We spray the trees with urea and copper sulfate in the spring. Using urea for autumn treatment of trees

Preface

Who among us would want to eat fruits in our diet if we learned that the trees on which they grew were treated with a large amount of chemicals? That's right, no one. What to do to get healthy harvest and what preparations are needed for garden treatment – read our article!

Required tools and materials

Bucket

Preparations for garden treatment - help yourself

For most citizens, the issue of using drugs used to treat the garden is quite important, because no one wants the chemicals to remain in the fruits and then enter the body. And everyone understands that poisoning yourself harmful substances dangerous. Meanwhile, experts in the agrochemical industry assure that these drugs are the most effective in the fight against diseases and all kinds of midges. The calendar they offer for treating gardens against pests has a fairly packed schedule. Thus, spraying is carried out in four stages: the first - before flowering, the second after, the third only 10 days after the second spraying and the fourth - 10-12 days after the previous one.
But, having our own garden, we can easily control the doses of the drug used on our site. After all, each of us can stop in time and not use this or that substance unnecessarily, using reasonable doses in the fight against, for example, apple trees.

So, there are several drugs most often used in garden treatment - urea (urea) and copper sulfate. Everyone has heard of at least one of them, even if they have nothing to do with gardening. The main advice from experts is as follows: if you have a healthy garden, then you should not treat it with so many drugs. There is no need to spray even if the concentration of pests on the trees is too low. This is acceptable. Problem areas can be treated selectively. It is also important to carry out, if you have already decided to do so, the treatment of trees on time and, most importantly, to properly dissolve the preparations before using them. If you still decide to spray, then find out which drugs affect which processes. The same policy should be followed at the market, where when buying fruits from hand, you can ask the owner of the garden about the class of chemistry he uses when growing them. Another thing is that no one guarantees you the truthfulness of the answer.

In our case, the number of treatments matters. After all, many have probably noticed that apples in supermarkets can be on the shelves for several weeks and not spoil at all. Most likely in in this case these products were processed more than once to achieve this result. So, if you bought a seemingly tasty and juicy fruit outside of the ripening season, this is not yet a reason to rejoice at the vitamins your body has received. Although, of course, quality control exists in the system of food procurement and sales, it is better to insure yourself and not take risks with such purchases.

Treating the garden with copper sulfate - what, why and why

Every summer resident wants to receive good harvest, but sometimes without using the same copper sulfate, you simply cannot get what you want. Pests that multiply at a rapid pace, along with plant diseases and not always favorable weather, generally lead to the fact that both bushes and trees in the area begin to die. Experts advise that if you experience a similar situation every year, use it against pests and diseases. chemicals– fungicides. They help prevent the most common bacterial and fungal diseases, and besides this, cure already diseased plants.

Thus, a solution of copper sulfate, the strength of which is 2%, is better to use early and late spring when spraying. Helps against fruit rot and a number of other diseases. When preparing the solution, it is necessary to take into account that it is mixed only in wooden or, possibly, in enamel containers. First, vitriol crystals are poured hot water so that they dissolve better, and then add a little more cold water. If you use copper sulfate in its pure form, you will simply burn your plants, so this solution can only be used in a mixture in a 1:2 ratio with slaked lime or soda.

The “Bordeaux liquid,” familiar to many, is a mixture of copper sulfate and milk of lime. This solution is successfully used against many fungal diseases, although it does not help to cure powdery mildew. You can prepare the liquid yourself - for this, use wooden dishes pour a little hot water and dissolve 1 kg of copper sulfate in it. Next you should add 50 liters cold water. In another container, 1 kg of lime is slaked. Then add 50 liters of water and filter. Before spraying, it is necessary to slowly pour the vitriol solution into the milk of lime. And then you can use it on plants.

Experts advise carefully carrying out such processes and mixing the compositions only in the specified sequence.

In addition, in no case should Bordeaux mixture be diluted with water after its preparation. And yet, you need to use the solution only in warm and dry weather, since in extreme heat, burns may remain on the leaves and fruits, and rain will simply negate all your efforts.

Treating the garden with urea increases yield and fights pests

Urea also copes with the invasion of insect pests on trees. Urea can be used both as a fertilizer and as a means of combating various pests. So carbamide (urea) is used for treatment after the arrival of heat, if the average daily temperature is plus 5 degrees or higher, until the buds begin to grow. In this case, pest control is carried out at the wintering stage. Trees are sprayed with a concentrated solution of urea, 500–700 grams per 10 liters of water. This treatment should be carried out if there was a pest invasion last season.

