Let's consider building a house from profiled timber. We will learn about the stages of construction, as well as the rules for operating such houses.
Possession own dacha somewhere outside the city, away from city noise and obvious environmental problems - the dream, without a doubt, of every city dweller. Moreover, this should not be a rickety shack with leaky roofing and cracks in the walls, but real home, with all the attributes of a comfortable stay.
Houses made of profiled timber
And every city dweller can realize his dream of a country holiday in his own comfortable dacha by paying attention to houses made of timber - the most natural material.
The cellular structure of wood is heterogeneous - in the middle of the trunk it is denser, contains a large amount of resin (in coniferous trees) or tannins (in deciduous trees). Sap flow in the core of a tree trunk is completely absent, so it is more durable. Therefore, profiled timber is made only from the sound, more durable part of the wood.
A wooden beam is usually given the following transverse profile: outer side(facing the street) in the shape of a semi-oval or flat, with or without chamfered; the inner side is straight; On the upper and lower sides, tenons and grooves are cut for the subsequent groove-tenon connection.
Let's look at how exactly profiled timber is produced. The starting material for its creation is edged timber made from pine growing in the northern regions of Russia - such wood is denser and stronger, and contains less moisture.
The edged timber is subject to strict input control - the cross-section is strictly rectangular, there should be no deviations in the corners and cutting lines. Accordingly, timber affected by insects and fungus is completely discarded.
Before the edged timber is subjected to profiling, it is kept for 3-5 months in natural drying warehouses or placed in forced drying chambers. The moisture content of the timber before its profiling should not exceed 22%.
Profiling is carried out on four-sided woodworking machines with a number of spindles of at least six, the minimum cross-section of the workpiece beam is 250x240 mm. During processing on the machine, the edged beam takes on a strictly calculated shape or profile, and each of the four processed surfaces acquires exceptional smoothness.
Domestic enterprises most often produce profiled timber with a section of 95x95, 95x145, 145x145, 145x195 and 195x195 mm, with a length of 6000 mm. To build the external walls of a house or bathhouse from timber, a cross-section of at least 145x145 mm is used; timber of a smaller cross-section is used for internal partitions.
Pros and cons of profiled timber
Positive characteristics:
- factory production of the beam profile, which completely eliminates any modification at the installation site;
- absence of gaps between adjacent elements when installing walls, their reliable connection, ensuring protection of the outer (street) side of the walls from impact atmospheric precipitation without additional exterior finishing;
- short time construction of the building, no more than one to two months;
- a building made of timber does not require a heavy foundation (depending on the design of the building) - a strip or even a columnar one will be quite sufficient;
- the shrinkage of a building made from profiled timber is significantly less than that of buildings made from non-profiled timber wooden materials;
- lower, compared to profiled laminated veneer lumber and rounded logs, the cost is about 10,000 rubles. per cubic meter;
- profiling of timber is carried out only in the factory, i.e. no additional adjustment is required at the site of construction of the building;
- high aesthetics of houses made of timber. If the building is used as a summer cottage during the warm season facade finishing will not need.
Negative characteristics:
- susceptible negative impact atmospheric phenomena, flammable Impregnation required by special means to increase fire and bioprotective properties;
- Natural humidity leads to the formation of cracks during drying in the warm season. It is better to build a house from timber, subjected to chamber drying with a decrease in humidity to 20% or lower;
- the thickness of the walls made of profiled timber is insufficient for its operation in cold season- additional insulation of walls is required outside;
- After the construction of a house made of timber, any work on its redevelopment or superstructure is impossible.
It is worth noting separately that fire retardants and biocides with which the timber is impregnated in order to increase its performance characteristics, are harmful to humans only at the time of processing - after complete drying, the special means do not affect the human body or domestic animals in any way.
House made of timber - construction technology
According to the finished working drawings, construction work takes place in five stages: foundation work; installation of the base of the house on the foundation; assembly of external walls and internal partitions; construction of the roof - rafters, sheathing and roof decking; interior decoration.
