Everything you need to know about waterproofing a balcony with your own hands. Waterproofing balconies and loggias: step-by-step execution of work Bitumen mastic for waterproofing balconies

Waterproofing a balcony is an important construction procedure, the high-quality implementation of which allows you to several times increase the service life of the concrete slab laid at the base of the structure.

Timely concern in this matter can significantly reduce the cost of periodic repairs and prevent premature destruction of supporting elements.

The need for arrangement

It is possible to waterproof a balcony with your own hands

Reinforced concrete structure balcony slab has a porous composition. Based on this, moisture penetrating through the pores freely enters the internal cavity of the monolith during the cold season.

When exposed negative temperatures the trapped water expands, which leads to a violation of the integrity of the concrete and the rapid development of corrosion of internal metal products.

In this regard, sealing balconies and loggias can significantly reduce the intensity of the processes described above, protecting the slab from harmful effects external factors.

Along with this, the waterproofing device glazed balcony will significantly reduce the humidity in the air both inside the loggia and inside the adjacent room.

Installation work does not require special skills and abilities. Any customer can perform the entire volume of operations without the involvement of specialists.

Types of waterproofing materials and optimal selection of raw materials

Rational selection of material – important stage when arranging waterproofing of a balcony. The choice of the facade layer of the loggia subsequently depends on the characteristics of the raw materials.

Thus, the use of, for example, a coating material makes it possible in the future to install decorative tiles and products imitating masonry from natural stone. Balcony waterproofing wooden house the use of penetrating compounds is envisaged. Do-it-yourself balcony waterproofing is currently gaining wide popularity.

Pasted insulation is quite easy to install

In this regard, it is more expedient to highlight the most commonly used varieties:

Pasted view. Representatives of this subgroup are roll materials. The sheets are laid overlapping each other along the entire perimeter of the loggia, while the joints of the two rolled elements are covered with a mastic composition. The presented method of protection is actively used when implementing such measures as waterproofing a loggia from the inside. In addition, it is worth noting that to increase the efficiency and reliability of such protection, sheets of rolled waterproofing materials are laid in at least two layers.
Polymer (cast) insulating compositions. The presented type of waterproofing consists of covering monolithic slab special water-repellent layer. As a rule, cast-type compounds are used to waterproof balcony floors. The essence of the method is to uniformly cover the treated surface with heated polymer agents, which, when hardened, form a protective shell that prevents moisture from penetrating deep into the slab.
Painting type. Carrying out protective measures using the presented method differs from other representatives in that it costs significantly less to Consumables and ease of implementation. However, do-it-yourself waterproofing of a balcony in a wooden house using paint waterproofing predetermines periodic renewal of the applied layer.
Impregnating compositions. This type of protective antiseptics is used in most cases in houses made of timber or logs. The compositions are made with the addition of special additives, which make it possible not only to ensure reliable waterproofing of balconies and loggias, but also to provide the treated surface with unique properties: resistance to fire, mold, insects, etc.

Each of the presented methods of installing waterproofing on a balcony has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as an individual cost expression. In this regard, in each specific case, the customer makes an independent decision when choosing a particular material, depending on design features loggia and surrounding climatic conditions.

Watch a video of how the process of waterproofing a balcony room is carried out.

The procedure for performing waterproofing

Having decided on the most optimal type waterproofing material, you should proceed directly to the work. The implementation of this activity must be carried out step by step, adhering to the following sequence of actions:

Preparatory work. Having dismantled the old floor layer, it is necessary to analyze the condition of the concrete slab for damage to its surface. It is best to remove old damp or crumbled areas using a hammer drill and a brush with stiff bristles (alternatively, you can use any available tool). We clean the surface to be treated from any remaining dust and debris. If there are cracks or potholes, we first cover the damaged areas with soil and restore them with cement mortar. It would be useful to inspect the roof of the loggia and protect the under-roof space from moisture. Then, we proceed to applying primer to the cleaned surfaces of the walls and ceiling.

Floor surface. This event becomes especially relevant when living on the first floors of multi-story buildings. High-quality floor waterproofing will prevent moisture from entering from basement and soil. The first priority is to putty the side seam joints. Having cleared the floor of foreign debris, it is more advisable to treat the surface of the slab with penetrating waterproofing compounds. After waiting the necessary time for drying, we place overlapping sheets of foil. A small wooden frame is formed on top of the laid material, onto which oriented strand boards are placed using self-tapping screws. The final step is to place finishing material on top of the formed structure.
Ceiling part. Waterproofing a balcony ceiling from the inside is usually done using coating or penetrating compounds. All cracks and joints are coated with sealants. Finally, we proceed to arranging waterproofing.

