Growing radishes is one of the most popular gardening activities. At least conditions you can get tasty fruits in a short period of time. It is very easy to grow. But there are still some tricks that will help the gardener grow quality fruits in open ground. The most important rules to grow radishes in open ground - this is proper care.

Spring planting of radishes

Radishes are early fruits that ripen in 40 days, depending on how early they were planted. Caring for and planting plants is not difficult. Even if the gardener has no experience. To keep radishes on the table all summer, you need to use special techniques. When are radishes grown? you need to know some features. Radishes are cold-resistant crops.

It can be sown for winter sowing.

1. The soil in which radishes are planted must be fertile and free of fresh organic matter.
2. When radishes are planted, long daylight hours create conditions for the fruits to form arrows.
3. The arrows are damaging the harvest.
4. A lighted area is selected for caring for and planting vegetables.
5. Before sowing, it is necessary to fertilize with complex mineral fertilizers.

Rotted manure can also be used as fertilizer. The soil along with fertilizers must be dug well. The bed should be prepared in the fall, sowing should be carried out in winter or early spring. It must be remembered that the seeds must be placed in the furrow to a depth of no more than 1 cm.

How to sow radish seeds

After planting, the soil is compacted. If continuous planting is used, then you need to use a marker with 5x5 cm teeth. When using a marker, the seeds are sown at the same time and do not need to be thinned. Some people plant fruits in a separate bed; for this they use markers with teeth, with similar crops. Some gardeners plant radishes along the edges of the bed towards other plants.

If a plant with different terms ripening, then you can eat radishes for a month. The “French Breakfast” radish variety has crispy flesh 22 days after germination, and the “Ice Icicle” variety has ripeness after 50 days. Thus, the fruits can be eaten from one sowing date within a month.

Harvesting early radishes

So that you can eat radishes in May, about this must be taken care of in advance. Need to choose open spaces on garden plot for early planting of seeds. Later, heat-loving crops can be planted in the same bed.

Experts offer several methods for growing first-crop radishes. To plant seeds, you need to choose only large and fresh seeds of early ripening varieties. The seeding rate is 4 g per square meter. Sowing of seeds is carried out depending on the region at different times. The timing is winter or early spring for temporary shelter.

Pre-winter sowing is carried out before the onset of frost in pre-prepared grooves. The seeds should be covered with thawed prepared soil on top. When spring comes, the seeds hatch very early, because seedlings appear at minus 4 degrees below zero and can withstand frosts up to 7 degrees.

1. Another method is to plant in winter.
2. Even in winter, it is necessary to remove snow from the garden bed, spread the seeds and cover it with a 3 cm layer of peat.
3. When radishes are planted in winter, this allows the harvest to be obtained much earlier than when planted in the spring.
4. If frost sets in, the bed with early seedlings needs to be covered, but more often shelters made of arcs are installed over the furrows.

If early radishes are grown for sale, then the best method is sowing seeds using a marker. With continuous sowing, you need to plant the seeds in 40 or 50 cm strips. This placement ensures constant care for the plants. The entire area must be covered with a film frame. We must not forget about ventilation.

Early sowing of radishes is produced into the ground when the soil has thawed by 4 cm. If the frost in the morning on the ground was stronger than 4 degrees, then the plants must be watered and covered before the sun's rays touch the radishes. Radishes grow quickly if the plant gets enough sunlight and moisture. The selection of root crops is made gradually when they ripen.

How to sow radishes during the summer

More often, gardeners sow root crops at several times, every month in the summer. Radishes, as a rule, go into decline at the height of summer due to increased light conditions. Therefore, in summer it is necessary to artificially shorten the day by covering the radish planting site with dark geotextiles. It is not recommended to cover with film, because unbearable heat will be created under the film.

The bed needs to be illuminated for 13 hours; only in this case can you purchase root crops, and not arrows with seeds. The summer heat interferes with filling, the soil becomes overdried, thus causing pests to appear that spoil the leaves and gnaw through the roots. In summer, the bed should be moist, loose and sprinkled with wood ash. enjoy insecticides Not recommended for early ripening crops. When to plant radishes a second time depends on the gardener.

1. If planting is done in summer, then the light regime for radishes must be maintained.
2. If the gardener has the opportunity to provide watering and daylight hours, then in the summer you can grow radishes using non-shooting varieties.
3. If the summer is too hot, then the growth of root crops is weak.
4. In the shade, the fruits will produce greenery, so the tubers will be small.
5. Experts believe that sowing radishes in June is irrational.
6. Planting fruits in July is recommended by experts because it corresponds to the biology of the plant.
7. In the second half of July, the heat becomes milder, sunny days become shorter, and the nights become cooler.
8. That is why in August many gardeners begin planting radishes for the third time.
9. Caring for and planting radishes ends at the end of September.
10. At this time, root vegetables late varieties collected from the garden for winter storage.

In order for radishes to be on the table in September, planting must be done in early August. Radishes can be planted in the vacant bed after the onions. The soil after planting the onions is well fertilized and loose. There is enough time before the onset of cold weather to obtain radishes. It is planted in August and early September in areas with warm climate. Root crops develop well even in early October.

How to grow radishes in a greenhouse

If radishes are grown in Siberia, then the first sowings cannot be done there before May. Therefore, the greenhouse method of growing radishes is widespread in this area. The fruits are considered predecessors of peppers and tomatoes in stationary greenhouses. Sowing of fruits is done so that in mid-May there will be the first root crops.

If radishes are planted in greenhouses, then it is necessary to select varieties that are not prone to bolting. Plants need to be provided with light. The gardener must thin out plant seedlings in a timely manner. The greenhouse must be ventilated, the soil must be watered and loosened on time. If you do not follow the rules for planting radishes, you will end up with a lot of greenery instead of a large fruit. In greenhouse conditions, radish leaves are very tender and can be used to make salad. In Japan, radish leaves are considered a delicacy rich in vitamins. In Japan, radish leaves are often used as food.

How to get radish seeds

Radishes are an annual crop; you can get the seeds yourself. To obtain them, the seeds must be grown through seedlings. Seeds that were grown in containers need to be transplanted into open ground after 35 cm and row spacing of 75 cm. Plants need to be fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

Seedlings must be protected from insects. The pods formed on the bushes turn yellow in September. These stems need to be cut and dried. Drying is carried out for two weeks, then the seeds need to be threshed. In areas with cold climates, the seed is grown in a container; in September it must be brought into the greenhouse and grown in closed ground. Threshed seeds need to be calibrated; only the largest ones are suitable for planting.

Proper planting of radish seeds

Preparation of the radish bed begins in the fall; it needs to be raised by 15 cm and organic fertilizers must be added. But you should not overdo it with fertilizers, because an excess can lead to a decrease in yield. In the spring, when the snow melts, you can apply mineral fertilizers. When the remaining snow melts, it will enrich the soil with the necessary microelements. Potassium fertilizers should not be used because they will make the root crops weak.

1. When using potassium fertilizers, all the radishes go to the arrow.
2. Beds for radishes must be located in a warm and sunny place.
3. In order for the soil in the garden bed to warm up faster, it needs to be covered with black polyethylene for 2 weeks.
4. Before planting seeds, the film must be removed.
5. The bed must be dug up to the depth of a spade.

After these simple manipulations, you can plant the seeds.

How do plants fit together?

When planting radishes, you need to remember that all plants are distributed according to the law of compatibility. If this law is violated, you may be left without a harvest.

Radishes should be planted next to head lettuce; it will prevent the earth flea from causing damage to the radishes. If the fruits are surrounded by beans, the radishes will produce larger tubers that will have a delicate flavor. Radishes should be planted next to potatoes and spinach. The fruits will grow well next to garlic, cabbage, beets and onions. Radishes cannot be planted next to cucumbers.

How to properly plant radishes under film in open ground

When planting seeds in the ground under the film, you must adhere to three match rules. Seeds must be planted at a depth that corresponds to the length of the match, the distance between the beds should be at the distance of the match.

The distance between the seeds should be the length of a match. The soil for radishes needs loose soil. After planting the seeds, experts recommend mulching the soil. To do this, you need to sprinkle the soil on top river sand, peat or sawdust. As a rule, when planting radishes, there is snow on the beds, so you can add more fertilizer. After planting the seeds, you need to install material, for example, spunbond, over the bed.

The first plant sprouts will appear when the last snow melts. At this time, you need to pay attention to how densely the seeds have sprouted. If necessary, the bed needs to be thinned out or the seeds sown. If it’s hot in the spring, then the radishes need to be ventilated under cover. To do this, the covering material must be raised for some time. The first radish fruits can be harvested after 3 weeks if the weather is warm.

