Steps for porch on three sides. How to build a porch made of wood - a beautiful and functional addition to the entrance to the house

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Any self-respecting house cannot do without a porch, which, in turn, cannot imagine “being” without steps. When you see any building, your gaze always lingers on the facade of the building, whose incomparable decoration can be the “culprits” of this article. How to make steps to the porch with your own hands so that the heart of every passer-by sank with delight is interesting to many. We will tell you about several options, but first you will have to do some tedious but necessary calculations.

Calculation of the number of steps for the porch

The steps consist of horizontal parts, which are called treads, and vertical parts, called risers. There are no strict requirements here, because the following factors play a major role:

size of steps;
porch height;
the height of the march and its angle of inclination;
relief features.

When calculating, the following data is taken into account:

The angle of the porch. The ideal is called 27°. Such a staircase will turn out to be quite flat, so neither the old nor the young will have problems with climbing.
Width of the flight of stairs. If 90 cm is enough for one person, then it will be quite difficult for two people to pass each other without pushing each other on such a staircase. For large families, you should think about a width of up to 1.5 m. A large size is of no use if crowds of people do not come to you.
Step height. There is a choice here - from 16 to 21 cm. There is no need to go lower or higher.
Tread depth. It is necessary that a human foot fit comfortably into this area, so the usual figure is 27-32 cm.

There is one more nuance that you need to remember when pouring the porch of a “freshly rebuilt” house: it will shrink, which means the porch should be several centimeters lower. Now you can start making calculations.

Desired steps: which shape to prefer?

The most popular is the usual rectangular one, but sometimes you can also find trapezoidal steps. If we talk about the shape of the section, then there is a larger assortment:

Block, when the upper one slightly overhangs the lower (3 cm) step, but does not touch it. They are connected using a mortar joint.
Slab. There are steps with unlined risers, and without them at all.
Triangular. Vertical surface they are beveled.
Angular. They have a similar cross section. There are both hanging and standing ones.

The simplest are slab steps and corner standing ones.

Assortment of building materials: your own option for everyone

There are building materials that are successfully used to make porch stairs. Here's the big list:

concrete;
tree.

Many do not stop at one of the options, but use combinations various materials. Therefore, we must first consider each technology.

Concrete: steps for centuries

In addition to “longevity” and strength, there are several more advantages - the steps can be given any, most incredible, shape, and there is a huge selection of materials for their finishing.

Such a heavy structure cannot exist without a foundation, so the area should be thoroughly cleaned and then a pit should be dug; its depth should be 70 cm, this is the minimum. It falls asleep sand cushion, a frame made of reinforcement is placed on top, then the formwork is made. The operation is completed by pouring concrete. After 3 days, you can begin further work.

A layer of waterproofing is laid on the dried foundation, most often it is roofing felt. The formwork is made of boards or plywood, with additional stiffening ribs and vertical supports attached to its sides. This design must exactly repeat the drawing of the staircase.

After the formwork is ready, the main work begins.

The side parts of the future flight of stairs are installed, then the boards for the steps are attached, and this must be done with a slope of about 5° so that water does not linger there and ice does not freeze in winter.
Next, the formwork for the steps is reinforced, after which the mortar is poured. This is done layer by layer, each step is poured separately, the concrete is pierced with reinforcing bars or a stake, then compacted.
After the concrete has dried, the formwork is dismantled and finishing work can begin.

How to veneer concrete steps?

To finish staircases, paving or porcelain tiles, stone or clinker are often used. First, they line the porch, then the treads, then move on to the risers and the side of the stairs.

Wood: simplicity and accessibility

This option is also popular, because such ladders do not require much skill. The craftsman just needs to stock up on materials and carpentry tools in advance.

How to choose the best material?

We must warn you that the wood must be well dried, so it is worth preparing the material in advance. Drying fresh wood will take about 4 months, and it must always be warm and dry. If you don’t want to wait that long, then there is another option - to purchase wood that has already been processed. When the lumber is of high quality, its chips should break easily. Before proceeding with the construction of steps, the wood must be treated with waterproofing compounds: for example, bitumen mastic.

Wood coniferous species refers to budget options. If you have no intention of saving on steps for the porch, then larch or cedar can be an excellent choice. Such wood will not rot even in conditions of high humidity, which means that the steps will serve you for quite a long time.

How are wooden stairs made?

First of all, a drawing is prepared, then construction of the foundation begins. It must be chosen depending on the size of the porch: if they are small, the role of the foundation can be brilliantly performed by concrete pillars or flat stones.

When settling in pile foundation it is extremely important to know the level of soil freezing in order to be able to deepen the piles below this mark by 20 cm. For other types of foundation, 70 cm is enough. After the base has hardened, you can begin installing the Mauerlat. It requires a powerful beam, its length should be the same as the width of the future staircase.