Conclusion

The question of how to make waterproofing on a balcony can be done by each developer with his own hands without involving the labor of specialists. Carrying out waterproofing measures in advance will ensure reliable protection of your balcony from the outside and inside from the harmful effects of moisture, increasing the period of its operation.

Regardless of what material the balcony is made of (reinforced concrete, wood or others), it is exposed to moisture, which, penetrating into the structure of the material, and then expanding when freezing or heating, destroys it. Balcony waterproofing is needed for every owner, private or apartment building. This measure helps to avoid premature destruction of the structure, and, consequently, delay the timing of major repairs.

Moreover, the fact whether the balcony is closed does not matter at all. The only difference is that the waterproofing open balcony should be more thorough due to the high level of load.

It is quite possible to waterproof balcony surfaces (loggias, terraces, etc.) with your own hands. The main thing is to follow the technology and use materials according to the requirements.

Types of waterproofing

The different structure and degree of load of the balcony (loggia, bay window, terraces, etc.) determines the division of waterproofing into types. The classification includes the following types:

Molded type of insulation.
Pasting type.
Painting type.
Impregnation type.

The cast type of waterproofing, as a rule, is used only for treating the floor of balconies (loggias, terraces). This is due to the difficulty of applying the composition to vertical surfaces. Besides this deficiency, we can also highlight a low level of strength, which suggests that this type of insulation can be used for rooms with a low level of load ( indoor balcony with hard flooring).

Advice! Can be used combined type waterproofing: cast material for floors and any other type for walls and ceilings.

Pasted waterproofing characterized by the use of roll material to protect all surfaces of the balcony from negative influence moisture. It is one of the most common and sought after types. However, it requires careful installation and absolutely flat surface. Otherwise, the material may be damaged, which will affect the waterproofing of the entire balcony (loggia, terraces).

Painting type of moisture insulation is one of the most budget-friendly. However, it has its own characteristics. Thus, its use on a balcony in a wooden house requires regular re-applications. And under the influence of low temperatures, the material may crack, which will damage the waterproofing layer.

The impregnating type of waterproofing has high penetrating ability. This allows you to insulate the surface of the balcony (loggias, terraces) not only from the outside, but also at the structural level. Suitable for all surfaces, the only feature is the requirement: work on a balcony in a wooden house, carry out in dry and warm weather so that the impregnation is completely dry.

Materials for waterproofing a balcony

For each type of insulation of balcony surfaces (loggia, bay window, terraces) from moisture there is optimal material, widely used in practice. Having chosen one of them, you can begin to directly provide protection from dampness with your own hands.

So, for the cast type of waterproofing, heated polymer is used. Having chosen it, it is worth remembering that it will not be possible to apply this type of insulation to walls.

Pasted waterproofing is usually carried out using polyethylene, which provides both reliable protection from moisture and a long service life of the surface. For paint protection against moisture, waterproof paints and varnishes are used for interior or external works, depending on whether the loggia is waterproofed from the inside or outside. The same applies to the impregnating type of insulating materials.

As for the requirements for waterproofing materials, in this case In addition to resisting moisture penetration, service life and resistance to other external factors play an important role. The optimal waterproofing layer must be resistant to changes in air temperature, resistant to ultraviolet rays and mechanical factors.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of a balcony

Waterproofing a balcony with your own hands is a voluminous and painstaking process, which, at the same time, does not require special skills in construction. When it comes to providing protection from moisture to all surfaces of the balcony (loggia, terraces), the procedure will include the following steps:

Waterproofing the floor.
Waterproofing of ceilings and walls.
Waterproofing of balcony canopy and roof.

All of these processes are preceded by preparatory work. Before proceeding with direct waterproofing of the room, it must be completely cleared of furniture. Then, the sheathing is removed from the walls, ceiling and floor, and all surfaces are leveled. If any defects are found, they must be eliminated using cement mortar (for floors and significant damage to walls) and putty (for walls and ceilings). The last step in the preparatory stage is to treat all surfaces with a primer to ensure better adhesion to the waterproofing material.

Important! Surfaces are treated with a primer for all types of waterproofing, except for adhesive. In this case, adhesion does not play any role.

Waterproofing balcony floors (loggias, terraces)

After all the preparatory manipulations have been carried out, you can begin to waterproof the floor. Depending on the selected material, the type and sequence of work will differ slightly. The general requirement remains for the absolute elimination of cracks and masking of all seams between the slabs and at the joints.

