How to determine local time. As you already know from the 7th grade geography course, at the same moment in different points planets lying on different meridians will have different local (Those. solar )time . You know that this is due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. The time will be the same only at all points lying on the same meridian. So, on the western and eastern outskirts of even one settlement, local time will be different. This difference will increase with increasing distance between the meridians. So, on neighboring meridians, drawn through 15 °, the difference in local time is 1 hour, Drawn through 1 - 4 minutes, Drawed through 1 "(one minute, one degree is divided by 60 minutes) - 4 s (it is at such angular distances that the points rotate one meridian for specified periods of time).
In this case, the local time on the meridian located east of which point is ahead of the time in it, and on the more western meridian is behind. For example, if local time is Kyiv afternoon tea (12 noon), then at Donetsk It’s already 12:29 pm, And at Lvov at this moment - only 11 hours 33 minutes 56 seconds. Consequently, in order to establish the exact time at different points, knowing it at one of them, it is necessary to carry out such calculations.
a) Kyiv - 30 ° 34 "E;
b) Donetsk - 37 ° 49 "E;
c) Lviv - 24 ° 03 "E.
2. Set the difference in longitude between points (in degrees and minutes):
a) between Donetsk and Kiev - 37 ° 49 "- 30 ° 34" = 7 ° 15 "E;
b) between Kiev and Lvov - 30 ° 34 "- 24 ° 03" = 6 ° 31 "E.
3. Convert the difference in longitude (from degrees and minutes) to the difference in time (in hours, minutes and seconds):
a) 7°15" = 7 x 4 xv15 x 4 s = 29 xv;
b) 6 ° 31 "= 6 x 4 x 31 x 4 s = 26 x 4 s.
the found values show the difference in local time on the meridians drawn through Kyiv, Lvov and Donetsk.
4. Before the known time in Kiev (12 hours), add (in the case of Donetsk, which lies east of Kiev) or subtract from it (in the case of Lvov, which is located west of Kiev) the resulting value:
a) if it is 12 o’clock in Kyiv, then the local time in Donetsk will be
12 h + 29 hv = 12 h 29 hv;
b) if it is 12 o’clock in Kyiv, then the local time in Lviv will be
12 hours - 26 times 4 s = 11 hours 33 times 56 seconds.
Time zones and standard time. It is almost impossible to use local time, which is different at each location, in everyday life. For convenience, they are used all over the world standard time . For this, as you know, the globe was conventionally divided by meridians into 24 stripes (according to the number of hours in a day) - into Time Zones(15° longitude each). In all points of one belt, they agreed to consider the time the same. By standard time take the local time of the meridian passing through the middle of this zone (middle meridian).
Time zones are numbered from 0 to 23 in an easterly direction: the middle meridian of the 0th zone is Greenwich(Primary) meridian, 1st zone - meridian 15 ° east. d., 12th zone - 180th meridian, 23rd zone - meridian 15 ° W. d.
The time of the 0th zone is called Western European , 1st - Central European , another - Eastern European . The zone number indicates the standard time at the moment when the Greenwich meridian is north. The time difference between two neighboring zones is 1 hour. Moving around the globe from west to east, we must move the clock hand one hour forward when crossing the boundaries of each subsequent zone, and moving westward - one hour back.
The location of Ukraine relative to time zones is convenient: 95% of its territory lies in the second zone, only Lugansk and parts Donetsk And Kharkov regions- In the 3rd zone, and a small part Transcarpathian region- in the first belt. However, in practice, for convenience, the boundaries of time zones on land are drawn not strictly along the meridians, but taking into account state borders. Therefore, the entire territory of Ukraine is assigned to the second time zone. Standard time in our country is the average time for the second zone meridian (30, which passes almost through Kyiv. Therefore, in Ukraine the belt is also called Kyiv .
Amazing Ukraine
According to the time zone of the second zone, in addition to Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland, Moldova, Romania, and Turkey also live in Europe. All Western neighbors of Ukraine, Central countries and most countries Western Europe use Central European Time, while the UK, Ireland, Iceland and Portugal use Western European Time. In the Russian territories adjacent to the borders of Ukraine, the so-called Moscow time is in effect, which is 1 hour ahead of Moscow
Ri c . Time zones of the world
Summer time. Every year in Ukraine it is introduced summer time : On the night of the last Sunday in March, the clock hand is moved forward one hour. This makes it possible to use the light part of the day more fully and save energy. On the night of the last Sunday in October, the clock hand is turned back an hour, restoring standard time.
The introduction and abolition of summer time is carried out synchronously by most European countries.
How to determine local time. As you already know from the 7th grade geography course, at the same moment in different points of the planet, lying on different meridians, there will be different local (Those. solar )time . You know that this is due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. The time will be the same only at all points lying on the same meridian. So, on the western and eastern outskirts of even one settlement, local time will be different. This difference will increase with increasing distance between the meridians. So, on neighboring meridians, drawn through 15 °, the difference in local time is 1 hour, Drawn through 1 - 4 minutes, Drawed through 1 "(one minute, one degree is divided by 60 minutes) - 4 s (it is at such angular distances that the points rotate one meridian for specified periods of time).