The foundation is covered with roofing felt, then the mauerlat is secured with anchors. Then the stringers are fixed to the upper support column and the mauerlat with metal brackets. Risers and steps are attached to this structure with self-tapping screws. Installation occurs from bottom to top.

If there are a lot of steps planned, then you will also have to deal with the railings. Then all that remains is to sand the steps and treat the wood with stain or varnish.

Combination: has the right to life

In this case, the role of the frame can be played by metal, and wood is used for the steps. Or steps made of wood are mounted on a concrete flight of stairs. The advantage of this solution is obvious: you won’t be able to fall on such a staircase, which cannot be said about paving or marble slabs.

For successful implementation The operation, codenamed “How to make steps to a porch with your own hands,” undoubtedly requires some skills. If self-confidence is still only dormant in you, we recommend watching video material that will help you neatly put everything in order. Good luck in your endeavors.

Here you will see how wonderful steps are made:

A wooden porch is the most common solution for country house. It is inexpensive, can be built quickly, and even a novice craftsman can work with wood. Although the design seems quite simple, you need to know how to make wooden steps for the porch. There are quite a few technical subtleties, which must be taken into account during design and construction work.

What does a step consist of and how is it calculated?

Any wooden house needs a porch: due to the high plinth, the door is located quite high from the ground, and it will be inconvenient to enter the house. You will need a porch with at least two steps, and the exact number and size of them depend on the specific features of the house.

DIY steps for a porch made of wood consist of a tread (horizontal part) and a riser (vertical part). They are built based on the following parameters:

The height of the step is the size of the riser. Normally, it will be from 16 to 21 cm: a steeper staircase will be inconvenient to climb.
Depth of steps. This is the width of the tread that should be comfortable to step on. The depth of the step must be at least 27 cm, optimal size– 32 cm.
Width of the flight of stairs. For one person you need at least 90 cm of width, and on such a staircase it will be difficult for two people to separate.

A wider flight of stairs (125-150 cm) is suitable for a large family so that there are no collisions on the stairs. Wider spans are made in public institutions that are constantly visited by many people.

The angle of the porch. An angle starting from 27 degrees is considered normal. The staircase to the house will be gentle, and even Small child or old man. Flights of stairs with a slope of more than 45 degrees can only be attached; such structures are usually used for attics and attics.

The porch area should be located a few centimeters lower front door, especially if the house has just been built. During shrinkage, the overall height of the house may decrease, then the door will touch the surface of the porch when opened.

What material is best to make steps from?

When choosing how to make steps to a wooden porch, you should pay attention to coniferous wood. Everyone is familiar with pine and spruce, and they are relatively inexpensive. However, cedar or larch will be more expensive and more reliable - these types of wood do not rot or swell even in high humidity, so the constructed porch will not have to be repaired for a long time.

If you purchased lumber with natural moisture, it must be thoroughly dried. The boards are dried in stacks in a dry room with good ventilation; this may take quite a long time. The wood dries within 3-4 months, during which time the room should not be cold.

Sometimes it is more profitable not to wait, but to immediately purchase dried lumber that has already been processed in special chambers. You can check the condition of the wood by looking at the shavings: if the wood is dry, the shavings will break and not bend. To protect against rot and fungus, the boards should be treated with an antiseptic - it is applied with a brush or roller; you can also dip the boards in the solution.

Before construction, you need to prepare the following tools: an electric planer for cutting boards, a grinder and a circular saw. In addition, you will need a pencil and a ruler to make a template.

The thickness of the boards for the steps is 3-4 cm. The template is applied to the tree and traced, after which steps of the same size are cut out of the board using an electric planer.

It is advisable to process the cut steps. Parquet varnish is most suitable for this: it will reliably protect the wood. It is applied in several layers, and each new layer should be started only after the previous one has dried.

How to make a wooden staircase

The platform for installing the stairs can be not only 4-angled, although this is the most common solution. You can make a porch of a round, hexagonal or other shape, in addition, it can be corner. All the features of each model are reflected in the drawings; the master must clearly understand how the structure will be constructed.

How to build steps to a wooden porch? Work on the construction of the porch begins with concreting the supports. The platform can be supported by 2 or 4 pillars, depending on the size; in some cases, it is supported by a horizontal beam attached to the wall.

For a light porch, you can choose wooden supports from boards: they are placed at one end in the pits, and the base is filled with concrete. The supports must also be soaked in advance with any antiseptic.