The main pest of vegetables is the flea beetle, so after planting the fruits, they need to be looked after in a timely manner. The fruits of the vegetable are among the earliest shoots after winter. The vegetable contains a large amount of vitamins, which the human body needs after winter. That is why gardeners plant these vegetables on their plots.

Bottom line

Radish belongs to light-loving plants, so to plant it in winter you need to select sunny places. Radishes should be planted in places that are protected from the wind. To ensure a satisfying harvest, it is better to prepare the place for planting seeds in the fall. In the fall, the soil needs to be dug up, fertilizer applied, and the bed must be razed.

It is necessary to determine the time when the seeds can be sown; it is necessary to take into account the climate of the region. As a rule, radishes are planted in open ground from April 25 to May 25. It is desirable that the temperature during the day be at least plus 15 degrees Celsius, and at night the temperature should be at least plus 5 degrees Celsius.

Radishes are an early-ripening garden vegetable that is in demand in spring and contains the vitamins the body needs after a long winter. The root vegetable is rich in sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron. It has a positive effect on gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, helps restore strength. Planting radishes in open ground is the most popular way to obtain a rich harvest of a valuable vegetable.

Radishes have become widespread in many countries. Covered with a thin skin of pink, white-pink or red color, the root vegetable has a pungent taste due to the mustard oil contained in its pulp. For normal development, radishes require at least 13 hours of daylight. Due to the short growing season, the root crop can be grown throughout the season, ensuring a constant supply of fresh crops.

For radish seeds to germinate, a temperature of 1-2°C is sufficient; the plant develops normally at a temperature of 15-18°C. With warmer air and insufficient light during the still short spring day, the plant grows tops; at this time, the root crop only becomes coarser and does not grow.

Radishes are planted in the ground after the soil has thawed and warmed up. This time usually occurs no earlier than mid-April, although root crops of early varieties in the southern regions are sown already in the last ten days of March.

At the end of August and in September, after the summer break, radishes begin to be sown again. When planting radishes in the summer, it is recommended to cover the plantings with an opaque covering material every day from 6 p.m. to reduce daylight hours.

Depending on the region, the timing of sowing radishes varies: in different climatic zones, the soil and air temperatures reach the required levels at different times. In the Moscow region and the middle zone, the period for sowing root crops in open ground begins in the third decade of March and continues until the end of May.

In the northern regions and Siberia, the time to plant radishes comes closer to the beginning of May. On southern Urals these dates come a little earlier - from April 20-25. In the southern regions, you can start sowing at the end of March.

Selecting a location

The area for radishes should be sheltered from the wind and illuminated by the sun at least in the first half of the day. For root crops, light, loose soil with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction, with a pH value in the range of 5.5-7.0 units, is optimal. Too much acidic soils Radishes require liming before planting.

It is good to sow a vegetable in an area intended for later planting tomatoes: weekly until May 20, sowing radishes on it, you can get good harvest root crops and at the same time prepare the soil for growing tomatoes.

The root crop can be planted in an area where cucumbers, tomatoes or potatoes previously grew. A good harvest of radishes cannot be grown in a garden after cabbage, radish, daikon, watercress, horseradish, turnips, and turnips. It is advisable to change the place for radishes annually, so that each time its predecessors are crops from a different family.

Soil preparation

Soil preparation is one of the conditions necessary for growing radishes from seeds. They begin to prepare the area for spring sowing in the fall: they dig up soil with humus or compost to the depth of a shovel. Then in the spring it is enough to dig up the area to a depth of no more than 20 centimeters.

On heavy and cold or poor sandy loam soils, before growing radishes, it is necessary to add 2-3 kilograms of humus per square meter. The soil for radishes cannot be fertilized with fresh manure.

Variety selection

Based on their ripening time, radish varieties for open ground are divided into:

• super-early;
• early ripening;
• mid-season;
• late ripening.

Ultra-early ripening (ultra-early) radish varieties ripen within 18-20 days.

Among them the most famous are:

1. 18 days - cylindrical root vegetables of saturated Pink colour with tender juicy pulp, reaching maturity during this period;
2. Firstborn is a high-yielding ultra-early hybrid that ripens in 16-18 days, the dark red round roots of which are large in size and are resistant to cracking and bolting.

Early ripening varieties include radish varieties that ripen 20-30 days after germination. The best among them:

1. French Breakfast is a popular variety with cylindrical long fruits weighing up to 45 grams, dark red in color with a rounded white tip. Prone to bolting in extreme heat.
2. White fang is a variety with conical roots that ripens in 33-40 days. white, reaching a mass of 60 grams and a length of 12 centimeters. The taste is mildly pungent, the flesh is juicy.
3. Ilka is a high-yielding variety with round, dense, juicy scarlet root crops weighing 15-25 grams. Medium-hot taste without bitterness, the flesh is white and white-pink. The variety is resistant to low temperatures, woody pulp, formation of porosity, and bolting.
4. Zhara is a high-yielding variety that ripens in 3 weeks with small, round, dark red root crops weighing up to 25 grams. The taste is mildly pungent, the flesh is white or white-pink. Contrary to its name, the variety does not like heat; it should be covered with a canopy when grown in hot weather.
5. Saxa is a long-lasting, bloom-resistant variety that ripens in 23-27 days. Roots round shape weighing about 22 grams, bright red, with juicy white flesh with a slightly pungent taste.

In Group mid-season varieties ripening in 30-35 days, the best can be distinguished:

1. Kvant is a productive variety with pinkish-crimson root vegetables with a delicate taste, ripens in 30 days, and retains its elasticity for a long time during storage.
2. Vera is a yielding variety resistant to cracking and stemming, root crops of the same size, bright red.
3. Duro is a popular fruitful variety, large fruits reach a diameter of 10 centimeters, resistant to cracking, stemming, woodiness, and can be stored well.
4. Helios is a variety with round yellow root vegetables, pleasant taste, and juicy pulp.
5. Zlata is a large root vegetable yellow color, maximum ripening period is 35 days, the pulp is juicy and tender.

Among the late-ripening varieties that ripen within 36-45 days, the most popular are:

1. Champion is a high-yielding variety that ripens in 40 days, with large raspberry-red root crops of an elongated round shape weighing about 20 grams. The tender, juicy pinkish-white flesh has good taste. Root vegetables do not become soft and flabby for a long time, and do not form voids.
2. Rampoush is a bolting-resistant variety that ripens in 35-45 days with elongated, spindle-shaped, white roots with a medium-sharp taste without bitterness.
3. Red giant is a mole cricket and cruciferous flea beetle resistant, well-stored productive variety with cylindrical large fruits of bright red color, up to 14 centimeters long, with a mildly pungent taste.
4. Ice icicle is a variety identical to the Red Giant with white root crops.
5. Dungansky is a cold-resistant variety with elongated root crops up to 15 centimeters long and weighing 45-80 grams. The juicy white pulp has excellent taste.
6. Würzburg-59 is a variety with rounded root crops with juicy, dense pulp that retains its elasticity for a long time.

Sowing technology

Radish seeds can be sown unprepared, but to improve germination and reduce germination time, they are calibrated by sifting through a sieve with 2-3 millimeter mesh, and then left overnight in a damp cloth or soaked in warm water.

Large seeds will produce good seedlings and, with proper care, large root crops will grow. When choosing seed material, it is better to give preference to large seeds Brown. The gray color serves as a warning about poor germination: seeds that have been stored for a long time have it. To disinfect, selected seeds are soaked for 30 minutes in a one percent solution of potassium permanganate.

Spring sowing

To sow radishes, make grooves 2 centimeters deep at a distance of 15-20 centimeters. They are first spilled with water and seeds are sown thickly in them. Having filled the grooves, fill them with loose soil, compact the surface, but do not water them, but cover the bed with a layer of humus or peat 2 centimeters thick.

Before the seeds germinate, the area is covered with film overnight (after 5 pm and until the morning). The time of emergence of seedlings depends on weather conditions. In good, sunny and dry weather, seeds can germinate within 3-4 days.

The seedlings are thinned out at the development stage of the first leaf. It is recommended to leave a distance of 3-5 centimeters between plants. It is better to immediately sow the seeds at the specified distance, so that later you do not have to break through the seedlings, since during this procedure the roots of the main seedlings are often damaged, which can lead to deterioration in development and bolting.

If there is very little space on the plot, when sowing radishes, use a special marker - a board with cloves made on it to a depth of 1 centimeter according to a 5x5 centimeter pattern.

In this way, 400 seeds can be placed on one square meter. The sowing is continuous and not in rows. The radishes will grow one to one. Before sowing, the soil should be homogeneous, moist and free of lumps.