Building a foundation
In terms of timing, this is the longest stage in the construction of a house made of timber. If the building does not have any underground premises and provided that the local soils are not heaving, then columnar foundation- to the freezing depth (usually more than 1.5 m), with a 3 m step between pillars made of brick or concrete, a 200 mm gravel-sand cushion is poured under the pillars. The foundation pillars are connected to each other by a fence wall made of brick, rubble stone or concrete.
Its width is 100-200 mm, depth of laying in the ground: 200–300 mm. Along the perimeter of the fence, on each side of the house, vent holes are made to ventilate the underground; in the summer the vents are kept open, in the winter they are tightly plugged. Building a strip foundation will take more time and cash costs, however, it is more stable on heaving soils. We discussed the procedure for constructing a strip foundation in the article: “ Strip foundation: step-by-step instruction".
Installation of a log house
Upon completion of the foundation work, the house is tied - they are placed on the foundation lower crowns and supports for timber partitions, as well as joists for flooring. Then the assembly of the external walls begins, the timber that forms them is connected to each other according to the “groove-tenon” principle and with the help of wooden dowels, a groove seal made of jute or flax fibers is placed between the beams.
During the assembly process, openings for doors and windows are formed. After the walls are erected, further terms of work depend on what kind of profiled timber is used - natural or chamber drying. In the first case, you will need to pause construction work for about six months for shrinkage of the exposed log house.
The humidity of naturally dried timber is about 22–30%, chamber-dried timber is 12–20%, i.e. a log frame made from naturally dried timber will settle by about 7–10%, and chamber-dried timber by 3%. If time is not allocated for drying and the building is completely finished, then displacements in window and doorways, as well as in certain areas where walls and partitions meet.
Construction work using chamber-drying profiled timber does not require a break to dry out the frame, which allows construction to be completed in a short time.
Creating a roof
The elements of the truss structure are assembled on the ground, the pediments are sheathed with clapboard - ready-made elements roofs are installed on the frame. Next on truss structure fits waterproofing film, the sheathing is attached with a pitch corresponding to a certain roofing covering, and the roof is laid.
Interior decoration
At this final stage, the installation of internal partitions, installation window frames And door frames. The rough flooring and ceiling are installed, insulation is laid on top, then the floor and ceiling are finished with a finishing coating. Before finishing communication networks are laid on the ceiling and floor - electrical, water supply, sewerage and, if necessary, heating.
In conclusion
Price country house With attic floor made of profiled timber, 6x6 meters in size, will be about 380,000 rubles. - this price includes construction and Decoration Materials, as manufacturers usually say, in “ basic configuration" In other words, if some finishing materials do not suit you, you will have to pay extra.
Delivery is not included in the base price and is paid additionally - on average 70 rubles per kilometer. Installation work are also included in the price of the building. By the way, panel houses of a similar size will cost future owners less - about 290,000 rubles.
In addition to wooden dowels, it is allowed to install walls made of timber on metal dowels, provided that they do not protrude from the walls, both externally and externally. inside, i.e. it is necessary to recess the metal dowels into the timber and reliably isolate them from moisture, otherwise they will rust. The advantage of metal dowels is the ability to level the walls after seasonal movements of the foundation.
A house made of timber without additional insulation of external walls can be used comfortably only in the warm season - with the onset of cold weather it will not be warm enough, and increasing the number of radiators in the heating system will not help much, and heating costs will be too high. Optimal solution- in laying basalt insulation according to external walls followed by covering them with clapboard or siding.
The thermal conductivity of walls made of wooden beams depends on climate zone, in which pine trees grew - the further north, the greater the density of its structure.
The service life of houses made of timber will be at least 50 years, but only if the building is maintained - a waterproof roof, periodic treatment of the walls with antiseptic preparations and fire retardants. The condition of the roof must be checked in autumn and spring, both from the inside (if possible) and from the outside.
If roof covering made of metal, watch out for damage to the paint layer - exposure of the metal base will lead to corrosion, i.e. any scratches must be painted over. In addition, drainage systems must be cleaned at least twice a year.
To protect the foundation and subfloor from moisture, monitor the condition of the blind area around the perimeter of the building, and do not plant green spaces that require regular watering near the building. Closer to the spring snowmelt, owners need to visit their Vacation home from timber - remove snow from the roof, throwing it at least one and a half meters from the walls in bulk, without forming snowdrifts.
