Internal insulation has many disadvantages, including costs First of all, highlight the formation of condensation. Therefore, your house, especially a wooden one, should be insulated from the outside - in this case, the internal temperature of the walls will drop very slowly. The location of the cold zone will be at inner part insulation, so it will not touch wooden walls.
It is better to combine home insulation with a vapor barrier material installed from the inside - this will not only prevent the penetration of cold from the outside, but will also prevent condensation from accumulating in the structure and destroying it. As a result, the house will be warm and the humidity level will always be normal.
Note! Between wooden wall and insulation you should always leave a small air gap, otherwise mold will appear there and the structure will sooner or later collapse.
The modern building materials market offers a wide range of insulation materials, among which everyone can choose the appropriate option both in terms of quality and cost. The most popular of them today is mineral wool, so let's start with it.
The main advantage of this material is fire safety, which, in fact, makes it so in demand. Moreover, mineral wool provides good ventilation, prevents the formation of rot and fungi, and also conducts heat well.
Minuses:
- the material easily loses its original shape;
- it is short-lived - after just a year of use, almost half of its properties are lost.
The average cost of a cubic meter of mineral wool is approximately 1,500 rubles. This figure varies in one direction or another depending on the manufacturer and technical characteristics material.
Another option that you can resort to when insulating a wooden house. The foam consists of many granules filled with air, which provides lightness and good thermal insulation.
Pros:
- excellent sound insulation properties;
- long service life;
- ease of installation;
- resistance to deformation and rotting;
- high density;
- resistance to temperature changes.
Minuses:
- environmental unsafety;
- tendency to ignite quickly.
But the main disadvantage of the material is that it cannot be used for insulation. wooden houses due to poor vapor permeability.
A square meter of polystyrene foam costs from 50 to 300 rubles, depending on the thickness and the company that produces the spruce.
Penoplex is also widely used for insulating buildings. It is produced by extrusion, resulting in the formation of a material of uniform consistency. The advantages of the material include:
- environmental friendliness;
- non-flammability;
- safety;
- ease of operation;
- water-repellent characteristics (due to the fact that there are no micropores in the cells);
- ability to withstand heavy physical exertion;
- durability, rot resistance;
- low thermal conductivity.
Minuses:
- upon contact with solvents of organic origin, the material is destroyed;
- difficulties arise when cutting and fitting;
- Vapor tightness can sometimes be more of a disadvantage than a plus.
A cubic meter of penoplex costs approximately 4,000 rubles. Insulation wooden house such material is effective, but very expensive.
Note! If you want to insulate your home and protect it without spending big money, then it is recommended to pay attention to mineral wool. The technology below is based on the use of this material.
Isoplat is made from coniferous trees, and no chemical binders are added. Due to this, the slab does not dry out or deform over time. In addition, Izoplat is environmentally friendly and as effective as wood itself.
Pros:
- thermal insulation: 12 mm slabs = 44 mm solid wood
- sound insulation from -23 dB
- elasticity: the slab fits tightly to the frame, breaking cold bridges at the joints
- vapor permeability: slabs remove excess moisture from the wall, preventing the formation of fungus and mold in the house
- ease of installation: The isoplat is pressed against the wall and nailed, a ventilated façade is installed on top and that’s it. No more materials or work will be required.
- paraffin impregnation: protects walls from atmospheric humidity
- 100% environmentally friendly
Minuses:
- - more high price compared to other materials, but it will pay off, since Izoplat is guaranteed to “work” for more than 70 years and no alterations will be needed.
The first stage of work is to prepare necessary tools and building materials.
What will be required at work
When insulating a house you will need:
- mineral wool;
- scotch;
- wooden slats(250 mm thick);
- nails;
- polyethylene film;
- staples;
- boards, approximately 10x5mm;
- slats, 5x3 cm;
- waterproofing.
And now - directly to work.
First stage. Surface preparation
Upon completion of installation, the outer walls of the house will remain closed, so first they should be protected from harmful microorganisms and rot. For this purpose, special compounds are applied to the surface, which must be allowed to dry completely. Usually this takes a little time and after a few days you can begin installation.
