Plastic pipes are long products with a constant cross-sectional diameter, which are widely used to create water supply systems, heating systems and sewerage systems. The popularity of these products is due to their economical price, light weight and hygiene. The products are not subject to corrosion, do not react with aggressive environments and have low thermal conductivity, which avoids heat loss during transportation hot water. The smoothness of the walls allows the speed of fluid movement to be increased by 30% compared to steel. Plaque does not accumulate on their surface, and the cross-sectional area remains unchanged throughout the entire service life. Since the walls remain clean, they are not a favorable environment for the growth of bacteria. Ease plastic structures simplifies and speeds up their installation. The disadvantages of plastic include lower mechanical strength and instability to ultraviolet radiation. Polymers have a limited operating temperature range, which does not allow their use, for example, in steam heating.
Types of plastic products
Today, three types of plastic products are produced: polyethylene, polypropylene and PVC. Polyethylene pipes are manufactured with a diameter from 20 to 160 mm; they can be used for installation of pressure and non-pressure pressure systems residential, administrative and production premises. These products can withstand temperatures down to -20 degrees and are resistant to pressure changes in the water supply system, but the temperature range does not allow them to be used for hot water supply and heating systems. When laying pipes in the ground great importance has its mobility, since polyethylene may not withstand the load.
Polypropylene pipes are characterized by more high degree rigidity and strength, but they bend much worse, which requires the use of more fittings. The advantage of this polymer is the ability to withstand temperatures up to 95 degrees, making such pipes suitable for installation heating systems and hot water supply. For this reason, polypropylene products are very popular, which is also facilitated by the affordable price of pipes and fittings. The products can be connected by welding and can withstand fairly high pressure, therefore they are used in the construction of irrigation systems. We also produce sewerage polypropylene pipes for non-pressure systems. They are convenient because they allow for a hermetically sealed connection with old cast iron products.
PVC pipes are significantly limited in use, since the material emits toxic substances after a certain period of operation, therefore this type of product is mainly used for laying sewer systems. Important advantage This material contributes to its field of application - resistance to aggressive environments. The products are available in a wide range of sizes for pressure and non-pressure systems.
How do plastic products differ from metal-plastic ones?
All plastic products consist of one dense layer of material, that is, they are homogeneous. What is most important when thermal expansion. It is because of the difference in the indicators of this parameter that three-layer metal-plastic pipes begin to leak at the joints. The diameter of plastic products is practically unlimited and ranges from 16-160 mm, while metal-plastic products are produced in the range of 16-63 mm. Thanks to thicker walls, polypropylene pipes can withstand greater pressure drops and have better mechanical characteristics. The thermal conductivity of metal-plastic is higher, which is a plus for heating systems, but a minus for hot water supply systems. The advantages of metal-plastic structures are a wider temperature range and resistance to ultraviolet radiation and atmospheric oxygen. Installation plastic water pipe does not require expensive equipment and is less costly in time and effort. Even beginners can install it.
For a long time, pipes made of cast iron and galvanized steel were the main material for water supply and sewerage systems. However, in the process of development, the need arose to use more reliable elements in these systems.
Striving for increased comfort indoors and safe life, reduced operating costs and reduced metal consumption are just some of the reasons why engineers were interested in updating engineering systems. A good alternative to the old ones metal products became a pipe made of polymer materials. Such elements are an alternative option for various communications. Plastic pipes with reinforcing inserts are used in almost all areas of human activity.
Advantages and disadvantages of plastic pipes
The use of polymers in a certain area produces both positive and negative results.
Each type of pipe has individual quality characteristics, among which you should pay attention to the positive aspects:
- The importance of convenient assembly is important when performing installation work yourself.
- Flawless performance of its functions over time. Polymer materials can be used for almost half a century, which is slightly longer than their metal counterparts.
- Due to the inability of polymers to undergo electrochemical reactions, corrosion processes do not occur on the surface of products made from these materials.
- Possibility of using transparent polymer pipes both for hidden and open installation. This transparent PVC tube is quite in demand in many areas of activity.
- Safety for the environment and human health.
- Small mass.
- Low thermal conductivity.
- No audible noise when water passes inside the pipe cavity.
- Wide application. Elements from plastic materials are used not only in life support systems, but also in other places. For example, you can make a frame for a greenhouse or greenhouse.
Pipes also have downsides. Particular attention should be paid to the following characteristics:
- Not all types of polymer pipe products can be used for the installation of fire-fighting water supply systems.
- Use only certain types of pipe products for hot water.
- Installation of each type of pipe is carried out using individual technology.
These characteristics can rather be called distinctive features polymer products. An explanation for this fact can be given as follows: the standard of pipe products is considered to be pipe elements made of galvanized steel, and all discrepancies with the parameters of these products are considered deficiencies. Polymer products were no exception.