The marker is placed on the soil and walked on it, pressing it into the ground. Seeds are placed in the resulting even holes, covered with earth and pressed with the palm of your hand. From one square meter of bed with such sowing you can get a harvest of up to 5 kilograms.

Planting radishes before winter

Two-year-old winter radishes are planted in late autumn. Planting is carried out from mid to late November, after the start of frost. Suitable varieties for winter sowing are Spartak, Mayak, Yubileiny, Mercado, Carmen, which germinate even at low temperatures.

At the end of summer, the site is prepared for sowing: The soil is dug up and half a bucket of rotted compost or humus and 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate and double superphosphate are added per 1 square meter. After applying fertilizer, the bed is covered with film and pressed down along the edges with bricks or stones so that the wind does not blow away the shelter.

The difference between autumn sowing and spring sowing is that the seeds must be thrown into dry soil, and after planting the seeds, the bed must be mulched with peat or dry soil. After sowing, the soil surface must be compacted and covered with snow if it has already fallen by that time.

The advantage of winter sowing is that next year the radish harvest will be obtained 2 weeks earlier than the one produced by vegetables sown in the spring.

Radish care

Timely watering, fertilizing, weeding and loosening of rows, pest control are the main procedures for caring for radishes in open ground. A layer of mulch placed on the bed after sowing will greatly facilitate care.

Watering

Radish is a moisture-loving crop. For normal development of root crops, soil moisture should be about 80%. The plot, especially at first, will have to be watered frequently, otherwise the radishes will be bitter. For the first watering after planting, use warm water and a watering can with a divider.

Particularly useful warm water, if the plants are watered in the evening, when the temperature drops at night, it will allow them to retain heat. Insufficient watering can cause bolting of plants and stunting of root crops.

If there are rains and thunderstorms in the spring, the radishes are watered daily in the morning or after 17:00. In a dry spring, you will have to moisten the soil on the site in the morning and evening. After the first true leaf has formed at the seedlings, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil especially strictly. It is possible to grow tasty and juicy root vegetables only if the soil in the beds with radishes is slightly moist at all times.

Top dressing

Radishes growing in poor soils need to be fed twice during the growing season. On rich soils, one fertilizing is enough for the root crop. It is necessary to feed radishes with fertilizers that can be applied to the soil without the risk of saturating the roots with hazardous substances.

A balanced mixture of fertilizers will help radishes form a juicy, healthy root crop:

• humus and compost (the amount depends on the type of soil);
• 1.5 liters of wood ash;
• 10-15 grams of ammonium nitrate;
• 10 grams of superphosphate;
• 10 grams of potassium fertilizer.

If the soil is fertile, only mineral fertilizers will need to be applied to it.

Pest and disease control

The main enemies of radishes are mole crickets and cruciferous flea beetles; the others (caterpillars, aphids, wireworms) do not have time to seriously harm the plant due to its rapid growth.

The cruciferous flea beetle poses a danger to radishes at an early stage of development, since in a few days it can completely destroy young defenseless seedlings. For mature seedlings, the flea beetle is no longer dangerous.

Spraying the tops with a solution of wood ash will repel insects from green young leaves: 50 grams of grated laundry soap and 2 cups of fresh ash are dissolved in 10 liters of water.

You can simply scatter the ash around the area. Both of these methods are not highly effective, but reliable protection from flea beetles is the construction of a shelter from arcuate metal supports and spunbond thrown over them. Radishes breathe normally under such cover, the scorching rays of the sun do not burn the tops, and the cruciferous flea beetle does not penetrate under the spunbond. The shelter can be removed after the radishes grow tops.

The mole cricket often harms early varieties of radishes in the greenhouse, where it crawls to bask in the spring. In open ground, it does not have time to cause much damage to the crop.

Diseases that pose a danger to radishes are bacteriosis, which causes premature yellowing of leaves and rotting of root crops, clubroot, which is identified by yellow leaves and swellings and growths on root crops, and black leg, which affects plants at the seedling stage, causing yellowing and curling of leaves and blackening stems at the base.

To prevent these problems, it is necessary to choose disease-resistant varieties for cultivation and observe agrotechnical conditions, and most importantly, remove diseased plants from the site in a timely manner.

They fight clubroot by cultivating the soil around the plants with lime milk (dilute 2 cups of fluff lime in 10 liters of water). Milk consumption per plant is 1 liter.

Plants affected by blackleg are treated 2-3 times at weekly intervals with an infusion of onion peels (pour 20 grams of peels with a liter of water and leave for 24 hours).

Collection and storage

Radishes do not ripen at the same time; they are collected selectively as they ripen. It is better to harvest radishes in the morning, watering the beds abundantly the night before. The root crops are pulled out, the remaining soil is shaken off, the tops are cut off at a distance of 2-3 centimeters from the root crop, and the roots are not cut off at all.

During long-term storage, radishes become flabby and bitter, so it is better to abandon plans to prepare this vegetable. Juicy fresh radishes can be grown in the garden or in a greenhouse at any time. The harvested crop can be stored in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator in plastic bags for about a week.

Radishes are one of the popular spring vegetables. Its value is due to its unpretentiousness, ease of care, early ripening, the possibility of early planting in open ground, usefulness and taste characteristics. While other vegetable crops are at the seedling stage, its juicy root crops already supply the human body useful substances, making it possible to replenish vitamin deficiency after a long winter.

Optimal timing for planting vegetables

Radishes are planted in open ground earlier than other vegetable crops due to their ability to withstand cold and even easily tolerate night frosts. You can start sowing at the end of March or beginning of April. To speed up the germination process, crops need to be covered using film material. Early ripening varieties of radishes allow you to harvest the first harvest within three to four weeks after germination.

The period for planting radishes in summer varies depending on the variety, the time of its collection and ripening.

Early varieties should be planted in early June, and mid-season varieties in July, only when using the seedling method. You can also sow late-ripening varieties in open ground at the end of August or September.
And brave gardeners sow vegetables before winter before the onset of the first frost. Pre-winter sowing allows you to get a harvest earlier than any early variety planted in the spring ripens.

Preparing for work on sowing radishes

Radish seeds for planting

Planting radishes is a simple procedure. Common problems that may arise during the cultivation of crops are looseness of roots, bitterness, and the formation of flower stalks before harvesting. But all these difficulties can be resolved by wisely choosing a variety and following cultivation techniques. That's why to get a rich harvest, it is important to choose in advance quality material for planting and prepare the soil.

Selection and preparation of seeds that we are going to plant

The best option is to buy seeds in special stores. First you need to sort through them, sorting them by size. The key to successful germination and development of the largest root crops are seeds with a length of 3 cm or more. Before planting, soak the seeds in water or a damp cloth for 24 hours. And before sowing, soak for 20 minutes in hot water, to protect against the development of various diseases. After warming up, cool, enrich them with useful microelements by treating them with growth stimulants, and dry thoroughly.

Preparing the soil in the spring, ensuring good early shoots

Preparing the soil for planting

For the full growth and development of radishes, you need to prepare favorable soil. The culture prefers loose, nutritious, well-drained soil with an optimal acidity of 5.5-7.0.
When choosing a site, give preference to a warm one, protected from strong wind. It also matters how much sunlight falls on the planting site per day. In accordance with crop rotation standards, the best predecessors are tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, cucumbers and legumes.

It is not recommended to grow root crops for more than three years in the same place, as the plant depletes the soil.

The ideal solution is to plant radishes every year on new garden bed, which will help improve crop rotation in the garden.

The soil should be prepared in the fall. To do this, clear the area of ​​plant debris, dig it up and enrich it with compost or humus. With the onset of spring, as soon as the soil thaws under the warm rays of the sun, before planting a vegetable, it must be dug up again, adding minerals.

Correct planting technology, plant at the correct depth

When sowing radishes, shallow planting is preferable.

Growing radishes in open ground requires proper planting, which includes the following operations:

1. Level the prepared bed, mark the grooves for sowing, keeping a distance of 10 cm between them. Acceptable embedment depth is 1 cm. Deep planting of seeds will lead to a change in the shape of the root crops.
2. Plant the planting material in the grooves, after watering them with hot water. Seeds should be sown at a distance of 5 cm between plants. It’s not worth it to be thicker, otherwise you’ll have to waste energy trying to plant them.
3. Sprinkle with soil and compact well to achieve maximum contact of the soil with the plane of the seed, which will speed up germination.
4. After sowing, water the beds and fertilize them with wood ash.
   Under comfortable weather conditions, seedlings will appear in 3-4 days.