Second phase. Vapor barrier
Wooden houses are good because they do not need a layer of air between the vapor barrier and the outer surface of the walls. For this reason, you can immediately attach plastic film. TO flat surface wooden slats are nailed (approximately every meter), to which a layer of vapor barrier is attached with staples. This distance is necessary to ensure proper ventilation. Holes are made from below and above between the slats to eliminate the possibility of moisture accumulation and increase the intensity of circulation. air flow.
The points at which the film is attached to the slats must be sealed with tape, which will protect the insulation from moisture penetration.
Third stage. Frame construction
Next you need to create a frame. The boards should be nailed, being installed “on edge”, in increments of 1.5-2 cm smaller than the width of the insulation board. By the way, mineral wool has sufficient rigidity to be placed in a frame without additional fasteners. In any case, the sheets of material will not slip.
Note! Professionals advise installing in our climatic zone two layers of insulation at once. It is typical that the joints between the slabs of the first and second layers should not coincide.
Fourth stage. Waterproofing
The final stage of work is the installation of waterproofing, designed to protect the insulation from moisture penetration. The membrane is ideal for this - its special structure allows air access, thereby creating additional ventilation, and at the same time does not allow moisture to pass through to the mineral wool.
The waterproofing must be attached to the frame in the same way as a vapor barrier. This creates a 2-centimeter overlap at the joints. The joints themselves are taped with tape to ensure tightness.
Fifth stage. Ventilated facade
If all these procedures are followed, a ventilated facade is created in parallel. It is designed to circulate air flow between the waterproofing and the outer layer of surface finishing. For this reason, it is necessary to create an additional layer of frame. A similar sheathing is constructed, but this time the slats are used in a different size - 3x5 cm. A fine-mesh iron mesh is installed at the bottom of the frame, which will prevent the penetration of insects and small rodents.
Sixth stage. Facade finishing
What material will be used to decorate the facade depends entirely on the design features, financial capabilities and personal wishes of the owner. For example, to give your home an attractive appearance, Can:
- cover with clapboard;
- decorate it with facade tiles;
- sheathe with boards;
- build vinyl siding.
The most suitable option siding is considered, but when installing it you need to follow some rules.
- First of all, when finishing siding you should work from the bottom up.
- It is imperative to leave a gap of 1 cm between the panels of material.
- To fix the siding, you must use nails or screws.
Possible installation options
Before you start insulating a wooden house, you need to find out what its load-bearing capacity. When constructing simple frame buildings it is mainly used strip foundation. Consequently, in this case, it will be necessary to install an additional base, made in the form of a strip under the cladding. It is desirable that the base is directly connected to the foundation.
The insulating layer is attached to the frame, we have already talked about this.
Sometimes, when insulating, a hinged frame is used, for the manufacture of which perforated aluminum profiles were used. Also, external walls can be insulated with lightweight materials, for example, pressed flax or wood chips. Of course, the effectiveness of these materials cannot be compared with mineral wool or penoplex.
As a conclusion
High-quality insulation materials are available today to every owner of a wooden house. If all the work is carried out correctly, the result will be not only cozy atmosphere, but also significant savings budget. Moreover, such a house will look beautiful and presentable - in any case, the owner will have something to be proud of.
Video - Insulating the walls of a wooden house
– this is the placement of a thermal layer inside the wall frame. In some situations, it is necessary to reduce heat loss as much as possible by adding internal thermal insulation external. Let's figure out how and what to insulate wooden house from the outside, we will evaluate the characteristics, features of operation and installation of different materials.
Specifics of insulating frame houses from the outside
In quickly erected buildings using Scandinavian or American technology, the role of heat insulator is assigned directly wall panels. The insulation is mounted between the frame posts and covered with rough sheathing - wood-fiber panels, OSB boards etc.
