The construction of any house sooner or later comes to the stage of laying rough floors. Some people prefer to pour concrete floors for later installation tiles, but what about those who plan to lay other coverings? For parquet board, laminate or linoleum, it is not necessary to pour a concrete base, and pouring a concrete base is not advisable in every type of house. In frame houses, houses made of timber or logs, as a rule, floor joists are made of wood, and pouring a concrete base is not cheap, and sometimes it is simply impossible.
What sheet material should be chosen for organizing subfloors for those who do not plan to lay tiled flooring? Most often they use regular or moisture resistant plywood or OSB OSB boards. These materials are quite reliable, but still have a number of disadvantages:
. Plywood, suitable for laying subfloors of thickness, has quite large dimensions and is difficult to lay in one piece.
. Even moisture resistant plywood susceptible to environmental humidity, and as a result it deforms and bends, which complicates installation.
. Between sheets of plywood When laying, it is necessary to leave a gap into which a lot of construction debris gets clogged.
. Sheet edges plywood should not hang freely, but must be secured to the logs. As a result, a large number of undercuts may be required.
. Material cost good quality quite high.
Sometimes thick layers are used to lay the subfloor. OSB sheets or OSB. They have the same disadvantages as plywood sheets, but are slightly cheaper. Disadvantages that are characteristic only of sheets OSB:
. Heterogeneous surface.
. Heterogeneous structure (some areas of the leaf differ in density).
Most suitable sheet material for laying the subfloor at the moment is tongue and groove OSB board. This material does not have the disadvantages of plywood sheets. The geometric dimensions do not differ significantly, the material is not susceptible to moisture, there is no need to leave a gap, and the edges are inserted into the groove and securely fixed, forming a strong and absolutely flat base. tongue and groove OSB board Installs much faster than plywood, and the result is much better.
What material to choose for someone who wants to lay tiles on a floor with wooden joists? Cement particle board (CPB) is perfect for these purposes. This material is heavy and rigid, making it an ideal base for a tiled floor. At the same time, laying such a subfloor is much easier than pouring a concrete screed.
Thanks to such modern materials, like tongue and groove, moisture resistant OSB board and cement particle board, it is possible to choose any flooring for any type of house. Creating comfort in your home has now become much easier.
Smooth floors are the key long term services flooring and the absence of distortions in furniture and other interior items standing on the base. Achieving a perfectly flat floor surface in an apartment is not so difficult if you know how to do it. Many will immediately remember about pouring, but the base can be leveled without using this time-consuming and costly method. You can use GVL for the floor, which is especially important for those types of bases that are contraindicated for high loads.
Before we talk about how to level floors using gypsum fiber board, you should take a closer look at this material. The abbreviation "GVL" stands for gypsum fiber sheet. Unlike drywall, the material does not have a cardboard shell. It is not difficult to guess that GVL is a material based on gypsum mixed with various modifying and reinforcing additives, including ordinary cellulose. Each sheet is impregnated with a water-repellent agent, which acts as a kind of primer. The result of the entire production technology is large or medium-sized white sheets that have a uniform structure, are quite strong and reliable, non-flammable and have low thermal conductivity.
On a note! Interestingly, gypsum fiber sheet is a kind of “descendant” of dry plaster.
GVL is often confused with drywall, but these are two different materials. The first is significantly superior to the second in its technical characteristics - for example, in density. After manufacturing, each gypsum fiber board sheet undergoes a series of tests for suitability and absence of defects, only after which the material receives a certificate of conformity, which can be requested from the seller upon purchase.
Information on the purpose of the material
After GVL first saw the light, it found wide application in various construction fields. The material is also suitable for flooring - it is used to create a dry screed, which differs from the traditional one in that it does not require a long drying time and can be used even where the load on the floors should not be significant.
Gypsum fiber sheets are used for arranging subfloors both over concrete floors and over those made of wooden materials, can also be laid on top of finished cement screed for additional alignment. A GVL-based screed or sheets simply laid on top of the finished base will allow you to immediately begin laying the finished floor covering.
On a note! GVL screed is ideal for laying laminate, carpet, parquet and linoleum.
GVL is not only a leveling material, but also a sound-insulating and, to some extent, heat-saving material. However, at the same time, it “breathes” perfectly, that is, it allows air to pass through, which means it helps maintain an optimal microclimate in the room. The material is also able to absorb excess moisture in the air of the room.
Another important advantage of GVL is the possibility of installing floor heating systems, either water or electric, and combining them with it. The density of the sheets allows this to be done, and it is enough to use sheets with a thickness of only 10-12 mm. The material does not deform or collapse under the influence of temperature.
Note! GVL is used not only for arranging floors, but also for covering walls, ceilings, decorating windows or doorways, for creating boxes for communications, internal partitions in rooms.
Material Specifications
Some information about what gypsum fiber sheet is is given above in the article, but the material has certain characteristics.
Table. Technical characteristics of gypsum fiber sheets.
On a note! The length, width and thickness of gypsum fiber sheets may differ from those indicated in the table.
Sheets are used for a gypsum fiber base different sizes. For example, there are standard sheets that look like ordinary drywall. Their dimensions are 1200x1500 mm. Their dimensions are determined by GOST R 51829-2001. They are also suitable for creating interior partitions. To create a flat base, small-format sheets can be used, which are two sheets securely fastened together using special glue. ordinary sheet. In this case, the central axes of the sheets cannot coincide with each other; they will necessarily be displaced, due to which folds are formed - one of the simple options for a locking system that facilitates installation and provides a simple and convenient connection of several floor elements. The sizes of small-format sheets are 1200x600 and 1500x500 mm.
GOST R 51829-2001. Gypsum fiber sheets. Technical conditions. Downloadable file (click the link to open the PDF in a new window).
On a note! When leveling subfloors, sheets of different sizes can be used. The first layer is usually created from a small-format version, and standard gypsum fiber sheets are laid as the second.
Advantages and disadvantages of GVL slabs
Like any other material, gypsum fiber board has its pros and cons, which will certainly affect the decision - to choose or not to choose this floor leveling option in each specific case.