Currently, you can find several types of plastic pipes:
- Products made of polyvinyl chloride – PVC pipes.
- Polypropylene tubular products, designated PP.
- Elements made of polyethylene, designated by the letters PE.
- Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene with the designation PEX (more details: " ").
- Metal-plastic pipes – PEX-AL-PEX.
Some properties of PVC products
Elements made of polyvinyl chloride were the first to replace the steel water supply network, as they comply with Sanitary Standards and Rules. In addition, PVC pipe can be used in sewer and technological systems.
The popularity of polyvinyl chloride pipes is due to some features of the material:
- No need for special installation tools. The elements are connected by special welding or into a socket using a rubber cuff.
- Good rigidity and correctly selected connection elements create a durable system similar to metal pipes. Consequently, design and installation can be carried out in accordance with the calculations for steel systems.
- The use of PVC pressure systems to secure pipelines makes it possible to lay plastic pipes underground.
- Possibility of external installation. PVC pipes have an attractive appearance, which is very important when laying pipes open method.
- Low price. Polyvinyl chloride is a cheap polymer, so the cost of the entire system made of polyvinyl chloride will be much lower than analogues made from other polymer materials.
Polypropylene elements
Polypropylene pipes can be of several types.
Multilayer polypropylene. Products made from such material are produced in three types with their own characteristic features:
- The thick-walled PP pipe is covered with aluminum foil using a sealant and protected with a thin layer of polypropylene.
- Products in which all layers are connected by perforated holes in the foil.
- Less flexible plastic is sandwiched between two main layers.
The standard length of PP pipes is 4 meters, outside diameter products range from 1.5 to 12.5 cm. The configuration of polypropylene pipes depends on the purpose; a decorative box and elements for connecting pipes can be added to the kit.
Fittings and polypropylene pipes are connected by thermoplastic welding using special equipment. PP pipes can be connected to a steel pipeline using threaded connecting elements.
Scope of use
Polypropylene pipes are used in various areas:
- Domestic cold water supply, including drinking water.
- Heating and hot water supply systems (using PPRC pipes).
- Process pipelines, including product transportation lines and compressed air installations.
Polyethylene pipes
Polyethylene pipes have a second name - polyethylene pressure pipes. The main application of these products is the construction of internal and external pressure pipelines, in drainage, sewer and water supply systems.
If we compare polyethylene pipes with similar products made from other polymeric materials, we can note that work can be carried out at lower temperatures, down to -20 0 C. This property is especially important when laying and operating pipelines in winter cold conditions. In this case, there are no problems even with a plastic pipe for electrical wiring.
Methods for joining materials
Polyethylene pipes can be connected in two ways:
- Using polypropylene or brass connecting elements with a rubber sealing ring, as well as using electric welded couplings, pipe products with an outer diameter of 2 to 6 centimeters are connected.
- Method butt welding It is recommended to connect plastic water pipes with a diameter of 6 to 16 cm.
Modern enterprises have launched the production of pipes made of high- and low pressure, having the corresponding designation PVD and HDPE.
Having studied the labeling of plastic products, you can choose one or another type that best suits the work process. A large number of factories produce such pipes.
Types of cross-linked polyethylene pipes
To increase strength and increase the melting point of polyethylene elements, this material is processed under pressure. At the same time, domestic standards must be observed. As a result of this processing, unique bridges are formed between the molecules, facilitating additional binding of molecules.
This process is called cross-linking, and the resulting polyethylene is called cross-linked. It is not recommended to connect cross-linked polyethylene pipes using a welding iron. The best option joining pipes made of such material is considered to be a “cold” joining method, namely, gluing elements together using special types of fittings.
Cross-linked polyethylene is obtained as a result of special processing of the material using one of the options:
- Peroxide method (PEXa).
- Silane method (PEXb). It should be taken into account that organosilanides belong to the group of toxic substances.
- Radiation method (PEXc).
- Treatment with nitrogen compounds (PEXd).
Cross-linked polyethylene is especially popular in systems where the working medium is water. This includes heating and water supply networks. The joining of pipe elements is carried out using compression fittings. In addition, cross-linked polyethylene is used in the installation of heated floors and in fire protection systems.
Metal-plastic pipe products
A little later, metal-plastic pipes entered the market. The discoverers of their manufacture are the British. Products of this type resemble PEX pipes, only inside they have a thin foil layer. This action helps reduce the degree of expansion of the pipe, while simultaneously acting as a diffusion barrier. One of the varieties of such pipes can be called plastic pipes with a square profile, but some difficulties arise with their production.
A metal-plastic pipe is not simple design, consisting of five layers:
- The first layer is cross-linked polyethylene.
- Then comes the glue that tightly connects the metal and plastic.
- An aluminum pipe is used as the third layer, the material of which is overlap welded.
