A comfortable microclimate is one of the very important components in the life of every person. Well-being and performance directly depend on it. But it is not always possible to achieve it using conventional microclimatic devices.
Ventilation with heating will become great solution to create a comfortable and cozy atmosphere in room. Adjusting the microclimate device allows you to adjust the temperature and amount of fresh air flow at which you will feel comfortable.
Due to the variety of modes and ease of use, supply ventilation with heating is relevant in public places, industries and residential premises.
What is forced air ventilation with air heating?
Ventilation with an influx of air masses differs from standard air conditioning systems. The principle of its operation is to draw air from the outside. Thus, in addition to cooling and heating, such ventilation enriches the room with oxygen, while conventional air conditioning systems simply circulate the air in the room.
The supply air is heated in the ventilation unit. Ventilation unit supply ventilation with heating has high heat transfer. Therefore, even during severe frosts, ventilation continuously supplies masses of fresh hot air.
Ventilation with heating is carried out through air exchange. Circulation and heating of the influx of air masses is carried out in supply and exhaust units with a recuperator. Air drawn from outside is heated in the recuperator due to the temperature of the exhaust air masses. The recuperator prevents the mixing of “exhaust” and supply fresh air.
Another way to heat the supply ventilation is through recirculation. At this method During heating, fresh air masses are mixed with “spent” ones. The influx of air from the street is heated to the desired temperature and supplied to the room.
Design features of the device
Main elements of supply ventilation
- Air intake grille. Acts as an aesthetic design and a barrier that protects debris particles in the supply air masses.
- Supply ventilation valve. Its purpose is to block the passage of cold air from outside into winter period and hot - in the summer. You can make it work automatically using an electric drive.
- Filters. Their purpose is to clean incoming air. I require replacement every 6 months.
- Water heater, electric heating elements - designed to heat incoming air masses.
- For rooms with a small area it is recommended to use ventilation systems, with electric heating elements, for large spaces - a water heater.
Additional items
- Fans.
- Diffusers (contribute to the distribution of air flow masses).
- Noise muffler.
- Recuperator.
The design of ventilation directly depends on the type and method of installation of the system. They come in passive and active action.
Passive ventilation systems.
This device is a supply ventilation valve. The scooping of street air masses occurs due to a pressure difference. In cold weather, the temperature difference contributes to the discharge; in warm periods, the exhaust fan assists. Regulation of such ventilation can be automatic or manual.
Automated regulation directly depends on:
- the flow rate of air masses passing through the ventilation;
- air humidity in the room.
The disadvantage of the system is that in winter, such ventilation for heating the house is not effective, since a large temperature difference is created.
On the wall
Refers to the passive type of supply ventilation. This installation has a compact box that is mounted on the wall. To control heating it is equipped with an LCD display and a control panel. The operating principle is to recuperate internal and external air masses. To heat the room, this device is placed near the heating radiator.
Active ventilation systems
Since in such systems it is possible to regulate the intensity of the fresh air supply, such ventilation systems are more in demand for heating and warming up the room.
According to the heating principle, such a supply heater can be water or electric.
Water heater
Powered by a heating system. The principle of operation of this ventilation system is to circulate air through a system of channels and tubes, inside which hot water or a special liquid. In this case, heating occurs in a heat exchanger built into the centralized heating system.
Electric heater.
The principle of operation of the system is to transform electrical energy into a thermal one using an electric heating element.
Breezer
This is a compact device, small in size for supply ventilation, with heating. To supply fresh air, this device is attached to the wall of the room.
Breezer Tion o2
Breather design tion o2:
- A duct consisting of an air intake and an air duct. This is a sealed and insulated tube through which the device draws air from the outside.
- Air delay valve. This element represents air gap. It is designed to prevent the outflow of warm air while the device is turned off.
- Filtration system. It consists of three filters that are installed in a certain sequence. The first two filters clean the air flow from visible contaminants. Third filter – deep cleaning– from bacteria and allergens. It cleanses incoming air from various odors and exhaust gases.
- Fan for air supply from outside.
- Ceramic heater, which is equipped with climate control. Responsible for heating the inflow air flow and automatic temperature regulation.
Operating principle of compact ventilation.
- Masses of street air pass through the air intake, which is equipped with a plastic grille closed type. Thus, air masses are filtered from debris and insects.
- The air then passes through the duct into the body of the device. To protect the walls from freezing, it is made of sound-heat insulating plastic pipe. In this case, all joints are sealed.