To avoid mice and rats from entering the subfloor, and birds from entering the attic (attic), it is necessary to close the vent openings with bars and, when leaving the house for a long time, check the reliability of the closure of the window sashes.
Don’t rush into placing an order for construction from profiled timber, be it a summer house or a turnkey bathhouse, first make sure of the professionalism of the performers - evaluate their already built houses, talk to the owners. published
If you have any questions on this topic, ask them to the experts and readers of our project.
Recently, private developers are increasingly deciding to build a house from timber, calculating the pros and cons in advance. Accordingly, during the construction process it becomes possible to increase the advantages and reduce the disadvantages. But to do this as fully as possible, you need to know well the capabilities of the material used.
Houses made of timber are distinguished by good heat and sound insulation, as well as ease of construction and low price.
What type of timber is there?
For construction small cottages, private houses and outbuildings, three types of timber are used:
- ordinary;
- profiled;
- rounded.
Each variety has its own design features. The usual one has a square or rectangular cross-section and equal thickness, which allows you to make walls of the same thickness and with minimal gaps between the beams. Nevertheless, this material is more often used for laying floors or for constructing high-quality roof structures. For the construction of walls wooden houses It is rarely used; it is mainly used to build small unheated outbuildings - barns or summer outbuildings.
A distinctive design feature of profiled timber is the presence of additional ridges, grooves and locks in it. Such timber is easy to connect, and the walls made from it have better thermal insulation compared to usual. Therefore, it is most often used for the construction of walls of a residential building or bathhouse.
Rounded timber is usually called a regular log that has undergone special treatment. In appearance, it is an almost even cylinder, at the ends of which special docking grooves are made for ease of installation.
According to the production method, a distinction is made between solid and laminated timber. A solid one is obtained by sawing rectangular beams of the same length and thickness from a wooden trunk. To obtain laminated veneer lumber, several boards are glued together. Its manufacturing technology includes two stages: first, the boards are treated with special compounds to increase its resistance to fire, rotting and damage by insects, and then they are glued together using special resins.
This technology makes it possible to obtain material from several related types of wood, for example, spruce and pine. In addition, during its production, the boards are glued in such a way that the fibers of the glued wood do not coincide. Log houses built from such material receive an additional margin of safety.
Advantages of a house made of timber
Regardless of the type of timber used in construction, such a house remains a wooden house. It turns out to be much lighter than a house made of brick or concrete blocks, therefore, it does not require an expensive massive foundation.
Wood is an environmentally friendly, breathable material. Since the timber is mainly made from coniferous wood, throughout the entire period of operation of such a house it will have a special “forest” atmosphere that is very beneficial for human health due to the essential resins constantly released by the tree.
And although when using laminated veneer lumber, the environmental friendliness indicator decreases slightly due to the resins used for gluing the boards, which contain low-toxic substances, the environmental friendliness of such a house remains very high.
A house built from timber is quite durable and has a beautiful appearance. The interior of such a house can easily do without additional finishing, which is not inherent in any other building material. And under conditions of moderate humidity and mainly mild winters you can do without their external decoration.
Compliance with strict geometric shapes material greatly facilitates and speeds up the assembly of the house. In addition, the construction of a house from timber, if necessary, can be carried out almost all year round, which is impossible when using other building materials.
How construction material timber has good thermal insulation properties. Especially in this regard, its profiled appearance is advantageous, providing due to its design features the tightest fit of the beams to each other. In a house built from timber with a wall thickness of 20 cm, heat loss will be comparable to this indicator brick walls 50 cm. Although this is not always enough to maximize heat retention in a room, this figure is still far superior to the thermal insulation of panel slabs used in the construction of high-rise buildings.
Disadvantages of timber houses
A high-quality timber has almost no flaws. In fact, the disadvantages include the comparative fragility of wooden buildings, subject to rot and fire. Impregnation with special antiseptics and fire retardants can partially solve this problem. All glued laminated timber is sold already treated with such impregnations, but when purchasing regular and rounded timber, this point must be clarified with the seller.
Although it is still unknown which is better. When processing yourself, you will in any case use only high-quality and environmentally friendly impregnations. But such impregnations are expensive, so most manufacturers, in order to save money, use cheaper analogues that are not environmentally friendly.
