inside the attic.
2. Allows the movement of air masses, providing natural ventilation of the room or under-roof space.
3. Allows access to the roof directly from the attic.
4. Performs a decorative role, decorating the roof from the outside, improving the interior of the room from the inside.

The advantages of a window unit mounted in the attic can be assessed by considering the following diagram:

• any thermal insulation, even the highest quality, invariably leads to heat loss that occurs in the attic floor. Air masses rise upward to be heated inside the house, where they collide with the cold roof covering (tiles, slate). Condensation forms on the under-roof planes, and moisture can destroy most materials, including wood rafters;
• a room that is not illuminated is damp, fungus quickly forms, mold develops, the spores of which, sooner or later, spread throughout the house;
• without penetration sun rays, lack of proper air circulation, the microclimate of the attic becomes musty, sometimes dangerous to human health: especially dangerous black mold spores can settle in it;
• strong wind allows the auditory openings to perform functions check valves. Such loads can break the roof and tear it from its location. This is due to the fact that the penetration of wind under the surface of the roof contributes to the formation air flow that have the ability to lift the edges of the roof. Dormer windows take on the load; the wind is more likely to disrupt their integrity than to tear the roof off the house;
• when the structure is large in size, has a massive roof, and, therefore, minimal risk of the roof moving out of place, such openings should still be there. Here they play the role of valves that prevent vibrations that negatively affect the condition of the building.

Types of dormer windows

The dormer window on the roof has increased requirements for the device. Such structures must be:

• durable;
• give required quantity natural light;
• ventilation inside the room;
• fit into the overall architectural ensemble.

Such window units have been popular for centuries. Their appearance is in dynamic change. Today, such buildings differ significantly from each other in design features, as well as design.

Sometimes structures are mounted directly into the roof; it is also possible to create devices with a vertical type of glazing:

• pediment in the plane of the building, but there are no side walls;
• there are side walls, a gable in the plane;
• with walls, but the pediment is outside the plane of the building.

Today, triangular shapes are especially popular, as well as trapezoidal, arched, with glazing along the entire vertical plane.

The location and arrangement of windows is chosen strictly taking into account stylistic decisions, as well as based on the location of the windows and the type of structure. If you do not take into account all the necessary factors, such an implementation will look alien on the roof.

Window design

To create a dormer window with your own hands, it is very important to devote enough time to design and installation. These parameters are determined by the requirements of building codes and regulations (SNiP P-26, 21-01). Regardless of the design features or style of the selected image, you still need to strictly follow building regulations. Only in this way can reliability, durability, and stability of the structure be achieved. Otherwise, there is a high probability of a decrease in the performance of the building in general and the roof in particular.

Key requirements of SNiP:

• installation is permitted only if the angle of inclination of the kata is 15 degrees or more;
• superstructures should be placed strictly according to the distance from the external walls of the facade, as established by the regulations;
• opening sashes located in the window can have minimum parameters of 0.6 by 0.8 mm, so the permissible size of the structure is up to 1.2 by 0.8 meters;
• when it is planned to create a structure on a hip roof type, which is a quadrangular opening, the facade cannot act as a continuation of the wall of the building.

The state standard involves the use of a variety of raw materials for the purpose of cladding a building:

• copper;
• tiles;
• sheet metal;
• slate.

According to the design features, the roof can be equipped with a protrusion or not have it, have its own roof, and a gutter for drainage. When the opening is large, a balcony can be built, which creates a particularly attractive appearance of the building.

Separately, it is worth noting that the windows are called “lucarnes”; they have side walls, and their facade is completely glazed.

Rules for installing dormer windows in the roof

In order to properly prepare a drawing of a future structure, it is important to provide for a number of important details.