- Then, coarse and medium dust are filtered using special filters built into the device.
- After which the air mass passes into the heater and warms up to the temperature set by the climate control. On such a device you can set the desired temperature (up to +25°C) and the system will maintain it automatically.
- After heating, the air undergoes two-stage filtration to remove fine dust, odors, gases and allergens, enters the fan and is discharged into the room.
This supply ventilation can be controlled remotely using a remote control.
The bottom device is installed within one hour.
Supply ventilation device with air heating
There are two types of units for supply ventilation:
- Monoblock - they are made up of one block, which is installed at the inlet of the air duct. This block contains all the necessary devices, without exception, that ensure high-quality and reliable service of the ventilation structure. This type of device is often generally installed in the wall or in window frames. This method is considered the simplest and least expensive. But in practice it is quite ineffective, since the placement of its intake fans does not make it possible to cover many areas of the building.
- Installation - these supply ventilation systems are powerful enough to cover high-rise buildings, large industrial premises, and apartment buildings.
Supply ventilation schemes
The simplest type of installation:
- Air filter,
- blower fan,
- A heating element.
How to heat supply air using a recuperator?
Recuperators are divided into 2 types:
- Rotary- work using electricity. They have a cylindrical body in which a rotor element is mounted. It constantly rotates between the “incoming” and “exhaust” air valves. Quite a large item. Efficiency – up to 87%.
- Lamellar. Such recuperators consist of united plates. Supply and exhaust air move towards each other, different valves. This helps prevent recirculation. Such recuperators are usually small in size.
Duct heaters.
A duct heater (or heater) is a device that heats the air in a room. It consists of pipes within which water, steam or hot air circulates.
According to the principle of thermal output, duct heaters are divided into: electric and water. Water heaters must be connected to central systems heating.
How to use a fan heater
The main purpose of a fan heater is to heat air masses. For more intense circulation of flows, the fan forces air into the air. This makes this device universal.
Options for operating the fan heater:
- This device can be used as the main source of heat supply to a room that does not have central heating.
- The fan heater can complement the main heating system.
- For heating construction sites and workers for them.
- For quickly heating air in a small room.
- The fan heater can be used as a regular fan: in winter for heating, in summer for cooling the air.
- For ventilation and heating of enclosed spaces.
How to calculate power
When choosing supply ventilation with heating, you need to correctly calculate its power. To do this, you should be guided by the following parameters:
- Type of premises and its area - apartment or house (one floor or several, availability ground floor, non-residential premises), office, factory, gym, etc.
In industrial facilities with large areas and in rooms with special operating conditions, a special exhaust unit with heated air is used.
- Ventilated room layout.
For household objects, the location of the rooms is important, whether they are walk-through or isolated. The number and location of ventilation devices will depend on such indicators.
- The purpose of the room space and the number of people constantly staying there.
When designing a supply ventilation system with heating, you need to take into account the type of room, its purpose and the likely number of people who will constantly stay in it. In accordance with European standards, air exchange should be 12-20 m3 per person per hour.
- Availability of additional equipment ( industrial facilities, offices), operational features. If there is a lot of equipment in the room such as: computers, typewriters, welders, ovens, etc. When choosing the installation of a supply and exhaust system, this must be taken into account. The features of the operation of the premises are also important. Since the installation, which is intended for use in private homes, is in no way suitable for bath complexes, with sauna and swimming pool.
Significant differences in the supply air exhaust units also for different climatic zones.
Air heating(VO) is a common practice in private households. Such systems allow you to heat a room autonomously, cool it if necessary, control the microclimate and provide high efficiency indicators. To decide whether you should decide to install such a system or opt for steam heating, let’s look at the principle of operation, types, scope, positive and negative aspects of operation, features of design and installation.
Principle of operation
The simplest example of an air heating system for a private house is an ordinary Russian wood-burning stove. To cook dinner and heat the room, you have to stock up on firewood and light the stove. The air around the stove gradually heats up and spreads throughout the room, thereby warming up the entire home.
Natural gravitational circulation is based on simple laws of physics: warm air is lighter, so it tends to rise, cold air sinks.
The principle of operation of an air heating system is quite simple: a fan blows cold air, it is heated by a burner and then distributed throughout the house.
However, this heating principle implies natural air circulation. Modern systems work with forced submission hot air. The flow is supplied using pumps and fan elements. Ducts carry warm air to all rooms of the house and heat them. As it cools, the cold air drops to the floor where it enters the duct opening and the cycle begins again.
