Despite the availability of high-tech methods for heating buildings and structures, developers often choose stove heating. The reason for this is the lack of natural energy resources in many settlements.
In the absence of natural gas pipelines in private homes, developers in most cases use stove heating. This solution will also be most beneficial when operating temporary buildings - cabins, warehouses, workshops. Sometimes a stove or fireplace is made in addition to the main heating system.
Features of using stoves
The main feature of stove heating is the frequency of combustion. This means that for some time such a system requires human participation in technological process. This participation is expressed in carrying out work on bringing fuel, starting (igniting) the furnace, and removing residual combustion products (ash). As a rule, the time required to perform these actions is small compared to the duration of the technological period (the time from the start of the fire to the start of the next fire).
Second distinctive feature It is mandatory to locate the stove in a heated room, and this requires compliance with increased requirements for the fire safety condition of the building and for ventilation.
The furnace is laid out of stone or brick. These materials absorb heat during combustion, releasing it within a few hours. To increase the cooling time, a damper is built into the chimney to close it.
Note! The installation location of the damper should be as high as possible in order to use the heat of the furnace more efficiently. However, this height is limited by the possibility of convenient opening and closing.
There are stoves for temporarily heating rooms. They are small and light, heat up very quickly and cool quickly after the fire is stopped. Such stoves are called potbelly stoves.
Positive sides
The use of stoves for heating homes has a long history. They are still often used due to many advantages that are not available to modern heaters:
- complete autonomy and independence from external factors if there is a supply of fuel. To operate such heating there is no need for electricity, gas, or water;
- the cost of installing furnaces is several times lower than the cost of installing equipment for using other types of heating;
- the frequency of the process and the availability of firewood in some regions, coupled with its low price, make this type of heating economical.
If you have sufficient skills, it is possible to do stove heating for a private home yourself. In its design, most often there is no liquid coolant, which is used as water. This makes it possible to stop the combustion process for a long time and resume it at any time, regardless of any conditions. The last factor is most relevant for buildings with temporary presence of people, for example, for dachas, garden houses. However, water heating can be added if desired by installing pipes and radiators.
When constructing a furnace, there are various options available. At the stage of construction of the stove, you can make it in the form of a fireplace, provide in the design of stove beds, dryers, stoves, and build in tanks for heating water.
Flaws
Along with many positive aspects, of course, there are negative sides using stove heating.
The initial launch requires a significant amount of time. It will take some more time to warm up the furnace array until it begins to give off heat inside the building.
Note! Fireplaces, whose open firebox generates infrared radiation that quickly warms up the volume of the room, do not have this last drawback.
Stove heating requires human intervention to operate. It is almost impossible to automate the process. The stove heating system has low efficiency. Its increase is facilitated by an increase in length smoke channels– revolutions, increasing the outer surface, as well as the correct position of the chimney valve during the combustion process. Firewood must be prepared in advance to ensure drying.
A good stove should be massive and have a fairly large volume. Moreover, this entire volume should be located inside the building, reducing the usable area of the rooms. The decision to install stove heating should be made at the building design stage, since stoves very often require a foundation.
Types of stove heating
In addition to traditional stove heating, which heats rooms using infrared radiation emanating from the stove body, there are also options that additionally use physical laws to increase efficiency.
Water heat exchangers
The first type involves building a water heat exchanger into the firebox, which is connected to a circuit with heating devices - radiators, registers, heated towel rails. This method significantly increases heating efficiency and allows you to heat even those rooms that are far from the stove and even separated from it by partitions. In addition, this method solves the problem of uneven heating of the room.
Radiators can be installed under window openings, thereby eliminating the possibility of creating cold air currents. This type of heating, similar to heating from solid fuel boiler, is also convenient because after finishing the fire, the stove retains heat for a long time, ensuring natural circulation in the water circuit. Efficiency increases due to the fact that hot streams from burning fuel give off heat not only to the walls of the stove and chimney, but also heat the coolant in the heat exchanger. Therefore, much less heat escapes into the pipe.
Increased air circulation
The second option is based on the phenomenon of convection, with the help of which the air in the premises is given a circulation movement. This is accomplished by installing through inclined channels in the furnace body that are not related to the volume of the firebox. Sometimes additional channels are installed to ensure air circulation, structurally separated from the smoke channels. Air, heated in such channels, enters the room through the upper hole, while less heated air is drawn into the lower hole.
The speed of air movement will depend on the difference between the temperatures of the inlet and outlet flows. Convective air movement is formed in the room, providing quick and uniform heating. If you think through and correctly design such a system in advance, then heated air through air ducts can be supplied to different rooms, not in contact with the furnace volume.
Water circuit diagram
The water circuit is built into either the firebox, or into the hood or smoke channels. All options are effective, but in a hood or in smoke ducts the heat exchanger will be subject to less thermal loads and therefore its service life will be longer. Service life plays an important role here, because to replace the heat exchanger you will have to disassemble the stove and chimney.
The pipe layout for the water circuit is similar to the layout for a solid fuel boiler. It is necessary to place the pipe connecting the heat exchanger with the supply line slightly higher than the one that connects to the return line.
Important! For efficient work In a water circuit with natural coolant circulation, the heat exchanger should be located 40-50 cm below the radiators, otherwise the latter will have a temperature insufficient to warm up the internal volume.
The thing is that circulation is possible only if the temperature on the return line is significantly lower than the supply temperature. A radiator located at the same height as the heat exchanger will simply be cold, and the coolant will still cool in the pipes.