However, if the work is performed poorly or the thickness or density of the insulation is incorrectly selected, the house may not retain heat well. To reduce energy costs and improve the indoor microclimate in winter, additional insulation is required.
A set of requirements is put forward for a heat insulator for external walls:
- Low thermal conductivity. Among the insulation materials that can boast of this property are: polystyrene foam and mineral wool.
- Minimal water absorption. Despite additional protection thermal insulation layer from water, the insulation, one way or another, will come into contact with water vapor. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a material with low hygroscopicity.
- Fire safety. It is optimal if the insulation has the ability to self-extinguish, does not contribute to the spread of fire and produces little smoke when burning.
- Light weight. Frames are erected on a lightweight foundation and are not designed for significant loads.
Besides, facade insulation For exterior finishing at home it should hold its linear dimensions well and not shrink. Additional requirements: environmental friendliness and affordable cost.
Choosing thermal insulation: characteristics and features of materials
The optimal insulation option for outdoor use in frame construction– basalt wool. The material is thermally efficient and fireproof, but quite expensive. On a limited budget Styrofoam will do or extruded polystyrene foam with fire retardants.
Video: insulating the facade using the “wet” method
Every person dreams of a warm home, so that even in the most severe frosts it would be comfortable to stay indoors. Therefore, the first question that faces the owners of their home is how to insulate the walls from the outside on their own. Especially it concerns wooden buildings. In this article we will provide instructions according to which thermal insulation of frame and timber houses outside. And for a more visual example, you can watch the video.
There is a huge variety of thermal insulation materials. Let us dwell on the choice of insulation for wooden houses, which are widely used by consumers.
Insulating a wooden house will help save the wood from destruction Stone wool in slabs. This material is easy to cut even with a regular knife. Due to their light weight, the slabs are easy to transport even in a passenger car, especially if you need to insulate a small area. During installation stone wool placed in the space between the frame posts and then insulated vapor barrier material inside and waterproofing outside.
Attention! When transporting or installing, do not compress or compact the mats under any circumstances.
Ecowool. It's environmentally friendly pure material for insulation based on cellulose fibers. Available in slightly compressed packaging. There are two ways to insulate with this material:
- dry. To do this, the packaging with glass wool is opened, the material is kneaded and compacted into the walls. The disadvantage of this method is that over time the fibers can shrink, which will lead to heat loss. However, some manufacturers guarantee that this material will not settle for 10-20 years.
- wet. Ecowool is sprayed onto the walls and adheres to the building frame, so the material does not settle.
Insulation of a wooden house from the outside Styrofoam. One of the most budget types insulation. This material does not absorb moisture, so it is not necessary to cover it with a moisture-proof membrane. However, when working with polystyrene foam, you need to be as careful as possible, as it can crumble and break.
Attention! As insulation, you need to purchase unpressed sheets of polystyrene foam.
Polyurethane foam. It is sold in the form of two-component substances that begin to foam when applied to walls when exposed to air. In operation, this material is similar to polyurethane foam. They fill the voids in the wall, and cut off the excess. The result is a monolithic layer of insulation that completely eliminates heat loss. Polyurethane foam has moisture-repellent properties.
Insulation of a timber house with polyurethane foam Natural insulation. These include slabs made of sawdust or a mixture of clay and straw. Such materials are environmentally friendly and inexpensive, but their main disadvantage is the complexity of manufacturing. Flax fiber is also a natural insulation material. It has antiseptic properties, preventing the formation of fungus and mold. It is easy to cut, install, does not cause allergies and is moisture resistant.
What is the best way to insulate walls?
Pledge quality repairs– a well-thought-out work plan. Therefore, it is worth considering in advance how you will insulate the walls: from the inside or from the outside. Internal insulation is rarely used, because because of it, the size of the rooms is significantly reduced. In addition, experts do not recommend insulating wooden houses in this way, because moisture will penetrate into the wood, from the street side. Because of this, mold and mildew may appear inside the structure, and the wood itself will begin to rot. In addition, it is necessary to buy a material that will match the properties of wood. Flax fiber is suitable for this, soft look Fiberboard, basalt and fiberglass materials.