Circulation methods
Air circulation can be carried out in several ways:
- with the inclusion of fresh air in the cycle (recommended);
- without external air supply (closed cycle);
- direct flow circulation - in this case, cold air is removed outside, and a new portion is also received from the street.
Where is VO used?
Diagram of air movement in an air heating system frame house, where the duct is installed in hollow walls.
Air heating is recommended to be installed in frame-type private houses. Since the design of such a house provides for the presence of voids between the outer cladding and the inner covering, the air duct system can be installed in the hollow spaces of the wall without affecting the decoration of the house.
Another installation option air system- inclusion of it in the project of future construction. So, when erecting walls, technical niches are left between them for further installation of the system. If you plan to install air heating in a finished building without such preparations, you will have to launch large-scale construction and rebuild the walls.
Design and types of air heating in private homes
Most often, an air heating system for a private home has the following components:
- heat generator - usually its role is played by a water heater, which is responsible for heating the air;
- air ducts to ensure the supply of warm air to the room;
- fan to set the direction of air flow indoors.
VO systems are formed according to gravitational or forced schemes.
Gravity diagrams
The natural or gravitational scheme implies that warm air circulates due to its density changing as its temperature changes. The main advantage of this type is that the system operates almost autonomously from the electrical network. However, due to disadvantages, the range of use of this approach is limited.
Work can be disrupted by a draft or an influx of cool air from the street, which will result in excessive heating of the air near the ceiling and strong cooling of the main part of the room.
Forced schemes
The main difference between a forced system is the presence of a fan that regulates the direction of air flow. The heat generator heats the air, the fan creates pressure and directs the mass through the pipes. Such ventilation systems are installed under a heater, into which air purified from dust and foreign odors is supplied. After the heat exchanger, the air is directed into the air ducts, and its return is provided by return air ducts or ventilation grilles.
Advantages and disadvantages of air heating
To make a choice, consider the features of using such systems in private homes:
Heating a private house, in the role heating element the fireplace protrudes.
- Estimated service life is 30 years. Usually, after a couple of years, the costs of VO are fully repaid to the owners.
- No leaks or risk of pipe freezing, high efficiency, no intermediate transmission elements and low energy consumption.
- Fans can “cooperate” with a conventional stove and supply warm air to all rooms. A well-known example is fireplace air heating of a private house.
- Filters and ionizers can purify the air of odors and eliminate harmful particles.
- The system creates an optimal microclimate, producing additional air humidification or drying, depending on the characteristics of the climate and the room.
- IN summer time You can cool the room using air ducts with additional draft that supply cool air.
- If you are not at home, the system operates at a minimum and quickly increases the temperature when necessary.
- The main disadvantage is the need for power supply to the forced circulation system and the need for backup power if power outages are expected.
- Support for installing the system is laid only during the construction of the building or carried out complex repairs followed by installation.
- VO is quite demanding in terms of repair and maintenance; with regular use, it is difficult to carry out a full modernization.
How to draw up a heating project
If you decide to install a VO system, it’s worth understanding and developing a detailed project. Key points to consider when planning:
- heating speed (warm air supply) and room area;
- heat generator power, which is calculated based on the characteristics of the house and possible heat losses (condition of doors, windows, walls);
- dimensions of air ducts and the subsequent value of air pressure losses.
Please note for optimal performance systems, all calculations are performed by competent specialists. Due to miscalculations and attempts to independently “figure out” the operation of the system, intense heat loss, strong noise and vibration during operation are possible.
The principle of installation of air heating
Air heating of a private house is installed in voids in the walls and floor, and this improves appearance home, relieving it of various pipes and radiators.
The elements of the system are installed mainly in free cavities in walls and floors, which significantly improves the room. However, their installation must be planned before the construction stage of the house or significant redevelopment must be carried out. To heat the room, special grilles are installed on the walls to supply warm air and take in cold air. If the project provides for functional additions, then the VO can fit into the air conditioning system and be combined with ventilation. The equipment itself can operate from different sources supplies: gas, coal, electricity. For the rest of the installation, VO determines an individual work plan.
One of the features of the system is that it is almost impossible to build air heating for a private house with your own hands, unless, of course, you have a sufficient technical base.
An efficient heating system is a vital component of any home. Many homeowners are familiar with a traditional water system, but not everyone is familiar with the alternative method heating with air. We will talk about all the nuances of organizing an air heating system and its advantages in the article.