- The fourth is the glue again.
- The fifth is a layer of cross-linked polyethylene.
One of positive aspects metal-plastic pipes can be called the ability to maintain shape when bending. It does possible use pipe elements of this type for open installation. In turn, the use of cross-linked polyethylene is possible only with a hidden installation.
The UNIPIPE system distinguishes several of the most popular diameters of plastic pipes: 16; 18; 20; 25; 26; 32; 40; 50; 63; 70; 110; 300 millimeters.
You can choose any type of plastic pipe; it will be of great help in arranging a home pipeline and will last for a long time. You just need to make the right choice of this material in accordance with its purpose and carry out the installation, following the rules and recommendations.
Can be used various materials. Today, plastic pipes for water supply are quite popular, the sizes and prices of which can vary over a fairly wide range. It can be difficult to make a choice in favor of a specific product. We invite you to get acquainted with the features of plastic fittings, their cost and recommended area of use.
Read in the article
Regulatory and technical documents
Pipes used for water supply installations must meet certain regulatory requirements. GOST 25151-82 establishes General requirements to the water supply system. Hygienic requirements for drinking water and the procedure for passing control are regulated by GOST 2874-82. Products from polyethylene are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 18599-2001, from PVC - GOST R 51613-2000. There are other regulatory and technical documents that determine the procedure for installing a water supply system and impose certain requirements for the implementation of installation work. The parameters of non-pressure devices are regulated by building regulations.
Main characteristics
When choosing products for water supply installations, you should focus on their characteristics. The parameters of the purchased products depend on the installation location. We invite you to get acquainted with the characteristics that should be taken into account when purchasing materials for plumbing.
Diameters of plastic pipes for water supply and other overall dimensions
In accordance with regulatory requirements for plastic pipes there are 34 standard sizes in the range of 10–1600 mm. The most widespread are non-pressure products with a diameter of 50–110 mm and a length of up to 8 m. The wall thickness is usually 3.2 mm. For pressure structures, the diameter can be 63–315 mm.
To the main overall dimensions plastic products for water pipes include:
- Inner diameter.
- Nominal diameter.
- Wall thickness.
- Length.
When choosing transverse dimensions, the installation location is taken into account. For outdoor system choose products with a diameter of 32–100 mm. For the inside, you can purchase material with a smaller cross-section. For vertical risers, a diameter of 32 mm is sufficient; for horizontal sections, you can purchase plastic pipes for water supply with a diameter of 16 or 25 mm.
Weight
The weight of a linear meter depends on the characteristics of the material used and the linear dimensions of the pipe itself. Average linear meter products with a diameter of 16 mm weigh about 100 g, with a diameter of 25 mm - a little more than 200 g.
Advice! To find out the approximate weight in kg, you should find the volume (in m³) and multiply the resulting value by 950.
Strength
For water pipelines operating under pressure, the strength characteristics of the plastic ones used have a fundamental pressure. The products used must withstand the pressure created inside the plumbing system, as well as the external pressure created by the soil.
Attention! Plastic pipes with high strength characteristics will have a higher price.
Temperature
Maximum working temperature determined by the characteristics of the material from which the water supply is made. If for polyethylene it is only +45°C, then for metal ceramics it reaches +95°C.
Advantages and disadvantages
Plastic water pipes have a number of undeniable advantages:
- long service life;
- low noise level;
- light weight. Plastic pipes are easier to install and easier to transport;
- absence of corrosion processes characteristic of;
- sufficient strength characteristics. Quality products can be used for installing water supply systems operating at sufficiently high temperatures;
- resistance to a number of aggressive substances;
- absence from inner surface sediments;
- low thermal conductivity;
- environmental Safety. Plastic products do not have harmful effects on human health or the environment;
- the ability to form a water supply system of the desired configuration thanks to a wide range of accessories and fittings
The disadvantages include:
- the complexity of installation work due to the need to use special fittings;
- maximum temperature limit that cannot be violated;
- different requirements for the installation of pipes made of different materials.
Areas of application
Plastic pipes have a fairly wide range of applications. They are used not only for installing water supply systems, but also for other systems. We invite you to get acquainted with the main area of use of such products and their distinctive features.
Water pipes
The formed structure has a long service life. For its manufacture, various materials can be used, depending on the purpose and location of the work. For household purposes, mainly polyethylene and polypropylene are purchased. On industrial enterprises Products made from polyvinyl chloride are used for collective use. The features of the listed materials and the recommended area of use will be discussed below.
Sewerage
Pipes made of PP, PVC, PE can be used for the device. Standardized sizes make it possible to use various plastic pipes for sewerage. The sizes and prices of such products are closely interrelated: the larger the transverse dimensions, the higher throughput and cost.