Advantages of using GVL:
- versatility of the material;
- ease of installation;
- environmental friendliness;
- high speed of work and the ability to continue repairs immediately after installation;
- waste-free installation;
- high strength and the ability to withstand significant loads;
- ability to withstand exposure to moisture;
- non-flammability, absence of deformation processes when exposed to temperature.
Disadvantages of GVL slabs:
- a sufficiently large mass that requires inviting another person to help;
- fragility during installation if the material is handled incorrectly;
- significant cost.
There are now a lot of fakes on the construction market, and therefore it is important to purchase gypsum fiber boards only from trusted manufacturers and with certificates confirming quality and compliance with GOST requirements.
Types of GVL slabs
GVL sheets, according to their technical characteristics, are divided into two types - moisture resistant and ordinary, standard. Conventional ones are used more often for all work performed indoors, the main thing is that the rooms have dry air and optimal temperature conditions. But moisture-resistant ones, which are labeled as GVLV, have a special impregnation, which makes it possible to use the material in rooms that do not have optimal air humidity - bathrooms, saunas, ground floors etc.
Important! When purchasing moisture-resistant sheets, you should check all the elements of the material in the pack for markings indicating that the sheet is moisture-resistant, since careless sellers can easily shuffle gypsum plasterboard with gypsum plasterboard, which is not always noticeable immediately upon purchase, but is revealed after delivery material in place. It is unlikely that those who carry out repair work will need the extra hassle of exchanging sheets.
Dry screed technology
Since GVL is most often used specifically to create a dry version of the screed, let’s consider what it is and what it consists of. Typically, the installation of this type of base begins with laying polystyrene foam - an insulating material. It is usually laid on a bedding, for example, expanded clay.
There are three main types of screed that can be made using gypsum fiber sheets.
IN general outline dry screed consists of several layers. Its structure is like this.
- Vapor barrier/waterproofing layer– the lowest, preventing the penetration of moisture coming from the ceiling to subfloor. Polyethylene with a thickness of at least 200 microns can be used as waterproofing on a concrete floor, and glassine is best suited for a wooden floor. By the way, vapor barrier is usually used only on upper floors, on the ground floor it is better to use it waterproofing materials, since there is much more moisture there.
- Expansion gasket, which is a tape fixed around the perimeter of the entire room near the floor. It can be made of foam film, isolon and other materials. The material compensates for any expansion of the base that occurs due to changes in humidity and temperature. This tape also provides additional noise absorption. Its excess, protruding above the level of the laid gypsum fiber boards, is cut off after installation is completed.
- Leveling layer, which will be made from gypsum fiber board or other leveling materials (for example, plywood).
- GVL slabs act as pre-finish floor finishing. They can be additionally laid on top of plywood or other leveling material. The material is attached to the base with self-tapping screws or using special glue.
On a note! If the floors have height differences of 10 cm or more, then it is necessary to install a third layer of gypsum fiber board, which has exactly the same thickness as the previous two in total.
Some information about the use of the material
In order to correctly lay gypsum fiber board on the floor, you need to know some nuances that will ensure an excellent final result of the work. For example, special sheets with a thickness of 10 mm are produced for floors - it is better to use them. Before laying gypsum fiber board sheets, it is important to pour a layer of expanded clay onto the base. It will provide additional leveling of the floor and help insulate the base. This is the most affordable and cheap option. The optimal size of expanded clay fractions is 5 mm.
Also, guides are mounted on the base, which play two roles:
- guideline when adding base. In this case, expanded clay is poured to the edges of the guides, compacted and leveled using a long rule;
- support for gypsum fiber sheets. The installation will be more professional if the material has support and places for fastening.
If the installation of GVL will be carried out on wooden base, then it is important to properly prepare such floors beforehand. Preparation includes checking the floorboards for strength and, if necessary, replacing them. The floor is screeded if there are significant gaps between the individual elements. Although some craftsmen do not screed, arguing that if there are cracks, the floors will be better ventilated. So you can avoid this stage.
Also, GVL sheets on a wooden base must be laid in two layers, which will make the base reliable and durable. GVL sheets are usually mounted on wood if it is necessary to lay a floor covering that is demanding on the evenness of the base - for example, ceramic tiles, laminate In other cases, the wooden base may not be leveled. The gypsum plasterboard layers are fixed in the following way: the first one is attached with self-tapping screws, and the second one is mounted on the first one using PVA glue (in this case, excess glue protruding between the seams is immediately removed). However, it would not be a bad idea to secure it with self-tapping screws. The two layers must be laid apart so that the seams do not coincide with each other. You need to move the sheets by about 20-30 cm. This will ensure that the base is as strong as possible.
Important! When laying gypsum fiber board sheets, it is important to ensure that the gaps between the sheets are not more than 2 mm. Also, if laminate or carpet is used as the finishing coating, the cracks must be puttied.
And one more condition that must be met during the installation of gypsum fiber board sheets if they have folds. At the extreme row, located near the walls, they should be trimmed. Moreover, trimming is done on already laid sheets.
Selection of material for internal wall cladding wooden house is of great importance for creating comfortable interior and a healthy microclimate in the home.
In any case, when building a house or renovating, it is worth deciding what is preferable:
- plastering walls (with preliminary cleaning of them from old coatings) - “wet” method;
- “dry” method - covering the walls with sheet materials, or, as an option, covering with panels: plastic, MDF, wood, etc.
The wet method is labor- and material-intensive, with a large amount of dust and dirt. You can stop there if the residents and furniture have moved out of the premises being repaired. But, on the other hand, when plastered, the walls will become monolithic, and insects and rodents will not be able to live in them.
The dry method is faster and cleaner - you can renovate a room and live in it at the same time. To protect the walls from insects and rodents penetrating under the panels, you should not leave empty spaces between the wall and the cladding, filling them with materials that rodents are not friendly with, for example, basalt wool. 
For the internal cladding of the walls of wooden houses, mainly sheet materials (fibreboard, plasterboard, etc.) are usually used. wooden lining or various polymer panels.
