Advantages and disadvantages of decorative plaster. Which plaster is better - manual or mechanized? Features of cement-based plaster mixture

Analogs of finishing materials that have appeared recently have not at all diminished the role of ordinary plaster. This is not surprising, because it has not ceased to be a resistant and durable material, an excellent tool for leveling walls, a finish accessible to anyone. It is a pity that this preference does not apply to all types of plasters to a sufficient extent. Not so long ago, decorative plaster became available to the mass buyer. Among other materials, this is one of the best, with undoubted advantages and original advantages.

What is decorative plaster?

It usually resembles a paste that should be applied to the surface to be treated. It is used as an independent finishing material, or taken as a basis for any other.

Among its most common types are:

1. Structural. A granular mass, the basis of which is lime and cement, to which pieces of quartz are added, wood fiber or small pebbles. Sometimes both latexes and potassium silicate are used for its production.
2. Textured. Allows you to create relief shapes of varying complexity. The main ingredient in the plaster is lime flour (sometimes a polymer material), and marble or granite chips act as a filler.
3. Venetian. Transparent plaster that gives the impression of a wall made of marble. And to create magnificent paintings, color is added to it.

Kinds decorative plaster by connecting element

1. Mineral - cement based; dry mixture diluted with water.
2. Acrylic – based on acrylic resins; ready for sale.
3. Silicate - on potassium “liquid” glass; ready-made plaster need to mix well before use.
4. Silicone - on silicone resins; considered the most technologically advanced material.

It is widely used when interior decoration is carried out. It will decorate your home and outside in a special way.

Advantages of decorative plaster

It is easy to apply. In the store, along with the plaster itself, there are instructions with detailed descriptions, how to get the right solution, how to apply it to the walls. You can also easily buy a roller or staple that you need for work.

And the only difficulty is preparing the wall surface. Because it must be perfectly clean and well-dried after cleaning, and it must also be treated with a deep-penetrating primer and always of high quality. Otherwise, you will not be able to provide sufficiently strong adhesion of the finish to the surface. You plaster it and... order.

• It will easily hide the construction defects of the walls. Any bumps and nervousness on them will be perceived as intended this way from the very beginning. True, the irregularities that are most noticeable will still have to be eliminated and cracks and potholes repaired. If cellulose is present in the decorative plaster formula, it will cover small cracks and defects. Other solutions cannot cope with this.
• It will serve as an excellent insulator. To do this, the main condition must be met: the treatment is carried out only with a high-quality primer, and the plaster is used only of the required class.
• She is the most aesthetically attractive, original and unusual way room design, even if you used the most common plaster. By using it you can achieve a variety of effects.
• It will fit into any interior. There are no restrictions in terms of style choice, only your imagination.
• This is an environmentally friendly material. It consists only of natural elements, such as marble or granite crumbs, which are safe for humans. The plaster will not absorb odors and will not absorb harmful gases from the atmosphere. Non-toxic.
• It will last a long time.
• She does not require care, and temperature changes, even the most drastic ones, are not scary for her.

Advantages of different types of plaster

Mineral:

• Inexpensive.

Acrylic:

• It is easy to wash.
• Quick drying.
• No special requirements to the substrate.

Silicate:

• Stronger than mineral.
• Dirt doesn't attract you.

Silicone:

• Easy to apply.
• Easy to clean.
• Highly plastic.

Disadvantages of decorative plaster

To the disadvantages of this material often attributed to its high cost. But if you consider what the final result is and how durable it is, the price will seem reasonable and not too high. Sometimes when working with decorative plaster you cannot do without a professional. Its consumption for square meter The surface is quite large. If you have to get rid of a layer of decorative plaster, it can be quite difficult.

Minuses

Each type of decorative plaster has its own flaws.

Mineral:

• Only White color. If you need to give it any other look, you will have to paint it after plastering.
• Low resistance to mechanical stress and, as a result, the appearance of microcracks.

Acrylic:

• Flammable.
• Prohibition on the use of insulated facades mineral wool.
• Attracts dust.

Silicate:

• Small selection of colors.
• Before application, a silicate primer is required, which will require additional funds.
• Applying it requires some skill. Only a professional can provide such speed.

Silicone:

• Requires a special silicone primer.
• High price.

Some twenty years ago, when finishing the walls, you ended up with a gray wall that was rough to the touch. Today, with the help of decorative plaster, you can easily create the most bizarre design that your imagination can create. Good luck with your renovation!

Nowadays, few people can be surprised by wallpaper. Despite the fact that manufacturers in this area are constantly improving, inventing new technological processes for their production and external effects, such wall decoration has a number of significant disadvantages. An excellent alternative is decorative plaster. This is a safe and practical coating that looks beautiful and is easy to clean. There are many varieties of decorative plaster; you can choose the effect for each interior, room or building, taking into account their main purpose.

You can decorate the entire room or part of it: one or two walls, or even a small area. Plaster combines harmoniously with other types of finishes, and good choice shade and volumetric texture will ideally complement any interior.

The work of applying decorative plaster is carried out relatively easily and, if desired, you can master it yourself. To apply it, you do not need to thoroughly level the walls, and this is its additional advantage. The design of the wall covering can be either complex, in the Venetian style, for example, or romantic, ascetic - whatever! It all depends on your desire, taste and capabilities.

What is plaster made from, and what types does it come in?

Decorative plaster is completely safe for human health and the environment; its composition is usually based on one of such components as cement, acrylic or silicone. It is by the main ingredient that the material is classified, since the properties of the final product directly depend on it.