If there are only one or two radiators in the circuit and they are located in the same room, the last statement can be neglected. But in the case when a large country house is heated using this type, it is necessary to take into account radiators.
If the house is two-story, you can, for example, place a stove with a heat exchanger on the first floor, and heat the second floor using radiators included in the water circuit. If the house is low-rise and it is impossible to place the stove below the radiator installation level, it is necessary to provide for the installation of an electric circulation pump in the return line directly in front of the stove. In this case, the stove heating system turns out to be dependent on the performance of the house's power supply system.
Brick oven
Traditionally, heating stoves in private homes are made of brick. This material allows you to obtain any shape and configuration. The Russian stove is the most obvious example of such a structure. It consists of a body with a large firebox, which is cleaned and closed after burning and was previously used for cooking. The temperature allowed cooking as in a modern oven.
Sometimes a cooking stove is made of brick, connected by a chimney to the stove. The stove is covered with a cast iron plate with concentric rings.
Additional information: the simplest brick heating stove is laid out vertically, with a direct chimney. Such ovens are also called Dutch ovens. Their efficiency is low, since hot air simply rises and exits through the pipe. But thanks to small temperature losses flue gases these stoves can heat two rooms at once, located one above the other.
To improve heat transfer, two or three smoke revolutions are provided. To do this, a shield is laid out, inside of which there are smoke channels. At the bottom of each of them there is a closing hole for cleaning.
When constructing brick stoves, it is imperative to provide waterproofing of the casing from the foundation. The first two or three rows must be laid out from burnt bricks. It is recommended to place the fuel tank inside fire brick.
Cast iron stove
Cast iron stoves can also be used in buildings for space heating. The advantage over brick stoves is that cast iron stoves can be installed without a special foundation, even on an interfloor ceiling. Cast iron warms up quite quickly and does not cool down for a long time.
Prices for cast iron stoves are low; almost anyone can install one. As a result, the final cost of heating with a cast iron stove is much lower than with a brick stove.
A cast iron stove also has disadvantages. It must be installed at a distance of at least a meter from the walls in a wooden or frame house. Such stoves cannot be built into partitions, so only one room in the building can be heated.
Self-installation
For self-made stove heating, it is necessary to think through everything in advance to the smallest detail, so that you do not have to solve unforeseen problems later. It is necessary to calculate the thermal power of the future furnace and the amount of material required.
Where to place
If you plan to install a brick stove in a house under construction, you need to determine its location on the plan so that it can heat as large an area as possible. The ideal location would be approximately in the center of the house at the junction of several partitions. In this case, the chimney will be able to heat the premises of the second floor or attic.
For more efficient heating of rooms top floor holes are provided in the ceiling for the circulation of heated air. In the ceiling within one room there must be at least two such holes - one near the stove, the other on the opposite side.
Material selection
For the construction of the furnace, well-fired solid wood is used. clay brick. It is possible to use ordinary building solid bricks made of clay, provided that the firebox is lined with refractory bricks. The masonry mortar is made from oily clay with the addition of fine sand.
The part of the chimney located above the roof level must be made of sand-lime brick on cement mortar. The temperature of the flue gases in this area of the chimney is already low, and exposure to heat and atmospheric moisture (as well as exposure to wind and precipitation) will quickly destroy the clay brick.
For the manufacture of doors, grates, and valves, finished cast iron products are used, produced at enterprises specializing in the production of such products.
Important Details
When installing furnaces, it is necessary to take into account many important points. Here are some of them:
- Bricks must be soaked in water before laying to improve adhesion to the mortar;
- for grates, doors, cast iron kitchen stoves, it is necessary to leave gaps of 0.5-1.0 cm around the perimeter of the product. These gaps are needed to compensate for the difference in temperature expansion of metal and brick;
- the cross-section of the smoke channels must be strictly observed and their narrowing must not be allowed;
- Metal cannot be used either to reinforce the masonry or to cover the furnace. With a fivefold difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion, the furnace will quickly collapse. The stove must be covered with a brick vault.
With properly installed stove heating, a well-insulated building will not require frequent heating, and staying in such a house will be comfortable, and its operation will be economical.
Water heating systems continue to hold a leading position. Despite some complexity in installation, they ensure uninterrupted delivery of heat to heated rooms, taking thermal energy from gas boilers . If there is no gas in the house, the systems are powered from alternative heat sources. IN In this review, we will look at how to organize water heating in a private house from a wood-burning stove - in some cases, such stoves become the cheapest heating option.
What is a water circuit oven?
A traditional wood-burning stove has an extremely simple design - it contains a combustion chamber with a loading door, an ash pan with an ash pan and a chimney. It turns out to be a kind of potbelly stove, characterized by simplicity. But this simplicity deprives the stove of the ability to heat several rooms at once. This disadvantage is eliminated using a water circuit. As a result, we get a unit consisting of the following parts:
- Firebox – firewood, coal and other types of solid fuel are loaded here;
- Ash pan - the ash formed during combustion is poured into it;
- Chimney - through it combustion products are released into the atmosphere;
- A stove heating coil is a heat exchanger through which coolant circulates.
It is the coil that is the most important link here, because it is responsible for transferring heat to heating system.
Let's look at the main advantages of water heating with a wood-burning stove:
The choice of firewood should be approached very carefully, because the efficiency of the stove depends on it.
- Opportunity self-assembly stoves - nothing prevents you from assembling it yourself, focusing on the drawings and procedures;
- Low costs for maintaining the system in working order - due to the low cost of firewood;
- Availability of fuel – firewood can be purchased or chopped yourself.