1. The slope of the slope cannot be less than 5 degrees for flat surfaces and 15 for sloped ones. This is necessary to prevent moisture from penetrating into the attic room, because such degrees will provide a natural slope for water to drain from the roof. When determining the steepness, the climate characteristics of the region of residence should be taken into account (prevailing wind directions, intensity and frequency of precipitation, location of the building). Here it is important to choose the optimal compromise option.
2. The most advantageous shape is considered to be triangular; it is attractive due to the fact that the lines of contact between the window frame and the roof are smaller than those of a square or rectangular profile. Such formats more often contribute to the penetration of water into the roof space. A triangular structure, on the contrary, reduces the amount of necessary waterproofing work. It is important to consider that this shape reduces the illumination of the interior space, so the façade of the windows is placed in line with the wall of the house.

The location of the windows deserves special attention. Here you should start from the size of the roof, its configuration, and the general architecture of the building. The openings can be located like this:

• horizontally – on the same line;
• in a checkerboard pattern - in two rows.

Determining a sufficient number of these facilities requires taking into account special condition: the width of all openings cannot be less than half the length of the roof slope. The parameters for the distance from the floor of the attic to the bottom row of windows are taken equal to one meter.

There is no clearly regulated technology for the construction and installation of a triangular profile on the roof surface. As a rule, people adhere to general construction norms and rules.

Important details:

• It is prohibited to place such structures near ridges, cornices, and gables;
• structures should be built strictly between the rafters;
• minor sawing of part of the load-bearing beams is allowed, then the load should be redistributed on the rafters located nearby;
• It is forbidden to make a complete cut, otherwise the rigidity of the roof will be damaged and it will lose its load-bearing capabilities;
• structures cannot protrude beyond the external boundaries of the building;
• when several structures are placed in a row, an interval of 0.8 meters must be maintained between them;
• when determining the parameters and number of structures, it is important to take into account the rules of proportionality indicated above;
• structures must be installed in accordance with the rules of roofing structures: have rafters, sheathing, drainage system, roofing.

When starting such work, you need to take into account a number of useful tips:

1. The construction of structures does not require the construction of a separate frame, because they are in the same plane with the roof and are attached to the rafter system with special plates.
2. The frame is recommended for construction when it is necessary to ensure sufficient water drainage from the roof surface (this figure ranges from 15 to 20 degrees).
3. Making window systems yourself is not recommended. There is a high probability of making calculation errors here. It is better to purchase a ready-made PVC window and then install it in the chosen location with your own hands.
4. The selected design must be rotatable; it can rotate horizontally.
5. During selection optimal sizes windows should be taken into account climatic features region, as well as the location of the building relative to the cardinal directions. This is important because up to a quarter of the heat loss of the entire building will pass through it.
6. It is forbidden to make taps to prevent a decrease in strength load-bearing structure. Inserting a window into a finished building is only allowed by attaching it to the rafters. Nails, staples, metal strips and corners can be used for this purpose.
7. The higher the hole is mounted, the larger the area of ​​illuminated space inside the room will be.
8. Wood must be subjected to pre-treatment: for this purpose, it is impregnated with special compounds. This will protect the material from damage due to exposure to moisture and insects. In addition, before use, the material must undergo a complete drying process.

Installation of a window system begins with the project development process, it takes into account the following important parameters:

• choice of type of structure;
• determining the number of structures;
• development of sizes;
• calculation of load-bearing indicators of the entire structure and the roof in particular;
• choice of mounting options;
• preparation of materials used.

When all design and survey work is completed, direct installation begins:

1. First, the frame is assembled, then the lathing is made, with a pitch of 50 to 55 cm.
2. Now the ridge part is installed.
3. The rafter system is being installed.
4. When the process continues during the construction of the roof, the frame is attached to the rafters of the base structure.
5. When creating structures inside an already standing roof, a special place for the auditory object is first cut out. Damage to load-bearing beams is prohibited.
6. Now the frame is being installed, it is attached to the rafters.
7. The gables are sheathed with moisture-resistant plywood.
8. The waterproofing film is fixed.
9. The window structure is covered with roofing materials. It is very important to pay attention to the connections to avoid possible leakage.
10. The inside of the structure is sheathed with a special board for finishing works, or clapboard. Plaster or other building mixtures do not apply here.