It is also important to use each type of plaster for its intended purpose and not otherwise.

1. If we are talking about exterior finishing, then only types are used for such work - they are more resistant to temperature changes, atmospheric conditions and ultraviolet radiation.
2. Interior decoration is the element of interior types of plasters.

When choosing one or another type of material, take into account the features of its operation. Will there be indoors high humidity or it is not heated - this determines what type of plaster is best to use. The type of design is also important - what the final result of the finishing should be, what types of relief, patterns and degree of roughness are provided for in the interior style. Let's consider the possible options.

It is made on a cement base and may also contain lime, sandstone, clay and similar components. Due to its composition, this type of plaster has affordable prices and a wide range.

It is sold as a dry mixture, which has a number of advantages:

1. Possibility of long-term storage at any temperature conditions. The dry mixture can be stored in unheated warehouses; it does not deteriorate at low or high temperatures. The main requirement is a dry room.
2. You can prepare any amount of plaster needed for the current work. This is especially convenient for finishing large areas when work lasts several days.
3. When preparing the working solution yourself, it is easy to vary its consistency. This may depend on the type of finish; for a smooth coating or work, a more liquid plaster is needed, and for a three-dimensional design, a thicker plaster is needed.

You already know that, first of all, the type of product depends on the conditions for which it will be used. If we are talking about façade work, then we must, naturally, give preference to materials that can withstand subzero temperatures, moisture and ultraviolet radiation.

It is also important here what result you plan to achieve: for a more rigorous appearance Simple acrylic plaster is suitable, not expensive and quite attractive, it can decorate the facade. However, if you can afford more durable materials at a higher cost, then, of course, you should prefer silicone plaster - it’s more expensive, but it will also last much longer!

If a simple smooth surface seems too primitive to you, you should pay attention to ready-made structural plasters - “lamb”, “bark beetle”, “fur coat” - they look more interesting and also last a long time.

When choosing a material, it is important whether you will do the coating yourself or entrust the work to specialists. If you plan to plaster yourself, choose materials that are easier to work with. This is the same “bark beetle” - you can correct flaws while working, or acrylic plaster, with which you can bring your fantasies to life. For beginners, plasters in finished form, just stir them before using. When buying dry mixtures, you need to very carefully observe the proportion with water, otherwise you will end up with a consistency that is not convenient for work and all plans will go down the drain.

2. Interior decoration of the premises.

But as for the interior decoration, the choice here is simply huge and there are many options. Again, think about what room you are planning to purchase decorative plaster for. If this is or, it is worth focusing on vapor and moisture resistant materials. Depending on financial capabilities, this can be acrylic, or better yet, silicone plaster. They perfectly withstand moisture, dampness and prevent the formation of fungus and mold.

Residential premises can be finished with absolutely any type of plaster intended for interior work! What is especially attractive is that the types of materials can be combined with each other, say, in a room decorated with mineral plaster of the same tone, to highlight some zones in the Venetian design. If there are columns or ledges, they can be perfectly decorated with flock plaster. One or two walls covered with structural plaster will favorably emphasize the overall style of the interior. Here you need to rely on your sense of taste, the size of the room and its purpose.

Conclusion

Decorative plaster - modern, environmentally friendly and practical material. With its help you can achieve various effects: from a simple imitation of water ripples to pompous Venetian stained glass windows. This material is durable and easy to maintain, which will allow you, once you make a repair, not to think about it for many years to come. The main thing here is to choose the right type of plaster that is really necessary and use it correctly, otherwise everything depends on your imagination!

The concept of “plaster” is not only the application of cement mortar to the surface of the wall, but also giving it artistic beauty. This can be in different colors and application technology.

Decorative plaster of walls has been known for a long time, it’s just that now it has reached a higher level and acquired updated forms. Full-fledged application processes have already been developed, and only the best components are used as materials.

Description and benefits

Wall decoration with decorative plaster- This is a special technological process for applying a cement mixture, but not a simple one. To ordinary plaster turned into decorative additives are used: color and structural. There are special plasters of a universal type, they are perfect for interior or exterior use.

To the main advantages decorative finishing can be attributed:

* Practicality, durability, long term operation. If the plaster is applied according to the instructions and technology, the coating will last a long time. In addition to an excellent finish, you can get a reliable coating that does not crack, is resistant to mechanical damage, and does not crumble.

* Masking effect. Initially, artistic plaster was performed in order to hide unevenness/defects on the walls and. Later it became so popular that now it is rare to see walls painted in only one tone.

* Universal purpose. Decorative plaster is a material that can be applied to any surface. Therefore, it is perfect for work both inside and outside.

* High degree of resistance to external negative factors. Negatives such as frost, moisture, and strong noise are absolutely not scary for the coating.

* Clean from an environmental point of view. To prepare decorative plaster mixtures, only natural ingredients are used. Therefore, the finish is non-toxic and does not absorb harmful atmospheric impurities.

The main disadvantages include only the high cost of the material, the cost of the work itself and the careful preparation of the future surface. In order to decorative plaster lay securely on wall/ceiling, the surface must be well prepared: remove old layers, degrease and coat.

An unusual interior can be created using decorative plaster for the ceiling.

Types of decorative plaster for walls

There are a great variety of technologies for applying decorative plaster; I would like to highlight the most popular among them:

* Textured plaster allows you to create the most incredible surfaces. A white substance (lime flour) is taken as a basis, then it is colored and various components (fibers, crumbs, particles and impurities) are added. Polymer materials have proven themselves to be excellent. The result is anything you want: an imitation of a wooden or stone surface, crumpled paper, and so on.