Principle of operation
The basis of the air heating system is the continuous supply and distribution of warm air throughout the rooms, and the heat generator plays the role of a key element. It is he who is responsible for heating the air mass to 45-65 ° C, which then enters the rooms through air ducts.
The most popular heat generators today are those powered by gas or electricity. In modern energy-efficient houses, together with air heating, geothermal heat generators , solar collectors and other clean energy sources. Air circulation can be organized in the following ways:
- natural when air moves due to a temperature gradient;
- forced, as a result of the operation of fans.
It is important to understand that heating the room with air involves difficult process heat regulation, because direct heating of the air is also supplemented by ventilation of the premises.
1. Air preparation unit. 2. External air ducts. 3. Internal duct supply 4. Internal exhaust air duct. 5. Air distribution grille or diffuser
Advantages of heating houses with air
Among the advantages are the following:
- Reliable operation and zero chance of freezing.
- Economic benefit. Heating is harmoniously combined with air conditioning, humidification or air purification with a single network of air ducts, which will allow its owner to save a lot on installation and materials.
- Warming rooms with air eliminates additional heat consumption for heating radiators and other structural elements, which cannot be said about water heating.
- Possibility of system automation.
- Minimum time to warm up the room to the desired temperature. Taking into account parameters working system and the dimensions of the room, the warm-up time reaches 40-60 minutes.
- Absence intermediate coolant(water).
- There is no need to install heating radiators, air channels easy to hide in walls and ceilings.
- Simplicity and accessibility of installation, ease of maintenance.
- Proper organization The system and its operation allow the use of air heating for a long time.
Despite its efficiency and rationality, the system is not without a number of disadvantages, for example, noise is a frequent guest in a heated house. For uniform heating, active air circulation in the room is required. Required exact calculation and adjusted distribution of air ducts to eliminate temperature differences near the floor and under the ceiling, and at the same time not create strong drafts and air currents.
For covert installation of channels supply and exhaust ventilation flat channels of rectangular cross-section are used
Full air conditioning involves humidity control and filtration, which adds complexity to the heating system design. For uniform distribution, an extensive and balanced network of air ducts is required, which can only be laid during the construction of a house or major renovation.
Air heating is quite reasonably combined with a ventilation system. The requirements for the operation and performance of these systems can be found in the Code of Rules SP 60.13330.2012 and SNiP 41-01-2003. At independent design and the assembly of air heating should not forget about different requirements for ventilation of living spaces, kitchens, bathrooms and utility rooms.
Types of air heating systems
According to the principle of operation, air heating can be direct-flow or recirculating. Each of these methods has its own specific features and recommendations for design and operation.
Direct flow
The operating scheme is quite simple:
- The heat generator produces heat, which enters the air heat exchanger.
- The fan draws pre-filtered air from the street and passes it through the heat exchanger.
- Hot air is distributed through air ducts throughout the rooms.
- The hood removes exhaust air from the room directly to the street.
The volume of supply and exhaust air is selected to ensure the required air exchange rate and depends on the internal volume of all heated rooms. There should be a little more air in the air supply to create increased pressure in the house to prevent cold air from escaping from cracks, windows and doors.
This system is extremely simple to implement, but very expensive to operate. The heat generator needs to heat cold air from the street in direct-flow mode to a comfortable temperature, while the hood actively discharges still warm air after the first passage through the premises. Perfect for heating a small country house or cottage.
1. Air duct. 2. Filter. 3. Duct fan. 4. Electric instantaneous air heater
Recirculation
Air from the room is not discharged to the street. Through the ventilation ducts it returns to the heat exchanger and is heated again. The air in the room passes repeatedly through the heating system, and heating it requires a minimum of energy, which is necessary only to replenish natural heat losses. This heating method is characterized by efficiency, but in itself in simple form it does not meet hygiene requirements, because dust and carbon dioxide constantly accumulate in a closed system.
Air heating system with recycling effectively reuses indoor air without wasting heat outside, while still allowing fresh air from outside.
There are two design options:
- With natural circulation (gravity system).
- With forced supply and exhaust ventilation.
In the first case, hot air flows from the heat generator through ventilation ducts into the premises, where it cools down and, under the influence of gravity, falls back down to the heat exchanger. Simple implementation and a minimum of initial investments are combined with energy independence, but are ineffective for maintaining a comfortable microclimate. A building experiences a significant difference in air temperature near the floor and under the ceiling.