In addition, concrete “nickels” should be located in those places where bowstrings or stringers will rest on the ground. This will allow the ladder to support the weight of one or more people. When the base is ready, you can begin assembling the system:

Assembly takes little time, and very soon the ladder will rise to the support platform. You can check the reliability of the steps, after which you need to move on to arranging the parapet and canopy.

Construction of railings and canopy for a wooden porch

It will not be difficult to make wooden steps for the porch with your own hands, but the work on building the stairs does not end there. To make it convenient to use, you need to install railings with handrails, and also take care of installing the canopy.

Railings are fences for the porch, the height of which is about 90 cm. They will require support posts made of timber, balusters (turned posts) and the railings themselves.

Support posts and balusters are attached to the steps using metal pins, after which you need to install the balusters and cover the finished railings with comfortable handrails. Although installing railings is not necessary for your home porch, it is better to take care of your safety.

Railing elements can be ordered from a turning workshop in finished form. Making beautiful balusters yourself is problematic, so it’s easier to purchase them to order in any workshop. Railings and everything staircase structure can be painted in any color, not a single wooden element should be left unprotected.

Installing a canopy over a wooden porch

It will also be easy to install the visor. It can be very small, just to cover the steps, or you can build a spacious, collapsible canopy that you can take with you when going outdoors. The visor can be made in the following ways:

The canopy must be in harmony in color and shape with the roof of the house so that the architectural composition is unified. It can be single-pitch, gable, hipped, arched, etc., it all depends only on the skill of the owner of the house.

The stringer differs from the bowstring in that it is located not on the sides of the steps, but under them, so it is invisible from the side. It is installed in the same way on the platform and on concrete heels, after which steps and risers are attached to it.

The steps are installed on top of the stringer; for this purpose it is given a special shape, reminiscent of a saw. To attach steps and risers, you can use self-tapping screws, which are closed on top with cork plugs.

If there are two stringers, they must be strictly identical, otherwise the steps will be skewed. To achieve the desired shape, a template is first made taking into account the depth and height of the steps. After this, the template is applied to the boards, and the necessary elements are cut out of them with a jigsaw.

Stairs with stringers are in demand because they look lighter and less cumbersome. They can be built quickly, and they last no less long than bowstring structures.

For a large porch, you can use not a wooden one, but metal stringer, and make the steps for it from wood. From the outside, the ladder will look the same, but it will be much stronger, although heavier.

Metal and concrete stairs with wooden steps

Wood is a warm and pleasant to the touch material, so it is also used if the base of the staircase is made of other materials. If selected for home metal structure, boards can be laid on the frame of the steps as treads.

They can be painted in any color, and the staircase will look harmonious. Especially beautiful wooden porch It will look great if you combine metal railings with forged elements with varnished wooden handrails.

When arranging a country house, you should carefully consider options for the exterior decoration of the facade and porch. Many houses have a high foundation, so the porch is built in the form of a staircase. To make a staircase with your own hands and make it not only comfortable, but also beautiful, you need to think carefully about its design and choose the right finishing materials.

First of all, they draw up a design for the porch: select the optimal width and height of the staircase, the number of steps, and the shape of the structure. Most often, the porch has a rectangular or rounded shape; For a straight staircase it is easier to make formwork and an internal frame, but round steps look more attractive.

The width of the structure can be the same along the entire length or expand downwards, which is more convenient for movement. When starting to build a porch for the first time, it is better to choose smooth, rectangular stairs. More complex structures require a certain skill that comes with experience.

Stage 1. Design

So, they draw up a drawing: the location of the stairs is perpendicular to the opening of the entrance doors, the height of the porch is 5 cm below the threshold level, the width of the steps is 10-20 cm greater than the width of the doors. The number of steps must be odd - 3, 5, 7 and so on.

The optimal step height is 15-20 cm, the tread depth is 30 cm. Since the stairs are external, the steps will be flooded with rain and melt water, so it is recommended to make their surface slightly inclined - about 3-4 degrees. This will get rid of stagnant water, but will be almost invisible when walking.

You should think about railings at the design stage: for a porch of 3 steps, railings are not needed, but for high design their installation is quite justified. Average height the railing is 1 m; Everyone chooses their location, type, and methods of fastening at their own discretion. If the railings will be built into concrete steps, this must be taken care of during installation of the formwork.

The construction of a porch involves connecting the stairs to the main building. The best option– a common foundation, then the extension is tightly connected to the house and does not shrink. But more often the foundation for the stairs is done later, when the house is already built. In such cases, it is not recommended to tie both foundations too tightly: the porch will shrink and cracks will certainly appear at the joints.

Stage 2. Construction of the foundation

The concrete staircase is heavy, so its construction will require a foundation with a depth of 50 cm to 1.2 m, depending on the size of the porch. The larger the structure, the stronger the foundation should be.

