Water-based paint production technology. Equipment for the production of acrylic paints

Business ideas for small-scale production of paints and varnishes have always been promising, and proof of this is the active development of the market for these products over the past 7-8 years. However, this development was largely due to large volumes of imports, and we will talk about our own production.

Analysts agree that at the moment there is a certain shortage in the market for varnishes and paints, and the reason for this is partly the fact that the production of these products is operating at only half its capacity. Only 10 factories in Russia produce paints and varnishes. According to forecasts, by 2015 the market size will grow by 31% compared to 2009.

Production of products and implementation of business ideas

The first element that is necessary to implement the idea is a heated room with a water storage tank and running water. An electricity supply of 220 V is also required. Alternatively, a regular garage will do.

There are many different types paints, but at the start it is advisable to choose only one type, which you will produce. In the future, the range can be expanded when income appears. Preference can be given to water-dispersion paints, because according to many entrepreneurs, these paints are the most popular on the market and less competitive. Most manufacturers produce alkyd and oil paints and enamels. For some reason, the share of these particular materials on the Russian market is small. However, they are quite good, environmentally friendly, durable and easy to use. Wherein the production of water-dispersed materials is simpler and, most importantly, cheaper, so it’s ideal for you to start with.

In fairness, it is necessary to mention the disadvantage - difficulty in promoting a product on the market. Previously, domestic manufacturers produced this paint, but they were very cheap and of frankly low quality. The stereotype remains, so people are very suspicious of this product. Immediately before organizing production, you need to find distribution channels that will allow you to insure yourself against risks.

The production process itself involves 2 stages: the production of pigments and their subsequent mixing. Typically, small enterprises purchase the bulk of the materials, while large enterprises produce them themselves.

The production technology will depend on the volume of products you produce, as well as on the type of material itself. The price of the equipment will be approximately 100-200 thousand rubles. For example, the cost of a technological line for impregnations and primers, the productivity of which is 1000 kg/hour, costs approximately 150 thousand rubles. A line for the production of paints and varnishes (including other medium-viscosity materials) costs 180 thousand rubles. A plant (production line) for the production of putties will cost 120-130 thousand rubles.

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Production paint and varnish materials was and remains one of the most promising and profitable investments. Varnishes and paints are the most common and one of the most affordable finishing materials. Despite the fact that the domestic industry is developing quite actively in this segment, nevertheless, the competition is not yet so high, and new business has every chance of success.

Over the past 6-7 years, the market volume of paints and varnishes has been constantly increasing. However, this growth was mainly due to imports, the share of which before the crisis was more than 20%. Over the past two years, this market has shrunk by 2.4%.

Russian manufacturers produce mainly solvent-borne materials (paints, varnishes, primers, putties), water-dispersed paints and varnishes, intermediates (drying oils, solvents) and oil-based paints. Moreover, in the segment of the chemical and petrochemical industry, the production of varnishes and paints takes up only 2.5% of the total output.

Analysts note that there is a shortage of domestic products in the market for paints and varnishes, although production capacities for the production of these finishing materials are less than half occupied. Only ten Russian factories produce about 70% of the total production of varnishes and paints. However, small enterprises still retain a significant share of local markets on a local and regional scale.

According to experts, by 2015 the market volume will reach 1,511 thousand tons, which is 31% more than in the crisis year of 2009.

Classification of paints and varnishes

First, let's look at the definition and classification of manufactured varnishes and paints.

Paint and varnish materials, according to GOST 28246-2006, are liquid, paste or powder materials that, when applied to the surface to be painted, form a coating that has protective, decorative or special properties. technical properties. All paints and varnishes are usually divided into three groups: basic, intermediate and others. Basic materials include:

varnish – a paint and varnish material that forms a transparent coating when applied;
paint - a liquid or paste-like pigmented material that contains drying oil as a film-forming substance various brands or an aqueous dispersion of synthetic polymers and which forms an opaque coating when applied;
enamel – a liquid or paste-like pigmented paint and varnish material that has a paint and varnish medium in the form of a solution of a film-forming substance and forms an opaque coating when applied;
a primer that, when applied to the surface to be painted, forms an opaque or transparent uniform coating with good adhesion to the surface being painted and to the coating layers;
putty is a paste or liquid paint and varnish material that is applied to the surface before painting to smooth out unevenness and obtain a smooth surface.

Intermediate paints and varnishes are used primarily as semi-finished products. These include:

drying oil - a product of processing vegetable oils with the addition of driers (substances that accelerate the film formation of paints and varnishes) to speed up drying;
resin – solid or semi-solid organic material, which softens or melts when exposed to a certain temperature;
solvent - a single- or multi-component volatile liquid that evaporates upon drying and completely dissolves the varnish or paint;
thinner - a single- or multi-component volatile liquid that does not have a harmful effect on the properties of varnish or paint;
Drying agent is an organometallic compound that is usually added to certain paints and varnishes to speed up the drying process.