Triangular dormer

When you want to make a hole in the attic with your own hands, it is better to prefer a triangle-shaped structure. This device is the most common; here a gable wall is installed without the need to recess it into the roof. It is important that it is located in a single plane with the outer wall.

The openings are located in a single line with other windows that are located below, on other floors of this building. Otherwise, the overall architecture of the building will be disrupted.

Features of triangular attic windows:

• roof slopes practically do not increase usable area rooms because they are located at an angle of 60 to 70 degrees;
• the advantage of the triangle is its high aesthetic appeal, which allows you to create a highly original stylistic layout of the attic room;
• A triangular window allows you to avoid waterproofing work; its location speeds up the finishing of the opening and sealing.

Structure frame

A roof dormer, as stated above, requires a frame (although this condition is not required, it is considered that it must be met). Before its construction, it is important to create a roof frame: erect gables, install the rafter system.

Where the structures will be installed, openings will be provided between the rafters.

Important! The rafter legs that will frame the openings are made double and even triple. This is necessary because they will bear an increased level of load.

SNiP stipulates that the gables of openings located in the roof require support by side walls. The latter are installed perpendicular to the external walls, deepening into the building; they have a height of about one and a half meters.

The frames of the side walls must be supported by the beams that make up the ceiling. It is mounted only when it is already assembled rafter system roofs. Only then do they tie the crossbars located horizontally, as well as the posts of the gable frames.

Subsequent work proceeds as follows:

1. Bottom ends rafter legs that are adjacent to the walls are cut off along with the wall sheathing. This happens because the gables are located in a single plane with the walls of the building.
2. The installation of jumper beams must be carried out strictly between double rafters. Experts advise using overhead-type metal brackets for this purpose. It is strictly forbidden to make cuts and taps; they can weaken the rafter beams.
3. Strict alignment of the openings is carried out according to the vertical level of the pediment frame. This is especially true for the installation of ridge beams.
4. The rafters are cut strictly according to the template, they are fixed to the ridge and the lower plane of the frame.
5. The cladding of the gables is made flush with the material external wall. As a rule, plywood with water-resistant properties is used

Valley device

A do-it-yourself dormer window, which has a triangular shape, is mounted in much the same way as installing a multi-gable roof. However, some differences during installation work are present.

1. The slopes have an inclination angle of 60 to 70 degrees.
2. Sloping rafters are used, and the rafters (shortened legs of the rafters) rest against them.
3. For installation, calculate the length, as well as the cross-section of the rafter beam of the grooved type; here the side walls and the ridge beam are combined.
4. Each triangular type opening requires a pair of mirrored symmetrical beams of this type.
5. To make shortened rafters, a special template is used, which significantly shortens the work process.

Bottom of dormer window

This plane requires special attention during installation work. It requires such an arrangement that the inner surface of the roof is hidden in it using the side walls. It should not be visible from the inside. Therefore, a simplified version of the groove is used here.

Its beam is placed on top of the roof sheathing of the building. The lower parts of the rafter legs of the gable roof will rest against it.

The final stage involves covering the structure with plywood sheets, and roofing material is attached on top of them. The plywood is laid and fastened starting from the ridge, from top to bottom.

When provided installation work with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself in advance with the rules for creating such structures. Calculation, arrangement, installation of complex, original types of windows should be carried out only by professionals.

Important Tips:

• Roof fragments should be cut out extremely carefully so as not to disturb the waterproofing layer of the main roof;
• cladding of wall planes having the “dormer” look is carried out only with the use of steel siding. It will allow you to get a presentable appearance of the building, in addition, it will stand out additional protection buildings from the effects of precipitation and winds;
• joints and connections of all structural parts must be treated with sealant;
• for construction quality window, requires the use of materials that are specified in project documentation. It is not allowed to save on size; this may be fatal for the entire structure; it may not withstand strong snowstorms, snow drifts, or winds;
• openings are allowed to be placed in several rows if the attic area allows this.

The creation of dormer windows involves a free flight of imagination, which will allow you to create a skillful frame for the facade and support the overall architectural idea.

