The construction process necessarily involves waterproofing the foundation and walls. Over the past few decades, much attention has been paid to this stage. You can protect your home from moisture different ways, and one of them - injection waterproofing - we will consider in this article.
Why do you need foundation waterproofing?
Few people know that concrete itself is not afraid of moisture; it only makes it stronger. But concrete is not a water repellent and allows water to pass through it perfectly. Therefore, you should not neglect waterproofing. You can do without it only during construction non-residential premises, and only if the groundwater level is low.
Methods for waterproofing indoors
Typically, work on waterproofing foundations and walls is carried out with outside premises. But in some cases this is impossible or impractical. For example, it is not always possible to dig the foundation of a building that is already in use. In this case, waterproofing work is carried out in the basement.
There are several methods of waterproofing interior walls premises. The most common:
- impregnating
- coating
- painting
- injectable
Impregnation waterproofing of the foundation and basement walls is performed relatively quickly. The material for its construction is a mixture that includes a special type of cement, sand and special additives that give the mixture waterproofing properties. The components of the composition applied to a wet surface react with water. As a result, crystals form, stopping the penetration of moisture. And the wetter the surface of the walls, the stronger the effect of the mixture.
Coating and painting methods similar. For them, bitumen-polymer or bitumen mastics, polymer paints or oil-based paints and varnishes. This type of insulation is quite effective in basements, but the compounds used to install the waterproof coating are very toxic. The minimum thickness of the coating insulation layer is 3 mm, the painting insulation layer is 1-2 mm.
The injection method is the most expensive, but with its help the greatest efficiency is achieved. The most common materials are acrylate mixtures and gels. The barrier obtained as a result of injections can withstand water pressure of several tens of atmospheres. This method is used not only for waterproofing foundations and walls, but also in subway tunnels.
The essence of the injection waterproofing method
This method of protecting foundations and basement walls from moisture and leaks has been used in Europe for more than 30 years. It became known here relatively recently and is considered promising. The cost of materials and labor is slightly higher than the cost of more traditional ways waterproofing, but the effect of the work performed is several times higher. Using the injection method, you can even repair cracks and chips on the surface of walls and foundations, and stop active water leaks through concrete. It can be used not only on concrete surfaces, but also on porous materials, such as brickwork.
The peculiarity of this method is that prepared polymer mixtures are pumped under pressure into the pores, seams and cracks of the walls, floor and ceiling of the structure. IN hard to reach places special types of injectors are used, with the help of which the mixture is pumped under high pressure.
The materials used for injection insulation are made on a mineral or polyurethane basis. Their density is approximately equal to the density of water, which allows them to penetrate almost unhindered even into subtle cracks that could form in the foundation walls.
The use of the injection method of waterproofing is advisable in the following cases:
- it is necessary to increase the limit of working loads of load-bearing structures of brick and rubble foundations;
- if necessary, eliminate active leaks in foundation walls;
- when installing cut-off insulation between the foundation and the main wall of the house;
- when sealing seams between the soil and the foundation wall.
Injection waterproofing technology
The insulation work begins with preparatory stage. In new buildings, it consists of cleaning the surface of the walls from dust and dirt, as well as eliminating unevenness. In the case of repairing already used surfaces, the scope of work is slightly larger. It is necessary, if possible, to remove old waterproofing, clean the walls from fungus and mold, and remove salts using special means.
The next stage is drawing up a project, which indicates the density of future holes and the number waterproofing mixture, which is needed to complete the entire volume of work. The number of holes and material required depends on the thickness of the foundation and the type of mixture. Consumption of polyurethane-based mixture per square meter- no less than 1.5 liters. Required amount material on acrylic base significantly less.
A hammer drill or drill is used to drill holes. The diameter of the holes should be 25-32 mm, it depends on the diameter of the injection packers or capsules. Holes are made under a sharp edge up to 45 degrees. Depending on the tasks, the depth of the holes may vary; usually it reaches 2/3 of the wall thickness. When sealing seams between the soil and the foundation, it is necessary to drill through the wall. The boreholes are washed with a stream of water.