Planting vegetables in egg cells

You can plant radishes in egg cells. This method has been tried and tested by many gardeners and is considered the best. As a result of this approach, ripened radishes have an even and neat shape. A During standard care, thinning will not be required.
To do this you need:

Caring for a newly planted plant, watering regime

Further care for crops includes the following activities:

Secrets of growing in open ground, thinning and fertilizing

There are some secrets that allow you to grow high-quality root crops in open ground conditions.

Pests and their control

Diseases can reduce the quantity and quality of the harvest and cause the death of radishes, and pests will take away the long-awaited harvest, as they love to eat young radishes.

Therefore, it is important to identify the first signs of the disease in time and take appropriate measures that will help the plant cope with them faster.

Name	Description	Control measures
Kila	Presence on the surface of the fruit swellings and growths that become cause yellowing and wilting leaves	Dig up the plant affected by clubroot and burn and cover the soil with slaked lime. For 4 years, vegetable crops have been this area should not be cultivated
Powdery mildew	On the surface of leaves, petioles a white coating forms mealy color, which becomes light over time brown tint	Organization of crop rotation and processing plant suppressants development of this disease
Bacteriosis	Root vegetables become covered with mucus and begin to smell rotten. In this case, yellowing is observed radish leaves	To fight, you need to treat it with Bordeaux liquid
Pests
Cruciferous flea beetle	A small insect with dark color and metal shine damages the leaves, so thereby disrupting the process photosynthesis. As a result, the plant stops growing and dies	For prevention, organize the correct care. If damaged, treat radishes appropriate medications. Before than to treat with insecticides, you need try gentle folk methods
Belyanka	White butterfly larvae eat leaves from the edges or they gnaw through holes, causing irreparable harm culture

Radish affected by flea beetle

Harvesting what we managed to grow

Radishes should be harvested selectively as they ripen. When the root crop reaches medium size, you need to carefully pull it out, taking it by the tops and pulling it up, and you can serve it. And leave the rest to grow to technical ripeness.
Radishes are easy to harvest, it is important to do it in a timely manner. But even if you are late in collecting this vegetable, in this case you can get seeds for the next planting.

You can cultivate radishes in open ground throughout the summer season.

Even novice gardeners can cope with simple rules planting and care. These rules, of course, vary Leningrad region, in the Urals or Krasnodar. It is important to plant radishes in the garden in a timely manner and create comfortable conditions for them to grow.

How to plant radishes in open ground? The question seems to be one of the most common. After all, it’s as easy as shelling pears to pour seeds into the beds, water them periodically, and then harvest. Many people do this. True, it’s difficult to call it a harvest. We ate what grew.

But I want large, juicy radishes. So that it is piquant, but without bitterness. And every now and then you hear from your acquaintances that she was not born, she went to hell, she was dry. Sometimes an incomprehensible root grows on your site instead of a beautiful root crop. So what should I do?

It turns out that you can write a whole treatise on growing radishes. This unpretentious culture has some peculiarities. They must be taken into account. Let's figure it out?

Landing dates

You can plant radishes in open ground all year round. Yes, yes, in winter too. True, it germinates only when the temperature rises to +7°C. But first things first. Let's look at each season.

Spring. As soon as a couple of centimeters of snow remains on the bed, sprinkle it with ash or cover it with black film (cloth, material). This will allow the soil to warm up sufficiently. And you can plant. In the middle zone it is approximately mid-March.

When the snow melts, radishes are sown directly into the moist soil in early April. Then new plantings are done every 12 days. Such a conveyor will allow you to eat root vegetables constantly.

May is the most suitable month for sowing radishes. The day is still too short, and the temperature allows us to do without additional shelter.

Summer. The planting season continues using the conveyor method. The only rule is that from 19.00 to 7.00 the bed will have to be covered to completely block access to sunlight. It may be dense fabric on the arches, cardboard box, black film. In short, whatever is at hand. They do this throughout June and the first half of July. In August, this procedure is not necessary because daylight hours are shortened.

Autumn. Late-ripening varieties are planted until mid-September. October is an exception. It is too warm for planting, and the radishes will not ripen until frost sets in. But at this time, you can prepare the beds and collect soil in bags or buckets to fill the winter beds. But November is the time for winter planting.

It is advisable to wait until the ground freezes to a depth of at least 5 cm. Otherwise, the seeds will germinate and will be killed by frost.

Winter. Remember the beds prepared in October? All cold season You can remove snow from them. Then you need to sow radishes, cover them with prepared soil in a layer of no more than 5 cm. Throw snow back on top and wait for spring warming.

Such plantings emerge 3 weeks earlier than in spring. This is definitely a plus. After all, fresh vitamins are always appreciated when the greens are just sprouting in the garden.

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The soil

Over time, the landings sorted out. Now let's talk about the land. Radishes love... no, not just any kind. To obtain large and even root crops, the soil must be loose and well fertilized. By the way, it is strictly forbidden to apply manure under radishes! The roots will be very large, dry and hollow.

It is better to add potassium. Ash for example. Any potassium-containing mineral fertilizer can be used. Just check the packaging to ensure there is no excess nitrogen. Otherwise the radish will be clumsy and bitter.

Feeding during the growing season is not needed if the land is well prepared. Naturally, crop rotation must be observed. Radishes cannot be planted after cruciferous vegetables; they have the same diseases and pests. For the same reason, white mustard is not sown under it as green manure.

They dig up the soil and harrow it with a rake. Then the beds are drawn at a distance of 10 cm from each other. Depth 5-5.5 cm. The bottom of the groove can be dusted with ash or clean sand. It’s just that the radish seeds are dark, and this way they will be clearly visible.

Instead of drawing beds with improvised tools, it is better to make yourself a special marker. It is a board on which pegs are filled according to a 5 by 5 cm pattern. These can be specially prepared twigs, teeth from a rake for turning hay, sticks from an old crib.

Such a board is pressed to the surface of the prepared bed and stepped on with your foot. Then they carefully pull it out, creating holes. It is very convenient to place seeds in them. And then you won’t have to pull apart the seedlings.

Advice. Such a board will always come in handy around the house. Especially if you make the pegs removable or prepare several different ones for sowing carrots, beets, and radishes. For planting seedlings in a greenhouse, this is generally an irreplaceable thing.

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How to plant radishes

Most gardeners are used to doing what? They drew a furrow and watered it. Then they scatter the seeds... like the bond sower in the famous work - in handfuls, and thicker! Maybe we'll pull it apart later.

We consider this method to be an inappropriate waste of seed material. And quality is very expensive these days. Even old radish seeds germinate almost 99%. So why partake? When pulling, there is a high risk of damaging the roots of other plants. Or you’ll be a few days late and they’ll immediately start to stretch out.

Some even plant radishes as seedlings. Why all these dances with picking and changing, damaging root system? Super early ripening varieties take only 20 days from germination to technical ripeness. What to plant there? And when do root crops gain juiciness and weight if you constantly pick them out of the ground and push them back? You don’t need any of this, it’s not eggplant after all.

The correct procedure for classic fit in mid-April (middle band):

• We drew grooves in the prepared soil, about 6-6.5 cm deep.
• Water thoroughly with clean water.
• The bottom was sprinkled with ash.
• Spread the radish seeds at a distance of 5 cm.
• Sprinkled with a layer of loose dry soil 3-3.5 cm.
• Lightly pressed with your palm.

Why dry? Because sprinkling it wet creates a thick crust on the surface. You can’t loosen it, in case the shoots are already close. And the crust itself is an almost insurmountable barrier for young sprouts.

If everything is done correctly, seedlings will appear within 5-6 days. Some sources recommend germinating seeds before sowing. Could be so. But in principle, there is enough moisture in the soil for normal swelling and germination.

If you want to start germination, first soak the seeds for 3 hours in a warm solution of any biogrowth stimulator. Not at hand? No problem, use plain water. Next, the seeds are laid out on a damp cotton cloth or paper napkin. In a day they will begin to germinate, now you can start planting. Just don’t tighten it, otherwise the roots will become intertwined and there is a risk of breaking them.

By the way, it is enough to make row spacing no more than 10-11 cm. Someone will say, but what about cutting? No way. During the growing season of radishes, the grass will not have time to grow. And what comes up is easy to pull out with your hands.

If you are too lazy to bother with laying out the seeds in the beds, then make yourself some ribbons. They are simply laid out on the bottom of wet beds and covered with soil. Unlike the classical method - first wet and only then dry on top.

Where can I get the tapes? Buy or make it yourself. To do this, take thin toilet paper. Using paste and a toothpick, glue the seeds in rows at the required distance. Dry, cut into strips and store until sowing.

Some people find it inconvenient to lay long strips. Or the rows are short drawn. And what prevents you from cutting them into short pieces with scissors? Or use kitchen napkins instead of paper. When wet, they spread easily and do not block the way for the sprouts. Plus they are short.

