Those workers who work in office premises, the performance of work duties of which is characterized by minor physical effort and a sitting position, SanPiN classifies as category Ia. For this category of workers, a comfortable temperature in summer is 23-25°C, and in winter – 22-24°C. In cases where these standards are not met, office workers have the right to demand a reduction in working hours.
So, when the temperature in the office rises to +29°C, the duration of the working day, depending on the category of work performed, should be reduced to 3-6 hours. When the thermometer reaches +32.5°C, the maximum working day is set to 1 hour. In the case when, during the cold season, the temperature in the office space is below normal and is +19 ° C, the working day can be shortened by 1 hour. You can work for one hour a day when the air temperature at your workplace drops to +13°C.
The activities of an enterprise that systematically violates established sanitary standards may be suspended for up to 90 days.
Employer's liability
Providing comfortable working conditions is entirely the responsibility of the employer. According to Article 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, he can demand fulfillment of the hourly production standard only if there are created in the production or office premises normal conditions for work. In case of violation temperature regime the employer must take immediate measures to eliminate this violation.You can also protect your rights by filing a complaint with the State Labor Inspectorate.
If your employer ignores the requirements established by labor legislation, you must contact the territorial sanitary and epidemiological service. If the violation is confirmed, the company may be fined from 10 to 20 thousand rubles.
Sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises” (approved by Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation dated October 1, 1996 N 21)
See also Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Standards SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03 “Hygienic Requirements for the Air Ionic Composition of Air in Industrial Public Premises”, approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on April 18, 2003.
Hygienic requirements to occupational microclimate
Relative humidity;
Air speed;
Intensity of thermal irradiation.
5. Optimal microclimate conditions
5.1. Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of the optimal thermal and functional state of a person. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on the thermoregulatory mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, create the prerequisites for a high level of performance and are preferred in the workplace.
5.2. Optimal values of microclimate indicators must be observed at workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work associated with nervous and emotional stress is performed (in cabins, at consoles and control stations for technological processes, in computer rooms, etc.). A list of other workplaces and types of work in which optimal microclimate values must be ensured is determined Sanitary rules for individual industries and other documents agreed with the bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision in the prescribed manner.
See Rules for labor protection in logging, woodworking industries and during forestry work POT RM 001 - 97, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of March 21, 1997 N 15
5.3. The optimal microclimate parameters at workplaces must correspond to the values given in
5.4. Changes in air temperature in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values at workplaces, should not exceed 2°C and go beyond the values specified in Table 1 for certain categories of work.
Table 1
6. Acceptable microclimate conditions
6.1. Acceptable microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria for the permissible thermal and functional state of a person for the period of an 8-hour working period. They do not cause damage or health problems, but can lead to general and local sensations of thermal discomfort, tension in the thermoregulatory mechanisms, deterioration of well-being and decreased performance.
6.2. Acceptable values of microclimate indicators are established in cases where, due to technological requirements, technical and economically justified reasons, optimal values cannot be ensured.
6.3. Acceptable values of microclimate indicators at workplaces must correspond to the values given in in relation to the performance of work of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year.
6.4. When ensuring acceptable microclimate values at workplaces:
The difference in air temperature in height should be no more than 3° C;
The horizontal air temperature difference, as well as its changes during the shift, should not exceed: at - 4° C; at - 5° C; at - 6° C.
In this case, the absolute values of the air temperature should not go beyond the values specified in for certain categories of work.
6.5. When the air temperature in the workplace is 25° C and above, the maximum permissible values of relative air humidity should not exceed the limits:
70% - at an air temperature of 25°C;
65% - at an air temperature of 26°C;
60% - at an air temperature of 27°C;
55% - at an air temperature of 28°C.
6.6. At an air temperature of 26-28°C, the air speed indicated in Table 2 for the warm period of the year must correspond to the range:
0.1-0.2 m/s - for work category Ia;
0.1-0.3 m/s - for work category Ib;
0.2-0.4 m/s - for work category IIa;
table 2
Acceptable values of microclimate indicators at workplaces of industrial premises
6.7. Permissible values of the intensity of thermal radiation of workers in the workplace from production sources heated to a dark glow (materials, products, etc.) must correspond to the values given in Table 3.
Table 3
6.8. The permissible values of the intensity of thermal radiation working from radiation sources heated to a white and red glow (hot or molten metal, glass, flame, etc.) should not exceed 140 W/sq.m. In this case, more than 25% of the body surface should not be exposed to irradiation and the use of personal protection, including face and eye protection.