Packers are inserted into the resulting holes, which serve as nozzles for the pump. Through these nozzles the finished waterproofing mass will be pumped into the wall. For this process, a small pump is sufficient, which creates a pressure of 0.5 MPa. For critical components of industrial facilities, an electric diaphragm or piston pump is used. With the help of such equipment, the mixture is supplied into the holes along with a hardener, which allows the waterproofing material to be evenly distributed over the entire thickness of the wall.
If the wall is made of “dry masonry” you can do without a pump. But in this case, the packers will need to be filled several times a day. Without a pump, the mixture disperses more slowly through the void in the concrete and the process must be repeated several times.
After completion of the injection work, all drilled holes are sealed with a regular cement-sand mixture.
Important! Work should be carried out at an ambient temperature of +5 degrees. With more low temperatures spreading the mixture through the concrete will be very difficult.
If you require high-quality injection waterproofing, then REMSTROYHYDRO is the right choice.
Waterproofing by injection method
Waterproofing by injection is used to protect a building from the destructive effects of moisture. The use of this technology involves the introduction of a special substance inside the wall or foundation, which makes it possible to create a protective layer that repels moisture. What types of injection waterproofing do we offer:
- - Protection of a brick wall, cut-off waterproofing of the foundation using the injection method;
- - Insulation of the concrete seam from moisture;
- - We work with foam and expansion joints.
The price of injection waterproofing is reasonable. Let's consider each type of service in more detail.
Waterproofing brickwork
Injection waterproofing brick walls can be produced independently. The execution algorithm is simple - you need to drill holes at an angle and make an injection inside. After injecting the walls, a special substance will do the rest of the work. The walls will dry out within 90 days. After completing this procedure, you will be able to get rid of wet wall in a residential building.
Injection waterproofing of the foundation is carried out using a similar technology. If you have questions about performing this procedure, we recommend contacting our specialist.
Injection waterproofing of foundations and walls allows you to completely get rid of the threat of excessive amounts of moisture. The use of this technology will make it possible to extend the life of the building. Most objects under construction have a recessed part, which is completely located under the ground. Therefore, complete protection from moisture is always relevant. Leaks most often occur through working and expansion joints - waterproofing floor joints will significantly improve protection against moisture.
Particular attention should be paid to the junctions of structural elements and the areas where communications were connected. Sealing seams with waterproofing is a popular service.
Waterproofing concrete joint
Waterproofing a cold concrete joint using the injection method is becoming popular in modern construction. A working cold concreting joint is formed during the laying process concrete structures. This area is extremely vulnerable to mechanical impact and temperature changes. If moisture gets in and freezes, cracks appear inside the concrete joint, which leads to loss of strength. Injecting concrete under pressure can solve the problem and patch up the damaged area. The reason for ordering this service is to create an effective barrier to moisture, which leads to the destruction of reinforcement.
Integrity building structure is under threat. It is necessary to use a sealant to waterproof joints in concrete. It is important to treat the following areas:
- - Column connections and ribbed floors;
- - Joints of slabs and foundation;
- - Seams along the edges of beams made of various materials.
When waterproofing a cold concrete joint, it is necessary to perform jointing, cleaning and caulking. Next, holes are made for introducing the waterproofing solution. It may also be necessary to inject concrete into the soil to improve the strength of the foundation.
Waterproofing foam seam
Foam seams are also highly susceptible to the damaging effects of moisture. Despite the high strength of the frozen substance, frozen water easily breaks the foam mass, creating cracks. Injections into foam concrete wall will protect the seam from constant exposure to moisture.
Professionals recommend waterproofing the seams from the inside during the construction stage to significantly increase the durability of the building. In any case, this procedure can be carried out at any convenient time. Thanks to the ease of application of the technology, within three months you will receive a durable barrier that repels moisture but allows air to pass through.
Waterproofing the seams between the slabs does not affect the ventilation rate. To obtain good result It is recommended to use the services of our company. We will provide professionals who are able to carry out all the necessary actions to complete the task within a short period of time.