In the latter case, we get almost free water heating with free firewood. But there are also disadvantages:
- The need for regular cleaning of the furnace for water heating - it needs to remove ash;
- The need to store a large amount of firewood - for this you will have to build a woodpile;
- Low efficiency - it rarely exceeds 80%, although some factory models have good efficiency, reaching or even exceeding 90%.
In addition, to maintain the functionality of water heating, the stove will have to be constantly fed with firewood. It is the frequent approaches to loading the next portion of logs that are the main disadvantage. But this disadvantage is neutralized by the pyrolysis combustion scheme.
The ash formed during the combustion of firewood is recommended to be used as a fertilizer for feeding flowers and agricultural crops.
The operating principle of a water heating system with a wood-burning stove is incredibly simple - burning wood releases thermal energy that is absorbed by a heat exchanger. From there, the heat is sent to radiators installed in the rooms. To control the temperature, a thermometer is installed in the system. Coolant circulation can be natural or forced (using a circulation pump).
Water heating with natural circulation is suitable for heating small households. It is characterized by simplicity and the absence of unnecessary costs for installation work. If the house is large, a scheme is implemented with forced circulation– after the wood-burning stove is installed in the system circulation pump, driving water through the system. Stove water heating can be open or closed type– in the latter case, the circuit is sealed; to compensate for the expansion of the coolant, a special membrane tank is built into it.
Making a stove with your own hands
A big advantage will be the purchase of a pyrolysis unit - it is distinguished by long-term burning of wood and increased efficiency.
Stove heating with a water circuit can heat large buildings - it all depends on the power of the stove used. If it is possible to purchase a factory-made wood-burning stove, then this is a plus. Factory units are more accurate and efficient, but they require funds to purchase them.
If there is a shortage of funds, stove heating with a water circuit is implemented on the basis of self-assembled wood-burning stoves. They are assembled from sheet metal and brick. Metal stoves are simple - to assemble them you need welding machine. They are also extremely compact and do not take up much space. Their brick versions are more voluminous, but they retain heat longer and have a more aesthetic appearance.
Wood-burning brick stoves have always been an attribute home comfort. And when supplemented with heat exchangers for organizing water heating, they will give warmth to the entire house, and not just one room.
Assembling a simple stove with a water circuit for heating a house with your own hands is not difficult for those who know how to handle tools. In this review we will look at two schemes - one of them will help you assemble a stove from metal, and the second from brick. But first we need to talk about making a coil, which is the heart of any heating unit, burning wood.
We make a coil
Stove water heating begins with the manufacture of a heat exchanger. If desired, you can equip an existing stove with it, adapting it to the size of the firebox. In this case, the costs will be minimal. In principle, the coil can have any design, and the basis for its manufacture is a steel pipe with a wall thickness of 4-5 mm - this thickness is necessary to prevent the coil from burning out from burning wood. It is also possible to use a profile rectangular pipe size 60x40 mm.
If it is possible to make a heat exchanger for water heating using a wood-burning stove from of stainless steel, then this is even better - stainless steel is highly resistant to corrosion. Coils made of bent copper pipe have good characteristics.
Diagram of the most successful coil.
For example, a coil can be arranged according to the drawing in the figure on the left. It is made of metal pipes of various diameters. The firewood here burns as if inside a heat exchanger, and the heat is transferred to the circulating water. If necessary, you can make the coil according to any other pattern. There is an alternative solution - a brick stove with water heating is built in the house, in which the heat exchanger is the simplest cast-iron battery.
How to make a brick oven
A brick stove with a water circuit for heating a house is a reliable and nice solution. The only catch is to lay out the masonry beautifully, which not everyone can do. We will take this order as an example.
To assemble a wood-burning stove we will need:
- Fire brick;
- Mixture for laying stoves - sold in a form ready for mixing;
- Tool for working with the mixture – “trowel”;
- Building level.
In the presented order we see a fairly simple stove for water heating with a built-in heat exchanger. Nothing prevents you from choosing any other arrangement without a coil - you can equip almost any brick stove with it, placing it directly in the firebox. You can calculate the preliminary dimensions of the firebox based on the dimensions of the bricks used and, based on the data obtained, calculate the dimensions of the coil.
Please note that the dimensions of the heat exchanger should be slightly smaller than the firebox - thermal expansion metal when heated will cause a change in its size.
We proceed in the same way with any other arrangement - we calculate the size of the future firebox and make a heat exchanger for it. Other layouts of heat exchangers are also possible, for example, inside smoke ducts. This option will be optimal when using a cast iron battery.
When creating water heating for a private house from a stove, it should be noted that the room in which the stove itself is located does not need to install radiators - it will be heated by the heat emanating from brick walls. Radiators are placed in other rooms where the heat from the heating unit does not reach. By the way, it is possible to save a little on radiators if you mount the stove so that thermal energy came from its walls into two or three rooms at once.
Making a metal furnace
Stove heating with a water circuit in a wooden house can be made on the basis of a metal stove, although nothing prevents you from giving preference to brick. But there is less fuss with metal, and such a stove will take up minimal space. As a basis, let's take the diagram of the simplest potbelly stove and remove the internal partitions from it.
We offer you a drawing of one of the simplest, but at the same time effective metal furnaces.
These partitions are necessary for the implementation of the pyrolysis combustion scheme, but in the case of our water heating they become unnecessary. Instead, the entire internal volume will be occupied by a heat exchanger. It can be made from pipes or sheet metal - in the latter case, its area will be slightly larger, which will increase the thermal power of our unit.