In any case, you will have to make a choice between environmental friendliness and the durability of the house, since after all the necessary impregnations have been carried out, we can only talk about environmental friendliness conditionally.
Regular and rounded types shrink, they can crack, and regular timber can become deformed. According to the manufacturers, laminated veneer lumber is free from these disadvantages, but only if the entire technological chain of its production is followed correctly.
Although the lack of shrinkage in laminated timber is more of a marketing ploy than a real state of affairs. European manufacturers of timber, where quality control is at the proper level, indicate in the instructions for their products that over the course of a year it can shrink by about 2 cm per 1 m of wood. Therefore, despite the simplicity and relative speed of installation, final finishing walls and the installation of internal communications can begin no earlier than a year after installing the frame of the house.
There is one more important aspect assembly, which can be considered both a plus and a minus when building a house from laminated veneer lumber. The length of laminated veneer lumber can be 6 or 12 m, which is quite enough for the construction of small private cottages. If necessary, the length of the timber can be increased to 20 m. It is just impossible to lay timber of this length on your own; assistants will be needed.
Many manufacturers of profiled timber claim that a house built from it does not need additional insulation. In fact, insulating gaskets in connecting grooves are never superfluous, and when building a house from ordinary or rounded timber, they are a mandatory structural element.
Each type of timber has its own strengths and weaknesses. And when choosing materials for building a house, you need to know and take them into account in order to make an informed choice. For example, many construction companies They sell material manufactured in violation of technology, most often under-dried. Naturally, prices for such material will be much lower, but it will not be possible to build a house from it, since in the future it will warp and will not fit properly into the wall.
To avoid falling for these marketing tricks, you must always remember that a quality product has an appropriate price.
Today, the construction market is overflowing with various building materials, which makes the choice even more difficult for the consumer. It's hard to decide what is better and more profitable to buy. Despite the abundance of various building materials, wood is still very popular for the construction of houses.
Article material:
| Features of houses made of timber. | |
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Main advantages log houses. |
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Disadvantages of building a house with timber. |
Every owner who plans construction wants to know what advantages and disadvantages houses made of timber have. This article will help you understand this issue.
In our time timber technology very common and used for the construction of seasonal facilities and houses, for permanent residence. High-quality materials allow you to erect high-quality buildings with minimal experience in this field and low material costs. Making a choice aside of this material, you need to know its main parameters:- Humidity comes first, since timber can be naturally wet or dry.
- Profiled or not.
- Based on the manufacturing principle, it is divided into laminated and solid wood.
All these indicators affect the characteristics of the timber and directly the speed of construction. Eg, high humidity material requires additional time for shrinkage of structures. The airflow of the walls also depends on the type of profile.
The technology for constructing log houses and other structures is quite simple; two people are enough to complete all processes. Of course, when hiring professionals, construction will speed up significantly, but costs will also increase. It should be noted that small specific gravity timber allows you to save on foundation construction. Instead of expensive monolithic structures you can get by with a more advantageous columnar or strip base.
Houses made of timber: advantages and disadvantages
Before noting the main pros and cons of this building material, it is necessary to remember that for the construction of cottages three types of timber are used, which have differences and certain limitations in use. Main types:
- Ordinary timber with different sections. In most cases, it is used to create structures for roofs, floors and in the construction of walls. Speaking necessary material during frame construction, since it is used to make the frame of the house with subsequent insulation and finishing. Quite often, this type of timber is used for the construction of garages, sheds and other outbuildings. It should be noted that this is eventually completely covered by other materials.
- For building houses more benefits than the disadvantages, it has a profiled bursa. This is one of the highest quality wood materials.
- The third type is rounded timber. With its help you can build truly beautiful and unique objects. Rounded models are an ordinary log that has been shaped into an almost perfectly even cylinder. Moreover, they have factory-made joining grooves, which significantly speeds up the construction process.
All these materials are widely used in the construction of houses, but each of them has its own characteristics.
Advantages of a house made of timber
Regardless of the type of timber used, wooden houses are distinguished by their lightness of construction, which allows saving on creating a foundation. Wood is an environmentally friendly and natural material that breathes. It should be noted that mainly for construction residential buildings use conifers, which allows you to fill the room with the pleasant smell of essential resins.
