Repair what mixture to level the walls. Choosing a mixture for leveling walls

High-quality leveling of walls with building mixtures with your own hands will be a pleasure thanks to this article. In this article you will learn how to quickly and efficiently level curved walls with a special mixture. It will also be stated Full description wall leveling process. Very often, old houses have crooked, uneven walls, because at that time this was quite normal. Temperature changes, high humidity and ours harsh climate, leads to the destruction of wall coverings. If you care about how your home looks, then you should level the walls before painting.

Leveling with building mixtures

First, decide how you will level the walls? How? Using what building materials? You can level the walls using drywall or. If, for example, you want to hang wallpaper, then you can use two options: either using plasterboard, building mixtures, or plasterboard.

Making a plumb line

For do-it-yourself tiles, you should use building mixtures on a more rigid basis. Now we will learn how to level walls using building mixtures. Leveling the walls is a fairly simple procedure, but it still requires some skills. To begin with, in the upper corner of our wall, we hammer in a dowel nail, leaving about 3-4 mm on the surface. This is the first action that should be taken. Then we tie a small weight to the thread. It turns out to be a plumb line. Next, we attach our plumb line to the nail, so that the nail does not reach the floor. You should wait until the plumb line stops swinging. We get a straight line. We drive the next nail into the bottom of the wall. You should also repeat this from the opposite part of the wall.

After which you should take a thread and pull it from the end of the upper nail or the lower one, you should get a cross. The main thing is that the thread does not come into contact with the wall. All the troubles with threads are over. Now you should get a level stick or a long level, then use the level to check the evenness.

Now the most important point is the correct choice of building mixtures for leveling the ceiling; you should choose high-quality ones. After which you should do a test batch to avoid fakes, if everything is fine we move on. We fill the empty space between the stick and the wall. You should wait until it dries completely. After hardening, you will get a straight line, but be sure to check the level using building level. Carry out the same operation on the other side of the wall. Approximately 80% of the work has already been done.

The final stage of leveling. To begin with, we dilute the previously purchased approximately 10 liters, after which we apply a large amount of material to the wall and rub it in. Then we take a straight stick and level this mixture, moving it from top to bottom or vice versa, as is more convenient. If there is not enough construction mixture, add more until the wall is level. The corner should be trimmed with a spatula. This is the easiest way to level walls mortar do it yourself, but if you don’t trust yourself, then it’s better to order the work from professional builders. Which fulfill any of your requirements, but this service is quite expensive. This procedure requires great precision.

Leveling walls with plaster mixtures is an integral part of almost any renovation today. The very peculiar geometry of the rooms in our apartments leaves us no choice but to take up a spatula and eliminate the mistakes of the builders.

Even a non-professional can level the surfaces independently. But you will still have to face some difficulties. And the first of them is the choice of mixture for leveling the walls.

For this purpose, putties and plasters can be used, as well as adhesive compositions(the latter are often used, for example, for tiling). You must also purchase a suitable primer.

The choice of certain materials for repair will be determined by what surface you plan to apply them to and in what layer. The finish will also affect what mixtures are used to level the walls in each particular case.

Classification of compositions

If we talk about plaster, its types differ according to the type of application (for interior work and facade), by function (for example, there are heat-protective, acid-resistant, acoustic, X-ray protective mixtures) and by composition (organic and mineral).

Since we are now exclusively interested in mixtures for leveling walls indoors, we will dwell in more detail on the last of the parameters - the type of binder.

By composition interior plasters are divided into cement-lime, cement-sand, gypsum plasters. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Cement-lime

Lime gives the material additional plasticity, so this mixture for leveling walls on cement based easy to apply to the surface and has excellent adhesion. It also has antifungal properties. The material is cheaper than its gypsum counterpart, but has almost the same advantages, in addition, ready solution retains vitality for a long time.

Cement-sand

This universal composition is often used in damp rooms as a mixture for leveling walls under tiles. Among the advantages of the material, it is worth noting the low price, the ability to prepare it yourself from cement and sand, and the long-term viability of the prepared solution.