The choice in favor of plastic pipes is made due to:
- resistance to aggressive environments;
- optimal strength characteristics. They are able to maintain their integrity at a meter depth;
- low roughness, reducing the likelihood of blockages and sediment on the inner surface;
- light weight;
- accessibility;
- easy installation.
Plastic pipes for heating
The choice in favor of a plastic contour is made due to:
Before purchasing plastic ones, you should decide on the optimal diameter and type of system. The throughput of the system and the level of heat loss will depend on this. If the throughput is sufficient, it will be possible to abandon the branched system. When installing heating circuit plastic pipes with smaller transverse dimensions are selected: 8–10 mm. Systems with natural circulation will require products with a large cross-section.
Related article:
The advantages and disadvantages of polypropylene, a market overview and criteria for choosing pipes, the basics of designing a heating system - read in our publication.
Types of pipes for water supply
For the manufacture of long products, materials with different characteristics are used. We invite you to get acquainted with existing species water supply pipes and their features to make it easier to choose the material for your water supply.
Polyvinyl chloride PVC pipes for water supply
Products made from polyvinyl chloride are sufficiently durable and can withstand low temperatures. PVC pipes for water have a number of undeniable advantages:
- are not afraid of external negative factors and chemicals;
- allow you to create a water supply system of any configuration due to accessibility large assortment fittings;
- long service life;
- low thermal conductivity.
Thanks to the formation of a hermetic connection, it is possible to use PVC pipes for water supply installed on floating soil.
Polypropylene pipes for water supply
Products made from are resistant to active chemicals. They install quite quickly. Installation work can be done by hand. Eco-friendly. Have long term services.
The high rigidity of the water supply system forces the use of many rotary parts when installing the system. Under influence high temperature are subject to significant deformation. To avoid negative consequences, thermal compensators are provided.
Manufacturers offer three types of products:
- PN 10− for installing a cold water supply system and;
- PN 20− for hot water supply. Universal products that can be heated up to +80°C;
- PN 25 with a maximum operating temperature of +95°C.
To increase strength characteristics and stabilize parameters, PN 25 is reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum foil. The reinforcing layer can be formed internally or externally.
Metal polymers
Metal-plastic products consist of three layers: PE-X polyethylene, a thin layer of aluminum and another layer of PE-X polyethylene. The plastic is connected to the metal layer using a special adhesive composition. The polymer included in the material gives them sufficient flexibility and smoothness. The aluminum layer provides sufficient strength and reduces the amount of thermal expansion when heated. Metal polymers can withstand heating up to +95°C. They are light in weight. They are not afraid of aggressive environments. Water moving through the pipeline creates a minimum of noise.
The disadvantages of metal polymer include:
- flammability;
- low resistance to ultraviolet radiation;
- high probability of product delamination;
- limited selection of sizes;
- low resistance to impact loads.
To connect water supply elements to each other, compression or press fittings are used, which are expensive.
Low pressure polyethylene HDPE
There are two types: for technical and drinking water. Due to their good elasticity, they are sold in coils, which can significantly reduce the number of plastic fittings used. Retains characteristics when cooled to -50°C. Has a long service life.
A comment
Ask a Question“HDPE pipes are not suitable for hot water supply systems, since their operating temperature should not exceed +45°C.”
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX)
Processing polyethylene under high pressure allows you to qualitatively change the structure of the material. The resulting spatial structure gives plastic pipes improved mechanical properties. Products made from cross-linked polyethylene have high strength characteristics and can withstand high temperatures (up to +95°C). They can be used to install hot and cold water supply systems. When installing water pipes use compression fittings.
Which pipes are best suited for plumbing?
Plastic products are gradually being replaced by other materials. When deciding which pipes for water supply are better, you should consider functional features mounted system. Polypropylene products are suitable for hot water supply. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene have similar functions, however, its price for the same size will be much higher. Metal-plastic products have superior performance characteristics, but their price will be even higher.
Mechanic for operation of water supply and wastewater systems LLC "GK "Spetsstroy"
Ask a Question“If there are a lot of turns and bends, you should stop buying small plastic pipes. This will avoid problems with pressure and flow.”
When installing water supply lines outside the house, you should immediately take care of. From quality thermal insulation works the operational characteristics of the water supply system will depend. Thermal insulation materials are selected taking into account the location of the house and the depth of the water supply.
DIY installation of plastic pipes for water supply
When starting to install plastic pipes for water supply with your own hands, you should carefully read the procedure for performing the work. The sequence of actions depends on the type of material used. The connection of polypropylene pipes is carried out as follows:
| Illustration | Description of action |
 | Material is being prepared the right size and special. We heat the equipment to operating temperature. |
 | Heat the parts to be joined for 15 seconds. They should not be turned while they are heating. |
 | We connect the fragments together, ensuring the required spatial position. |
Installation of PVC pipes can be carried out using several technologies:
- by " cold welding» , in which it is necessary to use a special chemical composition;
- through the use of special fittings, if you need to connect together fragments made of different materials;
- in a socket way. This method is relevant when installing sewerage systems.