Structures made from timber have the following characteristics:- Environmental friendliness. In this aspect, no modern building material can compete with wood. Of course, you can find various advertising articles about the harmlessness of polyamides or plastic, but this is not true. Such materials will highlight harmful substances and cause damage to human health. The only question is their quantity.
- When using prepared timber, building a house will take about 10-20 days. The speed of construction directly affects the cost and wages of workers, which is another plus.
- Wood has low thermal conductivity, which provides additional savings on home heating.
- Excellent sound insulation performance.
- Working with timber does not require any additional knowledge in the construction industry.
- The overall lightness of the structure does not require the construction of expensive monolithic foundation, you can get by with columnar or strip.
- Using quality materials there is no need for additional finishing, since the house will already receive an amazing aesthetic appearance. And this again saves money.
- For houses made from timber, there is no need to buy expensive air conditioners and insulation, since the material perfectly allows air to pass through and creates optimal conditions microclimate.
- Using wood in building a house will create cozy atmosphere with a subtle forest aroma.
- High-quality materials and compliance with all technologies during construction ensure the durability of objects.
Disadvantages of timber houses
Professionally made wooden beams have virtually no disadvantages. However, when using material of questionable quality and not following construction technologies, various problems may arise. Each type of timber has the following disadvantages:
- Initially, it should be noted that wood is not a durable material.
- The material is subject to rotting processes. Insects can also cause significant damage. To avoid such problems, it is necessary additional processing antiseptics.
- When building with wet timber, it takes a lot of time for the building to completely shrink. It should be noted that the overall shrinkage of the erected log houses is quite large and can reach 10%. To prevent distortions and deformations of the walls, it takes about one year for complete shrinkage.
- High flammability of the material. The most modern and high-quality fireproofing impregnations cannot completely eliminate this risk factor. As a consolation, we can only note that plastic burns even more easily and releases toxic substances.
- When using rounded timber, longitudinal cracks may occur during shrinkage, and regular timber may become deformed.
- Over time, even the most quality timber will lose its original appearance.
- Long-term operation of such structures requires special and expensive maintenance.
Low construction costs. The technology for constructing timber houses is one of the most affordable in price. Only frame construction can be cheaper, but this is not a fact either. When comparing similar projects, taking into account all possible nuances, it may well turn out that a house built from profiled timber will cost less than a frame one. The low cost of construction is explained by the lack of need for a massive foundation, the manufacturability of the process, minimal time costs, and the affordability of the material itself.
Minimum construction time. Houses made of profiled timber can be assembled in a matter of weeks, while the construction of a brick or block structure can take a whole season. Often, when building houses from timber, factory kits of varying degrees of readiness are used - from blanks cut to size to a complete set of elements, which also speeds up the process.
Ecological cleanliness. Profiled timber - natural natural material, ensuring ideal hygiene and ecology of life. It is also able to naturally regulate indoor humidity and maintain optimal temperature regime. Even purely psychologically, a person is much more comfortable being in a “hug” wooden house than to feel the “pressure” of stone or concrete walls, and this - important point. People who have experience living in wooden houses, note that brick, block and other buildings seem cold and unwelcoming to them.
No need for interior finishing. When desired interior decoration timber house can be produced using clapboard or block house. But is this necessary? The profiled timber itself looks aesthetically pleasing. The only thing worth doing, provided there are no noticeable flaws on the surface of the timber, is to treat the walls with stain or coat them with colorless varnish. This technique will highlight the natural grain of the wood, and is especially effective when it comes to timber made from valuable species.
High-quality thermal insulation. Today, profiled timber is increasingly used for the construction of permanent houses for all-season use. And this is a completely justified step. A house assembled without violating technology with correctly selected wall thickness, without cracks or gaps, reliably protects owners from the cold without requiring additional thermal insulation. In winter, such houses are warm and cozy, and in summer, residents enjoy pleasant coolness.
Disadvantages of a house made of timber
When describing the advantages of houses made of timber, in order to maintain objectivity, it should be noted that this material also has a number of weaknesses. But modern technologies and materials make it possible to partially or completely neutralize their manifestations.