The disadvantages include the difficulty of performing the work (especially for non-professionals), the long time required for complete drying, and poor adhesion to concrete bases.

Gypsum mixture for leveling walls

In residential premises, gypsum-based compositions are most often used, although they are the most expensive of those listed. Their advantages: ease of use, excellent ductility, adhesion to various substrates, thermal insulation qualities, the ability to apply in a thick layer.

There are also disadvantages, for example, high moisture absorption (cannot be used in wet rooms). Ready-made mixtures for leveling walls have a short lifespan. And, as already mentioned, they are not cheap.

Primers, putties and other materials

Primers are required before applying the leveling layer. They improve the quality of work.

In most cases, at the final stage it is necessary to putty the surface. If when tiling it is enough adhesive solution or plaster, then putty is used as finishing walls for wallpaper or painting.

Finishing work requires mandatory preparation of the base surface. Repairing cracks, holes, strengthening collapsing areas is always present work during renovations in an apartment, house, or any building. It is also necessary to level the walls to suit most types decorative covering. The main and most common way to achieve these goals remains plastering. This option has a number of advantages, one of which is strengthening the entire structure. There are several types of plaster used for walls. Each of them has its own characteristics and is used according to operating conditions.

Types of plaster compositions for walls

Construction mixtures intended for leveling walls consist of a binder base and additives that increase their functionality. The following is used as a binding material:

cement;
gin;
lime;
gypsum.

Gypsum plasters and cement-sand mixtures (CSM) are used most often. They are characterized by good ductility and associated beneficial properties, which allows you to create smooth surfaces during finishing.

If lime is added to a cement-based mixture, the plasticity of the solution improves. It becomes more convenient to work with him. Such compositions are called cement-lime.

IN construction stores present finished products, packaged in special bags that help preserve the mixtures. Materials are allocated for initial (starting) finishing and finishing, for interior and facade work. They differ in particle size, constituent substances, resistance to external influences, and price. The materials sold are intended for manual or machine application.

You can prepare cement-sand and gypsum plaster yourself. This, despite the increasing time costs, can save significant money. Most often, they make their own cement mortars because it is cheaper.

Plaster and putty are different materials. The differences are as follows:

when plastering, the surface turns out to be rougher than after putty;
in the first case, it is allowed to apply a layer up to 80 mm thick, in the second - not exceeding 5 mm;
plaster is a material for initial finishing, and putty is for finishing.

Plastering refers to the “wet” version of leveling work. Before applying the solution, the base is always prepared.

Once the base coat has been created, the room can be decorated using decorative varieties plaster. The choice in this direction is very extensive. Mixtures are divided into the following types:

structural;
textured;
Venetian.

By composition material is used in mainly based on the following components:

acrylic;
silicone resin;
special glass.

Decorative materials are distinguished by their high price and excellent decorative properties. They protect the lower layers well. They are used for interior and exterior work.

Which plaster to choose for leveling walls directly depends on the conditions in which it will be used: outside the building or inside. This is due to the properties of the materials included in the composition: moisture resistance, strength, and the ability to withstand temperature changes without changes.

Comparative characteristics of cement-sand and gypsum mixtures

You should choose which plaster is better, gypsum or cement, based on the characteristics of the materials. This is due to the fact that each room has its own microclimatic conditions: humidity, traffic, temperature fluctuations and others.

A comparison of DSP and gypsum mixture is presented in the table below.

Characteristic	Gypsum composition	Cement-sand mixture
permeability to water vapor, mg/mchPa	from 0.11 to 0.14	0,09
average consumption per area of 1 sq.m. with a coating thickness of 1 cm, kg	from 7 to 10	from 12 to 20
moisture resistance (hygroscopicity)	humidity should not be more than 60%	moisture-resistant material
average setting period	about 50 min	2 hours

In wet rooms (bathrooms, kitchens), moisture-resistant gypsum-based mixtures or even ordinary ones are used. The last finished surface is treated with a waterproofing solution and a protective decorative coating is applied on top. It is easier to plaster ceilings with gypsum compounds.