How to warm up a plastic water pipe in the ground
If the level of insulation is insufficient, the water supply system in winter time may freeze. If this happens, you need to know how to warm up a plastic water pipe in the ground so as not to cause damage to it. You can do this as follows:
- disconnect the plastic pipe from;
- heat a large volume of water;
- We insert a smaller diameter hose inside the pipeline. Its length should be sufficient to reach the ice plug;
- We supply heated water from the container inside the hose. The process can be accelerated by using a pressure pump;
- we move the hose inside the water supply as the ice melts.
Instead of hot pipe You can use the heat generated when electricity passes through a conductor. However, this method requires certain knowledge and careful adherence to safety precautions.
The use of plastic pipes for water supply made it possible to get rid of the bulky steel networks that were previously equipped in almost all residential buildings and public buildings. Durable and easy to install, plastic pipelines quickly gained popularity and became the most popular type of polymer pipe products.
In order not to get confused in the varieties plumbing products made of plastic, it is recommended to take a short excursion into the world of popular polymer communications, find out their features, familiarize yourself with the varieties, sizes and conditions of use.
The starting materials for the production of water supply communications are derivatives of complex polymers: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and metal polymers. All of them are united under one name “plastic pipes for water supply” with various technical properties, characteristics on which the conditions of their use depend.
| Type of polymer | Recommended area of use | Features of application |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | Supply cold water outside and inside the house | 1. A rigid linear configuration is created |
| Polypropylene | Cold water supply and hot water supply with coolant up to | Three-layer with a high coefficient of linear expansion. |
| Polyethylene | Supply of cold water outside and inside the house, burial in the ground | 1.Movable flexible design. 2.Operational efficiency depends on temperature indicators. |
| Metal-plastic | For cold and hot water supply | 1. Preservation of shape after bending the configuration. 2.Ability to withstand high pressure. |
Depending on the physical properties, each polymer has its own recommended area of application, which must be known for proper selection of material
Advantages and disadvantages of plastic pipes for water supply
The enormous popularity of everything for water can be explained by the presence of the following technical advantages and indicators:
- Solid service life. If the water line is installed technically correctly and operating conditions are not violated, the water line can operate effectively for 50 years.
- The internal cavity is not subject to corrosion and is not overgrown with silt and salt build-ups. The absence of obstacles in the way of water flow has a positive effect and the water pressure will remain unchanged.
- Simplicity and ease of installation. Home craftsmen can easily lay pipes for water supply in the country.
- The plastic pipe water supply network can be installed on any terrain. The installation of rotating elements does not require complex additional equipment.
- Polymer products are several times lighter than their metal counterparts. This indicator allows you to significantly reduce the load from plumbing on bearing structures building.
- Pipe communications made of plastic do not lose their effectiveness under conditions of temperature changes. When the material is heated, there are no various swellings or delaminations on the outer surface, and when the water inside freezes, the integrity of the water main is maintained and the pipe does not burst.
- Polymer building materials are easy to transport. Storage does not require special conditions.
- Environmental Safety. Even with prolonged use, plastic is non-toxic and does not emit substances harmful to human health.
Besides technical indicators and characteristics, it is worth noting the economic component of costs. Compared to steel water pipes, the cost of plastic pipes will be much lower. If you do the installation yourself, then the cost of laying a plastic water pipe will be minimal.
Disadvantages of plastic water pipes:
- Restrictions in use for hot water supply associated with high coolant temperature.
- Impossibility of use for fire-fighting water communications.
- For the installation of each type of plastic pipes, different technological processes connections.
Difficulties may arise when disposing of polymer pipes, but this small flaw is compensated by a long service life.
Main characteristics
When choosing pipes for plastic water supply, you should focus on the technical characteristics of the products. There is a direct dependence of the technical properties and features of polymer pipes on the material of their manufacture. For the production of polymer building materials it is used different kinds raw materials having different temperature, weight and strength characteristics
Media temperature
Plastic water supply can be used for both cold and hot water supply. However, not all types of plastic are intended for hot water supply.
In the table below, compiled on the basis of recommendations from manufacturing plants, we can conclude that the scope of use of plastic for hot water is limited by the technical properties of the source material.
Weight
Among the main technical characteristics water pipes intended for water supply, important criterion is their weight. It is known that low weight compared to metal water pipes is one of the main advantages plastic communication. When laying water pipes along walls or under the ceiling, it is important to know how much the pipework will weigh and whether the wall or ceiling structure can withstand this load. If you don’t have a reference book on plastic plumbing materials at hand, you can use the following rules to calculate the weight:
- The weight indicator is directly dependent on the diameter and thickness of its walls. For example, one linear meter of a plastic pipe product with a diameter of 16 mm is equal to 100 g. At the moment there are no strict weight standards and upon purchase the weight of the product can be seen in the attached certificate.