Waterproofing seams
Waterproofing panel seams of houses is important stage construction. It allows you to restore the protective layer inside a building without excavating the soil. In most cases renovation work are carried out inside the house. The surface is processed locally and if the shut-off structure is damaged for some reason, repairs can be made at any time.
Waterproofing interpanel seams makes it possible to get rid of cracks, restoring bearing capacity building. The volumetric layer prevents the formation of decompactions. This technology also increases the strength of expansion joints placed in hard-to-reach places. Modern builders today cannot imagine how they used to manage without waterproofing the seams between floor slabs.
Thanks to the technology described above, workers construction companies There are more opportunities to improve the load-bearing capacity of the building and achieve total cut-off of the wall or seam from moisture. It is very important to contact a proven contractor who is able to complete the task according to the established algorithm. Despite the simplicity of execution, trusting a professional is a smart decision.
Waterproofing expansion joint
Modern materials for waterproofing expansion joints can partially eliminate the destructive effects of moisture. However, over time, the joints various designs buildings begin to lose strength. Therefore, many building owners order the service of waterproofing expansion joints from the inside. This technology allows you to establish complete water protection within a short period of time.
A building block is a cut in the building structure that divides the entire structure into separate blocks. This allows you to reduce the amount of load on the object in the place of possible deformation. After completing the work, a hollow space is formed, filled with filler. Waterproofing unit expansion joint prevents moisture from penetrating into the filler, which significantly reduces the degree of destruction.
During the work, sometimes it is necessary to partially dismantle the joint filler and lay a new one in two layers. Next, holes are drilled and injection materials are introduced. The device for waterproofing expansion joints is simple and effective. During the final stage, the holes are caulked. This type of injection method requires professionalism.
Waterproofing is necessary for additional protection buildings or structures from the aggressive effects of water. If mistakes were made during construction, the water-repellent layer can eliminate them.
The essence of the injection is the injection (pumping) of modern hydrophobic materials under strong pressure using special pumping equipment.
One of the main advantages this method– there is no need to dismantle the structure.
Main types of injection waterproofing services:
Injection of cold (working) concreting joints
RSB (ХШБ) is a seam that occurs during pouring (laying) concrete mixture with interruptions: in the process of laying liquid on already dried concrete.
RSB is the most vulnerable point concrete structure. Over time, water begins to leak through the RSB, which leads to destruction of the material and corrosion of the reinforcement - the integrity of the structures suffers from this.
Typical locations of the RSB:
- Columns
- Ribbed slabs
- Flat slabs and foundations
- Beams
Stages of work:
- RSB chipping/jointing;
- Cleaning and caulking of RSB with a repair agent;
- Drilling holes for injection;
- Installation of injection packers;
- Primary sealing of RSB with polyurethane foam;
- Secondary sealing of RSB with polyurethane resin;
- Knocking down packers and caulking holes with a repair agent;
- Coating waterproofing RSB.
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Injection of expansion joints
An expansion joint (DC) is a cut in the building structure that divides the structure into separate blocks, designed to reduce loads on objects in places of possible deformations.
DSh is a hollow space (usually filled with Penoplex type joint filler) through which water leaks are possible.
Stages of work:
- Partial dismantling of the existing joint filler in the building wall;
- Laying joint filler (Vilatherm type) in two layers;
- Caulking of the longwall with a repair agent;
- Drilling holes;
- Installation of steel packers;
- Injection of DS with acrylate gels;
- Knocking down steel packers and caulking holes with a repair agent;
- Installation of waterproofing tape with epoxy adhesive.
Injecting cracks
Structural cracks are holes that affect the load-bearing capacity of an object. They arise due to design errors, improper operation of the building, as well as increased loads on the structure.
Non-structural cracks are holes that formed due to plastic shrinkage, shrinkage of the building, temperature changes, as a result of damage to the reinforcement. They do not pose a risk to the strength of the object.
The presence of active leaks through cracks leads to destruction of structures.
Stages of work:
- Crack chipping/spreading;
- Cleaning and caulking the crack with a special solution;
- Drilling holes;
- Installation of steel packers;
- Primary sealing of the crack with polyurethane foam;
- Secondary sealing of the crack with polyurethane resin;
- Knocking down steel packers and caulking holes with repair mortar;
- Diamond grinding of the defect propagation zone;
- Coating waterproofing of cracks.