Then, waterproofing is applied to the balcony, cleared of dust and debris. When using rolled polyethylene, the material is overlapped on the walls (15 cm), then pressed against a wooden frame, into which insulation is optionally placed. All joints between pieces of material are treated with glue-sealant. Place on top of the formed waterproofing layer flooring(laminate, tiles, etc.).

When forming moisture insulation from other types of materials, a hot polymer, selected paint material or impregnation is evenly applied to the cleaned concrete layer. Concerning deep impregnation or painting waterproofing, you may need to make several applications, especially if we are talking about a balcony in a wooden house.

Waterproofing ceilings and walls

For ceilings and walls, it is best to use an impregnated type of insulation. This is due to the fact that this material has all the advantages for this type of work. Namely:

Provides reliable protection against moisture at the structural level.
Resistant to temperature changes.
Insensitive to ultraviolet rays.
Not damaged by mechanical impact.
Easy to apply.

Impregnation is applied to the cleaned and primed surface of the walls and ceiling. After it has completely dried, finishing work is carried out.

Waterproofing of walls is carried out by applying special impregnating compounds

When using paint-based waterproofing, paint and varnish materials, as well as impregnation, are applied to the prepared surface in one or two layers. Finishing work may not be carried out if colored paint is chosen as protection against moisture.

If the choice fell on rolled polyethylene, its sections are attached along the perimeter of the ceiling and walls wooden planks, and the joints and fastenings are treated with sealant. The final stage everything is also finishing work.

Waterproofing of canopy and roof

If the apartment whose balcony is being waterproofed is located on the top floor of a multi-storey building, or we are talking about the terrace of a private house, additional care must be taken to protect the canopy or roof from moisture penetration. To do this, all joints and connections of the canopy or roof are treated with sealant. Then, hot roofing material or roofing mastic is applied on top, so that, under the influence atmospheric precipitation, the roof did not leak.

By spending time on ensuring high-quality waterproofing of the balcony, the owner of the home ensures not only a guaranteed dry room in all weather conditions, but also the preservation of the condition of the finish. Proper protection from moisture will postpone the date of the next cosmetic and major repairs for a long time.

Many residents glazed their balconies and loggias and increased their apartment by one more small room or additional storage room. But the open balcony has its own charm: it’s both at home and in the fresh air; it’s nice to be among the flowers and watch children play in the yard. In addition to the lyrical side of the matter, there is also a prosaic one. To have a balcony cozy corner, he needs protection, because all the hardships and misfortunes of our harsh climate. In summer there is heat and rain, in winter there is frost and snow. Temperature changes and precipitation gradually lead to cracking of the floor, mold, corrosion of fittings, and destruction load-bearing structures. The floor on a loggia or balcony is also a ceiling for the neighbors below. They are unlikely to like streaks on the walls and ceiling. To avoid such problems, you need to waterproof the floor on the loggia or balcony in advance.

Waterproofing is a set of protective measures against the destructive effects of moisture. Waterproofing serves to increase strength and extend the service life of buildings and structures. Not only balconies, loggias and other open structures need waterproofing. Moisture comes both with precipitation and is filtered from the basement and soil, which is why it is necessary to waterproof the floor on the first floors of all buildings to protect the floor covering from deformation and rotting.

Waterproofing is also needed in multi-storey buildings to prevent water from leaking from the upper floors to the lower ones, especially in the kitchen or bathroom, where there is a high probability of water leakage.

The principle of waterproofing is to create a dense and durable layer with waterproof and water-repellent properties to protect concrete base and flooring from negative impact moisture.

In humid climates, waterproofing of the foundation, basement, cellar walls, attic, and roof is necessary.

Types of waterproofing

Depending on the method of execution and the building materials used, there are different types of floor waterproofing:

Plastering. Designed for coating reinforced concrete structures.
Coating (painting). Multilayer coating of bitumen paints. Used to protect metal structures from corrosion.
Cast. It is considered the most reliable type of insulation. It is laid with mastics and asphalt solutions in a layer of up to 5 cm.
Pasting. This is done by gluing a special waterproofing material.
Mountable. Special sheets of plastic or metal and profile tapes are used, which are attached to the building structure. Used if another type of waterproofing cannot be used.
Impregnating. With this method, building products made from porous materials are impregnated with organic solutions (polymer varnish, bitumen, petrolatum and coal pitch). Impregnation technology is used to process prefabricated materials (asbestos-cement sheets and pipes, concrete slabs, tuff, concrete, limestone blocks).
Backfill. It consists of special cavities filled with bulk waterproofing material (asfaltoizol, hydrophobic powders, sands). The layer thickness reaches 50cm. The backfill layer simultaneously performs the function of hydro- and thermal insulation.
Injection. It is carried out by injecting a special binder solution (furan resins) into the seams between concrete blocks and cracks. Injection waterproofing is most often used to repair existing waterproofing. _______________________

Cast waterproofing

This is a reliable and quite expensive type of waterproofing, which is made from mastics and asphalt solutions. There are hot and cold waterproofing.