This finishing method reduces the volume of the room, but this method can insulate the room and increase its noise protection.
When choosing materials for the dry finishing method, it is necessary to take into account the functional purpose of the premises and the performance properties of the material used.
For example, in living rooms It is advisable to use plasterboard boards followed by wallpapering or painting them with adhesives.
Plastic and wallpaper with an artificial component are not suitable for residential premises, as well as materials made using resins and formaldehydes, which are exposed to sun rays may release toxic substances.
When purchasing materials, you should follow the markings, which indicate: E1 (intended for residential premises), E2 (for hallways, kitchens, toilets, utility rooms) or E3 (for production premises).
To decorate the walls and install suspended ceilings in the corridor and hallway with a significant height of the room, you can use particle boards or fibreboards, plywood, all types of wood and panels offered by modern trade.
It is recommended to decorate rooms where high humidity is possible with waterproof materials; for example, in bathrooms, walls are covered with plastic panels to protect the walls from high humidity. Suitable materials are those that are not afraid of washing with a hard brush and detergents.
A lot can be said about the advantages of certain modern finishing materials. Wood is considered a good finishing material, which has no equal from an economic, aesthetic and biological point of view.
Lining
The wood is easy to cut, plan and sand. It has a wide palette of color shades and texture patterns. In addition, it has good heat and sound insulation, and with skillful and correct fastening will last for many years.
The energy of wood contributes to improving mood and creating a comfortable atmosphere, although among different breeds wood, there are energy flows of different directions and intensity. For interior work, there is a special range of linings that have different widths and profile. 
A distinctive feature and, at the same time, the advantage of lining is its practicality and versatility. Installation of the lining can be carried out both horizontally and vertically.
To make lining, it is better to use carefully dried wood; the surface can remain untreated, or it can be perfectly smooth - it all depends on the wishes of the owner of the room, the designer’s imagination, and the style of the interior. In terms of versatility, lining is truly a unique material.
When choosing lining and the type of wood from which it is made, focus, first of all, on the type of room. So, if the room is ventilated and “dried” regularly and sufficiently, then you can choose almost any type of wood that you like. On the contrary, when decorating baths, saunas, bathrooms, dressing rooms, focus on deciduous wood - oak, linden, alder...
Eurolining, despite external associations with the lining we described above, is practically a new European “invention”. This one is from the lining finishing material has a number of tangible advantages. 
The first is compliance with strict European (primarily German) quality standards, which in itself is a convincing argument in its favor.
The eurolining is additionally equipped with a moisture removal and ventilation system in the form of a groove specially designed for this purpose. This solution allows for increased durability of both the lining itself and the main wall of the house. Distortion of the sheathing due to swelling of wood fibers in rooms with high humidity is also eliminated.
The ideally smooth and pleasant-to-touch surface of the eurolining is coated with special compounds in production, which makes it possible not to carry out additional processing, as is the case with conventional lining. At the same time, the wood texture, unique to each species, remains the center of attention.
Thanks to its unique decorative properties and composition, high-quality eurolining creates a healthy microclimate, comfort and special coziness in the house.
Plastic lining has a huge colorful spectrum, thanks to which interesting color solutions. Walls lined with plastic lining are easy to care for and very simple to install. At the same time, there are disadvantages - plastic is subjected to even light mechanical stress, which means that such clapboard cladding will not last long, and its environmental friendliness is low.
Block house
Blockhouse is an excellent building material. If you need to create a rustic-style interior or decorate the outside of a country house or cottage, you need to buy a blockhouse. 
This is the name given to decorative lining, which is used for finishing rooms inside and outside.
The blockhouse is a board with a cylindrical outer surface and a tongue-and-groove fastening system. The result of installation is a surface that imitates log masonry.
The blockhouse is installed simply and quickly, and thanks to the perfectly processed surface, the surface decorated with the blockhouse looks very beautiful. 
Producing a block house from wood coniferous species. They are little exposed to environmental influences, are environmentally friendly, and have excellent heat-insulating properties.
There are several varieties of this material, which differ in surface quality and, accordingly, in price. The "Extra" grade blockhouse has absolutely flat surface. Defects are not allowed on it: chips, cracks, knots.
The wood for the production of this type of blockhouse is manually sorted. 
A cheaper variety is “Classic”. The presence of knots on the surface of the blockhouse is acceptable.
The “Economy” variety has a small number of fallen knots and small cracks on the surface.
Blockhouse is used for finishing surfaces of any type: brick, concrete, block, wood. When cladding facades, a wider blockhouse is used, a narrow one is used for finishing small buildings. Surfaces finished with blockhouse will last a long time without losing their appearance and properties.
The price of a blockhouse is quite reasonable, which makes it even more popular. Without much expense, with the help of a blockhouse you can radically change your home, decorating it in the best traditions of Russian national housing.
Chipboard(chipboard) is made by hot pressing wood shavings with binder thermoactive resins, which make up 6-18% by weight of the shavings. Resins are environmentally unsafe because they contain formaldehyde, which is harmful to humans.
Based on the content of this substance, chipboards are divided into classes E1 and E2. Class E1 is more environmentally friendly; it is approved for use in the production of even children's furniture. Entirely lined chipboards do not pose any harm to health; only open edges have a harmful effect.
New technologies make it possible to produce Super E class slabs, which are considered safe according to all sanitary standards. In general, the material is characterized by a fairly high density, low cost and ease of processing. 
Chipboard is sheathed on walls, roofs, partitions, floors are made, and used as a base for linoleum and carpeting.
Advantages of chipboard:
- wide range of colors, patterns, thickness;
- easy to process;
- homogeneity of structure
. Disadvantages of chipboard:
- does not hold screws and nails well, especially during reassembly;
- vulnerable to moisture;
- contains carcinogens (for example, melamine).
Fiberboard(Fibreboard) or hardboard - constructive wood material, produced by grinding and splitting wood (or other plant materials) into a fibrous mass, casting slabs from it, pressing and drying them.