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Watering rules

Radishes begin to be watered only after germination. Otherwise, a film will form on the surface, which will interfere with the sprouts. Further, there are no strict recommendations for watering. There is no specific schedule either.

Every day soak the soil until well moistened. In rainy weather, you can skip watering. In the heat - not possible. Radish likes to drink a lot. Do you want to receive wonderful harvest? Don't skimp on liquids.

Features of autumn planting

There is a misconception that only late-ripening varieties of radishes are planted in the ground in the fall. Who made this rule? Today we will break the prohibitions. And we calmly plant ultra-early ripening varieties. We take care of them in the same way as with spring planting.

Try it, you will be pleasantly surprised. And you will look forward to next fall to repeat the experiment. After all, root vegetables often turn out to be of much higher quality and tastier than summer ones. This is due to shortening daylight hours and the absence of high temperatures. After all, root vegetables are best grown at +19-21°C.

The thermometer shows below - the plant is suspended in development. You can put arcs and cover them with film or non-woven material. The root crops will have time to ripen. The only thing is that they are not stored in the cellar for as long as late-ripening varieties do. And when proper storage You can enjoy your radishes even in January!

1. Instead of soaking, place the seeds in a fabric bag or simply wrap them in gauze. Then they dig in at a depth of about 19-21 cm. After 5 days, they take it out and plant it. They say this method allows the seeds to be saturated with moisture and the vital energy of the earth. We don’t know about energy, but as a preliminary germination the method is quite acceptable. True, a little dirty. But there are no real gardeners with clean hands and a chic manicure.
2. In spring and winter, you can plant radishes in tree trunks. They will not yet have time to completely bloom the foliage, but the harvest will already be ripe. So shading won't happen.
3. To collect all root crops at the same time, you will have to calibrate the seeds. If the timing of harvesting is not critical, for example, not for sale, but only for yourself, then you can plant everything. Because large ones germinate faster, and accordingly, the root crop will ripen earlier. For calibration, use a colander or a sieve with large cells. You can also ask your children and grandchildren to sort them out, so they can get used to working.
4. There are recommendations to sprinkle the beds with peat after sowing. We strongly advise against doing this. Peat is a mulching material. It retains moisture well from the inside. But it also blocks out the penetration of sunlight from outside. Put a little more layer - and you will wait a very long time for germination. Cover it too much thin layer- all the moisture will evaporate very quickly, there simply won’t be enough for the seeds.
5. When planting in early spring, simultaneously with covering with dark materials, it is advisable to treat the bed with em-preparations. Only no later than 5 days before sowing. Microorganisms will help the earth wake up and begin to work fruitfully for your benefit.

How to plant radishes in open ground? It turns out that using special technology. We have described many methods. You just need to choose the one that suits you personally. Then there will be no hassle and you will get an excellent harvest.

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Video: early planting of radishes in open ground

Radishes are a popular crop among gardeners. This vegetable is very beneficial for the body, as it contains many vitamins that have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system and significantly increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood. In order to harvest a good juicy harvest, it is necessary to take into account some features of the root crop. Therefore, it is worth figuring out how to properly plant radishes in the spring and care for them so that they do not go to arrows and contain maximum amount useful substances.

Features of growing radishes

Radishes are considered a cold-resistant crop, and therefore, for growing this root crop, you can not allocate a separate bed, but plant it earlier than other heat-loving plants, since by the time they are planted in open ground, the harvest will already be harvested. This is provided that the vegetable is needed especially in the spring.

To keep radishes on the table throughout the season, they can be planted every 7-10 days, but excluding June. This is due to the fact that this crop actively grows its roots during short daylight hours (up to 10 hours), which has a beneficial effect on the harvest. And when the length of daylight hours increases, the plant enters the reproduction phase, which is expressed in bolting. Therefore, when re-sowing radishes in the summer, it is necessary to take this feature into account, as well as select late-ripening varieties.

The main components of success when growing radishes are:

• choosing the optimal variety;
• compliance with planting deadlines;
• choosing a suitable site taking into account the characteristics of radishes;
• properly carried out sowing;
• maintaining optimal soil moisture levels;
• timely feeding;
• protection from pests.

Taking into account all these conditions, you can count on a good radish harvest without any special difficulties.

Video: tricks for growing radishes

Optimal timing for sowing radishes in spring and summer

Even a beginner can successfully grow radishes, but initially it is necessary to correctly determine the optimal sowing time. You can start planting radishes in open ground in early spring as early as March, without fear of the seeds freezing. However, the bed must be covered with film or a small film greenhouse must be built, since radishes can begin to grow at temperatures from -1 to -2 degrees and withstand frosts down to -4 degrees.

Optimal temperature for the full growth and development of a vegetable, it is considered +15 - +18 degrees, and with an increase in these indicators, a rapid growth of tops occurs to the detriment of the formation of fruits.

Many gardeners believe that radishes should be planted according to the lunar calendar.

Favorable days according to the lunar calendar when you should sow radishes in open ground in 2018 are the following days:

• in March – 20-23;
• in April – 6-9, 19-20, 23-29;
• in May - 7-10, 19-24.

The following are considered unfavorable days for sowing radishes in 2018:

• in March – 1-3, 16, 30;
• in April – 15-17, 29-30;
• in May - 14-16, 28-30.

More precise timing for sowing radishes, based on climatic features region, can be determined independently taking into account the air temperature:

• up to 10 degrees Celsius - seedlings will develop slowly, so they will appear within 10 - 14 days;
• in the range from 10 to 15 degrees - the seeds will germinate within 7 days;
• within 15 - 20 degrees - sprouts will appear within 3 days.

The first selective harvest of radishes can be harvested after 20-25 days. To prolong the spring harvest as much as possible, it is advisable to plant every 7 days until mid-May, since it is no longer recommended to plant radishes in June.

Summer sowing of radishes must be carried out from the beginning of July to the beginning of August. To avoid bolting when there is excess lighting, cover the crops with dark geotextiles in arcs in the afternoon.

Important! It is impossible to cover radish crops with film in the summer, since under the influence of sunlight under the cover the temperature will rise significantly, which will lead to the death of the seedlings.

Video: growing radishes all summer

How to plant radishes in open ground correctly

To get a good harvest, it is necessary not only to correctly calculate the sowing time, but also to prepare the area for planting and seeds in advance. To do this, it is recommended to carry out a number of procedures, which will have a positive effect on the final result.

Preparing beds and soil for planting radishes

For early spring planting of radishes in open ground, experts recommend preparing the area for planting in the fall. And since all root vegetables respond well to organic matter, you should add rotted compost or humus at the rate of 1 bucket per meter of area and dig it up with a shovel.

Important! Should not be brought into the ground fresh manure, since it releases carbon dioxide, which has a depressing effect on plants.

In the case of clay soil, it is necessary to add a little sand, since radishes prefer to grow in loose, light soils with a neutral or weak acidity level. In the spring, 2 weeks before planting, you should loosen the soil and add mineral fertilizers to it in the following proportion for each square meter of the bed:

• ammonium nitrate 10-15 g;
• superphosphate 20-25 g;
• potassium sulphide 15-20 g.

Finally, the area should be leveled to eliminate any depressions or uneven areas.

To plant radishes, it is better to choose a place where the sun is early in the morning and until mid-day, and in the evening it goes into partial shade.

Experts recommend planting radishes every year in a new place, which helps improve crop rotation. But you cannot plant the root vegetable after other cruciferous crops: watercress, cabbage, mustard, as they are susceptible to the same diseases.

Preparing radish seeds

Before sowing radishes, you should prepare the seeds, which will help to significantly increase the germination rate. Initially, it is advisable to carry out a selection, excluding damaged and defective specimens.

In the future, to determine their viability, it is necessary:

• dip the seeds in a saline solution at the rate of 50 g of salt per 1 liter of water;
• let stand for 2 minutes, stirring occasionally with a wooden stick;
• drain all the seeds that float to the surface;
• all specimens that have settled to the bottom must be washed under running water and dry as they will be used for sowing.

Important! The better the selection of seeds at this stage, the better their germination will be.

To prevent seedlings from being damaged by a fungal disease, it is recommended to disinfection radish seeds using potassium permanganate. To do this you need:

• dissolve the crystals of the product in water at the rate of 1 mg per 1 liter of water so that the solution acquires a bright pink tint;
• wrap the radish seeds in a gauze bag and lower them into the mixture for 15 minutes;
• After the time has passed, rinse them in clean water and dry until dry.