The method consists of pouring the mixture onto a horizontal solid base in 2-3 layers with a total thickness of 25 mm and formwork on walls 3-5 cm thick. Epoxy foam, asphalt expanded clay concrete, bitumen perlite and various foam plastics are used for its production.

Operating procedure:

The floor is cleaned of dust, dirt and sand. If necessary, potholes and cracks are covered with plaster.
The surface is dried with hot air. The surface is primed with bitumen diluted to a liquid state. Along the perimeter of the room, sides with a height of 30-40 cm are installed.
The mastic is heated to 140°C and the floor is poured.
The mastic is leveled with scrapers. For long term waterproofing services, the mixture is applied in 2-3 layers to a thickness of 25 mm.
To increase the strength of the waterproofing layer, metal mesh or fiberglass is additionally used.

Cold way. Using cold waterproofing mastic is convenient, quick, and without additional costs.

Before applying the waterproofing compound, the concrete floor is cleaned, debris is removed, oil deposits are removed, and defects are smoothed out with plaster. After complete drying, the surfaces are covered with primer. A fence 30-40 cm high is placed along the entire perimeter of the floor. A waterproofing mixture is poured onto the floor and leveled with a scraper.

Painting (coating) waterproofing

It is a thin, no more than 2mm, multilayer coating of bituminous and polymer paints and varnishes. Designed for anti-corrosion and anti-capillary protection of reinforced concrete and metal structures.

There are two types of coating waterproofing:

Cold - based on epoxy rubber resins.

Hot - using bitumen-polymer varnishes.

Operating procedure:

Before applying the insulating composition, the surface is cleaned of dust, drips and traces of corrosion, and degreased. Apply a primer of bitumen liquid mastic in two layers.

Then the floor is painted with bitumen or polymer varnish with a brush and roller. The result is a fairly thin layer of 2mm thickness to protect against corrosion and fungi.

The method of painting waterproofing has become increasingly practiced recently with the advent of new moisture-resistant materials with higher protective characteristics, simplicity and ease of use.

Materials containing bitumen are inexpensive and quite simple to work with, but their service life is within 5 - 6 years, with low temperatures bitumen becomes brittle.

In this regard, various bitumen-based polymers are preferable: bitumen-rubber and bitumen-polymer compositions.

Pasted waterproofing

made from rolls and sheet materials, which are glued in 3-4 layers to a surface treated with primer. There are three types of adhesive waterproofing:

Bitumen-polymer - isoplast, filizol, armobitel, bikroplast, ecarbite.
Bitumen roll - folgoizol hydrostekloizol, insulation, hydroisol, roofing felt.
Polymer - polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, synthetic rubber, hydrobutyl.

When choosing a material, it should be taken into account that the softening temperature of bitumen and polymers should exceed the air temperature by 25 degrees. The waterproofing layer is protected from mechanical loads using a concrete screed or brick structure. If you do protective structure is impossible, then you should choose another method of waterproofing.

Work order:

A layer of bitumen mastic 1mm thick is applied to a clean, dry surface.
The roll is rolled out and secured.
To obtain a multilayer coating, a mastic layer is applied again and covered with a rolled roll, and so on. required amount once. At the final stage of floor insulation work, the edges of the rolls are treated with moisture-proof putty with polymer additives.

The temperature of the air, building materials and treated surfaces when performing waterproofing work is not lower than +10C.

This waterproofing is suitable for protecting concrete and wooden floors.

The pasting method is still widespread, but is gradually giving way to new waterproofing technologies. This method has serious disadvantages: preparatory surface treatment, high labor intensity of installation, a strong persistent odor, inconvenient dimensions and heavy weight rolls At the joints and junctions of the parapet and the wall, seams and kinks inevitably appear, which subsequently become sources of leaks. Roll materials not resistant to temperature fluctuations and the action of microorganisms.