This solution also helps with diseases such as purple spotting or scab. Spraying the garden with urea can also be done in the fall. Tree leaves are sprayed, which helps reduce the ability of subsequent infection of the apple tree. Ammonium nitrate or potassium chloride can replace urea (carbamide). They only treat the soil with it, but not the bark and buds.
In addition, urea has long become widespread not only in large farms, but also in summer cottages as an effective nitrogen fertilizer. It accelerates the growth of the plant. In addition, they like to use it for its ease of use, rapid solubility and extraordinary ease of absorption by plants. This is the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer that can be used both for personal plots, and in large farms. Easily soluble in water, it is suitable for all types of soils as fertilizer and top dressing. Does not harm leaves and does not leave burns on plants. Let us remind you that the selection of dosage should always take into account the characteristics of the fertile layer and soil type

Tips for treating the garden with preparations:

Urea, or carbamide, is a chemical compound called carbonic acid diamide. The substance is represented by white crystals, soluble in polar solvents in the form of water, ethanol and liquid ammonia. If it is necessary to use urea together with other fertilizers, pH values must be taken into account.

Properties of urea

This amide nitrogen fertilizer is the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer known. The granular form has excellent physical characteristics, including non-caking and maintaining friability even after long-term storage. Ideal for root and foliar feeding, and is also part of the most effective complex fertilizers.

When applied to the soil, urea dissolves and turns into ammonium carbonate, which is an unstable compound that decomposes in air to ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia. The resulting ammonium is gradually absorbed by garden and vegetable crops, after which no acidic or alkaline residues remain.

Indications for use

Urea is recommended to be used as the main fertilizer on any type of soil and for a variety of fruit and berry plantings and vegetable or green crops in the garden. As a rule, urea is used in the following cases:

nitrogen starvation, which is manifested by a lag in growth and development, yellowing of leaves, weak flowering, absence of ovaries;
insufficient formation of fruits, as well as deformed appearance fruits or their shedding.

Tilling the garden and fertilizing garden crops should be carried out in the morning or evening hours. Standard instructions preparing the solution involves dissolving 30-40 g of urea in 10 liters of water. Features of application and application rate depend on the type of soil.

It is important to remember that spraying fruit and berry plantings with urea can slow down the growing season, which helps protect the ovaries from death in early spring. That is why such an event is recommended as one of the mandatory ones when cultivating early ripening varieties stone fruits Spring treatment garden plantings against diseases and pests with urea must be carried out in a timely manner.

Preparation for processing and processing

During the spring flowering of apple, plum and pear trees, it is recommended to treat the plants with urea. Such an event is very effective in preventing damage to garden plantings by leaf roller caterpillars, aphids, copperhead and apple blossom beetle. Before treatment, plants should be properly prepared.

Immediately before treatment, it is necessary to carry out sanitary pruning and remove all diseased or affected areas of the bark, cleaning them with a spatula or metal brush. Such preliminary preparation will be able to ensure direct contact of the solution with the affected area or cluster of pests during the spraying process.

Fertilizing gardening plantings

Urea, or urea, is deservedly one of the most popular and valuable fertilizers, due to the high content of easily digestible forms of nitrogen. This type of fertilizer can be applied separately or combined with other nutritional compounds, and used for root and foliar feeding precisely during those periods when the garden crop needs this activity most.

After determining the type of soil, you should turn your attention to botanical features and stage of cultural development.

Fertilizers are applied at the sowing or planting stage directly into the furrows or planting holes. However, in this case, a prerequisite is the use of a soil layer, which will help to avoid a decrease in indicators as a result of direct exposure to ammonia.

It is used for foliar feeding of vegetable crops. nutrient solution based on 9–15 g of granules diluted in 10 liters of water. As a rule, 55-60% of the volume of urea required for plant nutrition is applied in the autumn, and the remaining 40-45% should be applied in the spring.

Urea has also proven itself very well as a fertilizer for seedlings of most garden crops. In this case, the standard solution is used approximately two weeks before planting young plants on permanent place. Thus, urea is the most effective and affordable product in terms of cost and use.

The apple trees in our garden bear fruit one year and rest the next. Last year there were practically no apples, so we expect a rich harvest next summer. It cannot be said that the fruit trees on our site are very sick or affected by pests. But every spring we try to carry out preventive spraying. It happens that we forget or miss time, then the apples are slightly affected by scab. Conclusion: there is definitely a benefit to spring spraying the garden. Question: what is the best way to spray apple trees in spring??

Traditionally for spring garden spraying Bordeaux mixture is used. This topic was discussed in detail in the article. Treatment is carried out in early spring before buds open. They also use the now fashionable Fitosporin (we have not tried it yet, but we are planning to). And my grandmother read in one of the country magazines that spray fruit trees in spring useful with a strong solution urea (urea). But the dosage should be generous: 700-800 g per 10-liter bucket of water.