To stimulate the growth processes of seeds, you can carry out panning, which will help strengthen the immune system and ensure the full development of plants in the future.

To do this, the planting material is soaked in "Epine"(2-3 drops per 1 liter of water) or in “ Zircon"(0.025 ml per 100 ml of water) for 3 hours. After which the seeds must be dried and sowed.

In the case of early spring planting of radishes in open ground (for example, at the end of March), it is recommended to hardening seeds to increase their resistance to possible temperature changes. This procedure is carried out as follows:

• wrap the planting material and leave for 1 day at room temperature;
• then put it in the refrigerator for 4 hours;
• repeat alternating contrasting contents until the seeds hatch;
• sow in moist soil.

Important! It is necessary to plant radish seeds in open ground immediately after the preparatory procedures, since the growth processes in them have already intensified.

Direct planting technology

There are several ways to plant radishes in the garden, so each gardener can choose based on the area of ​​the plot and his personal preferences.

The most common method is to plant radishes in rows. To do this, you must follow certain rules, which will help you get a good harvest.

1. Make rows at a depth of 0.5-1 cm and with row spacing of 10 cm.
2. Water and allow moisture to be absorbed.
3. Place the seeds at a distance of 5 cm from each other.
4. Sprinkle the seeds with soil and compact them so that there are no voids.

Shoots will appear on day 3-4. To speed up the ripening process, it is recommended daily from 5 pm cover the radish bed with film, and take it off in the morning.

The second common method of planting radishes in open ground is suitable for gardeners who have a small personal plot, but everything needs to be placed. Therefore, in this case, the landing is carried out one continuous sheet. And in order to place the seeds at the optimal distance from each other, use egg cassettes.

1. Level the surface of the bed.
2. Water it generously and wait until the moisture is absorbed.
3. Press the cassette to the ground so that the cells are clearly imprinted.
4. Place the seeds one at a time in each hole.
5. Cover the crops with soil and compact them for better contact with the soil.

This method can be used after thoroughly clearing the bed of weeds, so in the future it will not be possible to remove them before harvesting.

Further care for radishes

Radish is a moisture-loving vegetable, and therefore for its active growth and development it is necessary that the soil be constantly moist. But at the same time, a certain balance must be maintained, since excess moisture leads to cracking, and lack of watering leads to the formation of small fruits.

The growing season of this vegetable is relatively short, and therefore, if fertilizers are added to the soil before planting nutrients will be quite enough for the full development of radishes.

But if this has not been done, it is recommended that a week after germination, fertilize the radishes with organic fertilizers: rotted mullein in a ratio of 1:10 or fermented chicken manure in a ratio of 1:20. And 10 days after this, it is necessary to use superphosphate 20 g and potassium sulfide 15 g per 10 liters of water.

Note! It is important not to overdo it with fertilizers, since their excess leads to increased growth of green mass and further bolting.

Throughout the entire period of radish growth, it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil to improve oxygen access to the roots. Therefore, experts recommend shallow cultivation of row spacing after watering to prevent the formation of crust on the soil. It is also necessary to promptly remove weeds, which will interfere with the full growth of root crops and take nutrients from the soil.

As the fruits ripen, selective harvesting should be done to allow neighboring plants to develop.

On initial stage growth, serious damage to radishes is caused by the red flea flea, which is expressed in slow growth and deformation of seedlings. To prevent this, you should timely pollinate the foliage with tobacco dust or wood ash and cover the crops with non-woven material, which will protect against pest attacks.

When to harvest radishes and how to store them

Harvesting radishes must be carried out, based on the size of the root crops, in 2-3 stages, that is, first the largest ones, and after a week or two, the rest. 2 hours before harvesting, you should water the bed, which will make it possible to pull out the radishes without much difficulty. After this, it is recommended to remove the tops from the fruit and shorten the tip to prevent premature wilting.

Any gardener, even an inexperienced one, can grow a good harvest of radishes if he adheres to the recommendations outlined and simple rules care And if you ignore them, you should not be surprised at the result obtained, which may differ significantly from the desired one.

Video: planting radishes in open ground

Growing radishes in open ground

Radish is the earliest vegetable that is grown everywhere from spring to autumn. It is he who, due to his cold resistance and early ripening, is the first to appear in our diet after the long winter months. The vegetable has a characteristic pungent taste due to the presence of mustard oils. It also contains a whole range of vitamins and microelements.

How do radishes grow?

This crop is most often cultivated in open ground. Radishes tolerate low positive temperatures well, although temperatures around +15…+18°C are considered optimal for its growth. It is undemanding in care, and therefore any novice gardener can successfully cope with its cultivation.

Thanks to its short growing season, this vegetable can be harvested several times per season, from very early spring to late autumn. Early varieties reach food maturity within 3–4 weeks after planting. Many gardeners practice sowing radishes with a break of 7-10 days for continuous harvesting.

Radishes are most often grown in open ground.

Planting radishes in open ground

Early spring sowing is carried out after the snow melts and the soil warms up. When the air temperature is above +1...+2°C, the seeds are already able to sprout. However, the following must be taken into account:

• at values ​​less than +10°C, the seed germinates for quite a long time, sometimes up to 2–3 weeks;
• at temperatures from +10 to +15°C, seeds are able to sprout in 7–8 days;
• if the average temperature fluctuates between +18 and +23°C, then seedlings will appear on the 4th day.

Typically sowing occurs in mid-April, although in the southern regions radishes can be sown as early as mid or late March.

Soil preparation

The garden bed is set up in a well-lit area protected from the winds. You should not grow radishes in the place where representatives of the Cruciferous family, to which it itself belongs, previously grew: turnips, radishes, cabbage, mustard, daikon. For better yield, it is recommended to alternate the planting site with plants from other families.

Radishes are an excellent precursor for other vegetable crops, such as tomatoes. It will prepare the soil and have time to produce a harvest before planting the tomato seedlings.

A plot for radishes needs to be prepared in the fall. Soft and loose soil with weak or neutral acidity is best suited for planting it. Heavy and poor soils will need to be fertilized with humus (2–3 kg per 1 m²). Clay soil can be dug up with the addition of coarse sand and peat. The addition of various mineral complex fertilizers (superphosphate, potassium salt, etc.) will have a very good effect. They are added at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. per 1 m². If the soil has high acidity, then it must be deacidified using lime (fluff) or wood ash.

Before planting, the radish plot must be dug up and leveled with a rake.

Radishes love soft soil, so the bed should be dug up and carefully leveled

Seed preparation

The seed material must first be sorted (calibrated) manually or through a sieve, selecting specimens of at least 2–3 mm in diameter. This will ensure better germination and a bountiful harvest.

For sowing it is necessary to select large seeds

Selected seeds should be soaked so that they “wake up”.

1. Wrap the seeds in a wet cloth and place on a saucer.
2. Place it in a warm place, preferably on a radiator, so that there is constant heating. The temperature should be about 30°C.
3. Moisten the fabric as it dries.
4. Once a day, unwrap the seeds and rinse them with warm water.

Awakened seeds sprout much earlier.

Sowing

After selecting and awakening the seeds, you can sow them in the ground. The landing procedure takes place in several simple steps.

1. Furrows are made in the bed about 2–3 cm deep and at a distance of 15–20 cm from each other.
2. The grooves are well shed with water.
3. Then planting material is laid out in them with gaps between seeds of 2–3 cm.
4. The grooves are covered with earth and lightly compacted.
5. Mulch with a layer of peat or humus (about 2 cm).
6. The bed is covered with film or any covering material until shoots appear. Afterwards it is removed.

Seeds are planted at a shallow depth

When planting seeds, it is necessary to take into account the soil structure. In more difficult clay soils they need to be planted at a shallower depth.

Video: sowing radishes in open ground

Caring for radishes in open ground

The time of emergence of seedlings directly depends on weather conditions. If they are favorable, the first leaves may appear as early as 4–5 days. Further care of the seedlings consists of regular watering, loosening and thinning of the plantings.

At favorable conditions radishes germinate in 4–5 days

Watering radishes

The key to a good radish harvest is proper watering. This crop prefers soil moisture of at least 75–80%. Lack of moisture affects the taste of root vegetables - they become too bitter. In addition, in conditions of excessive dryness, the plant increases green mass and shoots without forming root crops. Excessive moisture, especially before ripening, threatens cracking or rotting of the fruits, and also spoils their structure - they become watery.

Radishes love good watering.

Radishes require daily watering in the evening or morning. During dry periods, it is necessary to moisten the plantings twice a day. Particular care should be taken to monitor soil moisture immediately after the first pair of leaves appear. The soil should be constantly slightly moist and under no circumstances should it dry out.