If we look at it from an economic point of view, we get the following:

cement-sand mixture is cheaper (by about a third);
the consumption of gypsum materials can be on average 2 times less;
Practically it turns out to be approximately the same amount.

It turns out that from the financial side it is impossible to say which is the best plaster for walls.

The positive thing is that the gypsum coating dries faster and the next layer can be applied. But at the same time, one should take into account the short setting time of the mixed solution. After hardening, it is not recommended to dilute it with water, because the material will not acquire the required strength.

The cement mortar can be mixed for 2 hours. During this time it retains its plasticity. But you have to wait many times longer for the created coating to dry.

When carrying out external work and finishing wet rooms, it is recommended to give preference to cement-sand compositions. In dry rooms, it is more convenient to use gypsum mixtures, because they have better contact with the surface of the base, allow you to apply thinner layers, and with high-quality plaster and grout, you don’t even need to putty.

Options for preparing solutions at home

Ranok offers a lot to choose from ready-made options compositions. But when funds for repairs are limited, you have to look for another way out.

Mixtures for leveling walls can be prepared independently without much difficulty. This will be the most a budget option. But the time required to prepare the solution will increase. It is also necessary to take into account that the composition factory plasters, in Depending on the purpose of the material, various additives are added: antibacterial, antifungal, improving frost resistance, plasticizers and others. This improves their performance.

You can also add additives to the solution you prepare yourself, but you will need to purchase them additionally.

Options for the proportions of plastering compositions, taking into account common application techniques, are presented in the table below.

The process of preparing the material in order to level the walls is as follows:

dry ingredients are mixed in the specified proportions;
then add water and stir the solution, bringing it to the desired consistency;
then add various additives as needed and mix.

The work can be done manually with a shovel (and for small volumes with a trowel) or using a mixer. Even faster and easier is to use a concrete mixer. But the volume of the batch must be such that it can be worked out before it hardens.

In the manufacture of cement paste, the proportion of sand depends on the grade of cement: the higher it is, the more it can be added. Also, the proportions depend on the purpose of the solution: outside it is recommended to use a more durable option.

When preparing, you need to ensure that the sand used is clean. It is better not to use expired cement.

When prepared independently, you get cheap gypsum plaster or cement plaster, depending on the purpose of the solution. As practice shows, savings can reach 30%. Which plaster to use, ready-made or self-prepared, depends mainly on the price factor and the available time.

Application methods

Today during repair work There are two methods of plastering: manual and machine.

Technology for leveling walls with plaster mortars on a different basis manually is identical. The work is carried out according to the following scheme:

prepare work surface: remove old or defective finishes, clean from contaminants;
prime;
if differences exceed 3 cm, beacons are placed;
apply the working mixture;
the next level is thrown onto the previous one;
The steps are repeated until the walls are level.

The use of plastering machines significantly increases productivity. The process goes like this:

connect the mechanism to the power supply network, water supply;
pour the dry mixture into a special compartment;
everything is mixed inside the mixing chamber;
the solution is supplied through a hose under pressure;
The plasterer applies it to the surface of the base.

The machine monitors the quality of the composition. The worker adds material and applies it.

For manual plastering important point is compliance with work technology. Before choosing plaster, you should definitely take into account the method of application it is intended for.

An overview of plaster mixtures from different manufacturers is shown in the following video.

Ready-made materials for leveling walls based on gypsum and cement allow you to repair all defects and prepare surfaces for decorative design. Right choice mixtures, compliance with plastering technology is a guarantee of obtaining good result, extending the service life of the building. High-quality repairs require financial investments. Helps you save self-cooking working solution, doing all the work yourself. But such inexpensive option requires certain construction skills and knowledge.