6.9. In the presence of thermal radiation of workers, the air temperature in the workplace should not exceed the following values, depending on the category of work:
25° C - for work category Ia;
24° C - for work category Ib;
22° C - for work category IIa;
21° C - for work category IIb;
20° C - for work category III.
6.10. In industrial premises in which permissible standard values for microclimate indicators cannot be established due to technological requirements for the production process or economically justified inexpediency, microclimate conditions should be considered harmful and dangerous. In order to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate, protective measures should be used (for example, local air conditioning systems, air showers, compensation for the adverse effects of one microclimate parameter by changing another, special clothing and other personal protective equipment, rooms for rest and heating, regulation of work hours, in particular , breaks in work, reduction of working hours, increase in vacation duration, decrease in length of service, etc.).
6.11. To assess the combined impact of microclimate parameters in order to implement measures to protect workers from possible overheating, it is recommended to use the integral indicator of the thermal load of the environment ( ), the values of which are given in applications 2.
6.12. To regulate work time within a work shift in microclimate conditions with air temperatures at workplaces higher or lower than permissible values, it is recommended to follow And applications 3.
7. Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring microclimate
7.1. Measurements of microclimate indicators in order to monitor their compliance with hygienic requirements should be carried out during the cold period of the year - on days with outside air temperatures differing from the average temperature of the coldest month of winter by no more than 5 ° C, in the warm period of the year - on days with outside temperatures air, differing from the average maximum temperature of the hottest month by no more than 5 ° C. The frequency of measurements in both periods of the year is determined by the stability of the production process, the functioning of technological and sanitary equipment.
7.2. When choosing areas and measurement times, it is necessary to take into account all factors affecting the microclimate of workplaces (phases of the technological process, functioning of ventilation and heating systems, etc.). Measurements of microclimate indicators should be carried out at least 3 times per shift (at the beginning, middle and end). In case of fluctuations in microclimate parameters associated with technological and other reasons, it is necessary to carry out additional measurements at the highest and lowest values of thermal loads on workers.
7.3. Measurements should be carried out at workplaces. If the workplace consists of several sections of the production premises, then measurements are carried out at each of them.
7.4. If there are sources of local heat generation, cooling or moisture release (heated units, windows, doorways, gates, open baths, etc.) measurements should be carried out at each workplace at points minimally and maximally distant from sources of thermal influence.
7.5. In rooms with a high density of workplaces, in the absence of sources of local heat generation, cooling or moisture release, areas for measuring temperature, relative humidity and air velocity should be distributed evenly over the area of the room in accordance with Table 4.
Minimum number of areas for measuring temperature, relative humidity and air speed
7.6. When working while sitting, the temperature and speed of air movement should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.0 m, relative humidity - at a height of 1.0 m from the floor or working platform. When working while standing, the temperature and speed of air movement should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.5 m, and the relative humidity of the air - at a height of 1.5 m.
7.7. If sources are available radiant heat Thermal exposure in the workplace must be measured from each source, placing the receiver of the device perpendicular to the incident flux. Measurements should be taken at a height of 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 m from the floor or working platform.
7.8. The temperature of surfaces should be measured in cases where workplaces are no more than two meters away from them. The temperature of each surface is measured similarly to measuring air temperature according to clause 7.6.
7.9. Temperature and relative humidity in the presence of sources of thermal radiation and air currents in the workplace should be measured using aspiration psychrometers. In the absence of radiant heat and air flows in the measurement areas, the temperature and relative humidity of the air can be measured with psychrometers that are not protected from the effects of thermal radiation and air velocity. Instruments that allow you to separately measure temperature and air humidity can also be used.
7.10. The speed of air movement should be measured with rotational anemometers (vane, cup, etc.). Small values of air velocity (less than 0.5 m/s), especially in the presence of multidirectional flows, can be measured with thermoelectric anemometers, as well as cylindrical and ball catathermometers, if they are protected from thermal radiation.
7.11. The temperature of surfaces should be measured with contact instruments (such as electric thermometers) or remote ones (pyrometers, etc.).
7.12. The intensity of thermal radiation should be measured with instruments that provide a sensor viewing angle close to a hemisphere (at least 160°) and are sensitive in the infrared and visible regions of the spectrum (actinometers, radiometers, etc.).
7.13. The measuring range and permissible error of measuring instruments must comply with the requirements
7.14. Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol, which should reflect general information about the production facility, the placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat generation, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of areas for measuring microclimate parameters and other data.
7.15. At the conclusion of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements.
Table 5
Annex 1
(informative)
Characteristics of individual categories of work
2. K category Ia include work with an energy intensity of up to 120 kcal/h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by minor physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrumentation and mechanical engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, clothing production, in the field of management, etc.).