Plaster waterproofing

Materials for plaster waterproofing are cement mortars and polymer mixtures. Obvious advantages of plaster waterproofing: ease of installation and the possibility of wide application.

Work order:

The floor surface is cleaned and, if necessary, leveled, primed and dried. A solution of cement and sand is prepared in a ratio of 1:2.
The first layer of plaster, 10–15 mm thick, is applied with a brush or spatula, covering the walls and carefully finishing the corners.
After 15 minutes, when the plaster has dried, the next 3-4 layers are applied in the same way. Mechanical stress on the plaster coating should be avoided for two days.
During the hardening process, the plaster layer is not allowed to dry out. On the first day, the insulating coating is moistened with water from a spray bottle every 3 hours, and then 2-3 times for two weeks.

Such waterproofing is widely used to protect reinforced concrete structures. For waterproofing, hot and cold asphalt mastics and mortars, and cement shotcrete are also used, which are laid without protective edges and allow the work process to be mechanized. Polymer cement coatings and colloidal cement mortars have proven themselves well. When working with waterproofing compounds, you should strictly follow the instructions for use.

Plaster waterproofing is durable and goes well with other finishing materials, for example, ceramic tiles.

Floor waterproofing on the balcony

As a rule, the area of a balcony or loggia is small, and new effective hydrophobic building mixtures They are easy to use, so it is quite possible to waterproof the floor on a balcony or loggia yourself. The main thing is to strictly follow the technological chain and handle the material correctly.

You can waterproof the floor on the balcony yourself different ways and materials, depending on the condition of the floor and the homeowner’s readiness for physical and financial costs. If there is already something outdated on the balcony that has fallen into disrepair, waterproofing coating, then it is removed, and if it is under the screed, then the screed is also dismantled. Sometimes, you can get by with half measures and waterproof the balcony over the topcoat, but this gives a temporary effect and spoils appearance balcony It is best to initially select materials good quality and make a strong waterproofing.

Types of floor waterproofing on the balcony

First you need to make sure that on the balcony normal conditions for drainage. The reverse slope (towards the wall) of the balcony slab and damage is eliminated using a screed made of cement and sand, taken in a ratio of 1:3. The concrete solution is applied to the surface of the balcony slab, previously cleaned of dust and dirt and moistened. Leveling is done at an angle of 1-2° with a slope to the outside of the balcony.

Apply over the screed waterproofing mixture to protect the balcony floor from the negative effects of moisture.

If there is no problem with a reverse slope and severe damage to the concrete slab, then you can do without a screed, just limit yourself to waterproofing the floor. It is very important to choose a high-quality and durable waterproofing material with high moisture resistance, heat resistance, strength, elasticity, resistance to acid rain, ultraviolet radiation, microorganisms, and mechanical loads.

Painting waterproofing with hydrophobic mastic is a simple, convenient and profitable method. For waterproofing the balcony floor, a suitable option would be Hyperdesmo polyurethane mastic. Service life 25 years. Hyperdesmo retains its properties at temperatures from 50 to +100°. This mastic adheres well to all surfaces and is easy to apply. Hyperdesmo is a one-component composition, easy to apply with a brush or roller.

Hyperdesmo waterproofing technology:

The base is cleaned of dust and dirt.
Cracks, seams, joints between the slab and the wall are sealed polyurethane sealant(Rubberflex, Emphymastica PU-15).
The surface of the balcony slab is first treated with a primer (Universal).
The mastic is laid in two layers.
To control the quality of the coating, it is recommended to make layers of contrasting colors. The second layer of mastic is applied after complete polymerization of the previous layer. Coat all joints with mastic.
The result is a seamless coating. Hyperdesmo mastic takes 6-8 hours to harden.
If you plan to lay tiles on top of Hyperdesmo, then to obtain high-quality adhesion to tile adhesive upper layer immediately sprinkle with quartz sand without waiting for it to dry. Excess sand is removed with a vacuum cleaner or broom. The result is a rough surface. The tiles are glued on top of this layer with tile adhesive and pressed on top with a weight for greater strength.

Compared to rolled lining materials, mastic waterproofing of a balcony is more expensive. But the service life of roll waterproofing is on average 2-3 years, then it begins to leak through delamination and swelling.

An example of balcony waterproofing technology

The balcony on the second floor of the cottage is leaking. The floor is covered with ceramic tiles, water penetrates through the seams and floods the veranda from below.