- Calculation formula for independently determining the weight of polymer pipe products: weight in kilograms 1 linear m. plastic pipe =((Dn - T)/40.55)*T, where Dn is the outer diameter, T is the wall thickness, 40.55 is a constant.
There is another way to find out the approximate weight value: determine the volume of the pipe in m3 and multiply by a constant factor of 950.
Strength
Strength indicators are especially relevant for plastic pipes laid in the ground. They are operated under conditions of internal high pressure water flow and external load from a large volume of soil. Manufacturers suggest using products with higher strength ratings for these types of water supply networks, but the price of such building materials will be much higher than that of conventional plastic ones.
Polymer pipes, despite numerous positive characteristics, are sensitive to pinpoint impacts; for example, a careless blow with a hammer, especially at the junction, can destroy the integrity of the structure. Therefore, when laying a pipe, knowing the fragility of plastic products, you should take precautions and carry out the installation carefully and carefully.
Table of pipe diameters for water supply
The throughput of the entire water supply system depends on the choice of pipe size for the water supply system. For each type of polymer pipe products, there are different norms and standards with different wall thicknesses.
| Variety | GOST | Conditions of use | Allowable diameter, mm | Wall thickness, mm |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | R 51613-2000 | Connection to bathtub and sink | From 10 to 315 | From 1.6 to 6 |
| Supply to the toilet | From 15 to 315 | |||
| Connection to washing machine | From 15 to 315 | |||
| Polyethylene (PE) | 18599-2001 | Light pipes | From 20 to 100 | 2,0 – 29,3 |
| Average | 2,0 – 45,3 | |||
| Heavy | 2,0 – 45,5 | |||
| Polypropylene(PP) | 32415-2013 | Internal wiring | 40,50 and 110 | 8,1 |
| External wiring, into the ground | From 150 | From 32.1 to 35.2 | ||
| Metal-plastic | Laying water pipes | 15,20 | 2 |
There is a rule that for laying a water line, the pipe diameter should not be less than 15 mm, and for installing water supply risers, diameters from 32 mm are used.
When choosing pipes of the required size, you should take into account the dependence of the cross-section on the length of the water line:
- When the length of the water system is less than 30 meters, the use of pipes with a diameter of 25 mm is allowed.
- If the length of the line is more than 30 meters, it is recommended to use a cross-section of 32 mm or more.
For short water lines up to 10 meters, plastic products with a diameter of 20 mm will be relevant.
This video will help you understand diameters in millimeters and inches and their conversion:
HDPE low pressure polyethylene pipes
The starting raw materials for the manufacture of low-pressure polyethylene pipes (LDPE) are high-molecular polymers obtained during the polymerization reaction of ethylenes during low-pressure processing. For laying drinking water supply networks, only materials made from virgin polyethylene are used; the water pipe is black with a blue stripe. Polyethylene pipe products without stripes, obtained as a result of processing of secondary raw materials, are used in sewerage. Due to the physical property of polyethylene softening under the influence of high temperatures, HDPE products are not recommended for use as water supply pipes for hot water.
pros polyethylene pipes HDPE for water supply:
- low weight, which has a positive effect on transportation and installation;
- do not corrode;
- simple and quick installation;
- the internal cavity is not overgrown with silt growths;
- is not damaged even when the media freezes. If winter temperature drops below – 20 degrees, the material becomes brittle;
- long service life.
Polyethylene products are mounted by special welding or using. They are sold in the form of 6-meter sections and coils of various lengths.
Marking
To make it easier to select HDPE plastic pipes for the water supply system, special markings of letters and numbers are used, displaying detailed information:
- Plant - manufacturer and compliance with GOST manufacturing standards, for example GOST 18599-2001.
- International brand designation, for example PE100, PE63, PE80.
- The size of the outer diameter, measured in millimeters.
- Wall thickness.
- The value of working and maximum permissible pressure.
- Date and batch of manufacture.
The color of the outer surface serves as a guide to the area of use: a pipe for drinking water is black with a blue stripe, black without stripes is used or cable networks.
Polypropylene pipes for water supply
Polymer pipe products made from polypropylene are distinguished by their versatility. They are used not only as pipes for laying cold water, but are excellent for organizing hot water supply. The range of produced diameters is from 16 to 125 mm. They go on sale in separate pieces 4 meters long. Polypropylene water pipes are marked with the letters PP.
According to their structure, pipe products made of PP polypropylene are divided into single-layer and reinforced multi-layer structures. Single-layer modifications are very flexible and therefore their scope of application is limited to non-pressure water supply systems. Reinforced ones consist of the following words:
- Thick-walled polypropylene pipe.