* “Venetian” type plaster has a complex technique: multi-layer application, grouting, bas-relief. However, it is precisely this that helps create drawings, pictures, and various imitations of stones on the surface. “Venetian” is very popular among designers, helping to create originality and uniqueness.

The basis of the composition is marble powder, which when diluted becomes transparent, and inclusions convey the structure of the marble itself. It is applied to perfectly smooth surfaces and perfectly imitates marble stone finishing. After application, the composition dries quickly, has no foreign odor, does not allow water to pass through, and has a high degree of wear.

* Structural plaster is very similar to textured plaster. It has a heterogeneous structure, the surface is embossed and granular. The main material is quartz chips, it can be either small or larger (from 0.6 to 3 mm).

The main advantage of this finish is its incredible plasticity, which makes it possible to give it different shapes. like this decorative plaster walls simply called " bark beetle».

The basis is a cement-lime substance, and water or organic matter acts as a solvent. Now the construction market offers ready-made mixtures in cans or buckets; you can paint them any color yourself.

Bark beetle plaster is used for both exterior and interior decoration.

* Mineral plaster simply irreplaceable for finishing, and all because it has an affordable price compared to the above. The base is cement, and the additive is mineral powder.

It is sold dry, but can be diluted with a water emulsion. After application it becomes white, then it can be given any shade. The only drawback can be considered low elasticity; over time, the plaster can crack and crumble.

* Plasters such as acrylic are based on additives from high molecular weight polymers. The main advantage of the finish is its high elasticity. However, it has a high degree of combustion, so it is not recommended to combine it with insulation.

* Finishing with silicone additives is an innovative solution in terms of coating. Its composition is dominated by silicone resins. It has a number of advantages and is perfect for interior decorative plaster walls.

And not only, due to the fact that silicone has the property of self-cleaning, this finish is used for outdoor work. Among the shortcomings are noted high price And special training surfaces before application.

* Silicate plaster is used only for exterior finishing. It contains harmful impurities and glass. Has high strength and elasticity. Application work requires special skills.

Options for decorative artistic plaster

Application process

The technology for applying decorative plaster will seem complicated at first. In fact, if there is necessary tools and materials, even a beginner can handle the finishing. The mixture can be purchased both ready-made and dry.

Regarding the preparation of the walls, it is not necessary to smooth it perfectly; during work, all defects and irregularities will be hidden. Decorative plaster is a flight of fancy and an opportunity to realize the most bold decisions.

First of all, you need to prepare the surface: old layers are removed, cracks are sealed, and defects that are too rough are removed. And that’s it, the wall is already ready for finishing as a “fur coat” or “bark beetle”. Other methods (Venetian, marble) will require smoother walls.

What tools are used to perform DIY decorative plaster? Different sizes spatulas, a wooden or plastic grater, a metal leveler, containers for mixing components and several rollers to add texture.

For each material there is detailed instructions, it is not recommended to neglect it. For example, to finish a small area you will need a small package and there is no need to purchase large containers of the mixture. Such work requires efficiency; after dilution, the composition quickly hardens.

To apply the mixture, use the most important tool - a spatula. When it thickens a little, you can add texture. Use a grater and skill own hands, and even your own imagination.

Beginners usually depict reliefs in a horizontal direction. You can use a shaped roller; it will make your work easier and help you create intricate patterns. The work must be carried out quickly, the solution dries instantly. Particular attention is paid to joints in order to avoid sagging.

After half an hour, you can use a metal trowel to smooth it out. After 24 hours, all unevenness and defects will be removed using sandpaper.

When the plaster has dried well, it can be painted. To do this you will need wax, the selected paint pigment and warm water(a quarter of the amount of wax). The components are thoroughly mixed and applied using a roller or bath sponge.

By rubbing the surface, the pattern is uniform. When 15 minutes have passed, pass over the surface with a damp cloth and the texture will immediately appear. They are especially good at wiping corners where wax and paint may remain. Then they begin painting with acrylic paint using mother-of-pearl.

Using a textured roller you can create patterns on decorative plaster

As for applying decorative plaster to the surface, this will require some skill. Ceiling surface must be flat (made of plasterboard), then a strip is attached to determine the application of the maximum thickness. Otherwise, the application technique is the same as for walls.

Before buy decorative plaster for walls, its features should be listed:

* Thick-layer plaster is applied only by hand;
* There is no need to dilute ready-made mixtures in containers;
* The water-based mixture is absolutely harmless, but is susceptible to environment;
* Marble plaster is applied using a spatula, by hand - a difficult and lengthy process;
*For material that has high degree adhesion, it is necessary to ensure reliable adhesion to the surface.

Almost all types of decorative plaster can be painted

Care

Depending on the plaster finish, wall care will vary. First of all, you need to know exactly what characteristics the coating has.

The textured surface quickly collects dust, wool and other foreign elements. You can fight them using a regular vacuum cleaner during spring cleaning. Dust likes to settle on smooth/glossy surfaces; remove it with a damp cloth or soft brush dipped in a mild soap solution.

More modern coatings already contain wax, varnish or glaze. They have an excellent ability to repel water or moisture (in the bathroom, swimming pool). It is contraindicated to strongly rub the plaster and use aggressive detergents.

If defects appear on the surface over time, they can be restored. It is better to entrust the work to a specialist and show technical documentation about the materials used. If there is a desire to refresh a tarnished surface, then to do this it is coated with an additional layer of varnish, mother-of-pearl or glitter.