To prepare and pour the base you will need:

shovel;
level;
roulette;
sand;
crushed stone;
concrete solution.

Make markings for the foundation and select the soil, and then fill the bottom of the hole with a layer of sand of at least 15 cm. Rubble is poured on top and the hole is filled. concrete mortar. The top must be covered with plastic film so that when it dries the surface does not become covered with cracks. After the base has been strengthened, you can begin pouring the steps.

Stage 3. Assembling the formwork and pouring the porch

To make a ladder you will need:

reinforcement with a cross section of 10 mm;
knitting wire;
plywood or boards;
polyethylene film;
self-tapping screws;
screwdriver;
metal corners;
level;
concrete solution.

Stepping back 7-10 cm from the bottom edge of the opening, draw a horizontal line on the wall. This will be the top marking for the fit of the stairs. Then 2 identical panels are knocked down from boards or plywood: on one side, their height is equal to the distance from the surface of the foundation to the marking line on the wall, on the other side it corresponds to the height of the lower step.

The upper edges of the boards should have a zigzag shape according to the size of the steps. On the inside of the boards, a film is secured with a stapler to avoid water being absorbed from the solution, and then the formwork is installed close to the wall and reinforced with spacers.

To make the frame, lattices are knitted from reinforcement according to the number of steps, and each subsequent latticing should be 35 cm shorter than the previous one. Using vertical rods, the lattices are raised in height and form a three-dimensional frame for the stairs.

The reinforcement should not extend beyond the formwork; it is better if it is 2-3 cm shorter. The areas where the risers are located must be covered with horizontal planks, which will hold the solution on the steps and prevent it from flowing down.

You can fill the porch with ordinary concrete, or you can use special dyes and fillers that will make the surface of the stairs decorative. These are multi-colored marble and glass chips, granite, colored limestone, crushed ceramics.

Fillers are added to ready solution and mixed, after which the mixture is poured into the formwork. It is recommended to fill the entire area of the stairs at once, because monolithic design considered the most durable and reliable.

As soon as the solution begins to set, metal corners are recessed into the edges of the steps. The formwork is removed after a day, but further work Arrangement of the porch is possible no earlier than in 2 weeks.

Stage 4. Finishing

Railings are installed on the finished staircase: for concrete porch Brick or metal racks with sturdy handrails work great. The easiest way to make metal railings is to concrete uprights of pipes with a diameter of 70 mm along the edge of the stairs, and weld a handrail from a corner on top.

For decoration, forged curls or shaped metal plates can be welded between the posts. Welding areas are cleaned and ground, the railings are completely coated with primer, dried and painted.

For finishing street stairs Porcelain tiles are ideal. When choosing tiles, be sure to make sure that they are intended for outdoor use, otherwise in winter the surface will become too slippery and dangerous to walk on. Lay the tiles on a special mastic or tile adhesive, which is applied with a notched trowel. It is necessary to carefully align each element so that the seams remain neat and even.

Anyone who knows how to use can make a metal staircase with a porch welding machine. Such structures do not look as solid as concrete ones, and not as decorative as wooden ones, but they have their advantages. To make a metal staircase with your own hands, you need to draw up a sketch and prepare materials.

Stage 1. Preparatory work

To draw up a drawing, measure the distance from the ground to the bottom edge of the doorway, the width of the opening, and calculate the number of steps. The slope of the stairs should not be less than 26 and more than 45 degrees, otherwise it will be inconvenient to climb it.

The optimal depth of the step is 25-30 cm, height - from 15 to 20 cm, while the steps can overlap one another by no more than 3 cm. The total width of the stairs for one person is at least 80 cm, for a family - from 1 m. Multiplying the estimated number of steps per tread depth, the length of the base is obtained.

All scale measurements are transferred to the drawing, where the location and shape of the railings, as well as the general configuration of the porch, are additionally drawn.

During the work you will need:

2 channels No. 10;
metal corners;
building level;
welding machine;
primer;
grinder with nozzle;
profile pipes 40x60 mm or fittings with a cross-section of 12 mm for railings.

Stage 2. Making the foundation

Although a metal staircase is much lighter in weight than a concrete staircase, you still cannot do without a foundation. On loose, unstable soils, you need to dig a foundation pit to the depth of soil freezing, which is 1.4 m in some regions. If the soil is rocky or simply very dense, the depth of the pit can be reduced by 20-30%. After excavating the earth, pour sand in a layer of 10 cm, crushed stone in a layer of 5 cm and compact it. To increase the strength of the foundation, it is recommended to install a reinforcement cage inside the pit.