Insulating a house with mineral wool With the external method of thermal insulation, a uniform layer of insulation is formed for the free escape of vapors. The insulation is less dense than wood, which causes steam to escape through the ventilation gap. The external method of thermal insulation is an ideal option for those who want to insulate old houses made of timber, which have lost their “marketable appearance” over time; after covering they will look like new. However, if you insulate the walls incorrectly, the wood will begin to deteriorate, and under the layer exterior finishing, you will not be able to control the condition of the wood.
Insulating the walls of a frame house with mineral wool
Thermal insulation frame house It starts with waterproofing. For this you can use glassine - cheap, but efficient material. It is cut into strips and stapled to the frame of the house, in increments of no more than 12 cm. Glassine sheets are glued with an overlap of up to 10 cm to protect the insulation from condensation.
Advice! If the frame of the house is covered with siding, then a distance of 30-50 mm should remain between it and the insulated facade so that moisture does not linger in the frame.
Then we lay a layer of insulation. Mineral wool great option for wall insulation. It does not cause allergic reactions, has low flammability and high thermal conductivity; such slabs can be easily cut with a construction knife. The installation process is simple, first we measure the distances between the posts and add 5 cm on each side for allowances. Cutting out sheets the right size and lay them on the waterproofing. We close the joints between the frame and the insulation with a strip of mineral wool 3-4 cm wide.
Mineral wool We lay a layer of vapor barrier on top, for this we use penophenol. It needs to be shot to the building frame using a construction stapler. Penophenol is laid horizontally, leaving 5 cm joints with the foil part facing out. After this we cover the walls of the house edged boards or siding.
Insulating the walls of a frame house with foam plastic
In order to secure the foam to the wall, we first install vertical canopies made of cord. Then glue is applied to the foam sheets, along the edges and at five points inside, and fixed to the wall. This is how all the insulation is laid. Next you need to seal the cracks polyurethane foam. For additional strength, we fix the sheets with plastic dowels.
Attention! Polystyrene foam does not absorb moisture, so additional insulation in this case need not.
The outside walls need to be plastered, and before that you need to install reinforced mesh. Putty will help protect the structure from influence external factors, but it should be applied in two layers. After drying, the surface can be applied finishing layer decorative plaster.
Insulating the walls of a frame house with foam plastic Insulating the walls of a timber house
External insulation of houses made of timber should be done with slab materials; they are more rigid and do not shrink over time. If you prefer basalt or fiberglass insulation, then you need to choose the right thickness. If the house is made of 15 cm timber, then the thickness of the heat insulator is 10 cm, and if the timber is 20 cm, then you can take more thin material- 5 cm.
To begin with, the surface of the house is coated with waterproof mastic. Then a vertical wooden frame is installed, which must be coated with an antiseptic to prevent rotting. Then basalt wool is attached to it using self-tapping screws or umbrella dowels, 4-6 fasteners per 1 sq.m of insulation. A diffusion membrane is laid on top as a waterproofing agent. Above wooden frame we nail slats 5 cm thick, which will create a ventilation gap to remove moisture. Then we nail the profiles to the slats and install the siding, starting from the bottom, checking the horizontal installation with a level.
Scheme: house insulation Thus, the choice of insulation depends on your personal preferences. And deciding whether to do internal or external thermal insulation depends on how the finishing will be done external walls. Well, if you want to ensure that even the most severe frosts do not bring you inconvenience, you can insulate the walls both inside and outside.
Insulating a house with mineral wool: video
Correctly performed insulation of a wooden house can significantly save on heating, improve the microclimate in the house, and also extend the service life of the log house. When the question arises about thermal insulation of the walls of a wooden house, the first and most important point is the choice of insulation method - from the inside or outside. Most home owners choose external insulation, and this choice is absolutely correct - external insulation of a wooden house is more effective.
At internal insulation not only decreases effective area premises, but the dew point also shifts inside the log house. Only the inner space, the log house itself constantly experiences changes in humidity and temperature, freezes in winter and rots in summer. The greatest destruction of the log house occurs with inside, covered with insulation.