Price and reviews

Depending on the manufacturer, prices for decorative plaster will be as follows:

* Plaster for “Venetian” style walls costs 500 rubles and more per square meter;
* Textured plaster for walls costs from 400 rubles per square meter and above;
* Plaster for mineral walls costs 200 rubles and more per square meter;

Georgy. I tried to decorate the walls with marble on my own. Right away, of course, I very much doubted whether it would work. But I read a lot of literature and watched a lot of video tutorials.

Now the hall in my house is a pride; I didn’t expect that the decoration would take on beautiful shapes. Honestly, I was in no hurry, I did the work step by step. If you strictly follow the instructions, then even a beginner can do the job.

Vadim. We have organized our own team and are working on construction work. To be honest, decorative plaster is in trend. It is so popular that we have thematic works ordered a year in advance. The most popular finish for wet and wet silk.

To level surfaces, materials of various compositions are used. It is necessary to decide which plaster is needed in each specific case - gypsum or cement - based on many parameters: type of base, operating conditions, type of future decorative coating, etc. It is not difficult to understand this issue if you know the characteristics of each plaster.

Any plaster mixture, regardless of composition, must perform functions in addition to leveling, such as sealing cracks and seams, improving the heat and sound insulation characteristics of the structure, and creating a fire retardant layer.

But this or that composition of the material already determines its additional properties, for example, water and frost resistance, the creation of a durable, smooth or textured surface, etc. Gypsum and cement plaster have much in common, but there are even more differences between them.

Advantages and disadvantages

If previously the components of such plaster were only cement itself, sand and lime, today mixtures are produced with many additives that improve its characteristics. It has become lighter, more flexible, adheres better to the surface being finished, and produces fewer cracks during shrinkage.

Therefore, the advantages of modern cement plasters can confidently include the following:

• Mechanical strength. Compared to other coatings, cement mixtures, after hardening, form real armor on the surface - strong, reliable, resistant to mechanical stress. That is why they are most often used in places with increased operational load.
• Moisture resistance. Due to the high density of the material, it almost does not absorb any water or moisture from the air, reliably protecting the base from its effects. Therefore, the choice: gypsum or cement plaster is simply not worth it when surfaces in wet rooms or outdoors are to be finished.
• High adhesion to mineral substrates– concrete, brick, cinder blocks, etc. With them cement plaster not only a mechanical bond occurs, but also a chemical one, the materials penetrate into each other, so the coating holds securely and does not collapse for a long time.

• Affordable price. When compared not only with gypsum, but also with other types of plasters, cement plasters are cheaper than others.

But nothing is perfect, and this material has its own negative features that must be taken into account when choosing plaster.

• The main disadvantage is the large weight of the coating, which creates significant load both on the walls and on the foundation.

Advice. The instructions require preliminary calculations of the permissible load, especially when repairing old foundations. To do this, it is necessary to determine the thickness of the leveling layer.

• Susceptible to shrinkage and cracking. When the water dries and evaporates, the plaster loses its original volume and becomes covered with cracks. Therefore, it is usually necessary to apply either an additional layer of plaster or putty the surface.

• Putty is also necessary if walls or ceilings are being prepared for painting (see), wallpapering, since surfaces after cement plaster have a rough, rough texture.
• Labor intensive and difficult to apply. Working with such material is quite difficult, not only because of its weight, but also because of its poor ductility.
• Long drying period. It takes up to several weeks for the plaster layer to gain normal strength and completely get rid of moisture, which affects the repair time.

It seems to the average buyer that wall plaster is a specific type of finishing material. Often, ignorance of the classification stops the purchase. In fact, plaster mixtures cover a wide range of materials. They differ in composition, purpose, and service life. Even little knowledge from this area will allow you to buy the right type raw materials.

Features and purpose

In the classical sense, plaster is anything that can be coated with walls during the construction process. These are mixtures developed in accordance with GOST requirements. Their basis is a binder. In addition to it, the composition includes various additives. Most of them have a narrow purpose, which explains the wealth of choice.

Each specific case has its own nuances of use and preparation of the base. However, the basic rules for such materials are the same: they are applied to the wall, then leveled.

The purpose of the mixtures is extensive, it depends on the composition of the plaster. Due to this, the mixtures can be used for finishing unheated rooms (for example, an attic). Other components even require operation in harsh conditions. They can withstand winter temperatures down to -40 degrees. Others are designed specifically for wet rooms, where finishing materials need to resist critical conditions. Some are resistant to temperature changes, differing in their special structure.

Depending on the composition, they differ into starting and finishing compositions.

Rough

By rough plaster we mean a mixture, which itself is the basis for the finishing material. Usually the surface is trimmed with it. Outwardly, it is often unremarkable, its appearance is far from aesthetic. It is a viscous or sandy mass of a gray or clayey hue.

Such materials are widely used as base preparation. They are suitable for leveling the surface, masking potholes, chips, and filling cracks.

This material works as a dental solution for filling and building teeth. The composition includes a binder that prevents further destruction of the walls. They fill the cracks, then trim and polish the surface. The difference is the fact that this plaster needs beautiful material on top of it. It can be paper (wallpaper), drywall, lining, wood, plastic, glass (mirror), laminate, siding, metal or finishing plaster.

Finishing

Finishing material is usually understood as compositions with decorative purposes. They are not the basis for other finishing materials. This is the main difference between the two types of plaster. They are not used as rough material due to their higher cost. As a rule, the price for such plaster is much higher.