To make a stove you will need sheet metal 4-5 mm thick. We cut out the walls and make a grate from the reinforcement. We mount the base, put the heat exchanger inside, and assemble the structure together. We install the chimney, connect the stove to the water heating system, fill in the coolant and conduct a test run. Please note that the room in which it stands metal stove, heated by its own heat, without additional radiators.
It’s not difficult to create a water jacket for a stove with your own hands. And it can already be installed in any stove - metal or brick. Heating a house with wood is fraught with frequent fiddling with heating equipment, but in the absence of gas, other alternatives look more expensive. To implement more efficient home heating, use our recommendations:
- Do not skimp on the thickness of the sheet iron - remember that the service life of the furnace depends on this;
- Be sure to use thermometers and pressure gauges to monitor the operating parameters of the heating system;
- Do not use alternative coolants that are not resistant to high temperatures;
- Ensure that you get rid of heat losses - this will allow you to count on economical use of firewood for heating your home.
These tips will make heating a private home using wood more efficient.
Video
Every year the construction of individual housing increases, the popularity of private country houses is increasing. IN modern construction A large number of heating systems are used, but conventional stove heating with a water circuit is also widely used, even within the city, where it is not always easy to buy firewood.
Humanity has been heating their homes with firewood since ancient times; stoves in homes have been modified over time, and boilers with a water circuit have been invented for them.
Advantages of a water circuit
A conventional wood-burning stove distributes heat unevenly - it is hot near the firebox, and the further away from the stove, the colder it is. It’s uncomfortable at home because the temperature is different everywhere: I went to watch TV and it was cool, but I came to the kitchen to warm up. With water heating at home there are no such inconveniences; on the contrary, all the heat is distributed evenly throughout all rooms.
In addition, the stove can not only heat, such wood-burning heating is usually installed above the hob stove, that is, you can cook, which increases efficiency. A stove with a water circuit is, in fact, a solid fuel boiler, but here, in addition to the built-in system, the stove itself and chimneys additionally carry heat into the house, which even after the combustion is completed for a long time remain heated.
Furnaces with a water circuit are widely used in rural areas where there is no gas supply. When choosing water heating, you do not need to buy an expensive industrial gas boiler. A wood boiler is an economical way to heat a house.
Brick stove with water heating - cons
One of the disadvantages of the water circuit is that the boiler reduces the useful volume of the firebox. To compensate for this moment, when laying the furnace, it is necessary to provide the required width of the boiler. If a heat exchanger is installed, firewood will have to be added more often to the finished stove when firing it.
Craftsmen recommend moving the stove when installing a water circuit, since thermal energy will be spent on heating the firebox, leaving the walls of the stove poorly heated. Only the upper part, where the chimneys are located, will warm up well.
Houses with water heating must be heated regularly in winter, otherwise the entire system may freeze and fail.
Principle of installation and operation of the system
Combined heating system for a private house
A boiler is installed in the firebox, two pipes are connected to it - one feeds the hot water, which is sent through the expansion tank into the system, the other returns water back to the register. Thus, water circulates in the system due to the force of gravitational law.
Often, small but powerful pumps are installed for good circulation. Such a pump is usually installed on a water return pipe (return); this method is especially effective when a large room is heated, which allows you to maintain the temperature in all parts of the system almost the same.
How to build a water stove at home?
- There are three ways to do stove heating with a water circuit with your own hands:
- buy a steel stove from a manufacturer whose services include system installation;
- hire a craftsman - a specialist will select the material, make the device, lay out the stove and install the boiler;
- do it yourself.
How to make such a stove yourself
Can you make such a system yourself? Quite, just experience in welding and bricklaying when building a furnace is enough. First you need to prepare the boiler (register, coil, heat exchanger).
You can buy such a device or make it yourself using sheet iron and pipes. Since the full process of manufacturing and installing a water circuit cannot be summarized in a short review, the main recommendations are presented below.
For the boiler, a sheet of metal with a thickness of at least 5 mm is used, and its design is made in such a way that there is maximum heating of the water for further circulation. The boiler, welded from sheet steel, is easy to manufacture and operate – it is easy to clean.
But such a heat exchanger has a smaller heating area, unlike a pipe register. It is difficult to make a pipe register at home yourself - you need accurate calculations and suitable conditions for work, such boilers are usually manufactured to order by specialists who themselves install the system on site.
The simplest method of a solid fuel heat exchanger is a regular potbelly stove with a built-in water system. Here you can take a thick pipe as a basis, then there will be much less welding work.
Attention! All welding seams must be made double, since the temperature in the firebox is not lower than 1000 degrees. If you weld ordinary seams, there is a chance that this place will quickly burn out.
Complete the register drawings in accordance with the dimensions of the stove at home. The layout of the rooms of the house and the arrangement of furniture also need to be taken into account. Here you need to pay attention that it is better to choose a scheme with sheet-metal boilers - they do not have pipe bends connected into one continuous circuit. It is not so troublesome to build such a structure. It is also convenient because after installation you can use the hob without any problems, which is not the case with some tube boilers.
When the coolant moves by gravity, it is necessary expansion tank raise it higher, and use larger diameter pipes. If the pipes are of insufficient size, then you cannot do without a pump, since there will not be good circulation.
Boilers equipped with pumps have their pros and cons: you can save money by installing pipes of a smaller diameter and not raising the system so high, but there is one significant disadvantage - when the electricity is turned off or the circulation pump burns out, the heated boiler may simply explode.