The pit is not completely filled, leaving about 20 cm to the top. The remaining space is filled with concrete after installing the load-bearing channels in order to reliably strengthen the base of the structure. The contents of the pit should be pierced several times with a long metal rod to remove air bubbles and covered with film. It takes 1-2 weeks for the foundation to harden and dry, during which time the stairs cannot be installed.

Stage 3. Assembling and installing the stairs

To secure the top base of the stairs, brickwork At the threshold, grooves are cut out on both sides for channel bars or metal mortgages are built in during the construction stage of the house. This option is also possible: deep holes are drilled in the wall, a metal plate is screwed anchor bolts, and load-bearing steel beams are welded to it.

The distance between the channels is equal to the width of the stairs; the lower ends of the load-bearing beams are installed on the foundation and reinforced with spacers. After leveling the angle of inclination and width, the base is poured concrete mixture and allow it to harden well.

The corners are cut into identical pieces and welded to the channels according to the drawing. After this, the welded areas are carefully cleaned and polished, the structure is primed and painted. The steps can be sheathed with sheet iron or wood, and filled with densely laid steel rods. At the end, the railings are welded and a rain canopy is installed over the porch.

For a residential building made of timber, a wooden porch is most suitable. In order for wood to last longer, it is necessary not only to carefully treat its surface, but also to protect it with a comfortable visor. This design looks very attractive and natural, and the construction technology is quite simple.

Stage 1. Preparation

The first is to draw up a sketch of the future staircase, taking into account all the parameters: the height and length of the base, the number and size of steps, the angle of inclination and the width of the span. Wood is a very easy-to-work material, so the shape of the porch can be either the simplest or the most elaborate. Having no experience, start making complex design not worth it, it’s better to make a porch square shape with a straight, low staircase.

It is very important to choose the right wood: lumber that is not dense enough is subject to stronger shrinkage, raw wood may become deformed after assembling the stairs, and timber infected with fungus will not last long. For construction you need to choose strong pine beams with low humidity, light in cut, smooth and without cracks.

To work you will need:

timber 100x200 mm;
boards for steps 30 mm thick;
timber for railings 70x70 mm;
level;
hammer and nails;
hacksaw.

Before starting construction, boards and timber must be treated with an antiseptic compound on all sides and dried well. After assembly, certain areas will remain inaccessible for processing, which will reduce their service life.

Stage 2. Arrangement of the foundation

Even a low and light porch must be installed on a foundation - this will prevent the wood from rotting and prevent the staircase from skewing. Most often made under a wooden structure columnar foundation, which does not require special costs. Iron and asbestos pipes, brick, cinder block, wooden logs. First, you should drill holes for supports 50-80 cm deep, fill the bottom with crushed stone and sand and compact it.

If the supports are made of metal or wood, they need to be covered with a thick layer bitumen mastic, which protects equally well from rust and fungi. Asbestos supports do not need to be treated, nor do bricks. The supports are inserted into the holes, leveled in height, checked for verticality, and covered with soil and compacted. After backfilling, it is recommended to spill these areas with water, which will compact the earth even more.

Stage 3. Assembling the stairs

The first to prepare are stringers or bowstrings, depending on the type of staircase: they cut out timber for the steps and make grooves. The supporting beams are attached to the wall of the house at a distance of the width of the steps, nailing the edges. The lower ends of the beams are fixed to the supporting pillars of the foundation. The boards are cut to the size of the steps and processed with a plane or sander, cutting sharp corners and removing irregularities. The steps are attached to the stringers one by one, starting from the bottom. All connections are fastened with nails or self-tapping screws.

After assembling the stairs, they sheathe the porch area with boards and begin making handrails. Balusters should be located on each step; They are fastened with self-tapping screws on the bottom side. An ordinary square beam can serve as support posts for railings, but figured balusters look much more beautiful. If you have the appropriate tool and free time, you can grind the timber, giving it a more elegant shape.

The top of the balusters are closed with handrails and fixed with self-tapping screws, after which the stairs and the adjacent platform are treated with an antiseptic primer. It is recommended to apply the primer in 2-3 layers to protect the material as much as possible from the effects of the external environment. In addition, you need to install a canopy over the porch, the area of which will completely cover the wooden structure.

Stage 4. Finishing

Decorate the outside wooden stairs You can use stain and varnish. A well-polished surface is covered with an even layer of stain, dried and varnished. The varnish must be intended for outdoor use, otherwise the finish will become cracked.

You can cut out shaped boards with a jigsaw and secure them around the perimeter of the railing. There are also options for decorating the steps themselves: they can be made from figuratively cut boards, attached in a non-standard way or painted in different colors. The most important thing is to show your imagination, then any design will become a work of art!