The compositions also differ in appearance. Their structure is viscous and elastic, but the grain size is much smaller. The grains of sand are not visible and cannot be felt when rubbing the mass between your fingers. This mixture lays on the surface differently. Working with her is pleasant and easy.

Apply such compositions in a thin layer. Often to get best result or for a special effect in finishing, one material is applied in 2 - 3 layers. Separate varieties cover the walls up to 5 times, mixing different shades in order to obtain a unique appearance. The layer thickness in this case should not exceed 1 mm.

To achieve this, the method of applying the mass is chosen to be automated. It allows you to speed up the spraying procedure and saves the raw materials used by up to 40%.

What's better?

It is impossible to single out one type or name a universal one for any conditions and needs. For this reason, it is impossible to say which one is better. If the plaster mixture is not used for its intended purpose, it will not be durable. This usually leads to its peeling off from the base, even with high-quality surface preparation and increased adhesion. If the plaster moves away from the wall, it will not be possible to correct it unnoticed.

The base color of the plaster depends on its composition (base and additives). For example, sometimes the mass has a concrete tint. If there is clay in it, the color may be off-white or brownish. Lime gives a white color. The gypsum-based mass dries lighter and becomes bleached sulfur. Decorative mixtures are distinguished by a white tone with varying degrees of purity.

Typically, the manufacturer's brand provides its products with a number of recommendations for the convenience of the buyer. The marking indicates what type of work the material is intended for (for example, leveler, interior decoration). It also marks the type of recommended surface (for brick, concrete bases, foam blocks, foam finishing). You need to choose the one that corresponds to the specific base and type of work(external or internal, preparatory or finishing).

Even a process such as plastering a doorway has material requirements. The solution used when installing double-glazed windows also differs. One type cannot be replaced by another: The mass will not hold as it should. The sealing solution will not replace the decorative mixture.

Each type is designed taking into account different thicknesses of the applied layer. It differs in drying time and conditions.

Advantages of decorative mixtures

Finishing mixtures used to decorate walls have a number of advantages:

• They are aesthetically attractive. Plaster is an alternative to many finishing materials. The idea of ​​decorating walls with it is fresh and therefore in demand.
• The mixtures are a quality product. They are performed on modern equipment on new technologies. This improves the performance characteristics of the mixtures.
• Plaster solutions are environmentally friendly. They are safe even for allergy sufferers; during service they do not emit toxic substances into the air.
• Plaster can have different colors. The composition provides for a color change due to the usual tint. You can vary the color saturation.

• Most of the solutions developed absorb noise. This allows you to reduce annoying noise from neighboring apartments or the street.
• The materials are wall insulators. Even a thin layer helps reduce heat loss, which is noticeable in the cold season.
• PVA glue can be added to any type of plaster. It improves the quality and performance characteristics of the compositions.
• Such materials are base correctors. They are able to level the surface if it is almost flat.
• The mixtures are variable in the choice of effect. You can choose an option for a specific interior style, indicating its affiliation.

• Decorative material strengthens the base. The structure is not subject to destruction. Finishing is applied manually and by machine.
• The mixtures are durable. With the correct application and decoration technology, they will last more than 10 years without the need for adjustments.
• The materials are resistant to ultraviolet radiation. They do not fade under the sun, whether it is a finishing facade raw material or a solution for interior work.

The composition includes additives that increase the life cycle of the plaster mass. This increases the time of use and adjustments if necessary. You can apply more solution to create whole, continuous lines.

In addition, decorative plaster is fireproof. It is distinguished by unlimited possibilities for simulating different textures.

Flaws

In addition to its advantages, plaster also has disadvantages:

• Not all materials are resistant to condensation. Over time, even cement masses are destroyed by it.
• No type of composition can be applied in a thick layer. The work time increases, failure to comply with the technology leads to cracking of the plaster, and the wall may become deformed.
• The consistency of any mixture must be correct. Its modification will cause a deterioration in the appearance of the coating and will complicate the application of the composition to the walls.

• Some categories of compounds do not meet the stated requirements. More often this is due to counterfeiting of goods from famous brands.
• The individual mixtures are washed off with each cleaning. Some compositions must be coated with diluted varnish, while others cannot be protected from abrasion.
• Decorative coatings with relief are difficult to maintain. Dust settles in the recesses, it is not easy to remove it, sometimes it hurts the skin of your hands.

Types and properties

The range of plastering products covers a wide range of coatings. On store shelves you can buy different options - from elastic and flexible to vapor-permeable velvet.

For example, today buyers are in demand for plaster:

• sanitizing;
• perlite;
• polymer;
• gypsum perlite;

• cement;
• plaster;
• magnetic;
• limestone.

Clay plaster mass is made independently. Today it is rarely used.

Based on the binder, mixtures can be acrylic, mineral, silicone and silicate.

Acrylic

Acrylic coatings They are distinguished by the special elasticity of the applied layer. The basis is a high molecular weight polymer. The origin of the dyes included in the composition can be organic or inorganic. These are decorative solutions; on store shelves they are presented in the form of a ready-made paste in buckets. The disadvantages are low vapor permeability and instability to ultraviolet rays.

Mineral

The main binding component of mineral solutions is cement. These are formulations that are sold in powder form. They have a relatively affordable price and are designed for bathroom walls due to their moisture resistance. For the same reason they are used in the decoration of facades.

Such compositions are not afraid of weather factors and changes in season. They are considered one of the best environmental materials. They are not subject to fading, but are vulnerable to significant mechanical shock.