My husband and I looked at each other and decided to check it out. Why did such figures raise doubts? Yes, because for foliar feeding of apple trees, a dose of 30-50 g of urea per 10 liters of water is given. And to prevent diseases, it turns out that the dose should be 20 times higher!!! Upon arriving home from the dacha, I sat down to study reference books and this is what I managed to find out.

Urea solution for spraying trees: application

All sources give two doses for spring spraying:

30-50 g of urea per 10 liters of water (for foliar feeding),
500-800 g of urea per 10 liters of water (for the prevention of diseases and against pests).

But indeed, to treat trees in early spring BEFORE the buds swell (and this is the end of March - April), a solution of increased concentration is used. More often take 700 g of urea and dissolve in 10 liters of water. Can be added to the solution 50 g copper sulfate- it will increase its effectiveness.

So, when to spray:

At the end of March - April, along bare branches and sleeping buds.

If you are a beginner gardener, please note:

Urea can be sold in garden stores entitled "urea". Both options are actively used in speech.

Let's look at it in more detail

Vladislav Fatyanov in the book “Your Garden” talks about spraying trees in the spring with a 0.5% urea solution after flowering (for feeding) and 5% in late autumn (against scab). How to prepare a urea solution for spraying trees in the fall? The solution should be 5%, that is, take 500 g of urea per 10 liters of water.

B. D. Zhdanovich and L. I. Zhdanovich in the Reference Guide to Gardening recommend foliar feeding in the spring with a urea solution (2-3 matchboxes per 10 liters of water). This source recommends spraying with HIGH doses of fertilizers in September-October, as a top dressing and to combat pests and diseases. In this case, a 6-8% solution is prepared: 600 - 800 g of urea per 10 liters of water. The manual states that the tree trunk circles need to be sprayed.

Let's move on. M. Zhmakin in the book “Preparing the site for spring” in the section “Helping plants after wintering” he writes that urea is effective against scab pathogens fruit trees that overwinter in fallen leaves. In spring, apple and pear trees are sprayed with a 7% urea solution (700 g per 10 liters of water) . Solution consumption: 25 liters per 100 square meters. The author clarifies that the solution should not get on the bark of trees - this can cause a burn.

But before listing the preparations for chemical spraying (including urea), the author writes about abundantly wetting the branches and trunk with chemical solutions. In my opinion, there is some contradiction:

Important: The Encyclopedia says that Spraying in the spring should be carried out on dormant buds, before they bloom . The tree itself (crown, trunk) and the soil in the circle around the trunk are sprayed.

How to dilute urea for spraying?

So, after analyzing these sources, we can conclude:

Urea should be diluted for spraying fruit trees in the spring (before buds open) or in the fall (after harvest) in a proportion of 500-800 g per 10 liters of water. Most authors talk about a dose of 700 g per 10 liters for spring spraying. This treatment is carried out for the purpose of disease prevention.
And as a foliar feeding, use the dose: 30 - 50 g per 10 liters of water:

An alternative to urea is solutions of copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture:

How to prepare a urea solution for spraying trees?

We conducted our own experiment and prepared a solution of urea (carbamide) for spraying trees in the spring, according to the above recommendations.

Pour 500 or 700 g of urea (not a whole pack) into a 10-liter bucket.

2. Filled with water.

3. Strain the solution, because even the smallest particles can clog the sprayer.

How to spray trees with urea in spring?

Spraying is very convenient to carry out using the Zhuk garden sprayer. Our gardener neglected the safety rules, and should have covered his face and hands. The solution is very concentrated, and therefore contact with the skin and mucous membranes can cause a chemical burn. It is recommended to spray trees in cloudy, non-rainy weather, in the morning or evening.

Have you tried spraying trees with urea? Share your experience in the comments 😉 we will be glad!

The use of urea in the garden as a fertilizer is in demand when it is necessary to improve the soil characteristics of any type of soil, as well as as a top dressing garden trees, berry plantations or garden plants. To get the maximum effect, the instructions must be followed, both on the timing and on the dose of urea application.

Urea: appearance and chemical composition

Urea or urea is a chemical compound, the end product of protein metabolism and the most concentrated of all known to date. nitrogen fertilizers. The release form is granular, which provides the fertilizer with excellent physical characteristics, and also prevents caking and allows urea to retain good performance dispersibility.

This type of fertilizer is used for feeding any agricultural and garden crops in the form of a solution, and is also in demand as root and foliar feeding. Urea is actively used as a component in the production of complex fertilizers, and is also included in many slow-acting nitrogen-containing fertilizers.

In its pure form, urea is a colorless crystalline substance, odorless and having the following characteristics:

solubility indicators in aqueous media depend on temperature regime liquids and can vary between 50-95 g;
the substance is soluble in media such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and others;
It is distinguished by its ability to form compounds containing inorganic and organic substances.