Fire hazard. Any wooden buildings are at increased risk of fire. But in the case of timber house this threat is easily eliminated. For this purpose, special refractory compounds are used. Timber impregnated with fire retardant becomes resistant to fire. However, this is not a reason to neglect fire safety standards.
Aging of wood under the influence of external factors. Moisture, temperature changes, microorganisms, insects and time are not best friends timber houses. But there is a solution here too. The biological factor is leveled by impregnating the timber with special antiseptic compounds. The tightness of the ends, which prevents the penetration of moisture into the material, is ensured by painting or varnishing them. Correct and timely implementation of such events guarantees that a house made of timber will serve its owners for 50 to 100 years.
Check out the projects of houses made of timber from our catalog, the best sellers. Construction period - from 10 days.
Free shipping house kits to the Ring Road and MKAD. We guarantee our work.
Advantages of non-profiled timber:
- Affordable price.
- Short production and delivery times.
- Easy to assemble.
- Non-profiled timber retains moisture, and this simplifies the harvesting process.
Technology for assembling log walls from timber
The walls of the first floor are erected to a height of 2.4-3 m (this is laid down in the project). After this, the ceilings of the first floor are installed and construction of the second floor or attic begins. Their walls can be made either in a frame version, or also in timber - it all depends on the wishes of the future owner.
One of the points worth paying attention to is negels
Pins are necessary to connect the beams to each other. This prevents them from twisting. To do this, drill three beams in increments of 30-40 cm and insert a wooden dowel (preferably birch or oak) with a diameter of 3-4 cm into the hole without effort. Such holes alternate in a checkerboard pattern along the length and height of the wall. The wooden dowel will not allow the beams to twist, but, unfortunately, it will not press them together. Therefore, the upper, lightly loaded crowns sometimes bend in the vertical plane.
After installing the timber walls, they begin laying the floors.
Features of interior decoration
But before you begin the interior decoration, the first thing you need to do is to re-caulk the gaps between the crowns. In the future, repeated shrinkage of the walls is likely (it is better to give it certain time– 10-20 days), but it is much smaller than the primary one and does not pose a danger. Then you can begin finishing operations, installing windows and doors (if they were not installed at the first stage).
When choosing an option interior decoration We must remember that a log house is in motion all its life: the wood picks up moisture from the air and releases it. And this process involuntarily imposes restrictions on finishing methods. So, it is better not to use drywall - thin cracks will certainly appear on its leveled and puttied joints when the building moves. The use of so-called sliding sheathing can help. In this case, elongated slots are made in the vertical slats hemmed to the beam, into the center of which self-tapping screws are screwed in to secure the slats to the wall (as the wall shrinks, the screw changes its position in the slot, but does not cause deformation of the sheathing). However, the possibility of deformation even of such a design still exists.
Insulation and exterior decoration of the house
The simplest option exterior finishing- plan the walls and then cover them with a bio-moisture-proofing compound. You can cover them with bricks, if that’s what it was originally designed for. Also as outer skin You can use clapboard, blockhouse, siding and other materials. The choice depends only on the taste and financial capabilities of the home owners.
House made of profiled timber.
Profiled timber is a durable, environmentally friendly, clean, natural material. The structure of the wood in profiled timber is not disturbed and no glue or any chemicals are used in its production. The walls of the house made of profiled timber “breathe”. Thanks to this, the air in such a house will always remain fresh, even when closed windows, humidity is optimal, and heat is distributed over the area of the house by the walls themselves, creating comfortable conditions for life.
The shape of the profile prevents rainwater from getting between the beams, which in turn protects the walls from rotting.
Cracks in walls made of profiled timber are an order of magnitude smaller in depth and width than in rounded logs, this is due to the nature of the internal stress in the timber
Advantages of laminated veneer lumber
- stability of shape (exclusion of deformations) of the finished product during manufacturing and operation
- possibility of manufacturing structures large sizes(up to 60 m in length)
- minimal shrinkage when used in log houses
- high fire resistance
- no through cracking
- high thermal insulation compared to solid wood
- strength and durability
- “furniture” quality of surfaces
- the glue content is negligible compared to OSB, LVL, chipboard, plywood
Disadvantages of laminated timber