Silicone

Such analogues are based on synthetic resinous substances. This is a simple and easy-to-use finishing material. Depending on the composition, it can be used inside and outside the building and, unlike analogues, repels dust and is resistant to the absorption of foreign odors.

The plaster is distinguished by its plasticity; during application it creates moisture-resistant protection, due to which is a suitable material for use in finishing wall coverings of bathrooms, bathhouses, dressing rooms. Considered a good choice for rooms with high humidity levels.

This is especially true for apartment buildings with broken construction technology, including a ventilation system that is insufficient or completely absent.

Silicate

Such options differ from the general line of the main component in the form of liquid glass. It is a mixture of alkaline potassium carbonate, quartz sand and potassium hydroxide. Along with water-repellent ability, silicate types of plaster mixtures are characterized by particular strength. This layer, after drying, is reliable and resistant to mechanical damage.

This material prevents rotting of the material for which it is the basis. It is resistant to mold fungi, quite viscous and fire-resistant. It is presented on store shelves as a finished product with different colors.

Silicate finishes are considered one of the best, reliable and durable finishes in the craftsman industry. It is designed for 30 - 50 years of operation.

Release form

Market building materials jam-packed with offers to suit different tastes and budgets. It’s easy to get lost among the wealth of choice. All products can be divided into 2 types according to the form of release. These are raw materials in the form of semi-finished products and finished plastering materials.

Dry plaster compositions are presented at modern market in powder form different types and composition. They are not connected with gypsum fiber sheets. More often they are sold in standard bags of 25 - 30 kg. Sometimes the packaging is smaller (2, 5, 10 kg). The components are balanced in such a way that the mass meets the stated requirements and practicality. The raw materials are prepared for use using ordinary water at room temperature.

The manufacturer indicates the amount of water on the packaging itself. Typically, 6 kg of mixture requires 0.2 liters of water.. However, in addition to the basic components, brands provide for the combination of components with additives as desired. More often this is a color scheme, since the addition of other inclusions will not be transferred to to the extent necessary. For this reason, certain types of coatings are decorated in different ways after they have dried.

Ready-made mixtures are a self-sufficient finishing material. Unlike dry analogues, this plaster is exclusively finishing or decorative. Release form: plastic buckets of various sizes (5, 10 kg and more). It does not need to be diluted; the mass has the desired consistency, reminiscent of a paste. Often it is already painted, which increases its cost.

However color solutions such material often leaves one wanting for better. You can only find pink, beige or wood finishing material on sale.. Of course, a ready-made tone is convenient if there is a large amount of work to be done. There is no need to tint and select each portion of the mixture. However, often a buyer wants to decorate the interior of a home with a coating with a shade that is not commercially available.

The average buyer does not always know that not a single plaster composition is mixed all at once. Even experienced master with professional equipment does not use a composition on all walls, the life cycle of which is short. Dry mixture will be the best solution.

In order not to doubt the shade adjustment, you need to write down the amount of color and use a measure for each batch.

The finished mass is often thicker than its powder counterpart. When you open the container, its properties begin to change. Dry varieties also dry out, but their life cycle is slightly longer. Other factors also speak in favor of the powder. This material is cheaper, easy to maintain, and when using it, excess plaster is practically impossible. This is due to the small portions of the batch.

All types of plaster material can be divided into several categories.

Special

The category of special plaster coatings includes varieties with special fillers. This is a kind of shielding insulating layer. One type of such material is an X-ray protective mixture.

Besides basic set requirements stated in GOST, it is protected from electromagnetic radiation and has an inexpensive price. Thickness protective coating usually small. The work must be carried out quickly, since docking in this process is unacceptable.

An interesting option for plaster mixtures is the acid-resistant variety. It is used mainly in facilities where walls are exposed to aggressive acid fumes (in industrial workshops, laboratories). The basis for such raw materials is a product based on liquid glass. The composition includes quartzite and stone flour.

To prevent the glass from breaking due to exposure to air, another layer of plaster is applied on top of such a coating. Typically this is a cement-sand based product followed by ironing.

Decorative

This category includes one of the best lines of plaster mixtures. These are special mixtures with the best decorative capabilities. This plaster can be ready-made or powder. In the second case, the master has the opportunity to implement the design idea. Particularly advanced finishers sometimes make unusual types of plaster material from classic putty.

For the average buyer, brands offer to make work easier. On sale you can find mother-of-pearl, Italian, Viennese and French plasters. The roller texture, latex plastic, wet silk is noteworthy. Each mass differs in color, effect and method of application.

For example, to Versailles plaster was transferred correctly, it is sprayed with silver after drying. Venetian is applied in several thin layers. When applying each layer, alternate tiny portions of the plaster mass and stretch them into each other.

One of the fashionable designs is the craquelure technique.(crack effect with a glimpse of the main tone). "Bark beetle" conveys the texture of wood sharpened by a beetle. "Fur coat" obtained by rolling a nap roller over a fresh plaster surface.

To add texture you can use different techniques. Rollers wrapped in cellophane, crumpled newspaper, nails, fingers, special plastic trowels and trowels are appropriate. The best decoration for such surfaces is stucco molding on top of the cladding.

Facade

IN this category includes compositions for exterior finishing walls They differ from internal analogues in their resistance to any weather factors. As a rule, their structure is not destroyed by frost, gusts of wind, precipitation, or ultraviolet radiation. These are particularly durable types of plaster material. Their main criterion for demand is durability.