Injection of communication inputs (interface unit)
Communications inputs are sleeves/steel pipes passing through the foundation of the building.
If the connection between the communications input and the foundation is not hermetically sealed, it leads to the penetration of groundwater/wastewater. “Standing” water can also form, which can lead to the growth of structures and the formation of cracks.
Stages of work:
- Joining the interface node steel pipe with reinforced concrete wall structure;
- Sealing the interface unit with polyurethane sealant;
- Caulking the interface unit with a repair compound;
- Drilling holes;
- Installation of steel packers
- Injection of the interface unit with acrylate gels;
- Knocking down steel packers and caulking holes with repair compound;
- Coating waterproofing of the interface unit with a polymer-cement composition.
Injection of junction nodes
The junction point is the junction of building structural elements:
- Wall – floor/floor slab.
- Column – floor/floor slab.
- Window/door openings – floor/floor slab.
If the connection between the utility lines and the foundation or walls is not sealed, it leads to the penetration of groundwater/wastewater. “Standing” water can also form, which can lead to the growth of structures and the formation of cracks.
Stages of work:
- Grooving/joining of the junction;
- Caulking the junction defect with a repair compound;
- Installation of fillets using repair composition;
- Drilling holes;
- Installation of packers;
- Primary sealing of junction points with a hydroactive polyurethane foam composition;
- Secondary sealing of junction points with a polyurethane resin compound;
- Dismantling of packers;
- Caulking holes with repair compound;
- Diamond grinding of the defect propagation zone;
- Coating waterproofing of the defect area.
Cut-off waterproofing
When the foundation comes into contact with groundwater moisture accumulation occurs in the structure (Capillary effect in concrete). The presence of water leads to rapid degradation of structures, a decrease in thermal properties, and the formation and development of mold, fungi and microorganisms.
Stages of work:
- Drilling holes at intervals of 10-12 cm, forming a horizontal line. Depending on the type of wall structure, the drilling angle is selected;
- The holes are cleaned of dust and foreign objects;
- Installation of injection packers;
- The injection composition is injected through the packer into the structure under pressure/without pressure;
- Dismantling of packers;
- Caulking holes with repair compound.
Every year the development of human civilization is moving in a progressive direction, and this development in various areas of human activity is proceeding in geometric progression. This applies to such areas of the economy as energy, industrial and housing construction, transport and special construction, etc.
The vast majority of facilities under construction have the buried part or are completely underground. In this regard, the relevance reliable waterproofing is becoming more and more relevant.
However, it is no secret that in practice it is almost impossible to find an object where its protection from moisture would be carried out without defects. There are many reasons for this - errors in the design and quality of construction, and of course unjustified savings, especially in the use of injection waterproofing technologies. As a result, what was considered secondary at the construction stage comes to the fore at the stage of commissioning of the facility and its operation.
This situation today is very typical, which causes enormous damage to our economy, leads to delays in the commissioning of facilities, a reduction in turnaround time, their service life, an increase in operating costs and can lead to emergency situations and even impossibility of exploitation and leads to an increase in lost profits.
Most often in buried and hydraulic structures for various purposes leaks occur through working and expansion joints, abutments and interfaces of structural elements, utility entries, formwork attachment points, etc.
Effectively combating this type of leakage- namely, with the help of injection waterproofing, the main specialization of our company LLC INJECT, which was created in 2007 in partnership with our German colleagues and partners Minova CarboTech GmbH specifically to solve problems for the most advanced and effective method eliminating leaks and installing waterproofing.
The video shows: Educational film. Practical classes on injection waterproofing on injection of acrylate gels. Filmed in Samara (Russia) Moskovskaya metro station (2008). Training is conducted by Heinrich Arnold (Germany).
Thanks to serious technical support our German colleagues managed to gain significant positions in the waterproofing services market already in 2008 (injection waterproofing) since the demand for this type of service, due to its effectiveness, did not decrease even during the crisis of 2007 - 2009! During which the period of formation of the company fell.