There are fiberboards: super-hard, hard, semi-hard, insulating and finishing, insulating.
To improve performance properties, additives are introduced: hydrophobic substances (paraffin, rosin), substances that increase strength ( synthetic resins), antiseptics.
There are 2 ways to produce fiberboard:
- wet - without adding a binder;
- dry, requiring the introduction of 4-8% synthetic resin into the crushed wood. 
With the dry method, the fibrous mass is dried before molding.
Various emulsions (paraffin, resin, oil) and precipitants (aluminum sulfate) are introduced into the fibrous mass to impart water resistance. The slabs are formed on casting machines. Slab dimensions (in mm): length from 1200 to 3600, width from 1000 to 1800, thickness from 3 to 8.
Laminated hardboard is also produced, which has a durable, beautiful front side.
Fiberboard is used in residential and industrial construction for heat and sound insulation of roofs, interfloor ceilings, walls, for finishing premises, etc. Fiberboard is especially widely used in low-rise, township and rural construction, in standard housing construction, as well as in the production of furniture and containers.
Soft fiberboard or softboard
Soft fiberboard or softboard is made from softwood fibers. The production process of this material consists of three main stages. The wood is first split, and then the resulting fibers are processed and pressed, resulting in soft fiberboard boards.
Soft fiberboard has low thermal conductivity (0.042 W/m*K) and quite high specific heat capacity(2.3kJ/kg*K).
As a result of this combination, the majority (70%) of the material is occupied by air, which is known to be a good heat insulator. As a result, the price of soft fiberboard is much lower, but the reliability in operation is similar to such a proven building material as wood. 
Consumers who have used a heat insulator invariably mention in their reviews that it works on the principle of a wooden house, keeping it warm in cold weather and cool in warm weather.
An additional advantage of softboards is reliable protection against mold formation due to the high vapor permeability of the material. This means that even in bathhouses, saunas and other rooms with high humidity, you can use a softboard.
All reviews about this experience of using this heat and sound insulator are only positive. Using soft fiberboard boards, the price of which is lower than other thermal insulation and finishing materials, is also beneficial due to significant savings on special antiseptic coatings to combat mold, and due to a longer service life compared to other materials. 
In the production of HFPM (soft), the use of a binder is not necessary, since lignins (natural substances that make up wood) glue the wood pulp together at high temperatures.
The result is a fiber board with a felt-like structure and good thermal insulation properties. The slab is quite strong, it is attached to the walls using various household adhesives directly to the surface of the walls, or to a frame made of a block with a construction stapler. Suitable for subsequent wallpapering or painting.
The areas of use of the material are quite diverse: finishing work, sound insulation of walls, roofs and facades.
Solving a complex of problems at once, this universal material can be used in repair and construction work: soundproofing substrates for floor coverings, interfloor partitions, finishing of walls, ceilings, facades, thermal insulation of premises, etc.
MDF - wood board medium density or dry pressed fibreboard. MDF from English (Medium Density Fiberboard).
It is made from wood chips, ground into flour by dry pressing, at high temperature and pressure with the addition of lignin, which is found in natural wood. Lignin makes this material environmentally friendly and resistant to fungi and microorganisms.
MDF boards They come in thicknesses from 3 to 30 mm and are laminated with plastics, varnished or veneered.
In terms of moisture resistance and mechanical characteristics, MDF is superior to natural wood and chipboard. MDF is also 2 times stronger and holds screws better.
MDF is used for finishing premises, for example, in the form of wall panels or laminated flooring - laminate, in the production of furniture, speaker cabinets. MDF has a homogeneous structure, is easy to process, and very durable. 
Advantages of MDF:
- fire resistance;
- biostability;
- high strength;
- wide choice of colors and patterns thanks to film and veneer coating.
Disadvantages of MDF:
- extremely vulnerable to moisture;
- burns with the release of toxic smoke;
- does not hold screws well;
- dusty sawdust generated during processing and sawing of slabs is harmful to health.
Oriented Strand Board(OSB) 
Oriented strand board is produced by pressing chips up to 0.7 mm thick and up to 140 mm long under high pressure and temperature using a small amount of adhesive resin.
OSB boards are 3 times stronger than chipboard and MDF boards due to the arrangement of chips longitudinally in the outer layers and transversely in the inner ones.
With such strength, OSB is a very flexible material and is excellent for construction and finishing work.
OSB boards of various thicknesses (from 6 to 30 mm) are used to sheathe attics, ceilings, walls, and are used to make subfloors, formwork, wall panels, fences and collapsible structures. 
For laminate flooring, the thinnest slabs are usually used - 6 and 8 mm thick, for structures and formwork thicker ones - from 10 mm.
OSB-3 is a more durable version of this material, used in low-rise construction in conditions of high humidity.
Also, because of its original texture, OSB is a favorite material among decorators and designers for interior decoration.
OSB makes a fairly impressive design for the ceiling or elements in built-in furniture or walls. 
Along with conventional OSB boards, there is also tongue-and-groove OSB - a board with machined groove and tongue ends, on 2 or 4 sides.
Advantages of OSB:
- strength relative to other used slabs;
- moisture resistance is higher than that of chipboard and gypsum boards;
- wide size range;
- cheaper than chipboard;
- holds screws well, even when screwing in again.
Disadvantages of OSB:
- it is processed worse than chipboard due to the heterogeneity of the structure;
- dust released when cutting OSB irritates the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes;
- contains formaldehyde, especially in moisture-resistant boards.
Drywall(GKL) 
Drywall is rightfully considered one of the most popular materials for leveling walls, ceilings and floors, arranging interior partitions and even decorative elements such as arches, columns, spheroids, multi-level ceiling coverings etc.
The main component of plasterboard sheets is gypsum filler and this determines many of the positive qualities of the building material.
Drywall is chemically inert, its acidity is approximately equal to the acidity of human skin, it does not contain and does not release chemical compounds harmful to humans into the external environment.
A standard board is 93% gypsum dihydrate, 6% cardboard and another 1% surfactants, starch and moisture. 