It is better to assemble the structure at home, on site, since the device, like individual parts, has a very large weight and dimensions.
System installation
- Before installation, a solid foundation is poured, on top of which it is better to lay a layer of brick.
- The grate can be laid at different stages: before the boiler, if there is a double structure, the lower part of which can be equal to or higher than the upper part of the grate, when the stove is low and the system is placed a little higher, then the grate, doors, corner on the stove are usually installed after installing the boiler .
- The housing is installed - usually it consists of two containers connected to each other by pipes.
- The entire heat exchange system is welded to the boiler: the exhaust pipe goes to the expander, goes in a circle, through the radiators, and on the other side the return pipe is welded to the boiler from below.
Stove heating with a water circuit allows, firstly, to use firewood much more rationally, and secondly, to evenly distribute warm air throughout the heated room.
If you decide to make your own heating system at home with a water circuit using wood, think through all the stages of the work, and if you have doubts about the successful outcome, it is better to contact specialists.
Video: Leningrad heating system
The times when stove heating was the only means of heating a home and cooking food are long gone. Now many people prefer to heat their homes with gas or electric boilers, since they free the owner from the need to worry about procuring fuel for the stove. It's convenient, but there are people who have no idea a private house without oven. She will always help heat the room, prepare food, and she is not afraid of power or gas outages.
A properly made stand and an appropriate hood will allow you to place the stove even in the living room wooden house, where the warmth of the hearth will warm the whole family more than once
Stove heating is still relevant
Despite the fact that now there are many ways to heat your home, a stove for heating a home does not lose its relevance. Beautifully laid out in brick, lined with stone or decorative tiles, the stove perfectly complements the interior of the house. A cast iron stove or fireplace also fits perfectly into general interior. Many people cannot even imagine their home without a good Russian stove. After all, how nice it is to warm up near the stove in winter, especially since there will always be a place where you can dry your shoes and clothes. Therefore, stoves have always been popular and will remain so for many years to come.
Important Requirements, to which stove heating corresponds:
fire safety;
low consumption of fuel resources;
duration of fuel combustion;
ease of maintenance;
heats up very quickly and at the same time retains heat for a long time and transfers it to the room.
Modern technologies are penetrating all industries - certain changes have also affected the furnace industry. Modern stoves can be equipped in such a way that they can serve as a heating tank, a generator of electricity from fuel combustion. Many are designed in such a way that one stack of firewood is enough to maintain combustion for a long time.
Stove heating of a private house
There are a huge variety of stove options. Here are just a few of them:
cast iron stoves for heating;
cast iron stoves for heating and cooking;
cast iron stoves based on fireplace design;
brick kilns "Shvedka";
brick ovens for heating and cooking food;
Russian stoves;
brick fireplace stoves;
Dutch brick stoves.
All these types have their advantages and disadvantages. Each stove for heating a home is good in its own way. Below is an example of a classic brick oven.
A carefully made stove will perfectly complement the interior of the house
Advantages of the stove heating method
In order to understand the need to install a stove for heating a private home, you need to know a number of its advantages:
absolute autonomy work and independence from external factors, such as turning off water, gas or electricity;
brickwork is capable warm the room for a long time, even if the fire in the firebox has already gone out;
simultaneously with heating the rooms, the stove can use for cooking;
efficiency in terms of the purchase of fuel and the need to pay bills for the general supply of gas, electricity and water, the availability of firewood, compared to peat or coal;
absence overheated and dry air;
just a pleasant atmosphere in the house;
Ease of operation: no high-tech electronic equipment required.
The advantage of a brick oven is that it can be designed according to your wishes and preferences.
Disadvantages of stove heating
Along with the advantages, stoves also have negative qualities.
Enough long heating time. This happens because bricks take a long time to heat up.
Some amount is lost usable area , since the larger the house, the larger the stove will have to be installed.
Heavy weight. If the stove is very large, you will have to build a separate foundation for it.
Uneven heating of all rooms, that is, the further the room is from the stove, the more time it will take to heat it; warm air will reach it last.
What is taken into account when choosing
Choosing which stove to install is not so easy. Stoves are made of brick and metal. Usually cast iron is used as a metal: it holds heat the longest.
When choosing the dimensions of the furnace, its shape, and material, several factors should be taken into account:
Number of heated rooms. For one or two rooms, a small metal stove is sufficient. For larger houses with more rooms, a brick oven should be installed. It can be supplemented with a water circuit that stretches through all the rooms. This option allows you to increase the efficiency of the stove, as well as heat all rooms more quickly and efficiently.
Room dimensions. It is logical to assume that a large brick stove will simply take up the entire space of a small room.
The type of fuel on which the future furnace will operate. It can be gas, firewood, peat, coal. Combined devices are often used, but they have their own design and this must be taken into account.
In the old days, stoves were installed in the center of the house. They went out on each side into all the rooms, heating each of them. Massive stoves take a very long time to cool down, so after lighting you can be sure that all rooms will be heated. During installation, you will need to additionally cut a hole in the roof for the pipe to exit. In general, a place for a stove should be laid out at the stage of building a house. A well-chosen location is the key to effective use of the stove’s functionality, because it can not only heat, but also cook.