The point is that the method injection waterproofing, despite its “high cost”, it generally turned out to be very effective and reliable compared to “cheaper” technologies, and most importantly, it solved several problems at once.
Today, unlike the “zero” years, when in Russia injection waterproofing technology appeared no one needs to prove its effectiveness. So how does injection waterproofing compare favorably with other waterproofing methods and why has it gained so many fans so quickly?
See what it allows:
- Allows you to install or restore external waterproofing from the inside. That is, without external excavations.
- Allows you to repair and stop water flow locally, preventing water from entering the structure.
- In most cases, injection waterproofing is repairable.
- Allows you to heal cracks and restore the load-bearing capacity of the structure in its thickness.
- Allows you to create volumetric waterproofing, combat loss of compaction, while simultaneously increasing the load-bearing capacity of the structure.
- Allows you to restore the functionality of expansion joints located in hard-to-reach places, etc.
Today it's hard to imagine, how just a few years ago we managed without this “magic wand”. Injection waterproofing has found its consumers both among private owners during construction:
- foundations,
- basements
- swimming pools,
and in residential and industrial construction, as well as the operation of objects for various purposes. Such objects include:
- Moskollector,
- Moscow subway,
- Moscow Metrostroy,
- Gormost,
- Vodokanal,
- other hydraulic structures,
- Hydroelectric power station, railway and automobile tunnels,
- swimming pools,
- underground parking, etc.
Over the ten years of existence of Inject LLC, With our materials and with our participation, many iconic objects were completed throughout the country, which clearly confirms the fact that injection waterproofing can successfully combat leaks, including pressure ones, and its use is absolutely justified.
If you do market overview of products used as injection materials, then first place in terms of volume (but not in importance) occupied by polyurethane resins. Often, hydroactive polyurethane resins are used for this purpose; they foam upon contact with water and, expanding, they clog cavities, providing temporary waterproofing. Along with the undeniable advantages of these resins they have, significant drawback
- not long service life.
As a rule, after a year, and sometimes earlier, leaks form again in the repaired areas. The fact is that in most cases we use one-component polyurethane to localize leaks. The catalyst (accelerator), often mistaken for the second component, is not such.
The second component for them is water, without which polymerization of “one-component” resins is not possible. Such polyurethane resins are intended only for temporarily stopping leaks and are completely unsuitable for long-term waterproofing.
Another common mistake is considered to be the use in construction of injection materials intended for other purposes, for example intended for use in the mining industry! It should be borne in mind that in mining there are different requirements for materials and other priorities are set.
They are not asked like in construction high requirements to the quality of waterproofing, as well as increased requirements for the physical and mechanical properties of resins. It is no secret that the properties of polyurethane depend on the foaming coefficient, which in resins intended for construction is strictly limited in order to obtain a more dense structure. For the same reason, injection materials for construction have a significantly different pore structure, which causes more long terms services.
In order to provide the tasks required specifically for the construction industry, special, more expensive raw materials are used; in addition, the use of phenols in injection materials used in construction is prohibited.
“Low” price of construction injection materials should alert consumers.
Another important group of injection materials for injection waterproofing are acrylate (polyacrylate, methacrylate gels). They are indispensable when constructing expansion joints and shut-off waterproofing.
World experience and our practice over the past 10 years have shown significant advantages of injection waterproofing and injection technologies, which are most often applicable in the most hopeless cases.
Inject LLC is one of the informal leaders in the field production and use of injection waterproofing materials in Russia. Consumers have already been able to evaluate our materials and technologies at such facilities as:
- Moscow subway,
- Government House ("White House")
- building of the Presidential Office on Myasnitskaya Street,
- music school named after Gnesenkh,
- building of the tennis development fund in Russia,
- new Olympic swimming pool on Leningradskoye Shosse,
- Zagorskaya PSPP-2,
- Balakovo hydroelectric power station,
- Saratov hydroelectric power station,
- road tunnel No. 2 and railway tunnels No. 3 and 5 in Sochi, etc.
Over the years, we have supplied hundreds of tons of our products to various objects Russia. The most well-known injection waterproofing products include such brands as HansaCryl and Proflex.