The fragility of the panels makes them difficult to transport and loading and unloading. For the same reason, gypsum board cannot withstand significant physical activity and is not recommended for leveling floors.
Suspended plasterboard ceilings can withstand a weight of no more than 4 kg per square meter, while suspended ceilings can bear a load of more than 100 kg per square meter.
A variation or more modern modification of a simple sheet of plasterboard is painted or laminated plasterboard, gypsum vinyl or gypsolam - colored plasterboard with a vinyl coating. 
This is a fundamentally new material, which has an initially exclusive appearance with a wide selection of decor. It is applied for internal lining walls, for covering window slopes, creating partitions, showcases and exhibition shelves, without additional finishing.
These environmentally friendly non-flammable panels are a gypsum board covered on both sides with special cardboard.
They have ideal geometry and are used for constructing internal partitions and lining ceilings. Supplied in sheets 2700 (3000) x 1200 x 12 mm.
Special grades of plasterboard are produced for wet (bathroom) and fire hazardous (wall near the fireplace) rooms. They are painted in “signal” colors - red and green.
There is plasterboard and increased plasticity (thickness 6 mm, width 900 mm) for cladding rounded walls. Sandwich panels are made from plasterboard with a heat-insulating layer of polyurethane foam (up to 50 mm). They are already used for internal cladding of external walls without subsequent insulation and vapor barrier. 
This significantly reduces construction time.
Advantages of drywall:
- easy to process: cut, drill; - does not burn, but with significant heating it is destroyed;
Disadvantages of drywall:
- greater vulnerability to moisture, even of a moisture-resistant variety; - does not tolerate well low temperature and significant temperature changes;
- suitable only for interior decoration.
Plasterboard
Gypsum board is a practical, modern and environmentally friendly material, as it is made without the use of toxic substances from natural gypsum, which does not conduct electricity and is odorless. The plasterboard meets all fire safety requirements.
Tongue-and-groove gypsum board (GGP) is the main material for constructing partitions, suspended ceilings, and various decorative projections. Used for leveling ceilings, walls, and “sealing” communication systems. 
Gypsum plaster can be moisture resistant and standard. Standard used in buildings with normal humidity. Boards with hydrophobic additives are intended for damp rooms. Such slabs are easily distinguished by their characteristic green color.
Advantages of plasterboard: 
- environmental and sanitary safety;
- easy to process: cut, drill;
- low flammable material, flammability class G1;
- relatively cheap.
Disadvantages of plasterboard:
- low strength, fragility;
- greater vulnerability to moisture, even of the moisture-resistant variety.
Gypsum fiber sheet
Gypsum fiber sheet (GVL) is a modern environmentally friendly pure material with excellent technical characteristics. It is produced by semi-dry pressing of a mixture of gypsum and cellulose waste paper.
In terms of its physical properties, gypsum fiber sheet is a fairly strong, hard material, also famous for its fire-resistant qualities. 
Gypsum fiber sheet, due to its versatility, has become very widespread in the construction industry. It is used for the installation of interior partitions, floor screeds, suspended ceilings, wall cladding and fire protection of structures.
GVL for flooring is popular, which is used to assemble the base of the floor covering, as well as facing option, with the help of which, for example, wooden surfaces are sheathed, thereby increasing their fire resistance. 
Depending on the area of application, gypsum fiber sheets are divided into two types: GVLV (moisture resistant) and GVL (regular).
Advantages of gypsum fiber sheets:
- GVL, compared to gypsum plasterboard, can more easily withstand sawing in any direction, since it is homogeneous in composition;
- Higher strength due to reinforcement with cellulose fiber;
- Increased sound insulation.
Disadvantages of gypsum fiber sheets:
- less bending strength than gypsum board;
- less suitable for interior decoration than gypsum plasterboard;
- necessity pre-treatment before painting.
Cement particle board
Cement particle board (CPB) is an ideal material for the outer cladding of frames and partitions in wet and flammable rooms, and serves as a good leveling base for any floor coverings. It has a hard and smooth surface, can be plastered and tiled, sawn with a hacksaw, is non-flammable, resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations.
Supplied in sheets 3600 x 1200 x 10 (12, 16, 20 and 26) mm.
Plywood
Plywood is one of the most common materials widely used in construction. 
Plywood is produced by gluing together several layers of peeled veneer with phenol-formaldehyde resins.
For this purpose, as a rule, birch or coniferous veneer of small thickness is used. The choice of these species is due to their wide distribution in our forests. In Europe, New Zealand and some other countries, oak, maple, hornbeam and even pear are widely used for the production of various types of plywood.
Veneer gluing is carried out under pressure at elevated temperatures. The resulting sheets are cooled, and after a short period of curing, they are collected in packages of 10 or 20 pieces.
Depending on the wood and glue used in the production of plywood, it is classified into:
- plywood with increased moisture resistance (FSF);
- plywood with medium moisture resistance (FC);
- bakelized plywood (BF).
Laminated plywood- is plywood lined on one or both sides with a paper-resin coating. 
This coating very effectively prevents the penetration of moisture, is highly resistant to abrasion and the formation of mold and mildew, and is resistant to corrosion and destruction. This type of plywood is quite popular due to lamination.
Using lamination, you can apply almost any pattern or imitation: oak, poplar, maple, birch, walnut, pine and larch.
Advantages of plywood:
- high tensile and bending strength;
- excellent sawing, drilling and fastening with both nails and screws;
- relatively inexpensive material.
Disadvantages of plywood:
- resins used for gluing veneer contain a fairly high concentration of phenolic compounds;
- flammability;
Glass magnesium sheet
Glass-magnesium sheet or glass-magnesite sheet (SML) is white, reinforced with fiberglass, 40 percent lighter than GVL, flexible, durable, fire-resistant, moisture-resistant.
Thanks to the reinforcing fiberglass mesh, the SML can bend with a radius of curvature of up to three meters. High moisture-resistant qualities allow it to be used in rooms with high humidity.