Scheme of a gravity-air heating system. 1. Heat generator. 2. Air ducts. 3 Ventilation grilles on the supply line with adjustable louvers. 4. Ventilation grilles or hood diffusers
Combined with complete supply and exhaust system Ventilation heating with recovery provides maximum effect and complete control of the microclimate in the house.
From the room, the air enters the recirculation, where it passes through coarse and fine filters. Some of it is discharged onto the street, and a portion of fresh air takes its place, mixing with recovery. This is followed by heating and, if necessary, humidification or dehumidification. Conditioned air is re-entered into the premises.
Air heating with recirculation is the most efficient and thoughtful. Energy is spent only to replenish the heat loss of the house through the building envelope and during air renewal in an optimal volume sufficient to create a comfortable microclimate.
Air preparation and recovery unit. 1. Dampers with servo drive control. 2. Inlet air filter. 3. Recuperator.4. Pocket duct fine filter. 5. Duct fans. 6. Heat exchanger for heating. 7. Heat exchanger for cooling. 8. Thermal sensor. 9. Humidity sensor
Supply and exhaust ventilation with recovery and preliminary preparation air can act not only as air heating. The heat exchanger, which is part of the preparation complex, can be used for both heating and cooling. So one set of equipment, a set of air ducts, controls and settings will provide year-round control of the microclimate in the house.
The main advantage of air heating with recovery and forced circulation air is the most complete automation of the process. Fresh air intake can be controlled by a sensor carbon dioxide or to ensure the required air exchange rate, valves and dampers with servo drives are used. One controller controls the fans, the humidification and dehumidification unit, and the operation of the heat generator. The user can set the heating or cooling mode, system activity according to a schedule or even in a fully automatic mode, based on the readings of temperature humidity and air composition sensors.
Fresh air inlet with duct fan and a damper controlled by a servo drive
Specifics of self-installation
Today there are many companies that are ready to develop and install air heating on site. However, you can build it yourself. The entire process begins with the selection of key equipment - the heat source, heat exchangers and a set of duct components. A gas heat generator can successfully serve as a source. To decide on the choice of a specific device, it is necessary to take into account the upcoming consumption of fuel resources, as well as the area of the house or premises.
A gas boiler is effectively used as a heat generator, but a solid fuel boiler of the “Buleryan” type, harmoniously integrated into the interior of the house, will look much more impressive and practical.
It must be said that it is impossible to do without a diagram and detailed calculations. The slightest mistake can lead to damage to the heater, drafts and noise from operating units. It is important to select the cross-section of the air ducts so that the air is distributed evenly and without distortions between individual branches and channels. The volume and frequency of air exchange, the ratio of recirculation with inflow and exhaust are calculated.
The following can be used as air ducts:
- channels square or round section made of galvanized steel;
- flexible corrugated air ducts;
- PVC pipes.
To minimize heat loss, the air ducts are equipped with thermal insulation, which simultaneously reduces the noise level both from the operation of heating system components and the distribution of sound between rooms.
1. Galvanized steel air duct of round section. 2. Flexible corrugated air duct with insulation 3. Rectangular air duct. 4. Rigid air duct with insulation. 5. Flexible duct
Set of air ducts and connectors made of polyvinyl chloride
Air ducts with grilles for air distribution or full-fledged indoor units are installed in each room, with which you can set an individual heating mode. It is optimal if all work on the design and installation of the system is carried out at the stage of construction of the house. In this case, the air ducts can be placed in special niches in the walls. But if the house has already been built, then false walls will have to be built for the air ducts, dropped ceilings or other structures that hide elements.
Price
The final cost of the finished system is individual for each home, because the calculations must take into account the area of the heated room, the model and power of the heating equipment, the total length of the air ducts, their number and throughput, costs of paying for installation and commissioning of equipment, if this is handled by a third-party organization.
Companies providing air heating services take into account the following cost items when calculating costs:
- Design cost.
- Costs for the purchase of equipment, components and additional devices.
- Cost of professional installation and configuration.
The average price for turnkey installation of air heating in a house with an area of up to 100 m² is 3500-4500 rubles per 1 m².
Ecology of consumption. Science and technology: How to organize air heating of a cottage or warehouse? What equipment is needed for this? What can serve as a source of thermal energy and how to distribute heat from it?