Video - Make a staircase with your own hands

The front door of a private house is the face of its owner, and very important at the same time the street staircase plays. With the variety of modern building materials, installation and arrangement of the entrance staircase turns into the creation of a work of art. Concrete or wooden structures with forged elements or street staircases lined with decorated tiles create not only pleasant impression, but also, with correct installation, will serve their owner for decades near the threshold of the house.

The first thing you need to know when building a street staircase is the material that is used for this type of work. Most often used:

Example of a concrete entrance staircase with tile trim

Video from Youtube:

In fact, for construction external staircase There is a sufficient variety of building materials (for example, brick), it is enough to choose the most optimal pricing policy and long service life. But this type of stairs also differs in the shape of its design. It can be:

Screw. Often used in houses with a high base. They can have a classic shape or have more right angles.
Straightforward. The most common, as they make one row of steps, which does not require a large amount of building materials.
Street stairs with a platform. Which is mounted to improve the appearance. For the site it is necessary to make more gentle steps.

Of course, there are a large number modern solutions near home, but the above examples are the most common.

Sequence of installation of an external concrete staircase

As mentioned above, the most common option is an external staircase to the house, made of concrete or brick. Concrete is a durable material that is not affected by temperature changes or precipitation. You should know that for the installation of an external staircase of this design, grade 400 cement can be used.

Drawing up a drawing

Each job, especially the construction of an external staircase to the second floor, begins with a preliminary placement of the project on paper, with all the actual dimensions and structural elements. Basic rules that must be taken into account when designing an external staircase:

The design of the entrance staircase to the house must be made strictly perpendicular to the entrance doors.
The porch cannot be poured at the same level as the floor in the house. It should be lowered by at least 5 cm.
The sides of the stairs should not coincide with entrance opening. They should be expanded by 10-15 cm in each direction.
When pouring steps, you should remember that their number should be odd. This will help make the steps as comfortable as possible both when ascending and when descending from the porch.
The height of one step should not exceed 20 cm. Some owners of private houses make them smaller, which leads to too long stairs.
A step inclination of 3 degrees will create the correct position of the plane for draining rainwater or conveniently cleaning snow. If you make the slope large, it will be too clearly felt when walking up the stairs.

Foundation

When planning to pour the entrance staircase into the house, you should remember that its weight will be quite significant. Therefore, an appropriate foundation is required that can support the entire structure. Depending on the depth of freezing in the region, the depth of the foundation itself varies from 50 to 120 cm. The sequence of creating a foundation for an external staircase is as follows:

Preparing the pit. The hole needs to be dug a little larger than the entire structure, since the foundation is and cannot be narrower than the staircase itself.
After the hole is dug, a layer of sand up to 15 cm thick must be poured onto its bottom and leveled over the entire surface. A layer of crushed stone is poured onto the sand, also no more than 15 cm.
You can start pouring concrete or laying bricks. Mortar proportions: 4 buckets of sand, 1.5 buckets of cement, the amount of water varies depending on the quality of the concrete - it should not be too liquid, but it should not be made thick enough.

Having a concrete mixer will greatly simplify the process of pouring the foundation. After it is ready, it should be covered with an ordinary polyethylene film - this will prevent the appearance of cracks that may occur as the concrete dries. If the film is not at hand, then the solution should be watered every 1.5–2 hours.

Installation of formwork and pouring steps

Correct installation of formwork will greatly simplify the process of pouring steps for the entrance staircase in wooden house, but for this you should stock up on such building materials such as boards, building level, plastic film, self-tapping screws (nails should not be used, as they are much more difficult to remove from the formwork), screwdriver.

First, you need to mark the top point of the future staircase; to do this, just put 5-7 cm down from the threshold of the front door and make a corresponding mark with a marker. Now, using boards, you should make 2 halves of one formwork, the height of which should be equal to the distance from the ground to the same mark on the wall, at the bottom of the front door.

Next, with inside the formwork of the steps should be secured plastic film, otherwise the solution will be absorbed into the boards, and removing them later will be quite problematic. A good option– processing of boards with machine oil. After the above procedures, the formwork can be installed and secured with outside boards.

For the inside of the formwork, it is necessary to prepare a frame made of reinforcement. The reinforcement (with a cross-section of at least 10 mm) is knitted or welded into a frame that matches the shape of the staircase. You can make it a little lower than the plane of the steps. After pouring the mortar, the reinforcement should not remain above the concrete level. Once the structure is ready and installed inside the formwork, you can begin pouring concrete.

It should be remembered that the formwork can be removed after 24 hours, but the structure must be allowed to mature for at least 15 days. Only with this option will the solution finally set and, together with the reinforcement frame, turn into a single whole.