Colorless granules of fertilizer, represented by urea, have sizes ranging from 1-4 mm, and the mass fraction of nitrogen is 46.2%.

Properties of urea (video)

Instructions for using urea in the garden as a fertilizer

Urea is very soluble in aqueous media, when applied to soils, has the effect of slightly acidifying the soil, so liming is performed if necessary.

Culture	Interval in weeks	Total feeding	First application after planting or sowing	Norm per hundred square meters	Norm per sq.m.
Eggplant		Four times	3-4 weeks
		No less three times
bell pepper			3-4 weeks
Zucchini and squash			3-4 weeks
		One time
Celery		One time	Three weeks
Salad crops			Three weeks
			Three weeks
		One time
Melons		Four times
		Four times	Three weeks
Peas and beans		Four times
Potato			Three weeks

Urea must be added to the soil in advance, in early spring or before autumn plowing. It is allowed to use amide substances in the form of aqueous solutions during irrigation, or in the process of direct mixing with soil during loosening.

Foliar feeding of garden plants is indicated for any vegetable crops with severe nitrogen starvation, as well as if massive shedding of ovaries is observed. In this case spraying green mass with a properly prepared urea solution is especially effective and gives the fastest possible results. To prepare such a solution for foliar nutrition of plants, you need to dissolve 5-10 g in a liter of water room temperature. This amount is enough to process 20 square meters of ridges. Such an event should be carried out only in the morning or evening, after sunset.

Features and options for using urea in the garden

When using urea, it should be remembered that application as a granular fertilizer involves shallow incorporation into the soil, which will prevent urea from being washed out of the soil during rains or irrigation.

It is important to note that this method of protection is strictly prohibited for use on vegetable crops, and neglect of the rule causes the death of the aboveground part of garden plants.

To treat the crown of fruit trees, it is recommended to use a bucket-based solution warm water, in which you need to dilute 0.5 kg of fertilizer. This amount of product can be processed about ten square meters garden plantings and berry bushes. Spraying of trees and bushes is carried out in the fall, immediately after leaf fall. As a rule, it is enough to perform just one treatment to get rid of insects and pathogenic microflora.

Urea for trees: spraying (video)

How and when to feed trees and shrubs with urea

If plants need not only effective protection, but also high-quality feeding, then Fertilizers are applied to the tree trunk in compliance with the following standards:

young apple and pear trees – 0.15 kg;
fruiting apple and pear trees – 0.25 kg;
young cherries and plums, as well as other stone fruits – 75 g;
fruiting cherries and plums, as well as other stone fruits – 0.12-0.14 kg;
berry crops – 75 g.

Surface fertilizing in tree trunk circles is carried out by spraying the solution, after which the soil is cultivated with a rake. It is most effective to carry out such an event in the spring, as well as at the stage of active fruiting of garden plants and berry bushes.

Advantages and disadvantages of urea as a fertilizer

Urea or carbamide, used as a fertilizer, has a significant number of positive properties, Among which the most important are the following:

a urea-based solution is quickly and effectively absorbed by any crops that are hypersensitive to high soil pH;
correctly performed foliar feedings are not capable of causing burns on the leaf blades of plants;
Fertilizing with urea, carried out in a timely manner and in compliance with application standards, can significantly increase the yield of not only fruit and berry plants, but also garden and vegetable plants.

Urea is not without some disadvantages that must be taken into account in the process of feeding fruits, vegetables and green crops:

an increased concentration of urea in the soil very often becomes the main reason for a decrease in the germination rates of seed material;
When storing fertilizer, it is necessary to follow certain rules that allow you to maintain the activity of the active substance;
urea should not be mixed with other compounds used for feeding garden crops.

The principle of operation of the active component is very simple. When it gets into the soil, a reaction occurs with fermentative components and soil bacteria.

During the first couple of days there is quite a stormy chemical reaction, converting the introduced urea into ammonium carbonate. Contact with air causes transformation into ammonia gaseous state. It is for this reason that it is necessary to thoroughly incorporate the applied substance into the upper soil layers. It should be remembered that when such compositions are used on soils that have a strong alkaline or simply neutral reaction, significant losses and a decrease in overall efficiency are very often observed.

Fertilizers for the garden: varieties (video)

Urea is currently considered one of the better shape nitrogen fertilizers, suitable for both foliar and root feeding of any garden plants and fruit and berry crops. Properly diluted and applied in accordance with the instructions, the compositions do not burn the foliage of garden crops and are able to be absorbed in the form of a whole, non-decomposed molecule, which has a positive effect on the quality and quantitative characteristics harvest. When used on light-composition soddy-podzolic soils with sufficient moisture and good irrigation, the use of urea is more effective than the application of ammonium nitrate.