A room located in the attic is called an attic. It was invented in Paris back in 1630 and the relevance of this architectural solution has not yet been lost, moreover, taking into account the growth in volumes suburban construction it is constantly being applied.

The attic structure should work like a roof

The design of the attic is determined by the type of roof itself. Historically, the optimal roof profile for arranging an attic room is the so-called sloping roof. The figure shows the ratio of the volume of this room in the case of a gable and a broken line.

Even with the naked eye, it is clear that the size of the room is under sloping roof, more than under a gable. It is also clear that it is larger in area than the one located on the ground floor, this is due to the design features of the house itself. Yes, and there are several of them.

Attic frame without insulation

The construction of an attic room implies that it automatically becomes an integral part of the roof structure. That is, the beams that are used to make walls and ceiling attics take on the load from the roof structure, making it stronger and more stable.

For the manufacture of an attic in frame house it is necessary to use the same materials that were used in the construction of the main walls and ceiling of the first floor.

That is, if 150x50 mm timber was used for the walls, then the same should be used when arranging the attic room.

The first floor ceiling joists are used as supports under the wall beams. Fastening is carried out using nails or angle and wood screws. The developer himself chooses how exactly to fasten the beams based on his experience and knowledge.

Subtleties of construction

The need to install windows complicates the life of builders; because of this, they have to either use windows that are designed for use in the attic. Another point that can complicate the developer’s life is insufficient natural ventilation, that is, it will be necessary to take measures to create forced ventilation in the attic. In addition, a complex roof entails increased labor intensity when installing heat and waterproofing. But all these difficulties are outweighed by the attractive appearance of the house with a mansard roof, and extra room never hurts.

Non-load-bearing elements of the attic frame

Non-load-bearing elements of an attic room include those used for cladding walls and ceilings, as well as for heat and vapor barrier of the room itself. In this case, it may be necessary to create an additional frame on the vertically installed frame beams of the room walls. To decorate a room, they usually use clapboard, the main thing is that when nailing it down, it is unacceptable for pieces of thermal insulation to get into the cracks.

Attic insulation

The work associated with this is associated with certain difficulties, namely, it is quite labor-intensive and complex, and some developers go to the extent of violating the order of work in order to speed up the work.

The thickness of the insulation depends on what part of our country the house is being built in, if we talk about middle lane Russia, then it would be optimal to use thermal insulation mat 150 mm thick.

In this case, a material such as basalt wool or its equivalent is suitable for roof insulation.

Some masters use . Any roofing material is suitable for covering the roof, but you must remember that there are materials that will require constant ventilation, such as metal tiles and its analogues. In other words, the developer will have to provide a gap of 20–30 mm between the metal tile and the film covering the thermal insulation.

Pie roofing

Theoretically, if all the details are observed and the work is done well, the roof should not allow moisture to pass through and condensation should not form. If mistakes were made during the installation of the roof, then the condensation formed under the tiles will settle on the surface of the film, which prevents it from getting inside the insulation. And after a while it will simply dry out.

The insulation is placed between the rafters and if the width of the board is less than the thickness of the heat-insulating mat, then you can either nail an additional block to the rafters or fasten a sheet of drywall, but in this case the surface of the sheet and the mat must be separated by special vapor barrier paper. This design will guarantee normal vapor permeability, in other words, the steam generated as a result of the temperature difference between the room and the inner layer of insulation will settle on the surface of the paper and gradually evaporate. To ensure its evaporation between the insulation and the waterproofing layer, it is necessary to leave a gap of about 10–15 mm, through which the steam will be removed.

One more small detail, to ensure the removal of steam, it is desirable that the roof ridge be cold; for this, small viewing windows can be installed in the gable; this approach allows you to avoid the formation of condensation even in severe cold weather.

Window

In order for the attic room to have natural light, it is advisable to install windows. Before deciding which windows and how many of them should be installed, you need to remember that a window located on the roof always lets in more light.

In the case of an attic, one large window will give slightly less light than two small ones installed at a short distance from each other. For greater efficiency It is advisable to place the windows as high as possible from the floor of the attic room, but it is necessary to take into account the height of the person who will live in this room.