When designing a house, you can plan the location of the furnace and design a pipeline for heating distant rooms and heating water
Even when choosing a stove for country house you will have to think about the following points:
where the stove will be installed;
what size will it be;
how the chimney will exit: through the wall or through the roof;
if the stove is brick, you will have to cut through the floor and prepare an additional foundation for it;
provide fire safety measures;
construction companies who offer house insulation services
Schemes and designs of stove heating in the house
Stove heating of a private house is divided into several types according to the design of the firebox:
Direct flow. Basically, such stoves are made of brick. The principle of their operation is to pass a flow of air through the ash pan, then through the grate, maintaining the combustion of fuel, and then exits through the pipe, already in the form of smoke. The big drawback of this design is its very low efficiency: a significant part of the heat, in the literal sense, simply flies out into the chimney. Once-through furnaces are equipped with special valves that close when the fuel burns out and stops producing carbon monoxide. This allows you to maintain the heat for a long time. Also, to increase the efficiency, during assembly of the furnace, broken glass can be placed in it, which holds the temperature for a very long time.
Duct. main feature Such stoves are a system of channels through which smoke moves and uniformly heats the entire stove. Thanks to this solution, the entire structure heats up faster and retains heat well. The heating rate depends directly on the length of the channels and their number.
Kolpakovaya. The operating principle is based on the movement of flow gases in a natural way. First, they fill the cap, where they cool and then come out on their own through a special cover. This allows the stove to heat evenly and quickly, which then retains heat for a long time, heating the room. Unlike the first two options, this design is easy to maintain. Soot can be easily removed from the hood through a special hole, whereas in the first two cases you will have to clean the chimneys and pipe, which is not very convenient.
Water circuit. This is not a firebox design, but a fairly common element of the heating circuit that can be installed on any stove. You just need to add a heating tank to the firebox or a coil on the pipe.
Types of furnace equipment
Furnace equipment means structural elements, which are used during installation and operation of the stove. In cast iron stoves they are already included in the kit from the manufacturer, but if you connect an additional water circuit to them, you will have to purchase more additional elements for oven:
Pipes. These may be plastic or metal pipes. Preference is always given to metal ones, as they are more reliable, but plastic ones are cheaper. Minus plastic pipes is the possibility of their melting at the joints with metal. Metal ones do not have this drawback.
Diaphragm (expansion) tank. It is necessary to maintain constant pressure in the pipes. When heated, the water begins to expand and enter this tank, so the pipes will not collapse from excess pressure. When cooling, excess water from the tank begins to gradually flow back into the pipes.
You can’t do without an expansion tank with any method of heating your home.
Radiators. They are usually installed directly under the windows. They increase the heat transfer of the water circuit.
Water pump. It is required for water circulation in the circuit. Its installation helps to quickly heat the room, since the heated water quickly enters the radiators and heats the room. Without a pump, the movement of water through the pipes is carried out by gravity, but for this it is necessary to make special slopes, calculate the difference in heights and the difference in temperatures of the first circuit with heated water and the second circuit with cooled water - it is also called return.
Heat exchanger. It is installed in the furnace firebox, above it, or on the chimney. All options have their advantages and disadvantages. This is a kind of boiler in which water will subsequently be heated. For chimneys, the heating tank is made in the form of a coil; for a firebox, it can have an arbitrary shape, but it is very important that it has a sufficient area of contact with the stove flame.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer installation services for stoves and fireplaces. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Wood stoves for heating a private home
Wood stoves have long been the most popular heating device, as wood is often the most accessible source heat.
There are several types of ovens:
with water circuit;
simultaneously cooking and heating;
The choice of wood stoves can be made from the simplest in design to the most complex. Here are options for some of them:
-
wood burning boiler;
a stove with a cooking surface;
stove with the ability to burn wood for a long time;
Russian stove.
"potbelly stove";
classic oven;
pyrolysis oven;
Video description
About the wood stove in the heating system, see the following video:
When choosing, you should first of all pay attention to the technical and operational characteristics:
dimensions of the furnace itself;
availability of additional devices;
thermal capacity;
the material from which it is made.
Brick and metal are the most popular materials for stove construction
Choosing a wood stove for home heating
Variants and modifications of modern heating stoves there are a huge variety. As the number of options increases, the problem of choice always arises. Usually guided by the following principles:
The size of the stove should be selected based on the dimensions of the room and the number of heated rooms;
functional purpose: cooking, heating, combined;
correct selection oven power.
Everyone's taste preferences are different. It is difficult to give advice on this matter. You must always proceed from the functional purpose of the stove. If the stove just needs to heat, then you can take it to a separate room. If you like an open fire, next to which you can sit on a cold winter evening, then you should choose a design that allows installation inside the house. Such a stove will perfectly complement the interior of the room.
Video description
Watch the video about choosing a wood stove:
Correct oven placement
As in the old days, building a house begins with planning the placement of the stove. There are some rules to follow:
The area of the room must be more than 16 square meters.
Do not install close to stone wall, then most of the heat will be transferred to the outside of the house. But in wooden houses this is not at all recommended for fire safety reasons.
A heavy stove will eventually break any joists and rafters, so a brick stove needs a separate foundation.
Large stove with storage for firewood and a stove bench separating the kitchen and living room
If the goal is to heat as much as possible more rooms, then it should be installed so that the stove is part of all these rooms. It is installed in the partitions of rooms in such a way that its walls or corners fall into these rooms.
This is how, for example, stoves were installed in the old days in many village huts. The stove is located in the center, and the rooms are located around its perimeter. This classic version placement of the furnace. The whole house is heated at the same time.
If the layout consists of two rooms: a common room and a kitchen, then it makes more sense to move the main part into the room, and the hob and firebox into the kitchen.