Thinning of seedlings

After the first two leaves appear, the seedlings must be thinned out, otherwise the fruits will not be able to fully form. The distance between plants should be at least 3–5 cm. If a large-fruited variety is grown, then you need to leave about 8–10 cm. The smallest and weakest sprouts should be removed, leaving the strongest ones.

It is necessary to thin out radishes to obtain larger root crops

Radishes are a popular crop among gardeners. This is the first vegetable that appears on our tables. To harvest a rich harvest of tasty root vegetables, it is necessary to take into account some features of growing a vitamin crop. Therefore, it is worth figuring out when and how to plant radishes in spring and summer, and then how to properly care for them.

Radishes are considered a cold-resistant crop. Therefore, to grow this root crop, you can not allocate a separate bed, but plant it earlier than other heat-loving plants, since by the time they are planted in open ground, the harvest will already be harvested.

Radishes are also a crop short day. It is at 10-12 light days that radishes actively grow their roots. And when the duration of daylight hours increases (up to 13-14 hours), and the temperature rises to +25 degrees, the plant enters the reproduction phase, which is expressed in its bolting and flowering.

Therefore, when re-sowing radishes in the summer, it is necessary to take this feature into account, as well as select late-ripening varieties, and even better, resistant to bolting.

By the way! Already available on the site.

The main components of success when growing radishes are:

For an early harvest, choose the earliest ripening varieties.

• compliance with planting deadlines;
• choosing a suitable site taking into account the characteristics of radishes;
• properly carried out sowing;
• maintaining an optimal level of soil moisture (regular watering);
• pest protection;
• timely harvest.

Taking into account all these conditions, you can count on a good radish harvest without any special difficulties.

When to sow radishes in open ground: optimal sowing dates in spring and summer

Even a beginner can grow radishes on his or her own plot; initially, you just need to correctly determine the optimal time for sowing the seeds.

When choosing the timing of sowing radishes, the following points should be taken into account:

• if the temperature is 0 to 10 degrees Celsius, the seeds will hatch in slow motion, and seedlings will appear within 7-14 days;

Note! Radishes can withstand temperatures as low as -4 degrees.

• from +10 to +15 degrees - the seeds will germinate within 4-7 days;
• if the temperature stays in the range of +15 - 20 degrees, then the first shoots will appear within 3-4 days.

By the way! The optimal temperature for the full growth and development of radishes is considered to be +15..+20 degrees. If the temperature rises, then a rapid growth of tops occurs (as well as bolting and flowering) to the detriment of the formation of root crops.

Of course, if you want to get the earliest possible harvest, you can plant it in a greenhouse.

Planting dates in spring

Thus, you can start planting radishes in open ground in early spring after the snow has melted and the ground has warmed up a little.

As for the approximate planting dates, they vary depending on the regions and their climatic features:

• So, in the south of Russia, radishes can be sown in the second half of March.
• IN Middle lane(in the Moscow region) - from the 2nd decade or half of April.
• In the Urals and Siberia - from late April to early May, as well as in the North-West (in the Leningrad region).

Advice! To ensure a constant harvest, you can sow radishes every 10-14 days, from mid-March until mid-May (depending on the weather and climatic conditions of your region).

Summer planting dates

You can sow radishes all summer, provided that you cover your beds with dark covering material (making an arc greenhouse) in the afternoon to avoid bolting during excessive summer sun. You will also select suitable non- or weak-shooting varieties that can grow in long daylight conditions.

Important! If you do not have covering material, then there is no point in planting radishes in June and July (especially if you have heat up to +30), since at this time not only the maximum length of daylight hours, but also enough heat, and these 2 factors are contraindicated for this culture. But in the second half of August - that’s it.

Video: how to get delicious radishes in summer

According to the lunar calendar in 2020

Many gardeners believe that radishes should be planted according to the lunar calendar.

Happy days, According to the lunar calendar, in 2020, when it is best to sow radishes in open ground, the following dates are:

• in February – 28, 29;
• in March – 8, 10, 16-19;
• in April – 5-7, 9-15, 17-22, 27-30;
• in May - 2-6, 9, 11, 12, 20-22, 29-31;
• in June - 7-9, 11-14;
• in July - 4, 6, 8-11, 13-16, 27-29;
• in August - 5-10.

However, the summer resident does not always have the opportunity to sow within the specified time frame, so it is important to know when it is strictly forbidden to sow (on the days of the New Moon and Full Moon, as well as during the period when the Moon is in Aquarius, because it is barren and dry sign - italicized.), and these dates must be taken into account in your spring calendar.

Unfavorable days According to the lunar calendar, the following dates for sowing radishes in 2020 are:

• in March - 9, 19-21 , 24;
• in April - 8, 15-17 , 23;
• in May - 7, 13-14 , 22;
• in June - 5, 9-11 , 21;
• in July - 5, 7-8 , 20;
• in August - 3 , 4-5 , 19, 31.

According to lunar calendar, from the magazine “1000 tips for a summer resident.”

How to plant radishes in open ground correctly

To get a good harvest, it is necessary not only to correctly calculate the sowing time, but also to prepare the area for planting and the seeds themselves in advance. To do this, it is recommended to carry out a number of preparatory procedures, which will certainly have a positive effect on the final result.

How to choose a good variety

Note! There is already material on the site.

Choosing a place for planting and preparing beds

To plant radishes, it is better to choose a place that is illuminated by the sun early in the morning and before lunch, or in the afternoon.

The area given over to radishes should also preferably be protected from drying winds.

As for the soil structure, radishes prefer to grow on loose and light soils with a neutral or weak acidity level.

And since all root vegetables respond well to organic matter, you should add rotted compost or humus at the rate of 1 bucket per square meter. meter of bed and dig with a spade (25-30 cm).

Important! Just don’t add fresh manure to the ground.

If you have excessively clayey soil on your site, you should loosen it by adding a little sand.

And in the spring, 1-2 weeks before planting, the bed should be properly loosened (by 1/2 of a shovel, i.e. 10-15 cm) and leveled so that the bed is without any unevenness.

Advice! To make the soil warm up faster, cover the beds with plastic film or white agrofibre a week before planting.

Rules for crop rotation and proximity of crops

Good predecessors after which radishes can be planted are all crops except the cruciferous family (radish itself, radish, daikon, watercress, cabbage, mustard), since they are susceptible to the same diseases and pests.

Radishes can be successfully grown in mixed beds next to a variety of greens (spinach, parsley, lettuce), onions, garlic, carrots, cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, strawberries, corn, beans and peas.

Ideal neighbors for radishes are leaf and head lettuce, which will help protect the crop from the cruciferous flea beetle. And bush beans, in addition to repelling pests, can also improve the taste of root vegetables.

Pre-sowing preparation and seed treatment

Before sowing radishes, you should prepare the seeds, which will help to significantly increase the percentage of their germination.

Thus, it is initially desirable to carry out their selection (calibration), excluding damaged and defective specimens.

In the future, to determine their viability, necessary:

• dip the seeds in a saline solution at the rate of 10 g of salt per 200 ml of water;
• let stand for 2 minutes, stirring occasionally with a stick or spoon;
• drain all the seeds that float to the surface;
• all specimens that have settled to the bottom should be washed under running water and dried, since they are the ones that will be used for sowing.

To exclude damage to seedlings by fungal diseases, it is recommended to disinfection radish seeds.

As a rule, they are disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate according to the following instructions:

• dissolve potassium permanganate in water so that the solution acquires a dark pink tint;
• wrap the radish seeds in a gauze bag and lower them into the solution for 20-30 minutes;
• After the time has passed, rinse in clean water and dry until free-flowing.

Advice! It is much more effective to use a solution to disinfect seeds

To stimulate the growth processes of seeds, you can carry out soaking in growth stimulants (regulators) such as Epin or Zircon, which will help strengthen the immune system and ensure the full development of plants in the future. After this, the seeds must be dried and sowed.

The surest way to get guaranteed shoots is germinate seeds radishes in a damp cloth, cotton pads or moistened toilet paper, which can be soaked with either just water or the same growth stimulator.

In the case of early spring planting of radishes in open ground (at the end of March), it is recommended to hardening seeds to increase their resistance to possible temperature changes. This procedure is carried out as follows:

• wrap the planting material and leave for 1 day at room temperature;
• then put it in the refrigerator again for a day;
• repeat alternating contrast content for 3-4 days;
• sow in moist soil.

Important! It is necessary to plant radish seeds in open ground immediately after the preparatory procedures, since the growth processes in them have already intensified.

Direct sowing: various planting methods

There are several ways to plant radishes. And you will have to choose the most optimal one for yourself based on the area of ​​your site and personal preferences, as well as capabilities.