3. K category Ib include work with an energy intensity of 121-150 kcal/h (140-174 W), performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types production, etc.).
4. K category II include work with an energy intensity of 151-200 kcal/h (175-232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops of machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving production, etc.).
5. K category IIb include work with an energy intensity of 201-250 kcal/h (233-290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).
6. K category III include work with an energy intensity of more than 250 kcal/h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forge shops with manual forging, foundries with manual stuffing and filling of flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).
Appendix 2
Determination of the thermal load index of the environment (THI index)
1. Index (THC index) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed and thermal radiation) on the human body.
2. The THC index is determined based on the temperature of the wet bulb of an aspiration psychrometer (tvl.) and the temperature inside the blackened ball (tsh).
3. The temperature inside the blackened ball is measured by a thermometer, the reservoir of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow ball; tsh reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air speed. The blackened ball must have a diameter of 90 mm, the minimum possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. The accuracy of measuring the temperature inside the ball is +-0.5° C.
4. TNS index is calculated using the equation:
THC = 0.7 x tvl. + 0.3 x tsh.
thermal load of the environment at workplaces where the speed of movement
air do not exceed 0.6 m/s, and the intensity of thermal radiation -
1. In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or cumulatively for a work shift) should be limited to the values specified in And of this application. At the same time, the average air temperature at which workers are located during a work shift at workplaces and rest areas should not exceed the permissible air temperature limits for the relevant categories of work specified in Table 2 of these Sanitary Rules.
Table 1
Other indicators of the microclimate (relative air humidity, air speed, surface temperature, intensity of thermal radiation) at workplaces must be within the permissible values of these Sanitary Rules.
Bibliographic data
1. Guide R 2.2.4/2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and environment(under approval).
2. Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.01.01. "Building climatology and geophysics."
3. Methodological recommendations “Assessment of a person’s thermal state in order to substantiate hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures to prevent cooling and overheating” N 5168-90 dated 03/05/90. In: Hygienic principles for preventing the adverse effects of industrial microclimate on the human body. V.43, M. 1991, pp.192-211.
4. Guide R 2.2.013-94. Occupational hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity and intensity of the labor process. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, M, 1994, 42 p.
5. GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for air working area".
6. Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.04.95-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".
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*(1) The temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceiling, floor), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or enclosing devices.
*(2) At air temperatures of 25° C and above, the maximum values of relative air humidity must be taken in accordance with the requirements
*(3) At air temperatures of 26-28° C, the speed of air movement in the warm period of the year should be taken in accordance with the requirements
Legislation obliges employers to protect workers from the harmful effects of production and climatic factors. Unfortunately, employers often either cannot cope or do not want to fulfill these duties, so employees have to take care of their own safety by refusing to work in hazardous conditions.
Constitution Russian Federation guarantees citizens the protection of their rights and freedoms by all means not prohibited by law (Article 45). In order to protect his labor rights, an employee can:
Refuse to perform work not provided for employment contract
Refuse to perform work that directly threatens his life and health (Article 379 of the Labor Code)
Suspend work in cases of delayed wages for more than 15 days (Article 142 of the Labor Code).
The most relevant is the second point of self-defense of the employee’s rights: refusal to perform work that directly threatens his life and health, except in cases provided for by federal laws.
Often one of the main harmful factors in the workplace is temperature.
IN summer time Workplaces are unbearably hot during the year, and cold in the winter. And our bosses have expensive air conditioners in their offices, so our problems don’t bother them much. But there is normative document– SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises”, establishing optimal and permissible air temperature levels in workplaces.
Summer, heat, work, or how to defend the rights to normal working conditions.
We are not a grill
We are not the grill!
Summer has arrived, and with it hot days. It’s good if the vacation is a summer cottage and the sea. What if the city, work and the temperature in the workplace are like a desert during the day, but the employer doesn’t give a damn? Here it is good to remember about Article 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. which reads: “For the purpose of self-protection of labor rights, the employee, having notified the employer or his immediate supervisor or other representative of the employer in writing, may refuse to perform work not provided for by the employment contract, as well as refuse to perform work that directly threatens his life and health, except for cases provided for by this Code and other federal laws. During the period of refusal of the specified work, the employee retains all rights provided for by labor legislation and other acts containing standards labor law", SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises." establishing permissible air temperature levels in workplaces, Appendix No. 7 of the Guidelines R 2.2.2006.05. which regulates time protection when working in a heating microclimate.