Fire safety requirements for stove heating at home
Before installing a stove, you should think about fire safety in advance, since during combustion the stove will heat up to a high temperature. To avoid fire when installing the stove, the following must be observed: security measures:
The oven needs to be installed at some distance from the wall. Firstly, there will be no direct contact with the wall, especially if the surfaces are wooden. Stone walls will further cool the stove, which will affect fuel consumption. Secondly, the air in this gap will heat up, and not the wall itself;
The walls where the stove is installed should be additionally cover with non-combustible material. Sheet slate is ideal for these purposes. It conducts heat poorly and does not ignite. All walls should be sheathed in places where the future stove will even indirectly come into contact with the wall;
Video description
Clearly about fire safety stove heating in the following video:
If the walls are decorated with flammable materials, then distance there should be at least half a meter between them and the stove;
Be sure to place it next to the firebox metal sheet or any other non-combustible material, for example slate. If the oven is made of brick, then you can lay out an additional container from it. This is done in case coals accidentally fall out of the firebox.
To protect the walls and floor from fire, heat-resistant tiles can be laid around the stove.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer construction audit services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Selection of materials for the furnace
Main building material for stoves is a brick that is laid on clay or special solution resistant to impact high temperatures. The bricks themselves are also used specially - fire-resistant, for laying stoves.
There are also special facing bricks For exterior finishing. They have a curly shape and lower thermal conductivity properties. Cladding also helps to avoid sudden temperature changes between the room and brickwork, which has a detrimental effect on the brick.
The brick chosen is solid - it has good heat capacity and heat transfer. For the chimney use the most quality brick, since temperature differences outside the house are much greater than indoors.
Brick options for laying a stove and chimney may be different, but it is important that the material can withstand the loads placed on it
How stove and water heating are combined
Water heating from a stove helps to significantly increase the efficiency of the stove. Although small in size, a stove with a water circuit is capable of heating large areas.
To organize water heating, a heat exchanger is built into the body of the stove, and sometimes it is built into the chimney. Next, pipes are supplied to the heat exchanger, which are subsequently connected to radiators. An expansion tank and pump are installed on the return line. A pump is not necessary, but it helps circulate water in the pipes. Thanks to good circulation, the rooms begin to be heated as soon as the stove is fired. A drainage system is also required to be installed. If the stove will not be used for a long time, for example, in winter, then the water from the system must be drained so that it does not freeze in the pipes and damage them.
Video description
You can see about water heating from a wood stove in the following video:
Equipment for water stove heating
For the water circuit you will need:
-
radiators;
water pump;
expansion tank;
heat exchanger;
drain valves;
thermometer;
With a well-thought-out layout, stove heating can heat sufficiently big house on 2-3 floors
How to make a foundation for a stove correctly
For stoves with a low weight of up to 250 kg, a foundation is not needed at all. But for heavy brick structures it is necessary. Here you need to know that the stove is not placed on the main foundation of the house, since heat will escape through it to the outside.
The type of foundation is chosen separately in each case - depending on the foundation of the house and other factors. Most often they use monolithic, block or pile.
The foundation for the stove should be laid during the construction of the house. Therefore, its location should be determined in advance. If the stove needs to be installed in an already rebuilt house, and the floors in it are wooden, then you will have to cut through the floor and dig a pit for installing the foundation.
The base for the stove should not be in contact with the main foundation of the house and be at least 5 cm away from it. It is best to place a large, massive brick stove in the center of the house. This is the most optimal solution for uniform heating of rooms.
How to light a stove correctly
Before lighting the stove, it should be prepared - clean the firebox and ash pan so that the remaining coals and ash do not interfere with the burning of new firewood. Next, you need to put the required volume of firewood into the firebox so that there is space for air exchange. To ignite, place a piece of paper under the logs, which is set on fire from the side of the ash pit.
Conclusion
Even despite the widespread use of modern heating devices, wood-burning and other solid fuel stoves remain in demand for country houses. Even if we do not take into account the practical and economic side of its use, decorative effect stoves in the interior are difficult to overestimate. The only difficulty that may arise if you want to install stove heating is to find a competent stove-maker. Despite the popularity of brick kilns, qualified craftsmen There are not many people who know all the intricacies of the furnace business.
Planning to get your own country cottage, almost every future developer is forced to think about how to heat it in winter. If there is gas in the village, for obvious reasons there is usually no dilemma. But when blue fuel has to look for an alternative, then the choice is quite difficult for a city dweller. Due to “voltage surges” and power limitations electrical systems in rural areas are too unreliable. Diesel boilers and liquefied gas units seem to be autonomous, but the price of such heating is too high, and the equipment is not cheap. And affordable stove heating in a private home in all respects seems to some to be something conservative and low-tech.
Meanwhile, heating with a stove in many cases is the most the best option to heat a country home, both during the constant stay of people and during periodic visits. Furnaces operating on solid fuel, have long proven their practicality and effectiveness, but citizens who have not encountered them before are captivated by common myths and have a poor understanding of their advantages and disadvantages. It’s worth figuring out what a good old stove can do, let’s try to debunk these myths.
Vacation home with stove heating - it's beautiful and functional
Operating principle of heating stoves
Heating by stove is local. Fuel (usually wood or coal) is burned in a fuel chamber with air supply. Flue gases, under the influence of natural draft, move through long channels to the vertical exhaust passages and are removed outside. During this time, they heat the brick mass of the furnace, and the hot stone, in turn, releases heat into the room.
Myth No. 1. The stove must be heated continuously, and firewood must be constantly added.