Its qualities allow it to be used on uneven surfaces and reduces the possibility of sheet fracture during installation and transfer. In addition, this material is environmentally friendly and does not contain harmful substances and asbestos, does not emit toxic substances even when heated. Unlike plasterboard, SML-Premium class belongs to low-combustibility materials (NG). 
With a sheet thickness of 6mm, it is capable of holding fire for 2 hours and can withstand heating up to 1500 degrees. Sheet thickness: 3-20 mm.
The scope of application of glass-magnesium sheet is extremely high. Like plasterboard, it can be used to make ceilings, walls and interior partitions.
Moreover, glass-magnesite sheets can be used to decorate the external facades of cottages and houses. SML is a reliable basis for any type of finishing. 
New material ideal for showers, saunas, swimming pools - because the glass-magnesium sheet can withstand high humidity, temperature changes and open fire. The most suitable materials can be applied to the surface of LSU different types putties, paints, adhesives. You can stick wallpaper, aluminum-composite panels, veneer, plastic, ceramic, glass or mirror tiles.
The front (smooth) surface of the sheets is intended for painting, wallpapering, laminating and applying various types decorative textures without preliminary, final filling and priming of the entire surface of the material.
The back (rough) surface of the sheets is intended for strong adhesion when gluing piece facing and decorative materials(ceramic or tiles, veneer, etc.), or the material itself on the walls and floor, gluing the sheets together. 
LSU can be attached to a fastening system, both metal and wood, as well as directly to the enclosing structure using glue.
Along with conventional glass-magnesium sheets, laminated glass-magnesium sheets with a variety of patterns and thicknesses of the outer coating have recently begun to appear more and more often.
Advantages of glass magnesite:
- moisture resistance - does not undergo deformation, does not swell and does not lose its properties; 
- fire resistance - magnesite panels are non-flammable material;
- good sound insulation - a 12mm panel in terms of sound permeability corresponds to four layers of twelve mm plasterboard sheet, or brick wall 150mm thick;
- high strength and flexibility - can bend with a radius of curvature from 25 cm to 3 meters;
- lighter than similar slabs made of wood or gypsum;
- low thermal conductivity, can be used as additional insulation;
- can be used for finishing both outside and inside.
Disadvantages of glass magnesite:
- more fragile than gypsum fiber sheet;
- when filling joints, it is necessary to use putties with chemical adhesives;
- properties vary significantly depending on the manufacturer and class of LSU.
Fiberboard
Fibrolite is a board material made by pressing special wood fiber (wood wool) and an inorganic binder (magnesium binder).
The fiber is obtained from waste from the wood processing industry, as a result of processing on wood planing machines. One of the advantages fiberboard slabs– low volumetric weight.
Fiberboard is fire resistant: the shavings are impregnated with cement, and when exposed to fire, only soot is formed. The material allows for various finishing options, is easily attached to any structure using nails, screws, dowels, and can be easily sawed. 
Fiberboards are a fire-resistant, bioresistant material that is used as thermal insulation, structural, thermal insulation and acoustic materials in building structures buildings and structures with relative air humidity not higher than 75%.
Conventional fiberboard boards are produced with a thickness of 3-5 mm using gray cement as a binder. These plates are used for various types of thermal insulation, when installing roofing and plastered partitions. 
Acoustic slabs are usually made from fine wood wool (0.75-2 mm), which improves their appearance, are not covered with anything, and are also tinted in colors that harmonize with the interior or are made using magnesite or white cement instead of gray.
Composite fiberboard panel is a two- or three-layer panel with a middle layer of thermal insulation material, such as rigid foam or mineral fiber (mineral silicate wool).
The thickness of the middle layer usually ranges from 15 to 140 mm, although the outer layers of fiberboard range from 5 to 20 mm in thickness. In this case, the level of thermal insulation increases significantly.
Advantages of fiberboard boards: 
- ease of installation;
- good insulation;
- mechanically durable;
- extensive decorative possibilities;
- good moisture resistance and fire resistance; - sound insulation;
- hygiene, harmlessness to human health and the environment;
- do not spoil rodents and insects, does not rot.
Disadvantages of fiberboard boards:
- low bending strength;
- significant weight.
Internal cladding of the walls of a house is the first step in finishing the rooms in the house, which also provides additional thermal insulation for the house. Proper wall covering allows you to effectively complete the final finishing, obtaining the necessary comfort and an interior that is pleasing to the eye.
The combination of modern technologies and new materials is an indispensable condition for the efficiency of any production.
The optimal choice of these components is the path of modernization and development.
So in construction industry Drywall has been replaced by a new, more advanced material - gypsum fiber sheet or GVL, and a new promising technology for dry floor screed has emerged for any type of coating.
They allow you to restore floors, level them, lay them again, solving issues of insulation, fire safety and comfort.
GVL is a compressed finishing material in which gypsum acts as a binder reinforced with crushed cellulose fibers.
In the factory, the surface of the sheets is sanded and subjected to latex treatment, which gives them moisture resistance and tolerance to painting and other finishing processes without prior priming.
Hydrophobic impregnation with latex or its absence makes it possible to produce two types of gypsum plasterboard:
- Ordinary gypsum fiber sheet - for rooms with normal and dry microclimate, in accordance with SNiP II-3-79;
- Moisture-resistant GVL - for civil and industrial premises with high humidity.
Product standards
For comfort practical application GVL is produced in two formats:
- Standard (2500x1200x10);
- Small-sized (1500x1000x10).
Thickness can vary up to 19mm; The edges of the sheet are folded, which eliminates chalking.
Double-thick, factory-glued sheets with a self-locking fold are also available for sale.
In commercial form, for ease of transportation, the sheets are packed in waterproof bags of 40-50 each. The Knauf company produces packaging for 98 sheets.
When transporting gypsum fiber boards, pallets and gaskets are used to ensure the integrity of the edges and protection from water.
The material is environmentally friendly, fire-resistant, frost-resistant, durable and easy to process, can regulate humidity in environment, accumulating it or giving it away.
It is stored only for a year from the date of manufacture and only in a dry place.