Now more details. SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 normalizes the air temperature in the workplace depending on the category of work. based on the intensity of the body’s total energy expenditure in kcal/h (W). Without going into details, you can roughly determine the category of work according to Appendix No. 1 GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area as follows: category Ia includes work performed while sitting and accompanied by minor physical stress (a number of professions in enterprises precision instrumentation and mechanical engineering, in watchmaking, clothing production, in the field of management, etc.).
Category III includes work associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forge shops with manual forging, foundries with manual filling and pouring of flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc. .P.)
The warm period of the year is a period of the year characterized by an average daily (this is important) outdoor air temperature above +10°C
At what air temperature in winter can you not go to work?
Article on the topic
Workers in production
At extreme low temperatures The work of specialists in some professions is stopped, and the working hours of employees of those offices that are poorly heated are also reduced. Working in cold weather outdoors or indoors unheated rooms regulated by Article 109 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
According to the document, persons working outdoors must be provided with breaks during work for heating, which must be included in work time. The duration and number of breaks are determined by the company administration together with the trade union organization.
The work of masons stops at a temperature of -25 C with a wind of more than three points or at a temperature of -30 C without wind.
The work of representatives of other professions associated with being outdoors stops at a temperature of –27 C with a wind of more than force three or at a temperature of –35 C without wind.
If the activity is related to equipment that broke down during the cold weather, time forced downtime must be paid at two-thirds of the salary.
Article on the topic
Office workers
For office workers, weather conditions, according to the law, do not affect work. Only the temperature in the workplace is taken into account. Working conditions are regulated by sanitary rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises.
According to the document, those who work on premises are divided into five categories.
* 1a - sedentary work. This includes managers, office workers, garment and watch production workers. For them, the most comfortable room temperature is +22 C - +24 C.
* 1b - if you spend the whole day on your feet. For example, these are controllers, sales consultants. They must operate at +21 C - +23 C.
* 2a- the work involves some physical stress. For example, tour guides, employees at the boring shops at machine-building enterprises. The optimal temperature for them is +19 C -+21 C.
* 2b - work involving walking and carrying weights up to ten kilograms. These are mostly factory workers - mechanics, welders. For them, the room temperature should be +17 C - +19 C.
Article on the topic
* 3 - involves heavy physical labor, for example, in foundries and forges. This category also includes loaders who carry furniture and equipment heavier than ten kilograms. For them the temperature is slightly lower - + 16 C - + 18 C.
When the temperature in the workplace drops 1 degree below normal, working hours are reduced by 1 hour. Thus, at a temperature of +19 C, the working day of an office worker will be 7 hours, +18 C - 6 hours, and so on. At a temperature of +12 C and below, work stops and, according to Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, working time in this case is paid by the employer in the amount of at least two-thirds tariff rate.
Kindergarten
Kindergarten works at any outdoor temperature. But according to sanitary standards SanPiN 2.4.1.1249-03, when the air temperature is below -15 C and the wind speed is more than 7 m/s, the duration of the walk is reduced. The walk is not carried out at an air temperature below -15 C and a wind speed of more than 15 m/s for children under 4 years old, and for children 5-7 years old at an air temperature below -20 C and a wind speed of more than 15 m/s (for middle zone).
School
The standards that apply today regarding children attending school in severe frosts are as follows:
Article on the topic
At a temperature of -25 C, schoolchildren in grades 1-4 in rural schools do not study
At a temperature of -27 C - schoolchildren of grades 1-4 in urban and rural schools
At a temperature of -30 C and below, all schoolchildren - from 1st to 11th grade - do not study
When the above temperatures occur, the Ministry of Education issues appropriate orders. But the decision to stop classes due to frosty weather is made by the management of each educational institution on one's own. If such a decision is made, the child can take a break from school based on it.
The cancellation of classes in schools is influenced not only by temperature, but also by wind strength. Typically, the temperature threshold for canceling school classes due to wind drops by 2-3 degrees.
Cancellation of school classes in the regions
For the northern regions of the country, the temperature limits for canceling classes are lower. In the Urals, the following schedule for class cancellations is applied:
25 C - -28 C - kids don’t go to school,
28 C - -30 C - students in grades 5-9 are not studying,
30 C - -32 C - high school students may not come.
In Siberia, primary classes do not study at -30 C degrees. Schoolchildren in grades 5-9 may not come if the thermometer drops to -32 C and -35 C. High school students do not go to school if it is -35 C - -40 C outside.