In this case, the local time on the meridian located east of which point is ahead of the time in it, and on the more western meridian is behind. For example, if local time is Kyiv afternoon tea (12 noon), then at Donetsk It’s already 12:29 pm, And at Lvov at this moment - only 11 hours 33 minutes 56 seconds. Consequently, in order to establish the exact time at different points, knowing it at one of them, it is necessary to carry out such calculations.
a) Kyiv - 30 ° 34 "E;
b) Donetsk - 37 ° 49 "E;
c) Lviv - 24 ° 03 "E.
2. Set the difference in longitude between points (in degrees and minutes):
a) between Donetsk and Kiev - 37 ° 49 "- 30 ° 34" = 7 ° 15 "E;
b) between Kiev and Lvov - 30 ° 34 "- 24 ° 03" = 6 ° 31 "E.
3. Convert the difference in longitude (from degrees and minutes) to the difference in time (in hours, minutes and seconds):
a) 7°15" = 7 x 4 xv15 x 4 s = 29 xv;
b) 6 ° 31 "= 6 x 4 x 31 x 4 s = 26 x 4 s.
the found values show the difference in local time on the meridians drawn through Kyiv, Lvov and Donetsk.
4. Before the known time in Kiev (12 hours), add (in the case of Donetsk, which lies east of Kiev) or subtract from it (in the case of Lvov, which is located west of Kiev) the resulting value:
a) if it is 12 o’clock in Kyiv, then the local time in Donetsk will be
12 h + 29 hv = 12 h 29 hv;
b) if it is 12 o’clock in Kyiv, then the local time in Lviv will be
12 hours - 26 times 4 s = 11 hours 33 times 56 seconds.
Time zones and standard time. It is almost impossible to use local time, which is different at each location, in everyday life. For convenience, they are used all over the world standard time . For this, as you know, the globe was conventionally divided by meridians into 24 stripes (according to the number of hours in a day) - into Time Zones(15° longitude each). In all points of one belt, they agreed to consider the time the same. Standard time takes the local time of the meridian passing through the middle of this zone (middle meridian).
Time zones are numbered from 0 to 23 in an easterly direction: the middle meridian of the 0th zone is Greenwich(Primary) meridian, 1st zone - meridian 15 ° east. d., 12th zone - 180th meridian, 23rd zone - meridian 15 ° W. d.
The time of the 0th zone is called Western European , 1st - Central European , another - Eastern European . The zone number indicates the standard time at the moment when the Greenwich meridian is north. The time difference between two neighboring zones is 1 hour. Moving around the globe from west to east, we must move the clock hand one hour forward when crossing the boundaries of each subsequent zone, and moving westward - one hour back.
The location of Ukraine relative to time zones is convenient: 95% of its territory lies in the second zone, only Lugansk and parts Donetsk And Kharkov regions- In the 3rd zone, and a small part Transcarpathian region- in the first belt. However, in practice, for convenience, the boundaries of time zones on land are drawn not strictly along the meridians, but taking into account state borders. Therefore, the entire territory of Ukraine is assigned to the second time zone. Standard time in our country is the average time for the second zone meridian (30, which passes almost through Kyiv. Therefore, in Ukraine the belt is also called Kyiv .
Amazing Ukraine
According to the time zone of the second zone, in addition to Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland, Moldova, Romania, and Turkey also live in Europe. All of Ukraine's western neighbors, the countries of Central and most countries of Western Europe use Central European Time, while Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland and Portugal use Western European Time. In the Russian territories adjacent to the borders of Ukraine, the so-called Moscow time is in effect, which is 1 hour ahead of Moscow
Ri c . Time zones of the world
Summer time. Every year in Ukraine it is introduced summer time : On the night of the last Sunday in March, the clock hand is moved forward one hour. This makes it possible to use the light part of the day more fully and save energy. On the night of the last Sunday in October, the clock hand is turned back an hour, restoring standard time.
The introduction and abolition of summer time is carried out synchronously by most European countries.
Lesson 3. Time Zones
Local (solar) time – time determined for a given place on Earth; depends on the geographic longitude of the area. Local time is the same for all points located on a given meridian. The difference in the local time of two places is equal to the difference in the longitudes of these places.
Standard Time – this is the time within a time zone; local time of the central meridian of the belt. The Earth's surface is divided into 24 time zones (numbered 0 to 23) each 15º (1 hour) long.
Summer time. It was introduced to make better use of sunlight and save energy. When switching to daylight saving time on the last Sunday in March, the clocks are moved forward 1 hour. Daylight Saving Time keeps us 1 hour ahead of standard time until the clocks turn back on the last Sunday in October. Currently, the question is being raised about canceling the change of clocks to daylight saving time and back.