Finishing work

15 days after pouring the foundation, you can proceed to any option finishing works entrance staircase in a private house. For finishing concrete stairs, tiles designed for use in outdoor environments are ideal. Even with properly constructed formwork, concrete staircase will have some irregularities that will be hidden by a sufficient amount of glue or special mastic.

When laying tiles on entrance stairs Also, do not forget about the seams, which should be equal and neat. For correct location The seam should use plastic fasteners specially designed for this purpose.

How to make an outdoor staircase out of metal

During installation metal stairs Before entering the house, pouring the foundation is also necessary. Only such a design does not require a hole 100 or 120 cm deep. It will be enough to dig a hole 70-80 cm deep. Otherwise, the foundation is prepared in the same way as for a concrete staircase: a layer of sand, a small layer of crushed stone and the concrete solution itself. After pouring, the distance to the ground surface should be at least 20 cm, this will then allow the metal channel to be laid.

Metal entrance stairs to the second floor have next order installation:

The channel used for the structure is installed on the foundation and filled with mortar. Only that part should remain on the surface to which the entire ladder will subsequently be welded or bolted.
must be reinforced with standard metal struts. Spacers can also be welded between the steps, which allows you to significantly strengthen the structure and make it almost monolithic.
The channel can also be secured using identical metal corners, which are connected by welding.
The upper part of the ladder is attached to a place located 5-7 cm below the threshold in private houses. The fastening method is as follows: drill a couple of holes in the wall and insert reinforcement into it, onto the edge of which metal plates must be welded. The end of the ladder is connected to these plates by a weld. The reinforcement in the wall can be further strengthened with mortar.

After completing work on the house, everything welds structures on the second floor must be carefully sanded; excess drops of metal can be removed with a grinder. After sanding, they begin to clean the frame and then paint it. Metal sheets 3-5 mm thick are used as steps, which are attached to the frame with bolts.

External staircase made of wood

Wood is a fairly durable material for building a house, requiring careful and scrupulous processing. When choosing wood for installing an external staircase in private houses, you should not save; high-quality dried oak is most suitable, as it is more a budget option you can use pine. Main indicators of timber quality:

No fungus, mold, dark spots. If a pest is present, the lifespan of the tree outside the house will be reduced to several months.
Well dried material. If the wood has not been dried, then after installation, after a short period of time, the entire structure will move to the sides. Therefore, you should choose only dry boards.
Minimal or complete absence of cracks. Even the smallest crack can develop into a long groove that extends along the entire length of the board.

Even for wooden frame, for example, on the second floor, a foundation is needed near the house. Most often, this is made in the form of small pillars, measuring 20 by 20 cm and about 40 cm deep. For greater strength, after pouring the foundation, several reinforcing rods can be stuck into it. This will ensure greater reliability of the structure.

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Wooden stairs in private homes are assembled like an ordinary children's construction set. All elements have special grooves that will ensure the stability and reliability of the entire structure. But it is not enough to insert several staircase elements into each other; they also need to be fastened with nails or simple self-tapping screws.

Having completed the construction of a wooden frame near the porch of the house, it should be sheathed with boards. The boards are attached to the frame with nails or self-tapping screws. One of the main elements of each staircase is the railing, which can be very quickly prepared from ordinary timber, which was previously used to build the frame. Of course, ready-made wooden balusters will look much more impressive, but at the same time they have a much higher price.

Photo gallery of exquisite entrance staircases

Ladder- this is one of the main elements of the interior design of a room, therefore, when designing it, attention should be paid not only to reliability and functionality, but also appearance. Before you take on making a wooden staircase with your own hands, you need to take into account a large number of factors on which not only its design, but also its dimensions will depend.

These factors include:

available room area,
height,
the maximum load for which the ladder is designed,
ease of use for people living in the house.

Today there are a huge number of design options interfloor stairs, so choosing a suitable design is quite a difficult task.

Choosing which staircase to build

Marching and spiral staircases. The design of the flight of stairs is quite simple and is best choice, if you plan to make it yourself, however, in order to ensure an acceptable slope and height of the steps, a considerable area is required. This ladder is very easy to use and can withstand heavy loads. It can be used to easily lift furniture and other large objects to the second floor; in addition, it is safer, so it will be the best choice if children or elderly people live in the house.

The spiral staircase has a more complex structure. It is used in conditions limited space when, due to lack of space, it is not possible to ensure a safe slope of an ordinary staircase. The main disadvantages include the not very convenient design, which makes it difficult to lift and does not allow carrying large objects. At the same time, skillfully executed spiral staircase has sufficient strength and can be the main element of the interior.

Safety first!