However, these types of material are particularly demanding in terms of the choice of base. Options for cellular and lightweight bricks will not withstand heavy compositions. They will not be able to level such a base, because cement-sand or cement-lime masses can cause deformation of such coatings. Externally, the plaster coating will begin to tear away from the base and become covered with cracks.

Acoustic

Acoustic plaster is a special mixture whose purpose is to reduce noise. Previously, this material was used mainly in the decoration of industrial workshops, as well as cinemas and concert halls. Today, this raw material is indispensable in cases of curvilinear architectural forms. They completely replace Acustic systems where it is impossible to make them due to the design features of the structure.

These varieties are suitable for decorating rooms with echoes. This is usually wall decoration in rooms with floor tiles or marble. These options differ from the basic composition by the inclusion of pumice, expanded clay, slag, perlite or vermiculite. The density of the mass with an acoustic effect varies from 500 to 1300 kg/m.

However, it is not advisable to paint or whitewash such plaster: this reduces the level of sound insulation.

Heat protection

Such options for plaster raw materials prevent heat loss. They isolate the room or communications. The composition may include granulated polystyrene foam, hydromica or perlite, which is a mineral of volcanic origin. These varieties are called warm in the language of builders.

A characteristic feature of such compositions is their low weight with a significant volume. Thermal protection itself light plaster, it is able to maintain the desired microclimate indoors. Due to this, there is often no need additional insulation façade surfaces with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. The texture of the material is pleasant to work with.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing plaster mixture is a material based on waterproof polymers. Such options are used to protect buildings from moisture and steam. They are relevant in the decoration of bathrooms, combined bathrooms, balconies. In addition, moisture-resistant waterproofing suitable for work in basements, insulating the walls of swimming pools, baths and saunas from moisture.

We will use this material where the plastered surface is subject to hydraulic loads from constant contact with water. The binder of such plaster is resins based on polyurethane or acrylic, as well as epoxy analogues.

An interesting technique for enhancing adhesion and increasing water-repellent properties when treating a surface is the application method. Such solutions are applied using a toncrete gun.

Difference in quality: where is it used?

By technological map plaster can be made in 3 options, which explain its quality characteristics. The method of application depends on this.

Craftsmen divide work with plaster into 3 stages:

• splash(base layer for plaster);
• priming(leveling layer);
• cover(finish coating).

Simple

This solution can be applied in 1 layer with or without grinding in non-residential premises. There is no need for covering here. Additional layers are not needed: the coating is rubbed immediately after applying the mass. To do this, use a plastic grater. The process is far from simply spreading material on the wall.

The cement-lime mixture is stretched without beacons and leveled using the rule. The maximum layer thickness can be up to 2 cm. The texture of such compositions can be rough, but always smooth.

Improved

This mass is applied in 3 layers (includes spray, primer and covering), used in residential and non-residential premises. The consistency of the first one is more liquid, which is necessary to enhance adhesion. Wherein layer thickness should not exceed 0.5 cm.

The main load is created on the soil layer. Its thickness can reach 1 cm, but no more: you need to leave it for the third layer.

If you initially plan a thick layer, you cannot do without a reinforcing mesh. A composition based on gypsum and lime is suitable.

High quality

This variety differs from the previous ones in the identity of all layers. It is characterized by the accuracy of the work performed. These are polymer mixtures with beacon installation. In the classical method of work, they are fixed by level and cord, achieving vertical and horizontal accuracy. This best variety for interior wall decoration.

The technology includes 3 stages (spray, primer and covering). Typically, lime-based compounds are not used for such work. Grinding is done using a metal spatula or grater.

The main difference from all types is the size of permissible deviations during quality control.

Tools

Working with plaster requires the availability of certain equipment. It may vary in each case, depending on the type of material used.

The basic kit includes:

• mixing container;
• construction mixer with a special attachment;
• container for the set;
• spraying tool (hopper, spray gun);
• trowel or trowel;
• rule;

• guides;
• ironer;
• level;
• roulette;
• tool for forming a pattern.

In addition, you may need beacons, a grinder or metal scissors, a Phillips screwdriver, drills, a hammer and a hammer drill.

Application

Plaster can be used in the construction and finishing of structures of any type. Its use is appropriate for work in apartment buildings and private (country and country) houses. To understand exactly what mass is needed, it is worth starting from the conditions in which the material is planned to be used.

It is useful for industrial facilities, new buildings, as well as public buildings:

• clinics, hospitals;
• swimming pools, baths, saunas;
• administrative institutions;
• hotels, clubs, cafes;

• cinemas, studios;
• educational centers;
• gyms;
• educational institutions (kindergartens, schools, institutes).

On the market, such products have their own classification. To save time studying the assortment, you should decide in advance on the type of surface and choose required material. Sellers will always tell you which vapor-proof mixture is better, explain the subtleties of products with sawdust, and the differences in grain size. They will definitely focus on the best qualities of the product, especially if the plaster is fireproof, cork, X-ray protective or volumetric.

The special properties of the finished mixture and its special effect are almost always noted. This material offers a lot of design possibilities. It is comparable to a canvas on which you can convey inner world through curly lines or patterns due to the material different shades. The basis for the images is a smooth type of finished surface. This is the finishing touch.

Finishing walls with plaster will be durable if you choose it correctly according to the type of base. In some cases it should be vapor-permeable, and sometimes, on the contrary, vapor-tight.

Brick

Depending on the type of work (internal or external), you need to plaster brick walls different materials. The right type raw materials are cement-sand based mixtures. Indoors, you can use a variety with an admixture of lime.

The maximum permissible layer thickness is 3 cm. A chain-link mesh should be attached under the plaster. Due to this, the solution will be better retained on the surface.