Plaster is a material that is used for high-quality leveling, protection from the external environment or decorating the walls of a house or apartment, workshop or office space. Before using this mixture for the first time, you should figure out which plaster is best to use for leveling the walls.

It is with the help plaster mixture it is possible to achieve perfectly smooth slopes and walls, corners and surfaces intended for painting or wallpapering. It consists of well-known and safe components:

gypsum;
cement;
lime;
gypsum

In order for the building material to adhere better to the walls and have a long service life, it must be carefully selected, specifying the binder.

What plasters are best to choose for leveling walls?

To understand which plaster is best to use for leveling walls, you need to decide on its main types, which are reliable and safe:

Cement - no independent type plaster mixture, and the basis for two main types:

Cement-lime - consists not only of the main component, but also of lime, so it can be used for work in rooms with high degree moisture, it does not allow fungus to multiply, but sometimes becomes covered with cracks;
Cement-sand - consists of high-quality cement, which also includes sand of various fractions, it is not afraid of moisture, does not change its physical properties when wet, and can set in just a couple of hours.

Gypsum is a plaster for leveling walls, which is made from natural gypsum.

You should understand the characteristics of each type of mixture that is used in a particular room.

Cement-sand option

If the plaster for the wall is made on the basis of cement, then various additives are added to it to make it stronger.

If there is plaster for leveling walls based on cement and sand, then it has various positive aspects:

acceptable price policy products;
long service life of the wall covering;
the ability to independently prepare a solution;
ease of use;
lack of special skills when applying the solution, so this can be done not only by an expert in construction, but also by a beginner.

If you choose a cement-sand mixture, you must immediately decide on its negative sides:

as a result of applying a thick layer of plaster, the surface may become covered with cracks;
a reduced level of adhesion requires treating it with a primer mixture before applying it to a concrete wall;
The drying time of the cement-sand mixture reaches two or two and a half hours.

Cement-lime mixture for plaster

Cement mixtures to which are added additional elements, including lime for increased plasticity and long term operation. Cement-lime mixture for plaster is sold not only in dry form, but also in finished form, so you can choose the ideal composition for use in a specific room.

Experts include the positive aspects of such a solution:

the ability to protect against fungi and mold using lime;
increased plasticity of the mixture;
the coating is fixed tightly and does not fall off;
there is no possibility of a web of cracks appearing;
has an increased level of adhesion, so it is ideal for applying it to concrete or wood surfaces;
ability to withstand moisture;
resistance to chipping and drilling.

The negative aspects of the above material are weak compressive strength and high cost. Again, cement-lime plaster for leveling the surface is most often purchased ready-made, but you will have to pay attention to the composition and shelf life of the product.

Gypsum mixture for plaster

As for gypsum-type plaster, it is an excellent alternative to the cement option. The gypsum mixture is ideal for leveling the surface of walls in rooms with low humidity.

When applying a leveling or facing plaster mixture to the surface, you will definitely have to do it quickly.

The positive aspects of gypsum plaster include:

increased level of plasticity;
ease of application;
the ability to level the wall instantly after applying the mixture to the surface;
increased processing time for indoor walls;
high level sound insulation;
can reliably keep the room warm and prevent drafts;
high drying speed (less than 30-40 minutes).

When finishing with gypsum-type plaster, it will be possible to apply a thick layer of material to the walls, so experts advise using it as a finishing. To make the surface even and smooth, applying one single layer of gypsum mixture is enough.

There are few disadvantages to the gypsum-based mixture, but the problem arises due to the high cost of the product. In addition, this material is resistant to the ingress of any volume of liquids and can only be used when the indoor humidity is sixty percent.

How to prepare plaster with your own hands?

Purchasing dry plaster will cost builders much less than receiving it ready-made. A material is viable if it is made following all the basic rules.

For a cement-based mixture you will have to:

carefully pour the cement mixture into the water, and not vice versa;
carefully move the resulting solution;
when mixing, use a construction-type mixer or drill;
let the mixture sit for at least five to seven minutes;
After this, stir the mixture again so that the additives begin to interact.