- Thin aluminum foil.
- Protective polypropylene layer.
Multilayer polypropylene pipes are used to organize cold water supply. This type is not recommended for hot media. This is due to the fact that due to the high coefficient of linear expansion under the influence of a high-temperature coolant, deformation changes are observed in the products and they can sag.
Polypropylene pipe products are produced for water systems with a pressure of 10, 16, 20 atmospheres and various wall thicknesses.
For connection polypropylene pipelines special soldering irons are used that melt the ends and turn the connection into a monolith.
Metal-plastic pipes
Metal-plastic pipes are a three-layer structure consisting of cross-linked polyethylene, thin aluminum foil and a protective layer of polyethylene. The design of the product is quite flexible, retains its shape after bending and therefore, with small turning radii, it can be laid without corner and rotary fittings. Metal-plastic can withstand high coolant temperatures, and works well in conditions of high pressure water flow. If very hot water circulates through the pipes, minor deformation phenomena may occur.
Metal-plastic is marked with the letters PEX-Al-PE, which can be deciphered: cross-linked polyethylene + aluminum + polyethylene. Produced in diameters from 16 to 40 mm. It is important to know that the brand reflects the internal and external diameter, for example 12 - 15 or 20 - 25.
Metal-plastic products are used to supply cold and hot water up to +95 degrees.
Cross-linked polyethylene PEX
Polymer pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are a high-tech product produced after processing polyethylene with high pressure. As a result of this treatment, macromolecules are “cross-linked” with each other, and a durable polymer with the properties of plastic is formed. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are designated by the letters PEX. Installation is carried out using special connecting fittings. This type The material is ideal for supplying hot media. Produced in diameters from 12 to 315 mm. The surface is marked with information about the manufacturer, permissible temperature, operating pressure, diameter and wall thickness, and date of manufacture.
Polyvinyl chloride pipes (PVC) for water supply
Pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are intended for cold water installations. It is not recommended to use PVC communications to supply hot water. This is due to the physical property of the PVC polymer to melt at temperatures from 50 to 80 degrees. For hot water, a modification of CPVC is used, which stands for “chlorinated PVC.”
Manufacturers produce PVC pipe products with diameters of 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 40, 50, 73, 75, 90 and 110 mm, with wall thicknesses from 2 to 18.3 mm. To install a water main, special fittings are required.
Which plastic pipes are suitable for hot water
If you rank plastic pipes for hot water in terms of popularity,
then you get the following line of leaders:
- metal-plastic;
- polypropylene;
- cross-linked polyethylene.
Each of these varieties has its own pros and cons, which should be carefully studied when familiarizing yourself with the technical characteristics.
Plastic pipes for water supply, sizes and prices
You can see the estimated cost of plastic water pipes in the table below:
In conclusion of the review of plastic pipes for water supply, I would like to say that the efficiency and reliability of the water supply system depends not only on the selected type of pipe, diameter and cost. The most important thing is professional installation and the use of quality materials.
Plastic pipes for water supply are needed to organize a common branch in panel or private houses and cottages. Often the question arises of choosing a material - plastic or metal. Be sure to pay attention to the types and types of fastenings.
Plastic water pipes.
What types of water supply pipes are there?
There are several main types of plastic pipes for water supply:
- PVC pipes;
- HDPE products;
- LDPE (cross-linked polyethylene) – high pressure is used during production;
- metal-plastic products.
To select a suitable material, characteristics, operational features, price and reliability are taken into account.
Positive and negative characteristics of each type
Advantages for arranging a water supply system:
- If the material is compared with metal, then plastic is not subject to negative impact rust and corrosion.
- During assembly, polypropylene, cross-linked plastic, is used. Several years ago, metal-plastic began to be actively used. HDPE material is not suitable for these purposes.
- A wide range of. You can find plastic pipes in the market and in stores. different sizes, diameter.
- Resistance to frost and sudden temperature changes. Cross-linked polyethylene, HDPE and PVC pipes can withstand temperatures as low as -10°C. They are not deformed or damaged even if filled with water, because they have high level plasticity. Metal-plastic products are not resistant to frost, therefore, with slight freezing on the surface, they appear. deep cracks, which lead to depressurization.
- Low weight. Can be transported by car.
- Availability. Products are sold in any construction and hardware stores.
- Antistatic. They don't spend electricity, therefore they are the safest for residential buildings.
Plastic pipes have a long service life. If you do not expose them to mechanical damage and use them correctly, then plastic products will last about 45 years.
The material is resistant to hydraulic shock. If the joints are depressurized, they can be repaired and replaced.
PVC pipes for water supply.
The main abbreviation is PVC and UPVC. Polyvinyl chloride is used for production. If the abbreviation contains the letter “N”, then it indicates a lack of plasticity.