Stages of waterproofing work:

Complete dismantling of tiles, screed and old waterproofing layer.
Laying a new screed.
A layer of thermal insulation.
Flooring for waterproofing made of OSB boards. Primer treatment.
Applying the first layer of polyurethane mastic, starting from the wall to a height of 15cm. Bonding geotextiles.
Applying a second layer of mastic.
Treatment with a polymer binder and coating with chips.
Finishing with structural light-resistant varnish.

Loggia waterproofing

Work on insulation and moisture protection of the loggia takes place in parallel and consists of several stages: glazing the loggia, waterproofing brick or concrete partitions, floors and roofs.

The most efficient insulation and waterproofing material for lintels and walls is foil-coated polystyrene foam. This material is glued with a special frost- and moisture-resistant construction mixture. For even greater protection from moisture, this coating is treated with a waterproofing compound. The choice of material depends on the structure of the surface being processed. Penetrating compounds are used on concrete bases. Coating compounds are used for waterproofing brick, stone, and polyurethane surfaces. Coating or elastic mixtures are suitable for partitions.

Operating procedure:

The surface of the partition is moistened.
Apply the first layer of coating composition evenly to 1 mm with a brush.
After six hours, a second layer of waterproofing is applied perpendicular to the first.
Reinforced mesh is used for tile joints.

As a result, an elastic coating is formed that completely eliminates the penetration of moisture.

Waterproofing the loggia ceiling

Defective areas that allow water to pass through are identified.
The weak cracked concrete layer is removed. The base must be clean and strong.
Cracks and interpanel seams sealed with a special polyurethane sealant. For large cracks, use foam without toluene or polyethylene sealant.
Use a metal brush to clean the ceiling from dust, dirt, old paint and grease stains.
After that, a penetrating waterproofing mixture is used to protect concrete coatings from water, frost and cracks. It happens various types and contains special additives, sand and cement. The mixture is capable of penetrating 9 cm deep into concrete and forming internal solid crystals with moisture-proof properties.
The ceiling is moistened and covered with a penetrating mixture using a brush. After the solution has set, the process is repeated again.
The penetrating waterproofing agent is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes, so gloves and safety glasses should be worn. Within 3 days, the surface is moistened with a spray bottle and covered plastic film without allowing it to dry out.
For more reliable hydro- and thermal insulation, polystyrene foam boards are installed using construction adhesive and fastening fittings. The tile joints are filled polyurethane foam without toluene and glued with tape.

Waterproofing the loggia floor

Waterproofing the loggia floor is especially necessary for apartments on the ground floor. This waterproofing serves as a barrier against moisture penetrating from the basement or ground.

Sealing seams.
The coating is cleaned and moistened with water.
Primary treatment with a penetrating composition.
After drying, re-wet and treat with a penetrating mixture.
Laying foil vapor barrier overlapping.
Spread out a wooden beam.
Attaching OSB boards with self-tapping screws to the timber.
Installation of flooring.

After finishing capital waterproofing start finishing work.

How to waterproof a loggia floor

Bituminous materials: Elastopaz, Rapidflex, Elastomix are intended exclusively for waterproofing and do not withstand intense mechanical loads and are not particularly aesthetically pleasing, as they resemble black rubber. Therefore, it is arranged on top of the waterproofing concrete screed or other supporting material (plywood, chipboard, etc.). When installing the floor, the waterproofing is covered with geotextile to protect against mechanical damage.

To make the waterproofing of the floor look beautiful and you can walk on it, use InoPaz mastic from Tekhnoprok LLC.

Polyurethane composition for floor waterproofing Inopaz - two-component mastic with an activator on water based. The liquid activator is poured into a container with mastic and mixed. It is recommended to use the mixture within two hours. The mastic is poured onto the floor and leveled. Consumption - 3kg/per sq.m. The result is a polyurethane screed white, seamless, waterproof, abrasion-resistant and pleasant to the touch.

Penetrating materials "Penetron" effectively protect concrete structures from moisture. Moreover, the more moisture gets on the floor treated with Penetron, the stronger the protection.

Waterproofing the kitchen floor

The kitchen is an area with high humidity, as there is plumbing, a dishwasher and a washing machine.

Waterproofing a kitchen floor can be done in several ways:

Pasted waterproofing in rolls based on bitumen: Uniflex, roofing felt, Technoelast. A concrete screed is laid on top.
Painting waterproofing using bitumen-based mastics: Hydrolux, Elastomix, Elastopaz. A cement screed is also laid on top of several insulating layers.
Plaster waterproofing based on cement-polymer mortars: Tokan, SK-106GB, Master Barrier, on top of which tiles are glued.
Polyurethane mastic waterproofing: Hyperdesmo, REAMAST-LS, easy to apply, fast drying, provides reliable waterproofing.