This mode of operation is inherent in various potbelly stoves - they heat up quickly and cool down quickly. However, brick ovens are designed for 1-2 fires during the day, and each time all (or almost all) of the fuel is loaded into the chamber. Of course, you will need to set the valves in the right position in time and periodically remove ash from the ash pit. The greater the heat capacity of the stove, the better the house is insulated, the less often it needs to be heated, once a day - this is a fairly common option.
Advantages and disadvantages of a country house with stove heating
Of course, there are both positive and negative aspects that become more or less relevant in certain conditions. It is worth considering the feasibility of stove heating as a whole, weighing all the pros and cons.
The advantages of heating with a stove
- The cost of constructing a furnace (as well as its maintenance) is several times less than that of competing systems of similar power.
- Full autonomy. There is no connection to electricity, water, or gas pipeline. For example, firewood is publicly available and the price is reasonable almost everywhere.
- There is no coolant liquid - there is no danger of defrosting the pipes. Therefore, such heating is excellent for a summer house that is visited from time to time.
- Exist combined options designs with the function of cooking or heating water. And also with a dryer, oven, fireplace, etc.
- Find finished projects houses with stove heating are not a problem today.
Disadvantages of furnace systems
- Stone oven - large device, steam square meters It will take up space in the center of the house (although there are also quite compact models measuring about 1 m 2 on the floor).
- It takes time to initially warm up the furnace mass (then it does not cool down completely between fires).
- Relatively low efficiency in terms of heat transfer (increased by lengthening the strokes, using caps and “free movement of gases”).
- There is no way to automate processes.
- It is advisable to build a heavy stone stove at the stage of building a house. The layout of a house with stove heating is the prerogative of specialists.
- Firewood must be properly prepared, and in advance (for example, dry freshly cut wood for at least a season, store it under a canopy).
It is better to place the stove in the center of the house
Myth No. 2. The temperature inside a stove-heated house is very unpredictable
Some unevenness sometimes occurs, this is explained by the fact that the strongest heat transfer occurs at the end of the firebox, and by the time of the next session the channels have already cooled down. This problem does not exist if the stove is massive enough for a particular building, and its channels are folded, for example, not into a quarter of a brick, but into half. No less important is the heat capacity, as well as the insulating characteristics of the cottage’s enclosing structures. Also do temperature regime Increasing the number of fireboxes helps to make things more uniform. Let's say that instead of just a long morning melting, two shorter ones are used (morning and evening).
What is unique about the design of stone stoves?
IN in this case the device includes not only a heat-generating unit, but also heat-conducting channels and heat-transferring surfaces. Each oven consists of the following elements:
- fireboxes and blowers;
- chimneys (channels);
- outlet pipe;
- mirrors, heating panels (surfaces that give off heat);
- grate bars, doors, valves;
- independent foundation.
There are hundreds of design options for stone stoves; each device will differ in configuration, size, functionality, and thermal efficiency. Many models received proper names, but according to their purpose and special abilities they are classified as enlarged groups.
By type of calorific value:
- Long burning stoves. There may be air ducts, relatively thin walls - they quickly warm up the room, but quickly cool down, which means they need to be heated more often and for longer. Well suited for the dacha, where they are rarely visited.
- Fast burning stoves that give off heat for a long time. The combustion session is shorter, there may be fewer fireboxes themselves, since the walls of the channels are more massive, and in general the masonry is more voluminous and heavier (they accumulate more heat).
Metal water heat exchanger
You can also distinguish types of stone stoves by purpose and additional components:
- heating;
- heating and cooking;
- with built-in fireplace;
- with oven, barbecue, grill;
- with water tank;
- with water or air heat exchanger.
Myth No. 3. It is impossible to heat a two-story house with stoves. You need two separate stoves.
This is, of course, not true. There are at least two normal solutions. Firstly, there are models of two-story stoves that have one firebox, but elongated heating surfaces passing through the ceiling. By the way, these devices are quite compact in terms of footprint. The second option is to use a coolant, for example, in a water circuit or air duct system. The situation is approximately the same with the heating of small apartment buildings.
How to choose the power of stove heating in a private house
The main thing you need to do is choose a stove correct size, more precisely, we will be interested in the area of heated surfaces. Here it is necessary to take into account the total heat loss of the building. It is believed that the stove should replenish them with an error of 10-15 percent when fired twice. To determine the required thermal productivity, there is a simple formula (the task is to heat the room to +18, with an outside temperature of -30). To do this, the cubic capacity of the house is multiplied by a factor of 21 and the value is obtained in kcal/hour. For reference: one square meter of the mirror of stone stoves produces on average about 300 kcal/hour, the stove of heating and cooking models emits approximately 600-900 kcal/hour, the heating shield – up to 1200.
Myth No. 4. Stove heating is low-power.
In fact, there are stoves for houses of 100-120 square meters and are actively used. And models of 5-7 kilowatts (50-70 m2) are generally considered classics.
Such a stove will give off heat for a long time
Applicable and more simple technique calculation - for every 10 square meters of cottage area there should be about 1 kW of furnace power. For reference: this is about 860 kcal/hour. Naturally, these values are approximate; the configuration and specific characteristics should be calculated individually.
As a conclusion, one more myth – No. 5. Brick ovens are very difficult to build.
A professional stove maker is a person belonging to a special caste. However, practice shows that many home craftsmen can master the technology and make stove heating themselves. Although, it should be understood that there are also difficult designs that amateurs should not attempt. In any case, the plan for a house with stove heating must be approved by specialists.
Video: stove heating