Application of gypsum fiber sheets
GVL has a wide range of applications in construction, reconstruction, and in ensuring the safety of technical and domestic premises. The sheets, in addition to their use for flooring, are used for wall partitions and ceiling cladding.
Residential and sanitary premises, utility storerooms and attics, attics and basements. The main condition is humidity not higher than 70%.
Resistance to open fire makes GVL indispensable in the equipment of elevator shafts, moisture resistance - in the equipment of bathrooms and garages, strength - in the equipment of gyms and courts.
Advantages
Both reinforced concrete and wooden floors can serve as the basis for gypsum fiber sheets. They can act as a substrate for the front covering, as insulation or a subfloor.
This is facilitated by such specifications, How:
- increased hardness and strength;
- ease of processing;
- thermal insulation properties;
- fire resistance;
- frost resistance;
- good soundproofing qualities;
- maintaining moderate indoor air humidity;
- wastelessness in working with it.
Installation of “dry” floors using GVL
Screed is the main type of floor preparation, providing leveling, the necessary rigidity, insulation, and sound insulation.
A screed made from a cement-sand mixture is always associated with dirt, a large volume self made and the need to wait until the solution used is completely dry.
And if the screed is in two layers, the waiting period doubles. When completed, it takes over 25% of the load-bearing capacity of the floor. In addition, there will be costs for Additional materials for waterproofing floors, providing viscosity, etc.
Dry screed based on GVL has received undisputed recognition in construction.
It is indispensable in the device:
- base floor on expanded clay backing of 2 cm with sufficient insulation;
- subfloor, using insulation, up to 3 cm - for leveling and insulation;
- prefabricated screed with additional insulation to expanded clay in the form of polystyrene foam boards - in case of serious unevenness of the floor and increased requirements for its insulation.
A dry screed allows you to immediately proceed to laying the top covering of the main floor.
The technical characteristics of GVL allow, at the same time, the use of glue and mastic that do not contradict chemical properties leaf.
Floor installation technology using gypsum fiber sheets
- Surface preparation
If you are installing on a wooden floor, strengthen the moving floorboards to eliminate the causes of squeaking;
It is enough to clear the concrete floor of debris;
How to lay gypsum fiber sheets on the floor?
- Lay a 10x10 mm mounting tape (made of foam film, isolon or basalt wool) around the perimeter of the room for sound and noise absorption and in case of deformation due to temperature fluctuations;
- Spread polyethylene film over the entire surface of the floor for ;
- Secure the guides from aluminum profile or wooden logs, which will contribute to the uniform distribution of expanded clay and will subsequently serve for fastening gypsum fiber boards;
- Do
Take slag pumice, expanded clay sand or Compavita and level it using a level.
You can use foam or fiber insulation.
At the time of this operation it is possible installation work for wiring communications under the floor or installing a heated floor system.
- First layer
For this layer you will need small-format gypsum fiber sheets. They are laid along the length of the room, from the corner closest to the door (if the insulation is bulk) and from the opposite wall (for other types of insulation).
The sheets are secured with self-tapping screws (length of the screw = sheet thickness) “flush”. Trimming with a hacksaw or jigsaw is done at the end of the row.
The next rows are laid, moving them by 30-40 cm. If the mounting tape protrudes above the level of the sheet, it is cut off. The adhesive connection of the sheets to each other allows seams of no more than 2 mm; the adhesive squeezed out by compression is removed.
- Second layer
This layer of standard gypsum fiber board is laid on the surface of the first one treated with adhesive mastic or PVA glue, across the laying - the sheets of the first and second layers are located relative to each other at right angles;
It is possible to immediately use a two-layer coating of factory gluing; if the edges of the sheets have folds, assembly is carried out as with;
If a third layer is also laid, it is made up of standard size sheets with an additional layer of foam materials.
The thickness of this layer must correspond to the sum of the thicknesses of the lower layers.
- In conclusion
The heads of the screws and seams are puttied, the entire surface is primed to create a perfectly smooth base and the front floor, carpet, laminate, linoleum, parquet, porcelain tiles or tiles are laid.
Advantages of a floor on a dry screed
The main advantage is versatility.
Dry screed based on GVL sheets allows you to install floors of any type and with any coating, ensuring durability
the strength of the base and the ease of construction.
Installation of GVL floors:
- installed at the initial stage before finishing work;
- can be installed easily and quickly with a sheet weight of about 18 kg;
- technologically publicly accessible;
- ensures ideal level and joining of sheets for any type of coating;
- environmentally friendly, its acidity level is comparable to human skin;
- wear-resistant;
- its installation does not cause inconvenience during the cold season;
- able to withstand significant point loads;
- serves as a barrier to the spread of fire at the floor level;
- has no restrictions in use.
The correct choice of sheet is a guarantee of successful completion of work
Rule #1
- The most reputable company on the Russian market is the German company Knauf.
Since 1993, it has been widely investing in the production of building materials at enterprises in the Russian Federation and the CIS.
The international group "Knauf" grew from family business in the north of Bavaria and has become a leading manufacturer of sheet building materials.
Its products are marked with a blue indelible stamp indicating the type of sheets, edges, and dimensions according to the standard.
- A respected representative on the building materials market and the Scandinavian company GYPROC, which produces high-strength gypsum fiber boards reinforced with mineral additives.
- In our country, a range of sheet products for construction is produced by JSC Gips from Volgograd.
Rule #2
Check out the product specifications and labeling. This will give you information about the technological compatibility of gypsum fiber boards with materials accompanying the process, which will affect the performance and service life of the floor;
Rule #3
Both the quality of the floor and its durability depend on the contractor.
Choose performers with professional skills and experience. Do not trust random people who know about the floor installation process from hearsay.
Calculation of materials and determination of the scope of work are done by manufacturing companies for floor installation. Only they can be trusted hidden wiring and placement of underfloor heating system elements.
Rule #4
Study the market of offers to choose the most economical one. The price varies not only on the quality and manufacturer of the material, but also on the region of sales and even sales offices.
What price range for gypsum fiber boards for flooring should you expect?