Waterproofing the kitchen floor in a panel house

According to construction technology, floor slabs in panel houses are smooth only on the ceiling side, the floor surface is uneven and lumpy. A screed is made to level the floor. Before laying the screed, the concrete base is thoroughly dust-free, moistened or primed. Before laying the screed in the kitchen, be sure to waterproof the floor in order to completely eliminate cracks and prevent water leakage.

Waterproofing the floor under a cement screed is carried out using the coating or pasting method. The basic rule when waterproofing a floor is to create a pocket: treating the base of the room with an overlap of 10 cm on the walls. If the waterproofing is adjacent to the threshold, then it is brought into the corridor another 30 cm.

One of the options for waterproofing the floor in the kitchen is roll film (waterproofing, polyisobutylene, PVC film). Rolls are laid with an overlap of 20cm. All joints, seams and connections to walls are treated with rubber-bitumen mastic. After pouring the screed, all excess rolls are trimmed.

Another effective method kitchen floor waterproofing - treatment with a penetrating mixture. According to the instructions on the package, the mixture is diluted with water and applied thin layer on a concrete base, with the second layer perpendicular to the first. The result is a seamless waterproof coating. To activate the water-repellent properties, the insulating layer is moistened for two days. Then the screed is laid.

Waterproofing for heated floors in the kitchen

Waterproofing for heated floors in the kitchen must meet increased quality standards and safety standards.

Absolute water and vapor tightness.
Hydrophobicity.
High adhesive properties.
Heat resistance.
Inert to the action of chemicals.

Waterproofing a kitchen floor in a private house

Waterproofing the floor in a kitchen in a private house has its own characteristics. Capillary moisture from groundwater penetrates into concrete, wood or porcelain stoneware, has a destructive effect on the structure building materials. In such cases, 2 types of waterproofing are used at once: backfill and lining. A sand and gravel cushion up to half a meter thick is created under the floor, which is closed roll waterproofing with an overlap of 10 cm on the wall. The next layer is a concrete screed, and the final layer is the floor covering. It is recommended to waterproof the floor in a private house in all rooms, regardless of their purpose, in order to avoid high humidity air, damage to floor coverings.

A reliable barrier to the drop that wears away the stone

Waterproofing is a type of construction and repair work that requires serious consideration and careful implementation. High-quality materials, a competent choice of waterproofing method and work done conscientiously are a guarantee reliable protection houses from dampness for many years.

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Sealing and waterproofing are mandatory measures that follow the repair of a balcony or loggia. When a balcony leaks and water pours inside it, moisture causes damage. internal surfaces and insulation, if available. This negates all efforts on insulation and finishing.

In this article we will discuss what actions can be taken to insulate balconies and loggias, and what materials can be used. In addition, you will learn about the necessary preparatory work.

Materials for waterproofing and sealing. Preparatory work

First, let's figure out what the difference is between waterproofing and sealing.

Waterproofing is the protection of a ceiling or balcony slab from leaks: sealing all cracks that may form at seams, joints and cracks. In addition, the concept of “waterproofing” also includes protection of the surfaces themselves from moisture using special coatings.

Sealing is the subsequent treatment of seams and joints with special sealing compounds that have undergone waterproofing procedures. All seams and gaps of the constructed glazing structure of a loggia or balcony are also treated. Next, we will tell you how to independently organize sealing and waterproofing of a balcony or loggia.

Materials for insulation and sealing

How to cover up or seal leaks? The most commonly used is the following:

Elastic coatings - usually based on bitumen. Used as a waterproofing layer under rolls roofing materials.
Polymer - made on the basis of polyurethane, have high elasticity. These are various mounting foams and sealing compounds.
Rolls are bitumen-based flat roofing materials. Glassine, roofing felt and the like.

Preparatory work

Preparations for sealing are carried out simultaneously with preparations for balcony repairs. Speaking of the question “who should repair the balcony.” You can involve housing and communal services in repairing the balcony slab, but you will have to deal with its roof, walls and parapet yourself.

We inspect the surfaces: places where water flows are determined visually. The ceiling may show dried water stains, blistering paint, and/or traces of mold in areas of leakage. We will seal them. We are looking for the same thing on the underside of the load-bearing slab. Along the way, we examine it for destruction. Then we begin repair work.