In Yakutia, in order for students in grades 1-4 not to go to school, the thermometer must drop to -40 C degrees. For schoolchildren high school the temperature should be -48 C, and high school students do not go to school only if it is -50 C outside.
Labor intensity categories
- (category Ia)- sedentary work. (a number of professions in precision instrument and mechanical engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, clothing production, in the office, in management, and the like).
- (category Ib)- when you periodically stand or walk. (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types of production, and the like).
- (category IIa)- constant walking, moving small items (up to 1 kg). (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops of machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving production, and the like).
- (category IIb) - when you carry weights up to 10 kg. (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises and the like).
- (category III)- constant movement, carrying loads over 10 kg. (a number of professions in forge shops with hand forging, foundries with manual filling and casting of flasks, machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, and the like).
Temperature standards for these categories of workplaces are different.
For example, for 1a and 1b, you can work full time only when the temperature is not higher than +28°. But if the thermometer shows +32.5°, know: you need to work no more than one hour.
The most stringent requirements are for category 3. The maximum temperature for an 8-hour work shift here is +26°, and for #171 a one-hour #187 it is enough to record +30.5° on the thermometer.
You must notify your supervisor
To know what the temperature is at work, it is better for workers to buy a thermometer themselves, at least a household one. The readings from such a thermometer will not be considered official, but you will know the temperature. And if the thermometer shows 40 degrees, then the temperature is clearly higher than the established norm.
If the temperature exceeds permissible standards, this poses a danger to the worker’s health.
But according to labor legislation, a worker cannot drop everything and go home,” explains Zoya Osos, head of the occupational hygiene department of the Minsk City Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology. - He must report the temperature rise to his superiors, otherwise it will be considered unauthorized absence from the workplace. But if the boss doesn’t want to listen to anything, find out the phone number of the district health station from the certificate, and call and complain.
Zoya Mikhailovna says that the fines for inhumane leaders are substantial - from 5 to 30 basic units. And the culprit pays them out of his salary.
I want to convert Special attention on the accuracy of temperature measurement,” adds Zoya Osos. - Even if you have a very good thermometer, its readings cannot be the basis for a fine. After all, according to the law, only accredited laboratories or departments can measure and record temperatures in our country. But this is no longer your concern, but the sanitation station’s.
Zoya Mikhailovna reminds you that, in addition to the sanitation station, you can also complain to your trade union and the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection. It is their direct responsibility to ensure that your rights are respected at work.
Temperature standards for stores
In stores in summer it should be from +13 to + 30 degrees. That is, if you are a loader, seller or merchandiser, and in June at your work it is +32 - demand justice (air conditioning or going home).
Trade Union Actions
At the next meeting with the administration on June 18, the Free Trade Union of Polotsk-Steklovolokno OJSC raised the issue of compliance with temperature standards in production shops. Deputy Chief Engineer Vladimir Yushkevich showed a plan of measures aimed at maintaining temperature standards in the workshops. The trade union suggested that the administration pay more attention to such measurements as: temperature of structural surfaces, air speed, intensity of thermal radiation, thermal load of the environment.
The administration confirmed its obligation to provide workers with mineral water when the outside air temperature reaches 25 0 C. Order general director on the distribution of water No. 270 was signed on May 20, with corresponding instructions to the heads of workshops No. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. The order was signed exactly on the day when the article “The temperature in the workshops exceeded the norms” was posted on our website "
The free trade union proposed that the administration supplement the collective agreement with a legal provision on the provision of drinking water to workers mineral water.
From a letter from the trade union
The trade union receives complaints from workers about non-compliance with microclimate parameters in production premises during the warm season.
In accordance with the Sanitary Standards and Rules “Requirements for the Microclimate of Workplaces in Industrial and Office Premises”,
approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated April 30 No. 33
28 o C is the maximum temperature V production premises for a worker with a minimum level of intensity of energy expenditure of the body and with an 8-hour working day.
21 o C is the maximum permissible temperature value air in the presence of thermal exposure of the worker for the category of energy consumption work associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (for example, fiberglass production operators).
Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated April 30 No. 33 - on temperature in workplaces - can be viewed Here .
The administration has drawn up a plan
Deputy Chief Engineer for Labor Protection Vladimir Yushkevich showed a plan of measures aimed at maintaining temperature standards in the workshops in the summer, which had not yet been approved by the director. The completion date for the work is set for mid-summer and later. People say, #8212 until the thunder strikes, the director of the man will not move.