The same material is used for production, but when the manufacturer adds a plasticizer, the pipe becomes more plastic.
Advantages:
- affordable price;
- easy installation and connection;
- pressure level 6-16 bar.
Disadvantages include intolerance to exposure to ultraviolet rays. In this case, the material is destroyed, so it becomes brittle. The connection points are unstable.
Briefly about the marking of PVC pipes
Each product has its own marking. It is intended to separate the areas of operation and application.
Marked area of use:
- PPH – for connection to cold water supply;
- PPB – installation with increased pressure with regular hydraulic shocks;
- PPR – DHW connection;
- PPs – for the assembly of hot water supply systems, where the coolant temperature does not exceed +95°C.
For water supply, you can use pipes of 2 and 4 m. Pipes marked PN10 and PN16 are intended for cold water supply. For hot coolant you need to buy products with the designation PN20, PN25.
Metal-plastic
Metal-plastic pipes for water supply.
Metal-plastic has complex structure and consists of 5 layers. This is polyethylene on the outside and inside, connecting 2 joints with adhesive, aluminum.
Metal-plastic is of high quality, so it is used for arranging heated floors and other closed-type works.
The pipe must be laid without installing joints.
Joint connection options:
- fitting;
- compression connection.
When exposed to high temperatures, the aluminum layer does not change its integrity and does not expand.
Abbreviation
When purchasing, you need to pay attention to the labeling from the manufacturers.
Below are the notations:
- maximum permissible pressure(for example 10 bar);
- upper limit of permissible coolant temperature: +95°C;
- pipe diameter: 16 mm.
If the marking contains the designation “X”, then all seams are of the highest quality and reliable.
Among polyethylene products, the most popular are pipes made of low-density polyethylene (HDPE).
HDPE polyethylene is used for connection and installation of industrial sewerage, water well casing, and water supply for industrial purposes.
The material is highly durable. Products withstand different conditions, therefore they are used for laying non-separable garden water supply systems.
There are colored stripes on the outside.
Depending on the shade, they can be used for the following purposes and tasks:
- blue – for water supply;
- yellow – gas industry;
- absence of color stripes - for technical purposes.
This is an important parameter that allows you to avoid mistakes when laying and arranging the water supply system.
Marking
If there is an abbreviation SDR, then it shows the internal pressure indicator. Low numbers indicate the density of the material.
The PE 80 or PE 100 marking demonstrates performance qualities. The material is used for water supply and waste disposal. The diameter should not exceed 90 mm.
The following joints are used to connect the pipeline:
- Detachable. They are used for installation and laying of private water pipelines.
- One-piece. Welding is used for connection.
When connecting and connecting, all requirements must be taken into account to prevent deformation and depressurization.
Cross-linked polyethylene
Polyethylene material is used for hot water supply. The connection can be either fitting or compression.
Advantages:
- flexible structures;
- the bay allows installation without joints;
- the structure does not deform or collapse when in contact with solvents, chemicals, gasoline;
- maximum permissible temperature working fluid and coolant – up to +75°C.
If all requirements are met, the material will last about 40-50 years. Disadvantages include destruction of the structure when exposed to ultraviolet rays. The main difference is the small diameter. The material cannot maintain an even shape, so the products are practically not used for open laying. They are presented in the middle price category.
Pipes for water supply are chosen with high characteristics.
For water supply, you need to choose pipes that are high performance characteristics. They will last a long time.
The installation method is also taken into account - closed or open type. Many manufacturers indicate all parameters, connection options and materials.
The most important factor when choosing is the nozzles. They affect the quality of soldering of plastic pipes. To work, you need to use an expensive tool that improves the quality of the joints. The device must have a Teflon coating that does not burn. Running nozzle for pipe joints – 20 mm.
The result is a high-quality connection that will not deform during hydraulic shocks. For cold and hot water, it is recommended to choose polypropylene pipes. Inside there is reinforced foil or fiberglass. If they need to be hidden in the walls, then additional insulation is purchased.
Plastic pipes for water supply: sizes and prices
Many manufacturers are engaged in the production of plastic pipes. Comparative characteristics:
When choosing plastic pipes Special attention need to be paid to installation and connection. These factors influence the duration of operation and use of the pipeline. To connect polypropylene products, fittings, rotameter, insulation, and shut-off valves are used.
Components and consumables must be of high quality, because they can become deformed and become unusable under high water pressure.
Water flow control and measurements are taken on the inner surface of the pipeline. Shut-off valves used to improve clutch reliability and control the flow of cold or hot working fluid. Insulation is needed to protect against mechanical damage and external factors.
When two plastic pipes are welded, a seam is formed. It must be durable and exceed the diameter of the product. Welding can be used to connect pipes where the pressure will not exceed 20 atmospheres.