Leak on the balcony: localization of places requiring waterproofing and sealing

During the repair process, we check the slope of the balcony slab. It should be 2-3 C° from the wall of the house. This will ensure water drainage and will not accumulate on the stove. If for some reason there is no slope, then we eliminate this drawback.

Mix a mixture of cement and sand in a ratio of 3/2, the screed should be thick enough and not spread. We spread the mixture onto the surface of the slab and distribute it using the rule so that the layer near the wall is thicker. Using a level, we check the resulting angle and adjust it to 2-3 C°. The thickness of the screed should not exceed 4-4.5 cm.

How to waterproof a balcony: organizing the slope of the slab

Note:when laying cement screed needs to be organized expansion joints where the slab meets the wall of the house. This will compensate for the expansion and contraction of the screed under the influence of temperature changes. The width of the seams should be 10-12 mm.

If the balcony is very long, then additional “forced” seams are made along the slope of the slab. On a narrow and long balcony they are located every three meters, on a wide one every 2m2. They can be made both when laying the screed layer, and cut after it hardens.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of a loggia: expansion joint

Waterproofing and sealing

The work for open and closed balconies is different, so here we will describe them separately. A description of the roof insulation will also be given in a separate paragraph.

Insulation and sealing of an open balcony

After the screed has completely hardened (14 days), we will organize waterproofing of all seams injection materials based on polyurethane. Alternatively, the seam can be sealed by inserting an elastic band into it. It is pressed into the seam, and everything is sealed with waterproofing compound on top. This is what it looks like:

Waterproofing a loggia with your own hands: laying an elastic cord in expansion joints

After the waterproofing has hardened, we begin sealing. The sealant is used in the same way as waterproofing, based on polyurethane, applied with a spatula. Next, the entire surface of the slab is coated with a composition that reduces water absorption by concrete.

Balcony sealing: fully sealed seam

We isolate a closed balcony or loggia

Sealing the seams of the load-bearing slab is done in exactly the same way as described above. The seams of the walls and ceiling of the loggia, which have cracks, are passed from the inside with polyurethane foam. After it has completely hardened, remove excess material using a knife or metal spatula, and treat the seams with a sealing compound.

Waterproofing the balcony ceiling from the inside: foaming the cracks

In addition, a layer of waterproofing material is laid under the insulation of the loggia floor. For this purpose, special membranes or ordinary cellophane film are used. The material is laid with an overlap at joints of 15 cm and overlapping walls of 10 cm.

Waterproofing the loggia from the inside: laying the material

Waterproofing of the parapet and sides of the balcony is organized by laying a layer of material with inside, under a layer of insulation and Decoration Materials. Under exterior finishing Balcony vapor barrier is being installed. If this is a loggia with a parapet and concrete walls, then we do not do a vapor barrier.

Note:You cannot lay a second layer of waterproofing when insulating. If water somehow gets inside, it will not be able to dry, which will lead to an increase in the thermal conductivity of the insulation and its further deterioration.

Now let's start sealing. We use a special compound to go through all the joints and seams from the inside and outside balcony or loggia, which we previously waterproofed. This is done using a spatula. Do not forget about the glazing of the balcony; when sealing, we pay special attention to the places where the frames are attached to the parapet and roof.

We seal the balcony after glazing. IN difficult places we use sealants in syringes

Work on sealing the roof of a balcony or loggia

If this is a balcony, then the roof is most likely based on a metal or wooden frame. Everything is simple here. First, we apply a compound from the inside to seal the joints between the sheets of roofing material, then we lay a layer of waterproofing material under the sheathing.

DIY sealing and waterproofing: roofing

We foam the joint between the roofing material and the wall of the house from the outside, and after the material has dried, we coat it with a sealing compound. Next, we attach a strip of tin or aluminum above this joint, and also seal the connection between the metal and the wall.

How to eliminate the possibility of a balcony roof leaking: sealing the joints with the wall

The roof of the loggia, if it is concrete slab, requires preliminary organization of a slope from the wall. This is done differently than in the case of the load-bearing slab of an open balcony. Further actions will be like this:

We lay a layer of vapor barrier.
A layer of insulation if further insulation of the loggia is planned.
We make a cement-sand screed and apply a layer of bitumen waterproofing.
We lay roll roofing materials - some type of roofing felt.
Now an additional layer of roofing material.
Using self-tapping screws, we attach the edge strip 50mm wide. It should grip the edge of the roofing material.
The upper edge of the slats is treated with bitumen sealant.

What to do to seal and waterproof the loggia roof: roofing pie.