Chairman of the Belkhim Trade Union Natalya Murashko said that there is an agreement with the administration to measure temperatures in workshops three times a day. But the deputy The chief engineer did not confirm this agreement; he said that measurements in the workshops were carried out once at 12 noon. (for example, on the day of the meeting on June 18, the temperature in workshop No. 7 was, according to administration measurements, 18 0 C). But the maximum temperature in the workshops is observed in the evening shift at 17 #8212 18 hours.
According to established standards, not only the air temperature must be taken into account, but also the temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceilings, floors), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or devices enclosing it.
The amount in payment receipts increases quarterly, especially during a crisis period for the country. But at the same time, the quality of public services leaves much to be desired. Difficult times comes for tenants when the heating is turned off. In such a situation, management companies responsible for providing hot water supply in apartment buildings, often work dishonestly and strive to evade responsibility.
Temperature standards
Of course, a lot depends on the preferences of the residents - some like it colder and are content with a low temperature of 18° C, others prefer thick sweaters and socks instead of cozy warmth and 24-25° C. But you need to know what temperature should be in our apartment according to legislative acts, since not only the health and well-being of the family, but also the budget depends on this.
The standard temperature in the apartment is contained in “ GOST R 51617-2000. Housing and communal services. Are common technical specifications “. Here are the values needed for the calculation maximum power heating devices. Flights of stairs in residential buildings should have a temperature of 14-20 ° C. This is a space that residents use for a short time, no more than an hour, and are dressed in outerwear.
In the inter-apartment corridors, as well as in the lobbies, the temperature is 16-22° C. In hallways, living rooms and kitchens with gas or electric stoves the temperature is 18-25° C. These premises are intended for permanent residence(that is, more than 4 hours). The highest temperature is 24° C – valid for calculations in the bathroom. The norm is also regulated Sanitary rules and SanPiN.
Medical standards for temperature conditions in residential premises
A little about what optimal temperature must be in the house according to medical recommendations. The norm in residential premises is 22° C. This temperature provides high thermal comfort with an air humidity of 30%. If room temperature higher, it can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, the appearance of mucus, and increased susceptibility to bacteria and viruses in the nose and throat. The only exception is the bathroom, where water vapor rises and even higher temperatures do not pose a health risk.
When the child is at home, the temperature in the apartment should be raised by at least 1 degree, and in the bathroom or other room where he bathes, up to 28 degrees. In adult bedrooms, the temperature can be slightly cooler than in the living room - around 20° C. This indicator guarantees deeper sleep and, therefore, better rest.
Heat rate control
In order to maintain the above recommendations and to minimize heating costs, it is necessary to properly control heat standards, taking care of the thermal insulation of the house. It is necessary to seal the windows and door frames. In the room, do not cover the radiators, do not paint them with a thick layer of paint and do not hang thick window curtains(heaters are usually installed under windows). Place furniture and equipment on minimum distance– 1 meter from the radiators.
It is recommended to regulate the temperature curve of the heating system in individual rooms using manual or electronic thermostats. When installed even on an old heater, the electronic head can be adjusted to a temperature of up to 0.5 degrees, and program the heating output for a whole week, taking into account the time of day and the habits of local residents.
Modern thermostats will also adjust the heating output according to external conditions - warming or cooling outside, sunlight, etc. You don't need to turn off the heat completely, all you have to do is lower the temperature, for example by setting the economy mode to 15 ° C. Reducing the temperature by even 1 ° C increases heat savings by 5-7.5%.
Factors affecting temperature
The temperature readings in the apartment are influenced by many factors, primarily external. They fluctuate due to the following conditions:
- heating off;
- climatic features of the place;
- change of seasons;
- individual characteristics of individual apartments.
The heating temperature schedule also depends on the place where the property owners live. For example, in a northern latitude it will be different from a southern climate. The influence of factors such as Atmosphere pressure and outdoor air humidity also affect normal value indicators of the heating system in any month.
When the seasons change, the microclimate in living rooms also varies. For example, in the winter months the temperature will be lower, and in the hot season it will be higher. When in the spring they stop supplying heat to the radiators, following the shutdown schedule, the temperature in the apartment also drops. For mid-latitudes, the optimal value in winter is about 22 degrees, and in summer – 25 degrees. Although at first glance the difference of three degrees is insignificant, it affects the well-being of everyone living in an apartment building or private building.
Regulating the indoor climate
When heating outages occur, the temperature in the apartment must be controlled for the comfort of all citizens living in it. There are people who feel comfortable and well during the hot months; they do not require the installation of climate control equipment. Also, some people constantly ventilate their rooms during the winter cold. But all the requirements of the average person are reflected by the current standards for any heat supply company for which a central shutdown schedule has been established heating devices. After all, hypothermia, like overheating, has a negative effect on human health.