IN cement mortar It is better to add water immediately, since it is strictly forbidden to add it again. A diluted solution based on cement and sand cannot be stored in a damp or cold room, but it would be better to purchase it ready-made, since it is quite difficult to prepare.

You can purchase a dry or paste mixture, or prepare it yourself according to the above rules. There are plaster mixtures for internal and external works, which are produced on the basis of:

acrylic;
liquid glass;
silicone resins;
marble or mineral chips.

These types are purchased only for decorative processing walls, while mineral types will be the cheapest, and silicate types will be more expensive.

Manufacturers rating

To decide which plaster is best to use for leveling walls, you need to consider the ratings of leading manufacturers. Before you go for building materials, you need to calculate them accurately exact amount. It will be necessary to purchase plaster with a reserve so that it is definitely enough to finish the room.

It is worth understanding the features of plaster mixtures from different manufacturers, based on the assumption that domestic and foreign companies produce equally high-quality products. There are various ratings of plasters on the World Wide Web that can be taken as an example.

You will have to select products based on personal experience applications and reviews from those specialists who have already used a mixture of a particular brand and decided on its positive or negative aspects. If you choose a plaster composition from Knauf or Bolars, then you should purchase putty and primer of the same brand.

In first place are in most rankings:

cement - PLITONIT T1+;
gypsum - KNAUF ROTBAND;
based synthetic resin— Caparol Streichputz.

These data are approximate, since ratings are compiled based on purpose and composition, cost and consumer reviews, expert opinions and other criteria.

Plaster prices

You should decide which plaster is best to use to level the walls, based not only on specifications, but also on pricing policy.

The price will differ depending on the brand of the manufacturer and what kind of plaster is required for leveling or finishing and decorative work. So for a bag (25 kg) of domestically produced gypsum plaster mixture you will have to pay 190 or 276 rubles, and a foreign-made proprietary mixture will cost a little more (starting plaster from Knauf - 225 or 310).

You should decide that the cost of a dry plaster mixture is more expensive than a paste mixture, and it is more profitable to buy it wholesale than retail.

Experts advise beginning plasterers to figure out which plaster is suitable for a particular room. You definitely need to listen to the advice of experts to ensure that the surface turns out just perfect, including:

It is strictly forbidden to use gypsum cladding on surfaces located outside the premises.
The gypsum version dries almost instantly, and using dried plaster is strictly prohibited, so the dry version is thrown away.
For walls made of fine-cell concrete, a special ready-made plaster mixture should be used, since it has a high level of vapor permeability and does not trap moisture inside the pores.
The method of applying plasters must be determined, since the option that is suitable for manual application It cannot be applied to walls by machine.
Before applying cement plaster, for increased adhesion, it is imperative to prime the surface with a layer of several mm and wet the wall surface with water.
In rooms with a high degree of humidity, moisture-resistant compounds are used; hydrophobic additives are added to plaster of this type, which increases its cost.
It is strictly forbidden to lay on gypsum plaster facing tiles, because it tends to fall off.
The plaster is the basis for applying the next layers of the finishing pie, so it should stick just perfectly.
Cement-based plaster mixture can be made in large quantities in advance, since it hardens for at least two hours.
Dry cement-based compositions will be one-third cheaper, so you should understand that gypsum and lime compositions will hit the builder’s pocket harder.
Before applying the layer, you should prepare the walls: apply shingles to wooden ones, remove dust from concrete ones and dry them, apply notches to brick ones, and treat stone ones with a metal brush.
When using metal type beacons, after the layer of plaster has completely dried and leveled, they will have to be removed and the marks will be masked.

Leveling walls with plaster is a relatively difficult and troublesome process. However, to do this work independently is completely It is not necessary to have many years of experience and be a painter-plasterer of the highest category.

You just have to put in a little effort and everything will work out. And with a successful outcome the result will be worth the effort, After all, a high-quality plastered surface is always a strong and durable basis for finishing.