There is also another type of paint and varnish materials - the so-called auxiliary and auxiliary materials. This group of materials includes:

a remover designed to remove old paint coatings;
mastic - adhesive, finishing or sealing compositions based on organic binders and other substances, forming a plastic mass, which under certain conditions can turn into a solid state;
hardener - a substance introduced into varnish or paint to “crosslink” the macromolecules of the film-forming substance;
accelerator – a substance that accelerates the formation of cross-links between molecules and promotes rapid drying of the paint layer.

In addition, there are several types of paints and varnishes based on the type of main binder. According to this classification, paint and varnish materials can be distinguished:

based on polycondensation resins;
based on natural resins;
based on polymerization resins;
based on cellulose ethers.

Production of paints and varnishes

For the production of paints and varnishes, it is necessary to select a heated room with an area of 3 square meters. m with running water and water storage, as well as a voltage of 220 V. As can be seen from the requirements, at the first stage of your work, a garage of sufficient area will be enough. To begin with, it is best to choose a specific type of product that you will produce. In the future, when your income allows, you can think about expanding the range.

Many entrepreneurs who consider the paint and varnish products segment from the point of view of attractiveness for investment note that the market for water-dispersed paints and varnishes has the greatest development potential. Domestic manufacturers are mostly focused on the production of oil and alkyd paints and enamels. As a result, almost a third of the volume of consumed water-dispersed materials are imported products.

Indeed, on Russian market The share of this type of product is significantly lower than global indicators, despite the fact that these materials are easy to use, environmentally friendly and relatively durable. In addition, the production of water-dispersion paints requires a smaller budget than the production of other paints and varnishes.

In the production of water-dispersed materials there is only one significant drawback. Thanks to for a long time these products, produced by domestic manufacturers, were distinguished by a low price and even lower quality, the promotion of Russian paints and varnishes (even if they High Quality and competitive price) in our market is associated with high costs and difficulties. Therefore, at the very first stage of organizing and establishing own production think over possible distribution channels for your products.

The production of paints and varnishes consists of two stages: the production of semi-finished products (varnishes, pigments, etc.) and their mixing. As a rule, small enterprises purchase the bulk of the materials, while large enterprises produce them themselves.

The choice of technological lines for the production of paints and varnishes depends on what materials and in what volume you are going to produce. The approximate cost of such equipment ranges from 100 to 200 thousand rubles.

For example, a line for the production of primers, impregnations and other low-viscosity materials with a mixer capacity of 1000 kg/hour will cost about 160 thousand rubles. Process line for the production of paints, varnishes and other low- and medium-viscosity materials costs approximately 180 thousand rubles. Equipment for the production of construction putties will cost a more modest amount - up to 140 thousand rubles.

From raw materials you will need various fillers, pigments, binders, thickeners. The purchase of the first batch will cost about 150 thousand rubles. Additional expenses(approximately 50 thousand rubles) will be used for packaging finished paints and varnishes.

The technology for producing varnishes and paints is quite simple. For example, for the production of water-dispersed materials, a dissolver-mixer is used, which mixes all components and simultaneously disperses loose paint elements with a milling mixer. For pumping finished paint and dispersion through pipelines, special screw pumps, which do not destroy the dispersion and retain all the consumer properties of the paint. If necessary, the finished paint is filtered and packaged in polymer containers. Please note that water-dispersion paints are an aggressive environment with a pH value of 8 and above. Therefore, in production it is highly desirable to use equipment and communications pipes made of stainless steel.

If you plan to work independently at first, you will need the help of another worker. In the future, as production volumes increase, you will have to organize round-the-clock duty and, accordingly, increase your staff. In addition to the working staff, you are unlikely to be able to do without the help of an accountant (he can also be a visiting one), as well as a sales manager finished products, if you have no experience in this.

So, to organize your own small production of paints and varnishes you will need at least 350-400 thousand rubles. Add to this monthly expenses to pay rent, communications and wages(subject to availability of employees).

The cost of finished products, your profit and the profitability of your business directly depend on what materials and in what volume you produce, as well as on whether you can create sufficient demand for them. With proper business management, the payback on such production is very high and can range from 2-3 months.

Profitability of production of paints and varnishes

The profitability (the ratio of net income to gross revenue) of the production of paints and varnishes depends on the specific product and is on average 15% in the industry, while the profitability retail sales such products are 3-4 times higher. According to the most optimistic estimates, profit from one ton of paints and varnishes can reach 30-35 thousand rubles, and monthly income at average production volumes can reach 300 thousand rubles.

Video about the production of paints and varnishes

Those undertakings are profitable whose results are in demand. We will talk about one of them today. In particular, we will consider the features of the implementation of an idea based on production water-based paints.

Composition of water-based paints:

water;
connecting elements;
pigments.

These components do not have negative influence on human and ecosystem health. This is one of the obvious advantages of business - there is no need for a certificate of conformity for paint. At the same time, you cannot do without a voluntary certificate, to obtain which you will have to visit an accredited body specializing in certification.

Legalization of a future endeavor

2 OPFs available:

entity;
individual.

When choosing a business registration form, you need to be guided by the amount of tax. The taxation system for LLCs is “simplified”. You can go the other way - register the business as an individual entrepreneur.