How to organize air heating of a cottage or warehouse? What equipment is needed for this? What can serve as a source of thermal energy and how to distribute heat from it? Let's try to figure it out.
Quite an unusual type of boiler room, right?
WHAT IT IS
Strictly speaking, this category includes all heating methods without the mediation of a coolant. This includes heat guns, and air conditioners in heating mode, and conventional fan heaters. In established terminology, however, air heating equipment is a rather limited list of devices designed to heat air and supply it to air ducts.
The heat source can be either electricity or the combustion of gas, diesel fuel or waste oil. We will not limit ourselves in our choice to any limits and will try to consider the most practical schemes for implementing air heating, regardless of how the corresponding devices are positioned on the market.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
It’s worth making a small lyrical digression. The disadvantages and advantages will still have to be discussed in relation to the classical scheme: the heat source is located in the same room; in all others, warm air is distributed through air ducts. However: in practice, for large rooms without partitions (for a garage, greenhouses or workshop), either several heat sources are used, or one with air flows directed using dampers. Distributing warm air with sleeves is simply not required.
ADVANTAGES
- Low inertia. After starting the air heaters, the room will warm up in a matter of minutes. For comparison: with convection heating of a house with the mediation of a coolant, it can take up to two hours for the water in the radiators to reach an acceptable temperature.
- Relatively cheap. Air heating boilers do not differ in cost from those intended for water heating. heating systems; but the wiring is noticeably cheaper. Aluminum sleeve and ventilation grille are not comparable in cost to a radiator, pipe and fittings for it.
- Low temperature resistance. Air heating production premises You can safely stop it overnight and not be afraid of defrosting pipes and radiators.
- Easy hidden installation. Water heating implies that at least the radiators or convectors themselves remain visible. Yes, there are also in-floor heating convectors; but try to drown them in concrete floor in a city apartment. But raising the floor by the required few centimeters is not always possible with the height of the ceilings, and the amount of work involved will be quite considerable.
- Combined with ventilation. Moreover, air source heat pumps for heating can also provide air conditioning if necessary.
The diagram shows the direction of air flow during operation climate complex for heating.
- Easy to start. Air heating does not require lengthy balancing of radiators, bleeding air from the expansion tank and radiators, adjusting the operating pressure in the heating system and other tedious procedures. To be fair: balancing is performed only at the first start, and the problem of bleeding air will be solved automatically air valve heating. It will independently allow the air to escape and block the path of the coolant.
FLAWS
In essence, there is only one serious problem. If exhaust ventilation In a room it is easy to place it under the ceiling, where it will not disturb anyone, then the installation of air heating is carried out so that the flow of warm air is as close to the floor as possible. In this case, it is possible to ensure effective heat distribution by convection at a low air flow rate.
Yes, you can pump air from under the ceiling with a powerful flow, and it will also effectively warm the room; but would you like a constant draft in your bedroom or living room? And since the air flow is located below, it means that the air ducts will either have to be hidden behind decorative coating walls, reducing the useful volume of the room, or laid under the finished floor, between the logs. Useful: a relatively small decorative box made of plasterboard can be a solution. When distributing warm air to the ceiling, you will have to ensure a sufficiently high flow rate.
HOWEVER
Heating with an air conditioner or heat pump allows you to bypass all the problems associated with distributing warm air. An air heating project may include several independent devices, or a so-called multi-split system - one external unit and several internal ones. The mains are much thinner than air ducts, and they can be easily located under the ceiling.
HEAT SOURCES
What heat sources can heat generators use for air heating?
SOLID FUEL BOILERS
Perhaps the most popular stove for air heating is Buleryan. The manufacturer's name has long become a household name for all pyrolysis furnaces with heat exchanger pipes that provide natural circulation of heated air. The stove is located anywhere in the house. A boiler room is not necessary for it: in the living room it will not spoil the design of the room with its appearance and will not pollute the air with combustion products. In principle, buleryan is able to warm up a house with a rather complex configuration of rooms and due to natural circulation; however, if necessary, hot air from it is distributed by aluminum air ducts with natural or forced circulation through several rooms or floors. It is not at all difficult to install an air heating system with buleryan with your own hands.
The instructions are simple:
- We install the stove in any place where it will not interfere and there is an opportunity to store a daily supply of firewood nearby.
- We fasten the aluminum air ducts from above to the pipes encircling the firebox with heat-resistant aluminum tape.
- At the bottom we attach short sections of the same air ducts with duct fans fixed in them.