How to determine local time
As you already know from the 7th grade geography course, at the same moment in different points of the planet, lying on different meridians, there will be different local (i.e. solar) time. You know that this is due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. The time will be the same only at all points lying on the same meridian. So, on the western and eastern outskirts of even one settlement, local time will be different.
This difference will increase with increasing distance between the meridians.
So, on neighboring meridians, drawn through 15°, the difference in local time will be 1 hour; drawn through 1º - 4 minutes; drawn through 1" (one minute, one degree is divided by 60 minutes) - 4 seconds (these are the angular distances they rotate points of one meridian for specified periods of time).
In this case, the local time on the meridian located to the east of any point will be ahead of the time in it, and on the more western meridian it will be behind. For example, if local time in Kiev is noon (12 o’clock), then in Donetsk it is already 12 hours 29 minutes, and in Lviv at this moment it is only 11 hours 33 minutes 56 seconds.
Consequently, in order to establish the exact time at different points, knowing it at one of them, it is necessary to carry out such calculations.
Determine the geographic longitude of settlements:
a) Kyiv - 30° 34"E;
b) Donetsk - 37° 49"E;
c) Lviv - 24° 03"E.
Set the difference in longitude between points (in degrees and minutes):
a) between Donetsk and Kiev - 37° 49" - 30° 34" = 7° 15"E;
b) between Kiev and Lvov - 30° 34" - 24° 03" = 6° 31"E.
Convert the difference in longitude (from degrees and minutes) to the difference in time (in hours, minutes and seconds):
a) 7°15" = 7 ∙ 4 min + 15 ∙ 4 s = 29 min;
b) 6° 31"= 6 ∙ 4 min + 31 ∙ 4 s = 26 min 4 s.
The found values show the difference in local time on the meridians drawn through Kyiv, Lviv and Donetsk.
To the time we know in Kiev (12 hours) add (in the case of Donetsk, which lies to the east of Kiev) or subtract from it (in the case of Lvov, which is located to the west of Kiev) the resulting value:
a) if it is 12 o’clock in Kyiv, then the local time in Donetsk will be 12 hours + 29 minutes = 12 hours 29 minutes;
b) if it is 12 o’clock in Kyiv, then the local time in Lviv will be 12 o’clock – 26 min 4 s = 11 h 33 min 56 sec.
Time zones and standard time
It is almost impossible to use local time, which is different in each location, in everyday life. For convenience, standard time is used all over the world.
For this, as you know, the globe was conditionally divided by meridians into 24 stripes (according to the number of hours in a day) - into time zones (15 ° longitude each).
In all points of one belt, they agreed to consider the time the same. Standard time is taken to be the local time of the meridian passing through the middle of this zone (middle meridian).
Time zones are numbered from 0 to 23 in an easterly direction: the middle meridian of the 0th zone is the Greenwich (primary) meridian, the 1st zone is the 15° east meridian. longitude, 12th zone - 180th meridian, 23rd zone - meridian 15°W. The time of the 0th zone is called Western European, 1st - Central European, 2nd - Eastern European.
The zone number indicates the zone time at the moment when it is midnight on the Greenwich meridian. The time difference between two neighboring zones is 1 hour. Moving around the globe from west to east, we must move the clock hand one hour forward when crossing the boundaries of each subsequent zone, and moving westward - one hour back.
The location of Ukraine relative to time zones is convenient: 95% of its territory lies in the second zone, only Lugansk and parts of the Donetsk and Kharkov regions are in the 3rd zone, and a small part of the Transcarpathian region is in the first zone. However, in practice, for convenience, the boundaries of time zones on land are drawn not strictly along the meridians, but taking into account state borders.
Therefore, the entire territory of Ukraine is assigned to the second time zone. Standard time in our country corresponds to the average time for the second zone of the meridian 30º, which passes almost through Kyiv. Therefore, in Ukraine, standard time is also called Kyiv time.
According to the time zone of the second zone, in addition to Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland, Moldova, Romania, and Turkey also live in Europe.
All of Ukraine's western neighbors, the countries of Central and most countries of Western Europe use Central European Time, while Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland and Portugal use Western European Time. In the Russian territories adjacent to the borders of Ukraine, the so-called Moscow time is in effect, which is 1 hour ahead of Kiev.
Practical work No. 1 (continued)
Goal of the work: Learn to determine the position of a country in time zones.
Exercise:
Determine the standard time in Lisbon, Madrid, New York, Beijing, if it is 6 pm in Kyiv.
Determine what time it is in cities located 10º, 25º, 40º east and west of Kharkov, if it is 9 o’clock in Kharkov?
Determine the difference in local time between the extreme western and extreme eastern points of Ukraine if one degree is equal to four minutes (1º = 4 minutes).
Mark the meridians on the contour map - the boundaries of the II time zone and label the areas where:
Local time = standard time + minutes;
Local time = standard time - minutes
Local time = standard time.
Homework: read §3, complete practical work in your workbook and on a contour map (if possible). Additionally: write down definitions of concepts and find interesting information about universal time, maternity time, date line.