Gypsum is a natural organic mineral, it is environmentally friendly and strong. GVL is economical, easy to install and reliable.
The durability of the finished floor covering also depends on the quality of the base preparation. It is for this reason that laying the subfloor plays such a significant role. The material used during installation must ensure the evenness of the finished structure and be resistant to compression. Modern technologies They offer several options for arranging subfloors using different materials.
Types of subfloors
The subfloor in cross-section resembles a layer cake:
- Base. It is he who bears the entire burden.
- Layers of hydro, heat and sound insulation.
- Screed.
- Rough coating.
Not every owner can build something like this, however, you can make a subfloor with your own hands in different ways. Fortunately, there are several options for its arrangement.
Wet floors
The most popular methodology. Its implementation does not require special skills or high costs. The screed is carried out using gypsum or cement-sand mortar. Most relevant in houses with slab floors. The screed is poured onto the layers of thermal insulation. The top of such a floor must be leveled and dried, and only then covered with the final finishing layer.
There are three main types of wet screed floors:
- Single layer. Used to eliminate defects in slabs, usually with differences of up to 1.5 cm.
- Double-layer and multi-layer. They are used when it is necessary to level out significant dissonance in heights (up to 12 cm). It’s simply not possible to eliminate them in one layer.
Pouring the base is a great way to create the perfect surface for laying carpet, laminate or linoleum.
The positive qualities of a wet screed include: moisture resistance, fire resistance, strength and relatively small thickness. The cost of the material is affordable: $1-3 per kilogram of the mixture.
Dry floor
To minimize the installation time of the subfloor, use a dry screed. Solutions practically do not participate in the process of its formation. For this reason, the screed does not require long drying. The creation of the “pie” involves insulating material, sheathing and wood flooring. During installation, ventilation gaps are created.
Important! The screed under ceramic tiles must be treated with a primer. Failure to do so may result in the coating peeling off.
Prefabricated floor
We are talking about a dry screed. It is mounted on top of slabs or flooring with boards. A prefabricated floor is a structure made of rolled, sheet materials and dry backfill. The “pie” usually consists of screed, thermal insulation materials, joists and dry mixtures. A subfloor is installed on top.
Prefabricated floors have a high level of sound insulation and serve as the base for most finished floors. They are almost 2 times lighter than wet screeds, but have a decent thickness, so they are not suitable for thin roll coverings.
Floors on joists
This type subfloors are most often found in older homes. The logs level and greatly facilitate the installation of a wooden floor, and also prevent the weakening of the load-bearing beams.
Arranging floors on joists seems quite simple, but it cannot be done without proper preparation. It is impossible to work with them without knowing all the subtleties.
It is not permissible to level the joists using wooden wedges and wood chips. Such a structure is not viable and after some time the floor begins to creak and sag. To level, sand is poured under the joists or the material is trimmed.
Antiseptic treatment and ventilation increase the service life of the frame. It is covered with slabs or sheet material on top, and to reduce the reduced noise index, polyethylene foam or fiberboard can be laid under the logs.
Adjustable floors
These floors are supported on the floor slab through threaded posts. They help raise the finishing coating to a height of up to 7 cm (if we are talking about plywood) or up to 22 (using logs). To create a subfloor, beams, skull beams and boards made of coniferous wood, usually of a lower grade, are used.
Subfloor materials
To correctly answer the question: how to make a subfloor, you need to decide what materials are needed for its arrangement.
The base is assembled from the following components:
- Bricks. They are used to create pillars that are placed on cement mortar.
- Metal corners and bolts. The logs are attached to the brick pillars.
- Waterproofing. Choose a material that can prevent rotting.
- Insulation. Lay on the bottom layer of the rough base.
- Boards or slabs. Used for flooring.
Of course, these are not all the necessary elements. Their variations are due to the variety of types of rough coating and the wishes of the owner. The quantity is calculated based on the size of the building premises.
The lifespan of a floor directly depends on proper preparation and positive qualities materials included in its composition, including coatings.
Gypsum fiber boards
GVL and GVLV create a perfectly even base for finishing coating. Usually they are laid in two layers, fixed with glue. These slabs are usually used for leveling over expanded clay backfill or to create a heat and sound insulation coating. They are also suitable for laying over old subfloors. The only thing that should not be done is to combine GVL (GVLV) with lags. In this combination, the material cannot withstand local loads: even furniture legs can break the floor.
The base is suitable for almost any finishing surface: laminate, carpet, tiles, linoleum, cork or parquet. To protect the subfloor from the influence of possible leaks, you need to treat the slabs with a water-repellent compound.
Moisture-resistant chipboard
The material can withstand heavy loads (we are talking about the idea of high-density chipboard) and allows you to form a fairly even base. Due to its increased strength, it can be laid both on backfill and on logs.
Chipboard has good thermal and sound insulation properties. Typically, slabs, like drywall, are fixed with glue. They are laid in two layers, not forgetting about treatment with a water-repellent compound.
Important! Chipboard is better Only use in dry rooms and cover with carpet, parquet or linoleum. For additional sound insulation The slabs are covered with technical cork.
Cement particle board
The material has excellent characteristics:
- High strength;
- Environmentally friendly;
- Water resistant.
DSP does not burn and is not afraid of even serious leaks. The market offers slabs with a thickness of 1-3.2 cm. They are laid on the backfill or on frame joists, laid in two layers (the top one is treated with a waterproofing or water-repellent compound).
DSP is excellent for laying parquet and laminate flooring. The only drawback of the slabs is minor deviations in thickness at the joints (up to 2 mm). In this case, it is unacceptable to cover the surface with cork or linoleum without first preparing the base. Defects are eliminated by sanding and putty.
Moisture-resistant plywood
Multilayer plywood has many variations in thickness (from 0.3 to 3 cm) and cost ($2.7-39). Due to its high strength, it is often laid on frame joists, but it is also often laid directly on a concrete base under parquet or laminate.
Important! A rough plywood coating makes the floor warmer, but does not solve the problem of sound insulation.