Before you start DIY staircase making, you need to take care of her safety. Firstly, it must be durable and easily withstand a load several times greater than the weight of a person of average build. Secondly, the ladder should be comfortable and ergonomic. IN in this case it is necessary to pay great attention to such factors as the height of the steps, the slope of the stairs, as well as the location and shape of the railings. The steps must have a non-slip coating, and the spaces between the balusters are chosen in such a way that the child cannot squeeze through them and fall.

Design features of stairs

Depending on the method of fastening the steps marching stairs can be on bowstrings, stringers or bolts.

Stairs on bowstrings have two side beams to which the steps are attached. Such squirrels (strings) can be made of metal or wood. They can be attached to a wall or special supports, ensuring high strength of the entire structure.

The steps of the stairs on stringers are attached to beams, which are located below and repeat the geometry of the entire structure. Such beams (stringers) can be straight or curved. Straight stringers, as a rule, have a jagged shape, with the steps superimposed on the teeth.

Stairs with bolt-jointed steps are highly durable, so this design does not require additional supports and can be supported on two points. The steps are attached to each other using metal rods - bolts, which completely eliminates the creaking caused by the friction of two wooden surfaces.

How to make a staircase with your own hands. Selecting materials

Coniferous wood is most often used to make stairs because it is affordable and easy to process. An oak staircase will be more durable, but the cost of such a structure will increase several times, and besides, processing this type of wood is quite labor-intensive and requires certain skills.

The main stages of staircase manufacturing

Let's look at the basic principles of making stairs using an example wooden structure on stringers. Before you start designing, you need to understand that any, even minor errors and inaccuracies in calculations can lead to serious problems that arise during installation, so each stage should be treated with extreme care. Our future staircase will consist of three main elements: steps, handrails and stringers. On initial stage everything needs to be done necessary calculations designs.

Calculation of the width and height of steps

To calculate the size of steps, the formula 2A + B = 64 cm is usually used, where A is the width and B is the height. Typical step heights range from 140 to 170mm. We measure the height of the future staircase and divide by the expected value of the height of the steps.

Let's assume it is 240cm, and the desired height of the steps is 17cm. We divide the resulting value by the height of the steps 240/16=15 and round the result to the whole part, therefore, our future staircase will consist of 15 steps. Now we define exact height steps, to do this we divide the height of the entire staircase by the number of steps: 240/15 = 16 cm. We find the width using the formula, using the height value, we get 24cm. You can also use the table.

The protrusion (the part of the step overhanging the riser) should be no more than 3-4 cm. The greater the height of the riser, the narrower the step itself, but its width should not be less than its height. Most optimal width steps should correspond to shoe size forty-two (29-30 cm.)

When calculating the stairs, it is also necessary to take into account the distance between the steps and the objects located above them (ceiling, beams, balconies, etc.). It should be at least 1.9-2 meters.

The horizontal size of the stairs is determined as follows: the width of the steps is multiplied by their number, it should be taken into account that the floor surface serves as the first step, so in our case the calculation will look like this: 13x24=312cm.

If the height of the stairs is large enough, you can make a platform. It is recommended to make such platforms in 7-8 steps. In the case when it is necessary to design a staircase with a certain number of steps, you can reduce their height in order to create a landing.

Making stringers

As a material for making stringers, you can use a 40mm wide pine board. Make a pattern that exactly repeats the dimensions of the steps' profile and apply markings to the prepared boards. Then cut out the teeth using a hacksaw or electric jigsaw. In those places where the riser meets the step, it is necessary to cut the corner. Having made one stringer, you can use it as a template for the rest. Since the strength, safety and durability of the staircase depend on the stringers, you should not skimp on their quantity, as well as on the quality of the material from which they are made. The boards must be free of knots and any signs of insect activity. Consider how to attach the stringers. To achieve the required strength, as a rule, 3-4 stringers are enough.

Installation of steps and railings making wooden stairs with your own hands

The steps can be attached either directly to the stringers or with the help of additional wooden elements- fillies. Measure and cut from wood required amount steps and risers, be sure to take into account the overhang. The steps are attached using nails or self-tapping screws.

The design using triangular fillies is more reliable. The fillies are attached using dowels, for which grooves are pre-made. Most robust design obtained using fillies complex shape, while a special cutout is made on the stringers. The connection of the staircase elements is carried out using glue and self-tapping screws.

After the steps are ready, you can screw the railing balusters to them. In order to protect the tree from the influence of destructive factors (dampness, mold and harmful insects), it is necessary to apply a paint coating.

Making a wooden staircase with your own hands is, in principle, not so difficult. All you need for this is quality wood, necessary tool and a little patience. Before you start work, carefully consider all the nuances future design and check your preliminary calculations several times.