Wood stain: characteristics and color shades of wood stains. Making your own stain: recipes from folk craftsmen Oil stain

Wood stains, impregnations, and antiseptics are used to protect wood from negative external influences. Thanks to these compositions, it is possible to extend the life of structures and wood products and improve aesthetic characteristics.

What is wood antiseptic

Antiseptics are designed to fight fungus, insects and microbes. The fungus destroys the wood and turns it an unpleasant bluish-green, grey, white or black color. Mold that forms on the surface wooden structures and products, also does not add attractiveness to them.

The use of antiseptics is a preventative measure for protecting wood, which helps protect the wood from the appearance of signs of biological damage. Antiseptics depending on chemical composition are divided into the following types:

water-soluble - penetrate well into the wood structure, do not interfere with the penetration of air, are intended for internal use;
based on organic solvents - moisture-resistant compositions deep penetration. Scope of application: processing of external structures and internal work;
oil-based - form a protective film on the surface that prevents the penetration of moisture necessary for the life of microorganisms and insects. Used for structures exposed to groundwater, moisture, atmospheric precipitation. Usually have a pungent odor;
combined - in addition to antiseptic properties, they have fire retardant properties, due to which they increase the fire resistance of wood or are able to paint the material in a certain color.

When choosing an antiseptic, it is necessary to take into account the location and operating characteristics of structures or products.

Using antiseptics for interior work

Organic and water-soluble antiseptics are used on internal surfaces; they dry quickly and do not contain substances harmful to human health. These compounds are durable and reliably protect against fungal or mold damage and insects. Application area: window frames, walls, flooring, joists, attic floors, stairs, etc.

Using antiseptics for external work

To protect external surfaces, it is better to use oil- and organic-based antiseptics. They form a protective film on the surface that is not destroyed under the influence of water, sunlight, blue light and biological damage. Hard-to-reach structures - joists, subfloors, interfloor and attic floors, lower crowns wooden houses must be handled with strong antiseptics with protection efficiency of more than 30 years. They penetrate deeply, are not washed out and have an increased concentration of active substances.

Preservative antiseptics

Separate attention should be paid to preservative antiseptics. They are used at construction stages, for example, during the procurement of material (brought and left until spring) or when work is temporarily suspended (shrinkage of the log house). Such compositions do not change the color and properties of the wood and effectively protect it for a long time.

Antiseptics can not only protect clean, uninfected lumber, but also combat the consequences of damage by microorganisms and insects. To treat affected surfaces, special formulations are used that differ in their effectiveness, which is what you need to pay attention to when choosing an antiseptic.

When choosing an antiseptic, do not forget about the absorption parameters of a particular wood. There are three types:

difficult to absorb (spruce, fir, beech, birch, oak, elm, ash)
medium absorbent (alder, maple, aspen, larch, linden)
easily absorbed (sapwood of birch, pine, beech)

What is wood stain

The most common types of wood in our country are spruce, pine and larch. They have an attractive texture, but the color palette does not suit everyone. Products made from mahogany, yew, oak, cherry or merbau look much more respectable. However, the cost of a cubic meter of this wood is much higher than the price of pine or spruce. You can give the fibers an attractive color using stain - a special tinting composition that penetrates deeply into the wood and emphasizes its texture.

There are water-based, alcohol-based, oil-based, acrylic and wax stains that differ in their properties and cost.

Water stains

Water-based compositions are the most affordable for the buyer; they are presented in a wide range of colors and are easy to apply. However water stains make wood more vulnerable to moisture, and are recommended to be used only for interior work.

Alcohol stains

Alcohol stains have become widespread, they are characterized by high drying speed and a variety of shades. It is better to apply these compounds with sprayers, since when applied with a brush, uneven coloring of the fibers and the appearance of dark spots may occur.

Oil stains

Acrylic stains

Popularity acrylic stains is growing every year. When penetrating deeply, they do not lift the fibers, but form a protective hydrophobic film on the surface of the product. Acrylic stains are less susceptible to fading, are resistant to humid environments, and have a wide color palette. The only drawback is their price.

Wax stains

Wax stains They are an environmentally friendly product; they can be used not only in residential premises, but also in steam rooms of baths and saunas. The color range of these compositions is small, but is constantly expanding due to the fashion in Europe for original finish linings. Wax stain is easily applied to the surface of wood, penetrates well into the fibers and reliably protects against high humidity. The only drawback is the high cost. Since natural raw materials for their production are much more expensive than synthetic solvents.

What are protective impregnations for wood?

Impregnations often include all compounds used for wood processing. This is not correct, since stains, primers and antiseptics are independent products. Impregnations are protective compounds that perform one specific task. According to this principle, they are classified into the following groups:

waterproof - intended for structures in contact with water or located in rooms with high humidity. These compositions prevent the appearance of putrefactive lesions and changes in geometric parameters, protect the tree from freezing;
biocidal - protect wood from microorganisms;
fire retardant - increase the degree of fire resistance of wood, help slow down the spread of flame.

When choosing a composition, it is necessary to take into account the absorbency of wood, the conditions of its operation and the period for which it is necessary to protect the structure from a negative factor.

Impregnations are produced colorless or imitating the color of expensive wood species. The composition can be based on water or an organic solvent, which allows you to select products for internal and external works. The duration of treatment effectiveness depends on the concentration of active substances. This must be taken into account when choosing compositions for structures located in hard-to-reach places.

Wood impregnations are primarily used to protect wood from destructive external influences: sun, mold, precipitation, insects, etc. The addition of impregnations significantly improves the properties and characteristics of wood. It stabilizes in size, not being so subject to deformation from exposure to temperature, becomes more durable, the material’s tendency to crack is significantly reduced, and its resistance to chemicals and moisture increases.

Types of impregnations

Capillary impregnation penetrates well into all wood capillaries under the influence of natural pressure.
Diffuse impregnation is absorbed into wood due to capillary diffuse movement within the wood.
Hydrostatic impregnation is absorbed into the wood through its capillaries due to artificial pressure.

Depending on the type of impregnation, there are film-forming and non-forming protective film. Film-protective impregnations serve to protect wood from sunlight, moisture and mold. After using this type of impregnation, an elastic film is formed on the surface, capable of expanding and contracting along with the wood. The integrity of the structure is not compromised at all. Impregnations without forming a protective film are absorbed into the wood and are designed to protect it from insects and mold. Impregnations reliably serve on average from 6 to 10 years. If the wood is additionally coated with a special yacht varnish (for example), then the service life of the impregnation is extended for several more years.

Stains are intended for deep processing before painting wood. Often this type of coating does not provide any protection. Modern stains contain translucent dyes that penetrate and linger deep in the pores of the wood. Subsequent application of additional layers gives the wood a darker and richer color.

There are stains:

Oily
Oil stains contain dyes dissolved in oils. They need to be diluted with white spirit. The process of applying oil stains is simple; they do not lift the fiber and form a uniform layer. To obtain the desired shade of wood, take stains of several colors and mix them.

Alcohol

Such stains are aniline dyes dissolved in denatured alcohol. The disadvantage of alcohol stains is that they dry quickly. This leads to the appearance of stains in places where layers that are not completely dry come into contact.

Water

Available in finished form, as well as in the form of crystals or powder. They need to be diluted in hot water on one's own. Water stains differ from other types in their long drying time, so achieving a uniform wood color will take a very long time. Before using a water-based stain, the wood should be well sanded to prevent the fiber from rising, and then moistened.

Acrylic

For wood, acrylic stains are the newest water-based stains with the addition of acrylic resins. When using this emulsion, a colored thin film is formed on the surface of the wood. Acrylic stains do not raise wood fibers as much and fade in the sun much less than their water-based counterparts.

The entire application process protective coating on the wood surface is similar to conventional painting. The surface must be well prepared before this. To apply with a brush, take a small amount of the product and apply it evenly to the surface, always along the fibers. This must be done quickly and accurately.

It is important to ensure that the liquid is applied continuously. Otherwise, it will dry in one area faster than another, resulting in noticeable seams and uneven color. If the tree consists of several sections, then you need to carefully ensure that the liquid does not overlap each other. Before treating a wooden surface, it is recommended to practice a little on some inconspicuous area of wood. This will allow you to avoid certain difficulties in your work.

The use of impregnations will reliably protect any wooden house from harmful effects environment, and the use of stains will give the desired shade and emphasize the structure of the wood.

Manufacturers of stains

Today there are many manufacturers of impregnations and stains for wood protection. Of these, the most famous German companies FLAMINGO, DUFA And CAPAROL. The latter has even developed a whole line of protective products for wooden surfaces. No less well-known companies from Turkey in this field BETEK, DYO And MARSHALL. The company especially stands out BETEK, which has proven itself very well in the post-Soviet space. Most recently on the market protective materials Slovenian companies came out HELIOS And BELINKA BELLES D.O.O.

Despite the emergence of various innovative materials, wood has been, remains and, most likely, will continue to be in demand in any construction. Well, furniture made from natural wood, is considered the most prestigious. The demand for the material is explained by its unsurpassed environmental qualities, natural warmth, durability, and ability to create comfort.

Both in order to maximize the life of products and for decorative purposes, many special means are used, one of which is wood stain. This unique composition can not only transform the appearance of ordinary wood, but also reliably protect its structure from various pests and the effects of external adverse factors.

But to use stain, it is important to be able to understand the variety of possible compositions and the technology for their application.

The stain is liquid composition, more often - a dark color, which can give the wood various translucent shades, which allows you to radically change the appearance of the product, as well as protect the material from external destructive influences. Therefore, this means of processing wooden parts can be called multifunctional.

So, with the help of similar protective and decorative compositions, you can perform the following operations to change appearance and wood characteristics:

It becomes possible to tint while preserving the textured pattern of the wood.
A special-purpose stain is capable of bleaching wood - this necessary process during restoration work, when changing the color to a lighter shade or when preparing the surface for applying varnish.
Imitation of shades of elite expensive wood species is widely practiced.
The stain has the property of deep penetration into the structure of the material, and its antiseptic qualities of the composition protect the wood from putrefactive processes and the destructive effects of wood-boring insects.
The action of the stain is accompanied by strengthening the structure of the wood.
An important quality is to give the material water-repellent properties.
Any type of stain significantly extends the service life wooden products.

The stain is suitable for both interior and exterior work.
The quite affordable cost of the material is also attractive - the price of stain is two, two and a half times lower than paint and varnish compositions similar in the created effect.

Different types of stain interact with wood differently, depending on the basis of their manufacture. Some of them penetrate deep into its structure, others create a protective film on the surface.

Varieties of stain compositions

Stains are manufactured at different bases- it can be water, alcohol, oil, wax. Each of the listed options has its own specifics.

Water based stain

The most common and widely used type of this material is water-based stain. It is produced in the form ready-made solutions, concentrates or powders, which are diluted immediately before use.

The composition made from powder, after diluting it, must be filtered before application to avoid undissolved pigment particles getting onto the surface of the wood. They will interfere with the even application of the composition, which will make the surface color uneven. The advantage of the powder version is that it can be used to make a solution of different concentrations, that is, darker or lighter.

The liquid solution is sold in containers of various sizes. This option is more convenient in that it is ready to use and does not require preliminary preparation. However, it has a certain shade that is difficult to change.

Water-based stain has affordable price, economical to apply and does not require special skills to use. In addition, such a composition can be called environmentally friendly pure material, since it does not have an unpleasant odor and does not contain harmful substances. Therefore, water-soluble stains are ideal for interior work. Complete drying of the applied solution occurs 12 hours after application.

When purchasing a water-based stain, you must take into account that it is not capable of radically changing the color of the material. She can only make it a tone darker and richer. The solution will have to be applied in several layers.

In addition, one more feature of the effect of water stain on wood should be taken into account. By impregnating the fibers of the material, the solution slightly lifts its fibers, due to this effect a textured pattern stands out. However, such exposure significantly reduces the service life of wooden parts. To minimize this Negative influence, before applying stain, the surface is first treated with plain water, left for a day, and then sanded with sandpaper. Only after this can you start working with the decorating composition.

After the stained product has completely dried, it is recommended to apply a water-based varnish to its tinted surface.

Alcohol stains

Stains produced at alcohol based, are produced in the same way as aqueous ones, in dry and dissolved form. If the composition is purchased in powder form, it is diluted with ethyl alcohol.

The big advantage of this material is its quick drying, so quite often alcohol stains are used for external work. The solution can also be used for indoor work, however, it must be taken into account that it has a strong, specific odor. Therefore, during the period of its application, the premises should be provided with effective

Quick drying, by the way, can be regarded as both an advantage and a disadvantage of the alcohol composition. The fact is that it will be difficult to apply it evenly with a brush. Therefore, most often the treatment of wood with such a stain is carried out using a spray gun.

Alcohol solutions quickly and deeply penetrate the wood structure, which provides high-quality protection of the material from moisture and ultraviolet exposure.

Alcohol-based stains are available in a wide variety of shades. However, this material is not as popular as water-based solutions, since working with them requires some experience and suitable equipment. And the price is still significantly higher.

Oil stains

Oil compositions of this type of action, that is, those that fit the definition of stains, are produced on the basis of linseed oil. And if it is necessary to dilute the working composition, white spirit is usually used. Dilution of thick compositions allows you to obtain solutions of different shades.

When applied to wood, this type of treatment composition penetrates well into its structure without leaving streaks on the surface. Painting wood with oil stains is done using a brush. Thanks to this impregnation, the product receives excellent protection from moisture and damage by insects.

The disadvantages of the oil composition include its very long drying time. Well, and a considerable cost too.

Oil-wax stains

Wax and oil-wax stains are made from natural materials and are environmentally friendly compositions, which naturally affects their cost, which exceeds the price of any other analogues.

But at the same time, oil-wax compositions have enough advantages to give them preference, despite the high cost:

The stain does not saturate the wood with moisture.
The composition can be used not only for tinting wood, but also for its restoration, as it can correct minor surface errors.
By adding dye to such solutions, you can easily change their shade.
The solutions are applied to the wood in a thin, even layer and create a protective film on the surface.
Oil-wax stains are resistant to ultraviolet rays, therefore they preserve original color much longer than other protective and decorative coatings.
No additional varnish coating is required on top of the layer of this material.

The disadvantage of the oil-wax composition can be called long time drying out.

Stain-gel

On Russian market Only stain-gels from foreign manufacturers are presented. The compositions have a thick consistency, so they are applied to the surface using special tampons. They are especially suitable for coating softwood, as they can harden the surface when dry.

The compositions are used for both internal and external work. Moreover, they are used for tinting any products and surfaces, including floors subject to heavy traffic.

The advantages of stain-gels include the following:

The compositions give surfaces rich, saturated shades that highlight the natural beauty of wood.
Unlike liquid solutions, when applied to a gel vertical surfaces does not leak and is evenly distributed over the surface.
The hiding power of gels is twice as high as that of liquid solutions.
When applied, the composition does not lift wood fibers.
The gel can be used to create a textured pattern of natural wood on steel surfaces.
The composition dries quite quickly. So, if it is necessary to apply a second layer, this can be done within two hours after applying the first.

The disadvantages include the high cost of the material and the assortment that is not yet wide enough. True, its diversity is still constantly growing.

Acrylic stain

Acrylic stain is made on the basis of acrylic resins and has the consistency of an emulsion. The mass is easily applied to wooden surfaces and penetrates deeply into the structure of the base.

Acrylic stains are presented in a fairly wide variety of shades, so it is possible to choose suitable color for a specific product.

The advantages of this material include the following qualities:

The antiseptic properties of the emulsion help protect wood from other biological damage, including insects.
The material is resistant to ultraviolet rays, as well as moisture, and reliably protects wood from their negative effects.
Acrylic stains do not have unpleasant odors, do not contain toxic substances, are fireproof.
The material is harmless to human health and the environment.
The emulsion has excellent adhesion to any wooden surface, including plywood.
The solution penetrates deeply into the structure of the material.

One of the disadvantages is the high cost of high-quality emulsion acrylic stain.

Variety of stain shades

The range of stain shades is so wide that it is impossible to cover it completely in one article. We can only note that each manufacturer develops its own color scheme these declarative and protective materials. The most popular tones may be common to them, and even then they may differ from each other.

There are several of the most popular shades that are chosen for coating wooden products intended for interiors or outdoor use. And to simplify the visual assessment of popular stain shades, you can refer to the table below:

Illustration	Brief description of the shade
	Very popular for covering wooden furniture pieces, as well as facing materials internal surfaces enjoys it today white stain. As you know, light colors expand the space and add light to the room. To turn an ordinary wood color into " bleached oak» it is necessary to use two types of stain: - the first layer is a white aqueous solution; - the second layer is an oil-wax composition, which is applied after the previous one has completely dried. The oil composition will close the pores, giving them a darker color, and thereby revealing the natural texture of the wood.
	Black solutions are actively used in decoration door frames and canvases. They are also used when creating combined compositions, or in order to obtain a certain effect. When choosing a black stain for the design of a particular product or surface, it is better to give preference oil composition, which can even be used to cover wooden floors. Oil stains are resistant to abrasion, so they will last a long time without unnecessary need for restoration work.
	"Wenge" is the name of a tropical type of wood that has a dark brown color with black veins and inclusions. This design option for wooden surfaces is perfect for furniture accessories, doors, panels, floors, etc. The noble wenge shade is suitable for classic interiors, giving them respectability and special charm.
	If the wood needs to be given a distinctly “rich” look, then for this purpose it is worth choosing the color “mahogany”, which contains red-brown shades. This type of stain, just like wenge, can be used for any surfaces and interior furniture accessories, naturally, if it is decorated in one of the classic or modern styles.
	“Ebony” is the name given to the stain, which includes shades of silver-gray, blue, black and similar tones. To achieve the desired effect, it is recommended to use this color on hardwood, which should be thoroughly polished before applying the stain. A similar version of stain can be used to treat flooring wooden covering, lining installed in the form of panels, as well as for individual pieces of furniture.
	There are quite a lot of blue and blue shades of stain on sale. The example shown features a color called “behandle”. Blue tones are usually used to cover surfaces and furniture in children's rooms, and sometimes in kitchens. The main advantage of blue color is the opportunity to give the interior a certain expression, especially in cases where it is matched good combination. For example, dark blue color looks harmonious with gray, blue, yellow shades, as well as white. Lighter blue tones can be combined with white and gray.
	“Mahogany” is a “lighter” option compared to “wenge” and “mahogany” and it may not look so rich and respectable. However, it is thanks to light tone design elements of this color will not burden the interior. It is necessary not to forget that red color is considered “aggressive”, so you should not use it in the bedroom, and also unnecessarily overload other rooms with it. The most best choice will use this color as an accent, for example, covering a wooden table with it.
	Grey colour stains must be used very delicately. He is quite capable of adding individuality and neatness to the interior, but sometimes he can also bring gloom and despondency into it. The right decision will find the perfect color combination with other design objects, since gray shades require bright revitalization.
	The color swatch shown in the illustration is called “spruce green.” Green shades help relax the eyes after a busy day at work, so they can be used to decorate wooden elements in a bedroom or living room. However, it must be remembered that “greenery” should also go well with the overall interior design. This color is also suitable for a children's room, especially if a restless child lives in it.
	“Walnut” - this color is popular for bedrooms, living rooms, hallways and corridors. It can be used to cover absolutely any wooden elements interior, with the possible exception of ceiling surface. This is a light but noble shade that very favorably emphasizes the textured pattern of wood.

How to make stain yourself?

Some craftsmen prefer to make wood tinting solutions using their own recipes. Below we will present several options that are quite accessible for making at home.

In order to achieve a certain shade of wood, various plant and chemical compounds are used.

1. To give the wood one of the brown shades, thick infusions of tea or coffee can be used.

To make a stain from tea, a thick brew is made from it, which is filtered after cooling. The composition is then applied to the wood, and thanks to the tannins contained in the tea, the wood acquires one of the many brown shades. The color saturation will depend on the concentration of the tea leaves made.
Coffee is used in much the same way as tea. Its ground grains are brewed, infused and filtered. The intensity of the color will depend on the strength of the prepared solution. In order to achieve a certain shade of wood, a small amount of soda is sometimes added to coffee. The proportions of the ingredients are 1:4, that is, 4 parts coffee to 1 part soda.

2. Shell and partitions walnut, crushed, boiled and strained, also provide a solution that will give the wood brown tint. Sometimes soda is added to the composition. If it is necessary to achieve a red-brown tint, then potassium dichromate should be added to the decoction.
3. In order to achieve a reddish tint to the wood, an infusion of larch bark or onion peel is used.

4. Black stain can be obtained by using a decoction made from the bark of alder, willow, oak, and walnut shells to treat wood. All of the above ingredients are poured with water, brought to a boil, after which ½ teaspoon of soda is added to the broth, and it should boil for another 10 minutes.

To obtain the “ebony” effect, the wood is coated with a tincture made from acetic acid, to which is added metal elements eg nails. This solution should be infused in a dark place for seven days.

5. For getting golden hue A decoction of buckthorn berries is used.
6. The gray color of wood can be obtained by applying acetic acid to it.
7. Wood fibers will turn cherry when a thick solution of magnesium permanganate is applied to them. To make it you will need 50 grams. powder, which are added to one liter of heated water.
8. Greenish tints of wood can be obtained by using a mixture of vinegar with 50 grams copper sulfate, which should be boiled for 15 minutes before application.
9. Blue tones are achieved by mixing red elderberries with baking soda.
10. The tree acquires a bright orange color when tinted with a decoction made from poplar shoots - 150 grams of raw material per liter of water. The mixture must be boiled for an hour, then it is filtered and left in the light - after which it turns orange.
11. If you add alum to any of the above solutions, you can get a more intense color of the coating.
12. Heated cottonseed oil can give wood dark shade and highlight its textured pattern. In addition, this composition will significantly strengthen the material.
13. As mentioned above, whitening compositions, which can also be made at home, have become very popular. A remarkable fact is that when applying bleaching compounds to different types of wood, you can get the most unexpected shades. For example, a nut has natural purple shades, therefore, when applying the whitening composition, it may acquire a pinkish or even bright scarlet color. The shade will depend on the amount of natural pigment in the wood. When apple wood is coated with bleach, it will acquire delicate shade Ivory.

Oxalic acid. You only need 5 grams per 100 milliliters of water. This composition is used to bleach light wood. This solution is not suitable for dark wood, as it can leave unsightly stains. After application and obtaining the desired effect, the wood should be washed with a composition that includes 15 grams of lime and 3 grams of soda per 100 milliliters of water.
Hydrogen peroxide is used to bleach all types of wood, except rosewood and oak. There is no need to rinse the wood after applying this substance.

Making a homemade stain is not at all difficult, but in order to achieve the required shade you will have to experiment, since it is unlikely that you will be able to “hit the mark” right away, that is, get the desired tone. Having prepared the solution and remembering its proportions, the stain is applied to a small area of wood and wait until it dries until the final effect appears. If the shade turns out to be too light, you need to apply a second layer of the solution.

When performing experiments, precautions should be taken, especially if the recipes use toxic substances or acids. It is recommended to work with them in a well-ventilated area or, if possible, outside. You should not neglect skin and eye protection - gloves and goggles.

It is better not to use stained wood for the final external coating. polyurethane varnishes, as they may curl up. Therefore, in this case, nitro varnishes are more widely used.

Video: Demonstration of the recipe and process for preparing stain at home

Technique for highlighting wood patterns

The use of stain for tinting wood is often directly related to emphasizing its natural pattern. For this, a special technique called brushing is used (from English word"brush" - "brush"). By using this technology, you can not only highlight the design with color, but also give it a beautiful relief.

The technology is possible to implement due to the existing difference in the hardness of the wood layers. If you look at a cross section of a tree, you can see a pattern formed by annual rings, consisting of fibers with different strength characteristics. Their main difference is their different densities - among the hard layers there are softer ones that are easy to process.

The natural relief appears when the top layer of soft wood fibers is removed, due to which it becomes decorative. The stain used in this method of transforming the material contributes to the color highlighting of the structural pattern.

To use this technique in combination with tinting, any type of wood with thick or thin longitudinal fibers is suitable. Wood structured in this way is used for making furniture, covering floors, arranging panels, as well as for making individual elements decorative finishing, for example, framing cladding made of other materials.

Brushing can be called the simplest and accessible method giving wood individuality and decorativeness, as well as, if necessary, artificially “aging” the material. In this case, the depth of the relief can be distinguished in different ways. For example, on boards intended for flooring, do not do deep processing, as dust and dirt will collect in the recesses. However, the pattern can be distinguished visually by using one or more stain solutions.

It is quite possible to carry out the process of such wood decoration at home. This will require some simple hand tools and some common power tools.

So, to give the tree a certain look, you need to prepare the following tools and materials:

Wood stains for tinting, as well as brushes, rollers or spray guns. The tool is selected depending on the consistency of the tinting composition.
Hand-held metal brushes with different hardnesses, or a grinder (electric drill, screwdriver) with an attachment in the form metal brush. These instruments are used to remove softer fibers.
Sandpaper of different grain sizes - for rough cleaning and fine polishing of the relief.
Varnish for the final coating of the finished product.

It should be noted that with a small sander at your disposal, the work can be done much faster, and the cleaning of the wood will be more uniform. This is due to the fact that the device operates at a constant speed.

For grinders, special narrow or wide brush attachments are provided, made of metal, polymers with an abrasive applied to it, as well as hair or sisal. Sticking to phased implementation works, with the help of such a power tool you can make ideal wood or blanks for installing interior cladding.

The work is carried out in the following order:

If you plan to show the structural design in color, then the first step is to whiten the board or other wooden piece using one of the types of stain. After this, you should wait until the material dries completely - it should form a dense layer or completely saturate the wood several millimeters deep.
A colored layer of stain is applied on top of the bleached workpiece so that it completely covers the primary one. The second layer of solution must also dry well, otherwise the wood will produce burrs during processing.

Now, you can start removing soft fibers. First, this process is carried out using a metal brush, which is attached to a grinder, or manually. The stiffness of the brush should be selected in such a way that it does not damage the dense fibers of the structure, but easily removes the soft parts of the wood. The brush moves along the fibers with pressure, which should ensure high-quality scraping of soft fibers. It is very important to set the correct speed on the power tool if brushing is done with it, since rotating the brush attachment too quickly will damage not only the soft, but also the hard fibers. You must be prepared that when using hand tools you will have to apply quite a lot of effort.
The next step is to use a polymer brush with an abrasive coating. Using this attachment or a hand tool, the first sanding of the workpiece is carried out. At this stage, roughness and burrs remaining after the initial processing of the part are removed from the wood. After removing all unnecessary things, it will be possible to evaluate how well the structuring was done. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated, deepening the relief pattern. At the same stage, additional decorative elements. They can be applied randomly using a chisel or other cutting tool.
The next step is polishing the workpieces. To do this, use a hair or sisal brush. This process gives the product completeness, revealing the beauty of the wood structure. Polishing, of course, is best done with a power tool, since only it can perfectly process the relief surface. Polishing brushes are quite soft, so they will not damage the colored layers of the workpiece.
After sanding is completed, the treated surface must be cleaned of wood dust using
Next, if this was planned, you can coat the product with varnish, which should be applied to a completely dry and clean surface.

It should be noted that in some cases, before varnishing or instead of it, gilding is applied to the relief tinted parts, which covers only the protruding parts of the relief. There are other application options, for example, gold is applied to the entire surface and then immediately erased. Thus, the paint clogs all the pores and microcracks and, after it is removed from the main surface, remains only in the recesses.

Another decoration option is to apply layers of stain after brushing.

This method also includes several steps:

With this approach, the wood is first structured as described above.
After cleaning and sanding the surface, it is whitened, or, conversely, darkened and left until completely dry.
One of the selected shades of stain is applied on top of the dried layer. For example, any color can be applied on top of a white layer, but only on top of a black or dark brown layer. light shades thick composition of stain.
Immediately after application, upper layer The stain is washed off with a soft cloth, so that its remains remain only in the recesses of the relief. If necessary, a third layer can be applied to the workpiece. It is important that all applied shades harmonize well with each other.
When all layers of stain are completely dry, the product can be varnished.

Brushed and stained wooden parts used in different areas interior made in certain styles. For example, a board decorated using this technique is indispensable as a fireplace, and timber is indispensable for decorative ceiling beams. This material is also used for the manufacture of countertops, wall panels, as well as ceiling and floor skirting boards.

Wood is considered one of the most beautiful and durable material, which is actively used for building houses, various buildings, interior decoration premises, as well as furniture. But in order for its base to last for a long period, it must be protected.

To protect wood surfaces, they are made various means, stain is considered one of the best today. This product allows you not only to protect the tree from negative factors, but also gives it a very aesthetic appearance.

What is stain used for?

If you have never used this product, then you probably often wonder: what is stain and what is it for?

Wood stain or stain are special compounds that are used to tint natural wood during its finishing. This product is produced in the form of a liquid, which, during use, is applied to the surface and absorbed into the area of the outer layer of the wood, thereby changing its color.

Important! It is worth noting that, unlike paints and varnishes, stain does not form a film on the surface of the wood; its composition enters the wood. The degree of penetration of this product depends on the type of wood and the quality of the stain.

Since wood has a multi-layered texture, in which the layers have at different levels density and permeability, all this leads to coloring of wood with varying degrees of intensity.

After staining, the wood acquires its obvious natural qualities. It is this property that has made this product popular among many restorers, furniture manufacturers, and specialists in finishing wood products.

Depending on the properties and composition of the stain, there are several purposes for this product:

Varieties

You can cover absolutely any wood surface with stains - pine, oak, maple, birch and so on. But you still need to know the types of this product, because each type of stain has certain properties.

Water

The presence of water in the composition of the stain is considered the main constituent ingredient. The group of water-based impregnations is considered the largest. Typically, these products are prepared in finished form or in powder form. The powder can be diluted in water independently according to the attached instructions.

Positive traits:

Due to the fact that this product has a neutral base, it does not have increased toxicity and does not have any harmful effects on health;
Availability of a wide range of shades with natural texture. Using these types of products, you can create shades from the lightest to the deepest, which will help recreate natural look and deepen the tone. This quality also gives the surface an expressive and noble appearance;
It is easy and simple to apply, with visible minimum consumption facilities;
Suitable for any type of wood - pine, birch, oak, maple, walnut, cherry;
Not high cost.

Important! Please note that this product has one significant drawback, during application it lifts the wood fibers and opens the way for moisture to penetrate. To prevent water penetration after treatment, be sure to varnish the surface.

Alcohol type stain

This product is available in the form of aniline dye, which is dissolved in denatured alcohol. This type of stain is sold both ready-made and dry in powder form, which must be dissolved.

This product has the advantage of drying quickly. However, this quality provides some qualities when manual application mixtures on wood, after drying they often form greasy spots. Therefore, many builders recommend using a spray gun when using alcohol products.

Oily

In these products, all oil pigments are dissolved in solvents or White Spirit. This composition provides a number of advantages to this type of stain:

When painting, it provides tinting of wooden surfaces in various colors;
Oil mixtures are convenient to use at home;
The composition adheres well to the surface and can be applied with any tools;
The oil stain evenly enters the area of the wood structure, while forming a protective film on the surface.

Acrylic and wax

Wood stain, which is made from an acrylic or wax base, is new to the construction market. This product has proven itself positively among many consumers and professional builders. This is due to the fact that this mixture, after application, creates high protection basics from negative impacts and premature wear.

Features of the composition:

After application, this type of impregnation forms an insulating film on the surface of the wood, through which moisture and other negative substances do not penetrate;
Varied color characteristics. Compared to other varieties, this composition has a variety of colors from natural to bright exotic tones;
These types of stains are used by many designers. modern furniture. These products are used for painting the external facades of cabinets, tables, chairs made of different breeds wood

With whitening effect

It is not always necessary that the wood be dark in color; sometimes it is required that, on the contrary, it have a slightly whitish color. In these cases, impregnations based on hydrogen peroxide and acids are suitable. With their help you can get light, bleached color wooden beam. Typically, these solutions are used to prepare the surface for further painting.

Attention! It is important that these products completely cover the entire surface of the wood. Otherwise, you will not be able to get the desired result.

Stain is easy necessary thing to improve the quality of wood. This product protects the base from rapid wear and destruction. The main thing is to choose the right product and carefully read the instructions and characteristics of the composition. But which mixtures to choose all depend on what they will be used for - to improve color or for protection. It is better to first study the properties of each type of stain.