When calculating the window area, you can use an empirical formula, that is, derived from practical experience. The ideal ratio is 1 to 8, that is, with a room area of ​​16 square meters, the window area must be 2 or more square meters.

Windows in the attic

Windows in the attic are located in the space between the rafters and are installed simultaneously with the roof. The window frame can be attached directly to the rafters.

If the dimensions of the window are smaller than the pitch width of the rafters, then it is necessary to make a sheathing for it, that is, add additional beads to the rafters and, if necessary, install a support beam. If the size of the window exceeds the width of the rafter pitch, then it is possible to either make cutouts in the rafters, or install sheathing under the window, as shown in the figure below

Roof structure

Balcony

A balcony area for an attic can be arranged in several ways, from the gable side or from the slope side.

To construct a balcony on the roof side, craftsmen use a window-balcony combination. This design is shown in the figure below. It is installed according to the same rules as a simple window.

Window-balcony in the attic

The balcony on the pediment side can have several designs, for example, the pediment wall is installed at a distance of two to three steps of the rafters, and in the vacant space the floor is laid and railings are installed flush with the roof section.

Balcony under the roof

If you want to do remote balcony, then even during construction interfloor covering beams can be moved to required length. By the way, to increase the reliability of such a structure, it would not hurt to install support pillars under it, exactly as shown in the figure below.

Balcony removed from the total volume of the house

Projects of houses with an attic

And this is a project for a house 6 by 4 meters, the total building area is 24 m2. Total area: 36 m2.

House with mansard roof 6x4
Plan of the 1st floor and attic floor

We would like to offer you several to choose from.
For example, the first option. House 6x6 meters, total area - 30 m2

Volume internal organization houses 6x6

Dormer windows in the roof of a private house are not only functional, but also decorative element.

Modern roofing Euro-windows have turned uninhabited attics into cozy, bright attics. Skylights transform ordinary buildings into modern architectural works, bringing light into the space and filling the house with fresh air. brought a new spirit to architecture, allowing harmonious integration into the façade of the building necessary for Maintenance hatches. The roof window allows designers to create a unique attic interior, romantic bedroom, children's room, personal office, bathroom, or an exquisite winter garden.

Types of dormer windows

European dormer windows meet a number of requirements and provide several advantages:

• During the day, natural light penetrates the house, which has a beneficial effect on general condition person.
• Roof windows are easy to install and save space in the room below.
• European attic roof windows are reliable, ergonomic and easy to use.

Before installing a skylight, you must select the type of structure. The following types of Euro-roof windows are distinguished:

Hearing structures are structures that are vertically located in the roof and are necessary for ventilation and lighting of the attic. Their installation requires separate construction of rafters mounted in the roof. there are:

• protruding beyond the roof (dormer);
• recessed inside (antidormer).

Sloping euro-windows differ from dormer windows in that they are mounted directly into the roof at an angle. Window windows were invented in the 19th century, and dormer windows in the post-war fifties of the 20th century. The inclined euro-window is characterized by tightness, practicality, high light transmittance and sound insulation. If there is excess penetration of sunlight into the room, the roof window is covered with canvas or blinds. The light output of an inclined euro-window is 35% higher than that of a pediment or dormer window.

Blinds are installed on the inside of windows.

The outside of the windows can be protected with roller blinds.

A gable window is mounted vertically into a gable wall using a gable collar. Gable frames can be opening or non-opening. Such models serve to increase visibility of the surrounding area.

Hatch window for access to the roof

The roof hatch should organically fit into the appearance of a private cottage. A great solution is a hatch window, which can be easily built into the roof and looks like a regular inclined euro-window. The hatches are in wonderful harmony with the appearance of the entire building and the windows installed in it. Types of roof inspection hatches:

1. The emergency roof exit looks similar to a slanted Euro-window. It is equipped with all the functions simple windows. Used for technical inspection and access to the roof. To open the doors, you simply press the handle and the hatch will open automatically using gas shock absorbers. Such structures are installed on roofs with a slope of 15 to 55 degrees.