When adding lime, you need to take not the dry component, but the lime dough. Finishing facing bricks is a little more complicated. Here, an ordinary chain-link is not always effective, so you have to select the reinforcing mesh especially carefully. Besides, you need to prime the surface before applying the solution.

The main composition of the mixture is sand, cement, lime paste and water for dilution.

Concrete

Surface concrete base can be smooth or rough. In the first case, to enhance adhesion, it is necessary to treat it with a primer with quartz chips. A cement-based mixture with the addition of gypsum is used as plaster.. Its inclusion enhances adhesion.

For interior decoration, you can use a composition of 3-4 parts lime and 1 part gypsum., stirring it with lime liquid.

If the walls are rough, there is no need for complex preparation. The plaster will lay well on them and will stick better. For exterior wall decoration, it is better to use cement varieties. The inside of the wall floors can also be treated with gypsum material.

To enhance adhesion and make the structure homogeneous, it is better to treat the walls with a primer with high penetrating ability (Betonokontakt) before plastering.

Tree

Wooden house needs to special attention when decorating walls. The mass should protect the wood from rotting and mold formation. In addition, it must resist rodents and termites. Plastering a house made of timber can be carried out a year after construction. You need to wait for the shrinkage process to complete. Facade plastering is usually done with a lime-cement mixture..

Besides, use compositions with clay. Of all the varieties, it is more suitable for conditions of high humidity and is compatible with any temperature conditions of the region. The partitions are finished predominantly with a lime-gypsum composition. The gypsum analogue is suitable exclusively for interior decoration.. It cannot be called the best; in high humidity it peels off from the base.

To enhance the decorative effect, after drying, the plastered surface is treated with CMC glue or wax mastic.

GVL

Plastering gypsum fiber sheets is necessary for sealing and leveling tile joints. It allows you to strengthen the adhesion of the GVL base to the finishing materials applied to them. This is also necessary to level out the absorbent capacity of drywall. For this They use dry plaster mixtures based on gypsum and polymers and ready-made analogues made from polymers.

The fraction of filler grains may be different. This depends on the type of putty used. The layer can fill exclusively the microrelief or it can be used as a starting leveler. The putty is tightened in such a way that the seam is almost invisible. Typically the layer thickness does not exceed 1 mm.

Life cycle The material is limited, so you need to apply the plaster quickly.

For wallpaper, painting, tiles

Finishing materials are used to prepare the base for further finishing. Plaster for painting should be fine-grained. These are compositions based on gypsum or polymers. Essentially, this is a base in the form of three-dimensional plaster that is painted. This decorative technique looks unusual, but it allows you to update the background of the wall ceilings and disguise the correction if you have to dismantle the damaged area.

Typically, water-based paint is used for such coatings. Paint the dry wall using a roller, rolling it over the entire area. If you want to give the painted surface a slight vintage touch, the protruding dots are sprayed with a sponge and silver.

Varieties for wallpaper - gypsum compositions with a pleasant texture. They allow for fine finishing. In rare cases, its thickness reaches 5 mm.

If the percentage of humidity in the room is high, cement mortar must be used instead of gypsum-based materials.

It is not afraid of moisture and dampness, and is a universal wall leveler. However, if the fractions in its composition are large, after such plaster you have to use putty (for example, oil or acrylic).

Under tiles use classic cement mortars in bags. It is easier for the average person to recognize them by the mark “tile adhesive”. Externally, it is a gray granular mass that needs to be diluted with water. The grain size of the mixture depends on the sand. The consistency is selected according to the indicated marking. The composition should not flow from the walls.

To avoid the material being pulled away from the walls and the formation of cracks, craftsmen add PVA glue to it.

On other surfaces

In addition to traditional materials, today plaster is purchased for wall decoration from:

• aerated concrete;
• foam concrete;
• penoplex;
• expanded polystyrene;
• OSB boards;
• gas silicate blocks.

It is rarely used for finishing adobe walls. The tongue-and-groove blocks from which the structure is constructed do not need to be plastered. It is believed that putty is enough for them, and the surface is already flat and smooth. Other options are more suitable for emphasizing small areas rather than monolithic perimeter coverings. Plaster under penoplex should be light.

The color mixture is made using acrylic base with addition marble chips. It is good for finishing mineral surfaces. It is distinguished by water-repellent properties and structural hardness. The range includes about 15 different shades, including beige, coral, terracotta, pink, mustard and turquoise tones. This material is intended for indoor and outdoor use. It should be applied exclusively to a dry base in a thin layer.

A roller mixture of natural origin is good for finishing facade walls.. Here you can also use DSP (for example, when working with siding). Types based on cement and sand are good for eliminating obvious potholes and chips, crooked walls in a private or apartment building.

Latex plastic is suitable for different types of material. It is used for interior finishing of traditional floor materials (concrete, brick, wood), as well as plasterboard, aerated concrete, and foam blocks. This material is resistant to deformation. Due to its elasticity, it does not crack and has a marble texture.

Metal- Not best type bases for plaster. If the issue of application is fundamental, you cannot do without welding the chain-link mesh. This way the plaster will stick better. Other ways of working are ineffective. Using a primer will not prevent the surface from cracking and peeling from the metal base.

Clay walls are plastered on the outside lime mortars . Cement options are not suitable here. They will crumble due to their heaviness. Interior decoration can be done via gypsum mixture. Clay can be white, red, gray and yellow. The reinforcing component of the mixture is sawdust. Due to them, the composition becomes more reliable.