External insulation protects not only the room, but also the log house itself from freezing. The dew point shifts to outside, and condensation occurs outside wooden structures, under a ventilated facade, where moisture dries quickly.
Materials for insulating a wooden house
As insulation for wooden houses, mats made of stone or mineral wool. It is not recommended to use polystyrene foam for insulating wooden structures, since it does not have vapor permeability and does not remove moisture vapor from the surface of the log house. Stone or mineral wool mats come in various thicknesses and densities. The denser the insulation, the easier it is to install and the longer it retains its properties. performance characteristics. Soft and loose mats often slide down and fall apart, forming dust that is harmful to health. Therefore, you should not skimp on high-quality insulation. Other advantages of stone or mineral wool include its non-flammability and unpopularity with rodents, unlike polystyrene foam.
In addition to the insulation, two layers of film are required: one is waterproofing and protects the frame from moisture penetration. It is placed on the protected wooden surface. This film must be vapor permeable and remove moisture from the log house through the insulation into the external environment. The second is wind and water protection; it is mounted on top of the thermal insulation. The purpose of this layer is to protect the insulation from moisture coming from the external environment. Waterproofing mineral insulation mandatory, since when wetted it loses its thermal insulation properties.
From the outside, the insulation is covered with any facing material with mandatory arrangement ventilation gap. This cladding is called a ventilated facade. Thanks to air circulation between the cladding and the walls, the formation of fungus and mold is eliminated, moisture is successfully removed from the insulation, and all conditions are created for the long service life of the log house and the entire building.
Technology for insulating a wooden house from the outside
- The walls of a log or timber house are treated with an antiseptic in two layers, focusing Special attention lower crown and corners. The ends of the logs are impregnated with antiseptic especially carefully, since they are most susceptible to rotting. It is best to carry out processing in warm, dry weather. After treatment, the walls are dried for 1-2 days.
- A waterproofing film with a vapor-permeable coating is secured to the walls using staples and staples. This film has different coating sides: the glossy one should be facing the insulation, and the porous one, capable of absorbing and removing moisture from the log house, should be facing the wall. The joints of the film are overlapped and taped with special mounting tape. Attached to film vertical sheathing from a block, the thickness of the block should correspond to the thickness of the insulation. The sheathing pitch is chosen 3-5 cm less than the width of the insulation mats. Layed flat, they will hold perfectly without additional fastening.
- Place on the film between the bars thermal insulation mats, slightly squeezing them. If necessary, the mats are cut with a regular knife. If the mats are not hard enough and do not stick well inside the frame, you can perform temporary hemming by fixing them with slats. The mats are finally secured using anchor nails. If it is necessary to lay several layers of thermal insulation, the subsequent layer of mats is laid with offset seams so that the upper mats overlap the joints of the lower ones. All work on laying mineral wool mats must be carried out wearing protective gloves and a respirator.
- A waterproof membrane film is attached to the brackets on top of the insulation. The waterproof surface must face outward. The joints are overlapped and taped.
Installing a hydro-windproof membrane film over the insulation using a stapler
- A ventilated frame must be installed on top of the film. It is also made from bars, providing a distance between the layer of insulation covered with wind protection and decorative facade at least 5 cm. The bars are attached to the lower frame with self-tapping screws, and if the walls are not level enough, then use perforated hangers for the profile, allowing you to adjust the distance to the frame. Under metal siding or corrugated sheeting, you can use a plasterboard profile instead of a block.
- The sheathing is fastened using the technology recommended by the manufacturer. For cladding, you can use vinyl siding, metal profiles, block house or imitation timber. When covering, make sure that there are no gaps through which moisture can penetrate into the facade.
An additional measure to protect a wooden house is insulation of the foundation and basement. It can be produced using or, as well as by spraying polyurethane foam. A ventilated façade or cladding is also mounted on top of the insulation layer. decorative stone or brick.