Characteristics:

• opening angle up to 70 degrees;
• combined opening and ventilation system;
• laminated internal glass;
• outer layer – hardened surface treated with a self-cleaning agent;
• size from 700 x 1200 mm to 1006 x 1200 mm.

The roof hatch greatly simplifies roof maintenance.

1. The operational exit looks like an ordinary attic hatch-window and serves as an exit to the roof. Installed on roofs with a slope from 15 to 55 degrees, equipped with supply valve for attic ventilation. Opens outwards along the lateral axis.

Characteristics:

• Eurowindow opens with a handle;
• the hatch is equipped with a multifunctional double-glazed window;
• the sash can open both to the right and to the left;
• hatch size – 500 by 930 mm.

Operational access to the roof from the attic.

1. A hatch window is installed in the attic of buildings for technological inspection and access to the roof. You can select the opening type and side. Equipped with provisions for room ventilation. Installed on roofs with a slope from 20 to 65 degrees.

Characteristics:

• the lower ceiling of the frame serves as a step;
• the sash is fixed in 3 places;
• opening angle up to 89 degrees;
• size – 490 x 760 mm.

Attic hatches can have the most Various types opening.

How to choose the right roof windows?

When choosing a European attic window, you should consider a number of features:

• presence of moisture protection;
• presence of seals;
• profile or frame material;
• opening method;
• glass unit strength.

Design features of roof windows https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlwbG2I_Hss The design of inclined windows uses a single-chamber double-glazed window, which greatly lightens the load on the fittings and supporting elements. For European attic windows, a frost-resistant, heat-saving double-glazed window is used, which is filled with argon.

Sectional view of attic double-glazed windows.

Double-glazed windows made using triplex technology will protect attic inhabitants from accidental glass fragments broken glass. Since two glasses are glued together with a special film, which allows you to hold the fragments. The Easy Clean coating breaks down the dirt accumulated on the euro window under the influence of sunlight, which makes cleaning the glass easier.

Laminated triplex glass will provide excellent protection for your windows.

Important! It is important to pay attention to the location of the window handle. It should be at a comfortable height for use.

Additional options, such as: roller shutters and retaining supports will protect the house from noise, hail, sun and will serve as protection against penetration into the home.

Features of the roof window design

The simplest design of a recessed Euro window. You can use an already erected ceiling and install a window under the finished roof. Such windows can be installed at any time.

This design is not only easy to install, but also very practical.

A projecting roof window must be designed during the construction phase. The structure can be mounted for flat and gable roofs. On flat roof it is much easier to install protruding ceilings. The assembled side walls of the structure are covered with boards and covered with roofing covering material, which covers the entire roof.

This design can also be a good addition to the exterior of the house.

An internal roof window can be installed between the beams that support the roof rafters. Support board is installed between the supports, then the window frame is placed on it. A fixing beam secures the frame on top. The side walls and drain are covered with covering material, which covers the entire roof.

Installation of a roof window.

Installation of a roof window

After the final selection of the model and location of the European attic window, we proceed to its installation. Sequence of installation of an inclined window:

• an opening must be cut in the roof to install the frame;
• the roof is strengthened with additional lags and a frame for the window frame is mounted;
• insulation and waterproofing are installed;
• roofing material is laid;
• window unit is installed.

Master class on installing a roof window https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7mQz8E8v9A Before you begin installing a Euro window, you need to strengthen the roof structure and mount the frame for the window frame. Reinforcement is done using rafters located nearby. Jumpers are mounted between them, between which beams are mounted under the window frame. A window frame is installed into the resulting frame. The block should be mounted without glass. The frame should be installed above the roof level, which ensures water drainage. After installing the frame, it is necessary to lay a waterproofing coating to ensure water drainage. Modern models roof windows are equipped additional functions. These include remote control window openings, roller shutters and safety railings forming a small balcony. Dormer window on the remote control https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLKzwRMPCig

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, working with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy Cultures, specialty “Culturologist.” Teacher of history and cultural theory." Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to present. Editor: since 2016.

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