- We distribute the hoses from the stove to the rooms that are planned to be heated.
Here the wiring is made more expensive, but also has better thermal insulation properties sandwich pipe. A very interesting alternative is air-heated fireplaces. An ordinary fireplace uselessly releases most of the heat with combustion products; here, the thermal energy produced during fuel combustion is used to heat the air in a cast iron or steel casing. Then everything is familiar to us: the air is distributed through the air duct system to the rooms.
GAS BOILERS AND CLIMATE COMPLEXES BASED ON THEM
They are used and how separate device, providing the house with heat, and as part of the climate complex. In the first case, the operation scheme is quite simple: the boiler, burning gas, heats the heat exchanger through which air is forced. Then it is distributed to the premises. Solutions of the second type include, along with the boiler, additional equipment:
- Heat recovery system;
- Air conditioning system (usually a ducted air conditioner serves as this);
- Humidifier;
- Ultraviolet cleaner, which disinfects the air circulating around the house;
- Filter for collecting dust.
The project will, of course, not be cheap. Domestic climate system Antares Comfort, for example, boasts a cost of approximately 3,000 rubles per square meter serviced area, which for a cottage with an area of 150 square meters will result in a very impressive 10-odd thousand euros. For comparison: heating equipment from the famous American manufacturer Goodman costs 1300 - 1500 rubles per square meter. This is also the cost of a turnkey complex, but it only provides heating. Of course, the manufacturer is ready to offer comprehensive solutions for more high price. Curious: Gas boilers for air heating Goodman GMS, GDS and GMP have very low temperature combustion products at the outlet are only about 40C, which makes it possible to use plastic ventilation pipes as a chimney.
ELECTRIC AIR HEATING SYSTEMS
The simplest and most inexpensive electric air heating system is a conventional fan heater. Consuming a power of about 2 kilowatts, it quickly heats the air, driving it through a hot spiral. Alas, in addition to low energy efficiency, such a scheme worsens the composition of the air in the room, burning oxygen. Various heat guns and electric convectors with blowing of a low-temperature heat exchanger are already more interesting. They, when combined with heat recovery systems, can already create a completely comfortable climate in the house. Energy costs will be slightly less than when using an electric boiler. However, direct heating systems are still too expensive. Fortunately, thermal air pumps for heating, the simplest of which is a conventional window air conditioner. They spend heat not on heating the air, but on pumping heat from a colder street. As an option, pumps can remove heat from water or soil. The source of low-grade heat can be any. The operating principle of the pump is common to all implementations.
let's consider circuit diagrams operation of air source heat pumps. More precisely, the heat sources in them.
GROUND-AIR
The temperature of the soil below the freezing level is constant all year round and increases with increasing depth. It is enough to immerse several deep probes or a horizontal collector into the ground - and you can extract heat to heat the air in the house all year round. Geothermal pumps are the most versatile. Their main problem is the high cost of both the device itself and its installation.
WATER-AIR
If you have high level flow-through groundwater- the task is greatly simplified. Simply put, it is enough to dig a shallow well and immerse a heat exchanger probe into it. The same scheme can be used if there is an ice-free natural body of water nearby. The limitation is clear and obvious: water is not available everywhere.
AIR-AIR
Here we see two main categories of devices. Multi-split systems are used to maintain climate in small houses. The limitation is due to the fact that the length of the line cannot be infinitely large: the compressor must pump freon through the tubes, and the pipe walls offer noticeable resistance to it. Duct air conditioners- this is a typical, canonical air heating system. From one indoor unit heat pump air is distributed through ducts throughout all rooms. In this sector of the market in Russia, primarily Japanese manufacturers - Daikin and Mitsubishi - offer their products. Somewhat less often you can find American Lennox and Carrier.
Function external unit- cool the surrounding air and transport thermal energy inside the house. a common problem devices - the dependence of their efficiency on the outside temperature.
It is worth mentioning: the exact calculation of air heating - combined with ventilation or carried out separately - is carried out by specialists, taking into account a long number of factors: Material and thickness of the walls; Number and area of windows; The number of people who will be in the room; Amount and power of additional heat sources, etc. The simplified scheme is the same as for other heating systems: 40 watts of thermal power per cubic meter of heated room. For regions of the Far North, taking into account extremely low winter temperatures, a coefficient of 1.5-2.0 is taken. For houses with a ceiling height of 2.5-2.7 meters, you can start from the area: 1 kW per 10 m2. published