The most common method is to plant radishes into the grooves in rows.

• Level the surface of the bed.
• Make furrows 1-3 cm deep (depending on the variety) and with a row spacing of 10-15 cm (20 cm is possible).

Very convenient to use for cutting grooves Fokina flat cutter. So, they can pester radishes after they sprout.

• Sprinkle generously with water and allow the moisture to be absorbed.
• Place the seeds in the furrows.

If you prepared and processed the seeds in advance, they can be sown at a distance of 4-5 cm from each other. In the case of planting dry seeds and in general, to be on the safe side, it is better to scatter the planting material at a closer distance.

• Now you need to cover the seeds with soil and compact them (put plywood on top and walk on it) so that there are no voids.

Advice! If it is still quite cool outside, then you can put a bottle of water between the rows (this will be something like a heat accumulator), and cover the bed with film or covering material on top. This must also be done if the weather is dry and windy to prevent the formation of a dry earthen crust.

Video: how to properly plant radishes in open ground in spring

The second common method of planting radishes in open ground is suitable for gardeners who have a small plot of land, but want to sow and grow more. Therefore, in this case, the landing is carried out one continuous sheet. And in order to place the seeds at the optimal distance from each other, use egg cassettes.

Similarly, you can make indentations with a stick or any other tool.

This method can be used after thoroughly clearing the beds of weeds, because in the future it will not be possible to remove them before harvest.

• As always, you first need to level the surface of the bed.
• Then pour plenty of water on it and wait until all the moisture is absorbed.
• Press the cassette to the ground so that the cells are clearly imprinted.
• Place the seeds one at a time in each cavity (cell).
• Sprinkle the crops with soil and compact them (for example, if the bed is small, you can directly use your palm or put plywood on top and walk on it with your feet) for better contact with the soil.

Video: planting radishes in one go - a large bed in 15 minutes

Further care for radishes: rules for growing in open ground

Depending on the temperature, on days 3-14, the first shoots will appear. And after the seedlings get a little stronger, if you covered the bed with film, then it can be completely removed.

Although at first you can still cover it at night.

In the future, caring for radishes is quite simple.

Hilling, thinning, loosening and weeding

After the radish has sprung up, you can trim it using a Fokin flat cutter.

At the stage of the first true leaves, you can thin out the radishes if you have thickened your plantings too much. Optimal distance between root crops - 5 cm.

Then, as the radishes grow, it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil to improve oxygen access to the roots. It is especially important to loosen the rows after each watering to prevent the formation of a dry crust on the soil.

Watering

Radish is a moisture-loving vegetable, and therefore for its active growth and development it is necessary that the soil be constantly moderately humid. But at the same time, a certain balance must be maintained, since excess moisture leads to rotting of root crops, and lack of watering leads to the formation of small and bitter root crops. If you overdry the soil and then water it too much, the root crops may simply crack.

Thus, in order to get a rich harvest of radishes, they need to be watered regularly.

Note! Radishes require the most moisture during the period of their active ripening—the filling of root crops.

Top dressing

The growing season of this vegetable is relatively short, and therefore, when fertilizing the soil before planting, there will be enough nutrients for the full development of the radish.

But if this has not been done, then it is recommended to carry out one single feeding radishes nitrogen fertilizer. For example, if you are a supporter of organics, use mullein solution or chicken manure. Or, as an option, you can use mineral nitrogen fertilizer - (15-20 grams per 10 liters of water).

Note! It is important not to overdo it nitrogen fertilizers, since their excess leads to increased growth of green mass to the detriment of the formation of root crops, as well as the accumulation of nitrates.

And later, when root vegetables will begin to gain mass- you can water them a couple of times (100 grams of ash per 10 liters of water).

is a fairly concentrated potassium fertilizer that also contains some phosphorus.

Fighting the main pest

At the initial stage of growth, serious damage to radishes is caused by cruciferous flea beetle, which is expressed in slow growth and deformation of the leaves of seedlings. To prevent this, timely preventive pollination of foliage with tobacco dust or And cover crops with film or non-woven to protect against pest attacks.

The cruciferous flea beetle is especially dangerous in warm and windless weather, which is why it is recommended to plant radishes as early as possible.

When to harvest radishes and how to store them

As the fruits ripen, selective harvesting should be done to allow neighboring plants to develop better.

Harvesting radishes must be carried out, based on the size of the root crops, in 2-3 stages, that is, first the largest ones, and after a week or two - the rest. 2 hours before harvesting, you should water the bed, which will make it possible to pull out the radishes without much difficulty. After this, it is recommended to remove the tops from the fruit and shorten the tip to prevent premature wilting.

Thus, anyone, even an inexperienced gardener, can grow a good harvest of radishes if he adheres to the recommendations outlined above and simple rules for planting and care.

Video: how to grow radishes in open ground

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17.06.2015 14 210

How to properly grow radishes in open ground and reap a record harvest?

After a long winter, when you really want tasty and healthy vitamins, we are all looking forward to radishes appearing on our tables. From the first days of spring, all summer residents and gardeners take up growing this vegetable. But not everyone knows how to properly grow radishes in open ground, so this article will be useful to everyone who wants to know the basics and rules of cultivating this crop.

Choosing the optimal time for sowing

Radishes begin to be sown in early spring and end in late autumn. As soon as the last snow has melted, the ground has warmed up sufficiently and the threat of major frosts has passed, you can begin work. The vegetable can withstand light frosts (down to -3 °C), so the beginning of a warm spring is the best time for sowing.

When preparing the ground for planting, keep in mind that radishes love soils with neutral acidity, loose and light. Radishes love the sun, but it is desirable that there is shade too. Due to the strong scorching sun, root vegetables can grow bitter and gnarled, and if there is insufficient light, they will go into the tops. The average daylight hours for radishes are about 10 hours, so in the evening the bed can be covered with black film, so there will be enough light and warmth.

Radishes are not planted in open ground during the hot summer months, because... the daylight hours are very long, and the sultry hot air will not bring desired results. If the climate in your region allows you to harvest large harvests in the summer, then you can safely grow radishes without fear of spoiling your harvest.

The latest date for sowing is November (for the southern regions) and mid-September (the northern regions of our country). The main thing is that the ground has not yet had time to freeze very much, but is not warmed up either sun rays, because seeds can sprout, but in severe frost they will die, so be careful when sowing seeds before winter.

Which variety is better to choose?

There are a significant number of varieties of early radishes, but which one should you choose? Here preferences and tastes are different, but we will focus on the earliest and fastest-ripening categories of this culture.

Ultra early radish– an ultra-early ripening variety, from germination to harvesting 18-20 days, the fruits are round, bright red in color with juicy pulp. This variety is resistant to sagging and stores well.

Radish 18 days– one of the most popular and grown varieties. Ripening time is approximately 18 days. The fruits are elongated, cylindrical in shape with a white tip, about 8 centimeters long. This variety is resistant to flowering and cracking.

Radish Heat– early ripening variety, growing season up to 25 days. The root vegetables are round, raspberry-red in color, and have excellent taste.


Radishes French Breakfast- another early ripening variety, which is distinguished by its uniformity of seedlings and resistance to flowering. The fruits are cylindrical, the pulp has a pleasant bitterness.

Radish Rubin– an early ripening variety, the fruits ripen in 25-30 days. The fruits of such radishes are round with juicy light pink flesh and a delicate spicy taste, and they grow together.

Radish Chupa Chups- shiny round fruits, ripen quickly and smoothly. The pulp is juicy, tasty, slightly spicy. Children love this particular variety very much for its taste.

Sowing seeds and care

Knowing how to grow radishes, you will provide yourself and your entire family with tasty and, most importantly, healthy vitamins, from early spring to late autumn. Before sowing radishes, select the seeds, the fact is that the larger they are, the higher and better the germination and yield will be. Place the grains in a damp cloth and leave for 12-16 hours to swell. You can also sow dry seeds, but in this case the sprouts will appear a couple of days later.

It should be sown in pre-prepared soil. We make furrows about 1.5 meters long, with a distance of 5-6 centimeters between rows. Seeds should be planted at a shallow depth (about 1.5-2 cm), without thickening the planting. If planted deep, the radish will take a long time to grow, and most importantly, it may turn out to be tough and tasteless. Be sure to water the bed well, preferably with a watering can with a sprayer, so your grains will not go deep and become bare.

Caring for radishes is not that difficult; remove weeds from your beds, do not let the soil dry out, and water them on time. Thin out the plants if you see they are growing too thick. Tobacco dust and ash will protect your seedlings from some diseases and pests, but you can feed them with urea (one teaspoon per bucket of water).
Have a good and healthy harvest, dear readers!