Among other things, norms also depend on gender. Women require higher temperatures than men. You need to be extremely careful about the temperature conditions in the apartment where children live. They cannot yet regulate their temperature, so they are susceptible to overheating and freezing faster than adults. Consequently thermal norm for them it should be stable and be about 22 degrees.
In accordance with current sanitary standards, central temperature control systems must maintain values of no less than and no more than 22 degrees, and all deviations from this value have a bad effect on well-being.
To maintain normal temperature, certain conditions must be observed. Previously, the temperature was regulated using radiators, and in order to warm the room more, they used additional heat sources - various electric heaters, convectors, etc. To cool the room, they opened transoms and windows, thus solving the problem.
Today, scientific progress has made it possible to choose any climate control equipment that will provide comfortable conditions in apartments. For example, modern air conditioners not only cool air flows coming from the street, but are also equipped with a heating function. They also have dehumidification functions when the room is too humid, and purify the air from harmful compounds.
Current sanitary standards do not set the temperature of radiators. It is only important that the temperature in the home corresponds to certain indicators, which is influenced by differences climatic conditions the corresponding region. Indicators in the winter months should not be lower than 20 degrees. If this value is less, then the services of the heat supply organization are of poor quality.
In this case, property owners need:
- seek to eliminate poor performance in the provision of public services;
- demand from the management company when the heating is turned off unscheduled;
- carefully seal all cracks in windows and doors;
- buy optional equipment for heating the room;
- install autonomous heating appliances.
How to increase or decrease the temperature
By GOST the minimum indicator in the apartment should correspond to 15 degrees. With such a value, although life is quite difficult and uncomfortable, management companies believe that all standards are met. Because of this, the population independently regulates the temperature regime, and when cold weather sets in or mass heating outages occur, double-glazed windows are installed or the windows are sealed. At worst, they turn on electric heaters or convectors.
What to do when the constant temperature in the home reaches 28 degrees, which happens when the batteries are too hot. The highest value in the standard is 24 degrees, to which an error of 4 degrees is added. When thermostats are installed on the radiator, there are no questions, you just need to adjust it to the required number.
When there are no such devices on the battery, it is not very convenient to constantly open the windows due to drafts in the room. If the apartment has Small child, then such actions are not a way out of the situation; this is completely contraindicated for older people. To correct the situation you can:
- turn on the tap in front of the radiator;
- install an air recuperator.
When overlapping ball valve before the battery, you will reduce the amount hot water which is served. The recuperator will allow circulation air flows correctly, and the air flow will enter the home already warmed up.
Optimal temperature during the heating season
It is clear from the above that the comfortable value in the apartment is established SNIP at 20-22 degrees. Possible indicators are defined within the range of 18-26 degrees, in accordance with the purpose of the housing. Kitchen, living rooms and the bathroom have different standards. The errors correspond to 3 degrees of decrease and 4 degrees of increase in indicators. Unfortunately, according to current legislation, when it is 15 degrees above zero in an apartment, claims cannot be made against management companies. Also at a temperature of 30 degrees, when in winter the batteries heat up to their maximum. Here, as they say, if you want to live, know how to move around and contact the relevant authorities.
Responsibility of utilities for violations of standards
According to the law, tenants and homeowners have the right to apply for recalculation to management companies, which are obliged to reduce by 0.15 percent for each hour of violation of standards. If you do the math, for 28 days of improper provision of the service, the payment is reduced by up to 90 percent. Naturally, utility services themselves will not perform such a recalculation, so you will have to turn to the courts.
There are many cases where residents apartment buildings sued utility companies for money for services that were not fully provided or were of poor quality. For example, three years ago, a Perm resident managed to recover 136 thousand rubles from the management company for violating their obligations to provide heat to the apartment. Therefore, you should defend your rights and contact.
Conclusion
Must provide temperature in accordance with current standards and regulations Management Company at your place of residence. As a result, if cases of non-compliance with the quality of heating services are identified, this organization must be reported and, if required, a report must be drawn up.
If it comes to a private residential building, then it is necessary to control the supplied heating devices, increasing the efficiency of the batteries or using modern efficient devices.
A person spends most of his time at work, and therefore there is a need to comply with certain requirements for the climate in the office.
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Exist regulations regulating requirements for microclimate indicators in premises where people carry out work activities. It is especially important to observe them in the office, where people are busy with office work, and as a result of inactivity, deterioration in productivity can occur.
Legislation
In the Russian Federation, all sanitary standards are determined by one regulatory document - SanPiN. It establishes health and hygiene standards for various areas of life, including employment.