But before you begin practical actions, it’s worth understand the theory, if you wish, spend a little time on the information below.

Why is this process necessary?

When it comes to facing works, smooth walls are invaluable, if not necessary factor especially when it comes to gluing wallpaper or laying ceramic tiles.

The flatter the working area, the faster and easier the workflow will be, and the better the result will be.

Therefore, leveling plaster is used to level wall surfaces.

If we talk specifically about the advantages, then alignment with wallpaper contains the following positive aspects:

careful appearance finished cladding;
absence of depressions, bumps, graininess on the surface;
uniformity of the wallpaper structure;
improved adhesion when gluing decorative coatings;
no diverging seams.

Now, as for tiled cladding. If you are laying tiles on uneven wall, trying to achieve an even coating using an adhesive solution, you can get pretty upset, and without getting a quality result.

Indeed, in this case, to obtain a single plane needs to be controlled by level each tile, which inevitably involves laying in different places different thicknesses of the adhesive solution. And if you make a mistake in any area even by a couple of millimeters, it will be immediately noticeable.

Plus, when laying too thick a layer of glue, it is possible that the solution will slide under its own weight. As a result, you will need to mix a thicker mixture and press each tile against the wall, waiting for it to fix in the right place, which will increase the period of repair work.

Read also about types of plaster for interior decoration premises.

Types of material

For rough work, or, in other words, for leveling walls, it can be used one of three main types of plasters:

Which mixture is better?

When considering this issue, attention will be paid to the three types listed above, namely, in what cases is it more appropriate to use one or another composition? In order to decide which mixture to choose, you need to pay attention to the material of the walls to be covered.

Cement-sand plaster – more Suitable for leveling brick walls. As for concrete surfaces, the quality of adhesion of the solution in this case leaves much to be desired. Therefore, when using such a mixture for plastering concrete walls You can't do without a primer.

Lime plaster, unlike the previous one has higher adhesive properties. This allows it to be used for finishing concrete and even wooden surfaces(shingles).

Lime – a component that protects the plaster layer from the formation of mold and mildew, which is an indispensable quality for finishing.

Can be used for finishing dry rooms gypsum mixture, the advantages of which include shorter drying period unlike the first two options, as well as the ability to coat the finished surface without resorting to additional putty.

Do-it-yourself leveling with plaster

The smooth surface of the walls is a decisive, but not the only factor among those that have a positive effect on the appearance of the room. To ensure that everything is perfect, when carrying out plastering works worth it too pay attention to the procedure for aligning corners.

In some cases there may be a need application of similar measures in relation to doorways. Below - about everything in order.

Walls

Surface preparation – mandatory procedure, during which the wall is cleaned of dust, debris and crumbling fragments.

You also need to make sure that there are no nails or other elements sticking out in the wall that may become a hindrance during the plastering process.

Once plastered the surface is completely dry, it needs to be leveled using gypsum or cement putty.

This is usually done in two layers. The first layer is applied with a wide spatula, then the dried surface is sanded and finished with finishing putty, which further serves as the basis for decorative coating.

Angles

Formation internal corners performed during the plastering process adjacent walls . At the same time, applying plaster along the beacons itself will allow you to achieve even corners.

When leveling, you need to ensure that a large amount of mortar does not accumulate in the corner. If excess mixture is still formed during the process, it should be carefully removed with a spatula.

As for leveling the outer corners, in this case the easiest way is to use a special perforated corner profile, which pressed into fresh solution, after which excess mixture is removed from its surface.

Doorway

If it is necessary to plaster the doorway, you can use the same perforated profile, which will protect external corners from chips.

Profile installed on both sides along the perimeter of the opening, securing it with a plaster mixture. The space between the profiles is filled with a solution, leveling it using the rule.

For those who are encountering plastering work for the first time and do not have any experience behind them, you can practice in small areas walls, mixing a small amount of mortar. This will allow you to slightly fill your hand and give you more confidence when carrying out larger procedures.

Look in next video— how to level walls with plaster: