Looking at bags of cement and a pile of sand, not every developer feels calm and confident. He is tormented by the question: what proportion should be chosen for the solution so that it turns out strong enough and does not “eat up” extra money?

Sprinkling “by sight” is stupid and dangerous, especially when it comes to those responsible concrete works on foundation or brickwork. Following the principle “the more the merrier” is also not an option. When it comes to cubes, such a rule can ruin the developer.

Another question that arises in this regard: how to control the work of the builders who are tasked with preparing the mortar and concrete? You can’t keep track of everything, so there is no guarantee that the cement will not go “to the left”, and the foundation and masonry will not soon collapse.

If the customer knows exactly what the standard consumption of cement and sand is for the mortar, it is easier for him to control his costs and monitor the use of purchased materials.

“Old-father method” or current SNiP?

Experience is a good thing, but we should not forget about building regulations. They take into account all the factors associated with the preparation of mortars and concrete (purity, coarseness, moisture content of sand and crushed stone, cement activity and water quality).

Therefore, when preparing for work on pouring a foundation, screed or laying walls, do not be lazy to look at the GOST tables. You only need one or two lines in them. They clearly describe what the cement consumption per cube of mortar should be to obtain the required strength (grade).

Here is a simple “squeeze” from SNiP, which will help you prepare a high-quality mortar for masonry and screed. After studying it, remember that the given consumption rates differ slightly from practical values.

The reason is that they are produced from standard preparation conditions (air temperature +23C, medium-grained sand, ideally clean, its humidity no more than 7%, etc.).

It is not realistic to ensure standard parameters for mixing at a construction site, so it is better to purchase cement with a small reserve (10-15%).

The answer to the question of how much cement and sand you need per cube of concrete will be given by the following standards:

Concrete grade	Cement consumption M500 kg/1m3

When making concrete, it is important to know not only the amount of cement, but also the standard volume of sand and crushed stone. The following table will be useful for calculations.

Volumetric proportions for various grades of concrete

Concrete, brand	Ratio of cement/sand/crushed stone in liters
	cement M 400	cement M 500

The required sand consumption per 1 m3 of solution is 1 cubic meter. Some developers are mistaken in believing that the volume of cement increases the volume ready mixture. This is wrong.

The cement is very finely ground, so it is distributed in the voids between the sand, without increasing the total volume of concrete and mortar. Therefore, for 1 m3 of sand we can add 200 and 400 kg of cement, obtaining the same 1 cubic meter of solution.

Water is added to the mixture according to a simple proportion - half of total weight(not volume!) cement. In this case, you need to take into account the actual moisture content of the sand and pour water in small portions so that the solution or concrete does not turn out to be too liquid.

The consistency of the solution according to the standards is determined by the amount of sediment of a standard metal cone lowered into the mixture. You are unlikely to be able to conduct such a test on a construction site.

Therefore, just remember that the thickness of the masonry mortar should be such that it is not too hard, but rather flexible and does not leak out of the seams.

For the screed, the mortar and concrete must be of medium thickness so that they can be easily compacted and leveled according to the rule.

What determines cement consumption?

Intuitively, everyone understands that the consumption of this binder depends on the degree of strength of the structure that we are going to build. Therefore, for the foundation we will need concrete of a grade not lower than M300, and for the screed a mortar with a strength of 150 kg/cm2 (M150) will be sufficient.

The brand of cement that will be used also matters. The higher it is (as can be seen from the tables), the lower the binder consumption will be.

Cement consumption for plaster

The “classic” plaster solution consists of three parts sand and one part cement (1:3).

If the average layer thickness does not exceed 12 mm, then 1.6 kg of M400 cement or 1.4 kg of M500 cement should be weighed per 1 m2 of plaster. The volume of solution per 1 m2 is not difficult to calculate: 1 m2 x 0.012 m = 0.012 m2 or 12 liters.

Cement consumption for masonry

Preparing cement-sand mortar for brickwork, please take into account that the construction of 1 m2 of a wall with a thickness of 1 brick (250 mm) will require at least 75 liters of M100 grade mortar.

The proportion of cement (M400) - sand here is 1:4. Cement consumption for bricklaying with this ratio will be 250 kg per 1 cubic meter of sand.

Water, as we have already said, is taken at the rate of 1/2 of the total weight of the cement used.

Translating into “bucket standards” that everyone can understand, let’s say that for one 10-liter bucket of cement (M500) we need four buckets of sand and 7 liters of water. We calculate the amount of water based on the weight of the cement in the bucket (10 liters x 1.4 kg x 0.5 = 7 liters).

To quickly determine the need for cement masonry mortar for walls of different thicknesses (per 1 m3), you can use the following table:

Type of brick		Wall thickness in bricks
(250x120x65mm)	Brick, pcs.
	Solution, m3
Modulated (250x120x88mm)	Brick, pcs.
	Solution, m3

How many bags of cement should I buy?

Before things get to the point of mixing, it is important for the developer to know how many bags of cement will have to be purchased. Here you should also build on standard consumption rates.

To convert cubes into kilograms, use the average bulk density of the binder: in 1 liter - 1.4 kg of cement.

1/4 of a cube is 250 liters. Multiplying them by 1.4 kg, we get 350 kg of cement. So, in total we will have to purchase 350/50 = 7 bags of cement (50 kg each) or 14 bags of 25 kg each.

You can calculate the binder consumption per 1 m2 of screed using the “reverse” method. With a thickness of 10 cm, filling one “square” will require 0.1 m3 of solution. It contains 10 times less cement than 1 cubic meter: 350 kg/10 = 35 kg. For a screed 5 cm thick we need 35/2 = 17.5 kg of M500 cement.

The rate of cement consumption is greatly influenced by its activity. It is determined experimentally by mixing control samples and testing them for strength.

This method is not suitable for the average developer. A practical method to follow when purchasing and before using is the shelf life.

The loss of activity by cement can reach 20% in one month. Therefore, after keeping this material in the garage for three months, you will receive a 400 grade instead of the 500 grade indicated on the label.

When using such a binder for mortar or concrete, take the consumption rate specifically for this (reduced) grade. If cement waits for its “finest hour” for six months, then it is not suitable for anything other than disposal to a landfill.

Vigilance should also be exercised when purchasing binders, requiring the seller to provide a certificate for the purchased batch, which indicates the factory production date.

When performing construction work of any complexity, even not too complex, it is important to correctly calculate the cement consumption per cubic meter of mortar. The quality and speed of work completion largely depend on these calculations.

Cement consumption Cement consumption in kg per 1 m3 of M300 grade mortar Cement M500 510 Cement M400 600 Cement consumption in kg per 1 m3 of M200 grade mortar Cement M500 410 Cement M400 490 Cement consumption in kg per 1 m3 of M150 mortar Cement M500 330 Cement M400 400 Cement M300 510 Cement consumption in kg per 1 m3 of M100 grade mortar Cement M500 250 Cement M400 300 Cement M300 390

We calculate the cement consumption per cubic meter of mortar

• The consumption of cement per cube of screed mortar is determined in accordance with the brand of cement and the required consistency of the mortar. For screeding in an apartment, a solution of grade M150 or grade M200 is quite suitable.
• According to SP 82-101-98, the cement consumption per cube of mortar, provided that sand of natural humidity 3-7% in bulk is used, will be as follows (see the results in the table).
• As we can see from the table data, for each brand of cement and brand of mortar there is a special column that provides the necessary data for calculating the cement consumption per cubic meter of mortar. The table provides information for cement grades M300, M400, M500, as well as for mortar grades M100, M150, M200, M300. The data is dependent on each other.
• The table is very useful - its data allows you to correctly determine the calculation of cement per cubic meter of mortar. Thus, construction works will be produced with high quality, error-free and always on time.

Here's how to make concrete by hand:

Concrete made from cement M500

Concrete grade	Concrete class by compressive strength	Mass composition, C:P:SH, kg	Volumetric composition per 10 liters of cement, P:SH, l	Amount of concrete from 10 liters of cement, l
100	B 7.5	1: 5,8: 8,1	53: 71	90
150	B 12.5	1: 4,5: 6,6	40: 58	73
200	B 15	1: 3,5: 5,6	32: 49	62
250	B 20	1: 2,6: 4,5	24: 39	50
300	B 25	1: 2,4: 4,3	22: 37	47
400	B 30	1: 1,6: 3,2	14: 28	36
450	B 35	1: 1,4: 2,9	12: 25	32

Concrete made from cement M400

Mortars

Mortars- these are mixtures of binder, water and fine aggregate, acquiring a stone-like structure as a result of the hardening process. Before hardening, they are called mortar mixtures and are used for masonry walls, foundations, and plastering the surfaces of various structures.
Based on the type of binders and additives, they are distinguished cement mortars, limestone, cement-lime, cement-clay and etc.
Based on the properties of the binder, solutions are divided on air, manufactured with air binders ( lime, plaster), And hydraulic- with hydraulic binders ( cement various types).
According to the type of fillers, they are distinguished heavy solutions- with natural sands and lungs with porous fillers.
The composition of the solutions is simple- with one binder(cement, lime) and mixed, which usually include two, less often three binders, or one binder with inorganic additive ( cement-lime, lime-clay and etc.).
Air mortars used for the construction of stone structures, operated in a dry environment, and hydraulic- in wet conditions.
Heavy solutions, where the filler is quartz sand, have a volumetric mass of more than 1600 kg/m3; lungs- less than 1500 kg/m3, the filler is sand made from expanded clay, ground slag, etc.
Strength solution determined by its brand (the numbers indicate compressive strength in kgf/cm2).
Waterproof solutions used to make structures waterproof (for example, cement mortar composition 1:2 with the addition liquid glass and etc.).

Composition of the solution

To prepare solutions use binding materials, fillers and additives.
TO binders includes puffed lime in the form of dough, fluff and quicklime; building gypsum, Portland cement and etc.
The filler for mortar mixtures is natural or artificial sand.

Air lime

Air lime It hardens only in air, which is why it is called air. She may be a quicklime lump ( lime-boiler), ground and slaked into powder ( fluff lime).
Quicklime- these are pieces of grayish color; ground- fine grayish powder.
Lime extinguished in an extinguishing box or barrel. In large quantities slaked lime stored in a creative pit dug in the ground and lined with boards. More often lime used as a test or fluff lime.

Construction gypsum

Construction gypsum It is rarely used in mortars, mainly for work in dry conditions, but as an additive to lime plaster mortars in large quantities. In lime mortars gypsum increases strength, reduces setting and hardening time.

Gypsum

Gypsum- This is a white or grayish finely ground powder. Sealed with water gypsum depending on the purpose, the beginning of setting is 2-20 minutes, the end of setting is 15-30 minutes or more. If necessary, you can extend the setting time gypsum, adding a retarder to it. As the latter, 5-20% lime paste, 5-10% borax, 0.5-2% flesh glue by weight are added to the mixing water gypsum. These additives help extend the setting time gypsum up to 40-60 min.

Portland cement

Portland cement is the most durable astringent material. It has the following grades: 200, 300, 400 (the numbers indicate compressive strength in kgf/cm2). Portland cement is a grayish-green finely ground powder.
Grasping cement As a rule, it begins no earlier than 45 minutes and ends no later than 12 hours after mixing with water.
It must be taken into account that during storage cement its activity is falling by about 5% per month. Based on this, you should purchase freshly made, not stale cement. Its quality is determined visually by the sign of pelletization, by touch: if a handful cement clench in a fist, then freshly made cement it immediately wakes up between the fingers, and the stale one forms a lump, since it has already absorbed moisture. Until the lump can still be kneaded with your fingers, cement is considered suitable for consumption, but its dosage is usually increased by 20-50%.

Filler sands

Filler sands There are natural (heavy) ones - quartz, feldspathic or artificial.
The coarseness of the sand should correspond to the thickness of the seam and the nature of the masonry; Thus, for rubble masonry, sand with grains no larger than 5 mm is used, for brick masonry - no larger than 3 mm.
The grain size of the sand is approximately determined by touch. The grain size of coarse sand is more than 2.5 mm; medium - from 2 to 2.5 mm, small - less than 1.5 mm.
IN mortars fillers usually occupy 60-65% of the volume.
The permissible contamination of sand with clay and dust for solutions of grades 25 and 50 is no more than 10%, for a solution of grade 10 - up to 15%. If necessary sand washed.
As lungs fillers shell sands, granulated boiler and blast furnace slags, expanded clay are used sand.
Depending on density artificial sand divided into grades according to bulk density from 250 to 1100 (the numbers mean bulk density sand, kg/m3).

Clay

It is introduced into lime and cement mortars as an additive in such quantities that the ratio cement : clay did not exceed 1:1 (by volume). The addition of clay improves the grain composition, increases water-holding capacity, improves workability, and increases the density of the solution.
Clay consists of different minerals, so it comes in different colors.
Distinguish skinny, medium and fat clay. Skinny is usually used in its pure form, medium in fat and fat is added to solution in smaller quantities.

Preparation of masonry mortars

Masonry mortar can be prepared in a concrete mixer with a capacity of 0.15 m3 or manually.
Cement mortar is prepared as follows: in a metal or wooden box made of boards 25-30 mm thick with upholstery roofing iron a bottom measuring 1 x 0.5 m or 1.5 x 0.7 m, height 0.2-0.25 m is first filled required amount buckets of sand in an even layer and a full bucket of cement is poured on top, then the mixture is shoveled until the mass is homogeneous in color, then a measured amount of water is poured from a watering can and shoveled continues until a homogeneous composition is obtained.
Cooked solution spend within 1.5 hours so that it does not lose strength. Sand For preparing the solution must first be sifted through a sieve with 10x10 mm cells ( for masonry).

The lime paste solution is prepared immediately, mixing it with sand and water until smooth.

Cement-lime mortar prepared from cement, lime paste and sand.

Lime dough diluted with water until milk is thick and filtered on a sieve with 10x10 mm cells. A dry mixture is prepared from cement and sand and mixed with lime milk to the required thickness (dough consistency).

Cement-clay mortar prepared similarly to cement-lime.

Compositions(in volumetric parts) cement, cement-lime, limestone And brands of solutions shown in table 12.

Table 1. Compositions of cement-lime, cement-clay and cement mortars for stone structures

Brand cement	Volumetric dosage (cement: lime or clay: sand) for mortar grades
	150	100	75	50	25	10
400	1: 0,2: 3 1: 0: 3	1: 0,4: 4,5 1: 0: 4,5	1: 0,5: 5,5 1: 0: 5,5	1: 0,9: 8	---	---
300	1: 0,1: 2,5 1: 0: 2,5	1: 0,2: 3,5 1: 0: 3	1: 0,3: 0,4 1: 0: 4	1: 0,6: 6 1: 0: 6	1: 1: 10,5 1: 1: 9	---
200	---	---	1: 0,1: 2,5 1: 0: 2,5	1: 0,3: 4 1: 0: 4	1: 0,8: 7 ---	1: 1: 9 1: 0,8: 7

Note:
Upper values ​​for cement-lime mortars, lower - cement-clay mortars. 0 - indicates the absence of this binder in the solution.

Table 2. Compositions of lime mortars

Requirement of cement per 1 cubic meter. sand or cement-lime or cement-clay mortar is given in table 3.

Table 3. Cement consumption, kg per 1 m³ of sand (mortar)

Cement brand	Brand of solution
	150	100	75	50	25	10
400 200	350 400	255 300	200 240 405 445	140 175 280 325	--- 155 190	--- 75 95

Note: Numerator - cement consumption per 1 cubic meter. sand. Denominator - 1 cubic meter. solution.

Materials taken from sites:

Observing different proportions of preparing sand- cement mortar, you can get the output base for concrete of any brand. Therefore, in this article we will talk about methods for obtaining mortars for pouring, masonry and other needs, considering a variety of proportions, as well as technologies for mixing components.

Components of cement-sand mixture and concrete

Such building materials consist of three mandatory components:

• binder - cement plays this role;
• filler - sand and a mineral component (crushed stone) are used in this capacity;
• water - it triggers the reaction of formation of cement stone, thanks to which the viscous building material gains strength.

A typical binder is Portland cement grades 400 and 500, less often 300 or 600. And the higher the grade number, the stronger the casting or masonry will be. In addition, the strength characteristics are also influenced by the proportions that determine the ratio of binder and filler. Typical fillers are sand and crushed stone. Moreover, the thinner the first component (sand), the greater the percentage of the second component of the filler (crushed stone). Therefore, for commercial solutions, use medium and coarse sand that has passed through a sieve with a cell diameter of 1.2 to 5 millimeters.

The sandy part of the solution should not contain clay. When obtaining commercial and greasy solutions, soils are separated in a stream of water using a washing procedure, since even a small volume of clay in the filler significantly reduces all the strength characteristics of concrete. Crushed stone in solutions is either gravel or granite. The size of the crushed stone fraction can be set in the range from 4-5 to 7 centimeters. However, the grain should not be more than 2/3 minimum distance between reinforcing bars. Therefore, in most cases, 40-50 millimeters of crushed stone is used for commercial solutions.

Water is supplied to the commercial solution in a proportion of 1:3 to 1:2 by weight of cement. A water-cement ratio of 0.3 and 0.5 ensures reliable hydration and high plasticity, and then hardness of the resulting mixture. And the liquid itself can be either drinking or industrial, but it must be clean. In addition, a number of additives are added to heavy and fatty solutions to improve the plasticity of the medium and the moisture resistance of the resulting casting. There are also reinforcing fiber additives that increase strength characteristics.

Household solution 1:4 or 1:5

Before diluting cement, most home-grown builders and finishers look at its brand. And if we have a composition of 400, then take four parts of filler for one part of the binder, maintaining a ratio of 1:4. Accordingly, for the 500th mark a ratio of 1:5 is used. These mortars have become a kind of household classic, used both for laying bricks and for pouring concrete foundations, tiles, pillars. In this case, water and crushed stone are added “by eye”, and the components are measured out not in kilograms, but in buckets.

The result is a moderately strong and frost-resistant solution, captivating with its ease of manufacture and low cost. However, very soon the slabs and plaster obtained in this way begin to crack not even from the load, but from frost. After all, when combining cement with sand, you need to focus not only on the mutual volumes of these components, but also on the mass fraction of water, crushed stone and various additives. Therefore, further in the text we will present industrial recipes, determining the exact consumption of cement and sand per 1 m 3 of standard mortar used for masonry, finishing and pouring.

Mortar for brick or block masonry

To connect individual blocks or bricks, we need a solution based only on loose filler. There shouldn't be any rubble here. In this case, for loaded walls the freight train will be determined by the ratio 1:3, and for unloaded walls - 1:4. In this case, the cement consumption per cubic meter of solution can be calculated in both liters and kilograms. And, according to the proportions, for a loaded wall it turns out that to 250 liters of binder we need to add 750 liters of filler (1 m 3 = 1000 l). And since a liter contains 1.4 kg of cement, the mass of the binder will be 350 kilograms.

The portion of sand is calculated by the formula 1 liter = 1.2 kilograms and equals 900 kilos. In this case, you need no more than 175 liters of water (350 × 0.5).

For an unloaded wall, 1 m 3 is divided into a 200-liter binder portion and an 800-liter remainder for filler. In terms of kilograms it turns out to be 280 and 960, but no more than 140 liters of water are needed. According to the recipe, the first option is similar to the M300 concrete grade, but does not have its strength due to the absence of crushed stone in the structure. The second option is similar to M200, at least this amount of binder is present in concrete of this particular brand. However, real M300 (B22.5) and M200 (B15), used when pouring reinforced concrete products (RCC), are prepared using completely different technologies.

Concrete for pouring reinforced concrete products

In this case, we will need grades with high strength characteristics B22.5 (M300), B25 (M350) and B30 (M400), which can withstand loads from 22.5 to 30 MPa. To produce such solutions in a volume of one cubic meter, you must follow the following recipe:

• For M300: mix 380 kilos of cement with a ton of sand and 830 kg of crushed stone, adding 175 liters of liquid. Mixing takes place in a concrete mixer, and a plasticizer is used as an additive (at least 6.2 kilos per cubic meter).
• For M350: 420 kilograms of cement are mixed with a ton of sand and 795 kg of mineral filler. In this case, when deciding how much water is needed, they focus on a water-cement ratio of 0.4 and pour 175 liters of liquid into a concrete mixer, adding 6.9-7 kg of plasticizers.
• For M400: 470 kilos of cement, a ton of sand, 0.76 tons of crushed stone and 175 liters of water are poured into a concrete mixer and mixed with the addition of 7.7 kilos of plasticizer.

Using M300, you can fill any household structure - from a path in the yard to the foundation for a low-rise cottage. In addition, this grade is used for elements of staircases and cast panels. But to achieve strength, you need to know how much and what to add to the concrete mixer, and follow the above recipe without deviation.

The foundations of factory workshops and large supermarkets are cast from M350. This grade is also suitable for panels and floors for multi-storey buildings. If you use the M350 at home, you won’t see how long such a casting will last. It will last longer than one generation of users. The M400 grade is used for pouring spans and piers for bridges, manufacturing monolithic bank vaults, and constructing foundations for special machines and presses. By preparing such a solution, you will receive concrete of very high strength, but its use in everyday life is unjustified due to the high cost of the components.

Cement based finishing mortars

For rough finishing basement floors and arranging leveling screeds, it is better to use concrete grade M200. To prepare it, based on the yield per cubic meter, you will need 260 kilos of viscous substance (cement), 1.08 tons of sand, 900 kg of crushed stone and 155 liters of water. Mixing can be done manually (in a trough) or in a concrete mixer.

As plaster mortars, it is better to use compositions containing cement in 1 cubic meter of the finished mixture, as in the option for laying bricks or blocks. Let us recall its composition: 280 kilos of cement, 960 kg of sand and 140 liters of water. To seal small cracks, chips and holes, you can use only a binder, but before diluting cement (without sand), take into account the high fragility of the hardened mass. That is, it is no longer possible to lay such a solution on the corners. And try to use no more than a liter of water per five kilos of cement.

Cement is construction material, the importance of which is rivaled by little. It is used in the production of dry mixtures, building materials, and pouring foundations. But when we take it, do we know its consumption? But this is very important.

Peculiarities

First, let's look at the subtleties and unusual features of the solution and its components. Let's start with the main component - cement. In its primary form, this building material is represented by astringent mineral powder. When mixed with water, it becomes viscous and dark gray in color. Another obvious feature of cement is that it hardens quickly in air. The powder itself is obtained by grinding clinker and adding gypsum and different types minerals.

To obtain a high-quality solution, it is necessary to observe not only the proportions of cement, but also all other materials, otherwise the future of a particular structure is called into question.

Before we begin to analyze the actual cement consumption per 1 cubic meter of solution, we should understand the types and brands of mixtures that each of us may encounter.

Types and brands of mixtures

Information on concrete grades and their scope of application is presented in the following table:

Concrete marking	Usage
	Material used for preparatory activities.
	Has sufficient strength parameters suitable for solving various kinds construction tasks.
	An option more suitable for pouring the base.
	Concrete of a wide range, which is characterized by a high strength index.
	Material with average performance. It is mostly used for the construction of hydraulic structures.
	According to the specifications, this material is used for the construction of skyscrapers, bridges, and underground structures.
Arbolit (M5-M100)	In this table it has the lowest strength indicators. Wood concrete can be used to make elements for low-rise, industrial and agricultural buildings.

But if it is necessary to give the solution more plasticity and elasticity, then PVA glue should be added to it. It is an aqueous emulsion of vinyl acetate polymer with special additives that contribute to such unusual qualities of the mixture.

PGS

Among the huge number of materials on the construction market, one of the highest places is occupied by gravel-sand mixture(PGS). Indeed, in terms of production volumes and areas of application, it surpasses all other rocks. From of this material you can prepare concrete High Quality.

Composition of ASG

If you ask any person about its composition, he will answer you without much thought that it consists of sand and gravel. And he will turn out to be absolutely right. In addition to the main components mentioned above, the mixture also includes clay lumps (no more than 1%) and dust inclusions (no more than 5%).

Types of PGS

1. Marine view. The composition is homogeneous and has practically no foreign inclusions. Is different rounded shape. Contains almost no clay particles.
2. Mountain-ravine view. Characterized by the acute angular shape of the particles. Contains remains of parent rock.
3. Lake-river view. Has quite a lot of similarities with sea ​​view, but if you highlight the features, then in the lake-river there are much more foreign residues and organic substances, such as silt and the like.

Scope of application of ASG

The scope of application of this mixture is quite high. It can be used for leveling construction site, when filling pits and trenches or even when laying communications.

If you want to get fairly high strength and which will not shrink over time, even under heavy load, then you should pay attention to the ratio of the main components: 30% gravel and 70% sand.

Consumption rate

First of all, you need to know how the concrete will be used and for what. If you need to obtain a solution of high quality and strength, then you should adhere to a clear technology. Also, the consumption per 1 m3 largely depends on the brand of concrete itself. It is for this reason that you should know for what purposes it will be used.

The process of preparing the solution can be made much simpler by buying cement in bags that come in 50 kg bags. This way you will make the calculation easier for yourself. The construction of brick structures is of greatest importance, so let’s look at some of the subtleties associated with this masonry.

Methods for preparing the mixture

The quality of the masonry is determined not only by the characteristics of the brick that is used, but also by the method of preparing the mixture itself. Let's look at the most popular and effective ways preparing cement mortar:

1. The most popular recipe is a solution to which you add sand and cement. It is quite durable, but when preparing it, you must strictly observe the proportions: even the slightest deviation from the norm can result in the formation of a large number of cracks.
2. Solution lime based(lime). Its advantage lies in its high ductility. The disadvantages are that it is not waterproof, so if you intend to use it on the outside of a structure, be prepared for it to simply wash away in the rain.
3. The next type is called mixed. And this is exactly the case when they took all the best and combined them together. It has excellent strength combined with good ductility.
4. Solution with cement in the base and additives in the form of plasticizers. This composition is characterized by improved qualities of the previous type, that is, a mixed solution. And thanks to the presence of plasticizers, working with it is much more convenient and faster.

But on what factors does the cement consumption per 1 m2 of brickwork depend? Below are the most important of them:

1. Worker's choice. This factor plays one of the most important roles. After all, how much of the mortar will be used for its intended purpose, how much will go to waste, and how smoothly the brick will be laid depends on his level of qualifications.
2. Brick. He plays an important role. For example, for a hollow brick it will take much more material than for a solid one.
3. And, of course, this is the thickness of the seam. This value should be between 10 and 12 mm.

Let's take a closer look at the consumption cement composition depending on the type of brick used. So, when applying the mixture to a solid brick base, this parameter will have the following values:

• if the masonry is carried out in half a brick (width -12 cm), then the consumption will be 0.19 m3;
• when installed in one brick, 0.22 m3 of mortar will be required;
• with a wall width of 38 cm, approximately 0.234 m3 of composition will be needed for high-quality application.

In the case of solid brick, the consumption parameters will be different:

• when laying half a brick, 0.160 m3 of cement mixture will be consumed;
• if application is carried out on a base of one stone, 0.200 m3 of solution will be required;
• when laying one and a half bricks, the consumption will increase to 0.216 m3.

Now let's move on directly to the cooking standards. And for this purpose, below is a table indicating the brand and ratio of all components included.

When the work itself begins, you must first deal with dry materials, and only then start adding liquid ones (water and other fillers). This is done to ensure that the solution is homogeneous and does not contain lumps. Also, to avoid an unfavorable result, you need to mix everything thoroughly.

Do not make too much cement mortar. After all, do not forget that the mixture hardens very quickly in air. Of course, if you want to save your time and effort, you can go to the store and buy everything ready-made, but here it all depends on whether you can afford it.

And now a small digression for those who work with solutions in cold seasons. Many people are faced with the fact that when all the standards have been met and fulfilled preparatory work, the structure of the composition is still broken. The thing is that the water used for kneading froze and destroyed the entire structure. Therefore, to avoid such adverse effects, salt or other antifreeze additives are added to the solution.

We have sorted out all the aspects related to the work, but there is still a lot left useful tips, which can make your work not only simpler, but also of high quality, and maybe even not too financially expensive.

The most important thing is to find out whether the solution is prepared well. To do this, you can resort to a simple method: you need to write several letters or numbers on the laid surface. If they do not float or, conversely, do not crumble inside, then this means that the solution is prepared correctly and can be applied to the surface.

Correct calculation of components for preparing a mortar mixture affects the basic qualities of brickwork (strength, durability), cement-sand screed for leveling the floor and other work in which the solution is used.

When calculating the selection of proportions of cement and sand, it is necessary to take into account that when the grade of cement increases, the amount of this material must be reduced to obtain a solution of the same grade. Sometimes, when installing screeds, it is not frozen surface sprinkled with cement - this increases the strength of the coating, but more cement is used. We will describe how to calculate how much cement is needed per cubic meter (1m3) of solution, depending on its brand.

Demand for cement cubic meter solution may depend on:

• purpose of the mortar mixture (for masonry, for plaster, for flooring). In construction, cement-sand ( masonry mortar or mortar for screeding), clay and lime mortars (for plastering surfaces). So in the first solution, cement and sand are taken in a ratio of 1 to 3 or 1 to 4. The latter option is used for laying partitions, and for load-bearing walls It is better to use a high strength solution of 1 to 3 or higher. IN lime mortar The main binder is lime; the volume fraction of cement is one third of the finished mortar. If a clay mixture is used, then the amount of cement in it is 1 to 9;
• brand of mortar, which characterizes its compressive strength after complete hardening (27 days);

The composition of the solution characterizes the ratio between the binder and fine aggregate.

Let's consider what amount of M400 cement is needed to obtain different grades of mortar; the weight of cement corresponds to its amount per 1 m3 of mortar;

• to prepare the M10 grade of mortar you need 81 kg of cement;
• for grade M25 you need 133 kg of cement;
• for grade M50 you need 178 kg of cement;
• for grade M75 you need 245 kg of cement;
• for grade M100 you need 304 kg of cement;
• for grade M150 you need 414 kg of cement;
• for grade M200 you need 510 kg of cement.

You can calculate how much cement is needed per cubic meter (1 m3) of solution based on the proportion of 1 to 3 or 1 to 4, knowing that a 10 liter bucket of cement weighs 14 kilograms. You also need to know that the same amount of water used to prepare the solution is the same as cement.

Consider the ratio of 1 to 3. With this ratio we have 5 parts (1 part cement, 3 parts sand and 1 part water).

Therefore, the cube will contain 200 liters of cement, 600 liters of sand and 200 liters of water. In terms of weight, a cube of such a solution requires 20×14 = 280 kg.

Now let's calculate the ratio 1 to 4 (1 part cement, 4 parts sand and 1 part water). Here you need a little more water, so one part will correspond to 1000/6=150l. We calculate the amount of cement per cube of such a solution: 15×14 = 210 kg.