The provisions of SanPiN are binding, since this document contains instructions in the technical, medical and legislative areas.
SanPiN stands for “sanitary rules and regulations.” This regulatory document has some similarities with SNIP, but defines the rules that must be followed in a different working structure.
The standards that must be observed in office workplaces are enshrined in SanPiN No. 2.2.4.548, which sets out hygienic requirements for the microclimate in production.
Safe workplaces must be equipped. Labor safety regulations are provided for employees of office structures.
Additional standards were adopted by Federal Law No. 52, which establishes the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of citizens engaged in labor activities.
IN Labor Code, Articles 209 and 212, establish the obligation of employers to comply with SanPiN standards.
If employees are not provided with certain working conditions in the office, and also if labor protection, hygienic, sanitary, household and preventive requirements are not met, then legal liability will arise.
Article 163 states what temperature must be maintained in work areas.
Seasonal norms
Temperature standards in office premises vary depending on the season. The office should not be too hot or cold. The health of people working in enclosed spaces may be harmful effects elevated temperature for a long time.
Given that the office is not properly ventilated and a large number of people accumulate in it, this can have a detrimental effect on the work process. The situation is aggravated by the included office equipment and tight, closed clothing, which is a dress code requirement.
In this regard, certain temperature standards were adopted at the legislative level in the summer - from 23 to 25 degrees. The relative humidity should be no more than 60%. In exceptional cases, the temperature may be increased to 28 degrees.a
If the thermometer in the office shows a deviation from the norm by even two degrees, work productivity can be sharply reduced, since headaches and loss of concentration are possible due to the stuffiness in the room.
The employer must correct the situation by installing air conditioning in the room and ensuring it correct work. If this is not done, the employee will be forced to endure the heat, which is already a violation of sanitary standards.
According to SanPiN, if the standard indicators in the office are exceeded, the employee has the right to reduce the working day by a certain number of hours:
- Temperature 29 – 30 degrees – reduction of the working day from 8 to 6 hours.
- With each subsequent increase in temperature, the day is shortened by another 1 hour.
- If the indicator reaches 32.5 C, then the time spent in the office as a whole should not exceed 1 hour.
Since many citizens note that air conditioning can have a negative effect, and the harm from this is compared to stuffiness and heat, SanPiN requirements were adopted, according to which the employer must maintain a certain humidity in the room.
Air movement in the office should be in the range of 0.1 - 0.3 m per second. Workers should not sit directly under the air conditioner as they may become hypothermic.
Like heat, cold is the enemy of productivity in the workplace. A person sitting in a chair cannot warm up, as a result, cannot concentrate. According to legal standards, lowering the temperature in the office to 15 degrees is not acceptable. Such standards apply only in some production workshops.
In winter, autumn and in early spring, according to GOST and SanPiN, the temperature in the room should be kept from 22 to 24 degrees. During the day, the temperature can jump by 1-2 degrees, maximum by 4C, only for a short period of time.
Where to contact in case of violation
The employer’s task is to comply with all requirements established by law and provide employees with appropriate places; otherwise, there is a violation of the rights and interests of the company’s employees.
If it is impossible to be at the workplace due to too low or high temperature, and conflicts arise with the director of the enterprise, the employee can file a complaint with the State Labor Inspectorate. Another option is to submit an application to the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service.
Upon receipt of the application, an inspection will be carried out, after which the specialist will set conditions that must be fulfilled.
After a set period of time, a re-inspection is carried out, and if the employer has not corrected the situation, he is fined, and other measures may be taken.
Workers should not be afraid to contact the Labor Inspectorate to protect their rights; they can ask the employee to maintain confidentiality.
Responsibility
If the requirements for the microclimate in the office are not systematically met even after the decision is made, liability is applied to the employer.
The inspection inspector must initially make sure that there is no air conditioning system in hot weather and no heating in cold weather, after which a decision on sanctions is made.
Thus, if the violations were not eliminated within the time allotted by the inspection inspector, the director of the company is given a fine of up to 12,000 rubles.
If the comments are ignored, a new resolution is issued banning activities for three months under Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
The rights and interests of Russian workers are protected not only by labor legislation, but also by various additional standards - SanPiN, GOST, and the Code of Administrative Offenses.
Often, citizens do not even know how to act correctly if the temperature in the office is significantly higher or lower than the standard temperature, and they sit for 8 hours in place, as a result of which their health deteriorates significantly. There are two options for protecting your rights - submitting an application to the Labor Inspectorate or the Epidemiological Service.