Equipment

The set of units is small. It includes:

dissolver;
eurocube;
bead mill;
an automatic line that pours and packages paint.

The dissolver mixes the original components of the paint. Fast disk rotation guarantees high efficiency crushing ingredients. The dissolver is equipped with a high-speed milling mixer, the speed of which is adjustable. That is, you can set the optimal production volume.

Among other things, the dissolver extends the “life” of the mill, which is necessary for homogenizing ingredients. Modern mills used in the production of water-based paints are highly productive and produce high-quality products. Therefore, it is not worth saving on this unit. The material for the mill body, sieves is durable metal, which is not afraid of corrosive processes.

The packaging line is represented by:

conveyor belt;
system feeding containers;
mechanism that seals the lids;
storage unit.

A few words about the composition of the paint

The minimum number of ingredients is 10, the ceiling is 15. In their structure, latex accounts for 40%, pigments and other fillers – 37%, plasticizers – 3%, titanium dioxide (plus esters) – 9%, dispersed chalk – 11%.

Features of the production process

First, water is supplied to the dissolver. Then the minimum speed of the installation is turned on, and other ingredients are loaded - fillers, pigments. After this, dry components are added (titanium dioxide, chalk). At the next stage, the solution is dispersed. The finished product is filtered.

High productivity is ensured thanks to the bead mill.
Production facility, cost of units (thousand rubles)
A sufficient workshop area will be 80 square meters. Temperature – at least 5 degrees.
The price of a dissolver is 200, a mill is 250, an electronic scale is 6, a hydraulic trolley is 7.

As a result, we get 463 thousand rubles. Agree, in comparison with many undertakings, the cost of the units is symbolic.

Proof of the prospects of a business idea

Production volume - 10 tons. In this case, the cost of latex dispersion will be 65 thousand rubles, defoamer - 7 thousand rubles, Ca carbonate - 5 thousand rubles, other additional materials - 28 thousand rubles, chalk - 12 thousand. rub., labels – 6 thousand rub. We get 123 thousand rubles. At the end of the year, production volume will be 120 tons of paint, and payments for raw materials will be 1.476 million rubles.

Work staff

You will need to hire:

boss who will be responsible for manufacturing process, - 15 thousand rubles;
worker - 8 thousand rubles.

Every year 276 thousand rubles will be spent on wages.

Calculation of the cost per kilogram of product:

123 rub./10 t = 12.3 rub. per kilo. The monthly productivity of the facility is 10 tons.

Monthly costs (thousand rubles) will be associated with:

payment of rent – 10;
depreciation of main units – 3;
Payroll – 23;
communal apartment - 5.

At the end of each year, 492 thousand rubles will be spent.

Economic efficiency

The annual cost is 1.968 million rubles, the wholesale price is 30 rubles. per kilo, monthly income - 300 thousand rubles, annual income - 3.6 million rubles, net profit– 893 thousand rubles.

Sales

It will be easier to implement if you define optimal combination costs/price/revenue. Image is of no small importance. Poor quality products will cause a poor customer base and loss of profit. Therefore, it is important to establish the production and sale of only high-quality products.

The experience of successful domestic paint manufacturers suggests that it is necessary to use imported raw materials, which guarantee the production of competitive paints that are not inferior in quality to products from foreign manufacturers.

You need to place a bid on wholesale, large volume. At the same time, it is important to work quickly, otherwise it will take longer to return the investment.

Sales points:

construction stores;
supermarkets.

There is a high probability that they will agree to work with you construction companies, specializing in the renovation of residential and other real estate properties. If the opportunity presents itself to acquire your own retail property, do not miss it. You can increase your sales volume and increase your customer base through a cumulative system of discounts, various bonuses, promotions...

Good luck in your endeavors!

In this article: history of water-based paint; composition of water-dispersed paint; production technology; types and characteristics of polymers used in the production of water-based paints; performance characteristics VD paints; how to choose water-based paint; recommendations for use.

At all times, a person wants his home to look neat and attractive. For this purpose, regular cosmetic and major repairs, during which a fresh coat of paint is necessarily applied to the ceiling and walls. And among everyone existing species paint and varnish materials for interior and exterior decoration At home, water-based paint is the leader, which is easy to work with and does not leave unpleasant odor in rooms typical for working with other paints and varnishes.

Water-based paint - history

As is the case with a number of modern building materials, the appearance of water-dispersion paints was unwittingly facilitated by two large-scale wars of the last century - destroyed cities needed to be restored, but there were not enough usual building materials, and they were expensive.

The history of water-based paints began with the discovery by German chemist Fritz Klatte in 1912 of polyvinyl acetate, better known to us as PVA glue. The PVA dispersion became basic basis the first water-dispersion paints that appeared in the 20s of the 20th century.

At the end of the 30s of the last century, synthetic rubber or butadiene-styrene was created in Germany, which became the second type of dispersion for water-based paints.

The latest existing dispersion is acrylic - and paints based on it were originally developed for artistic work. The first acrylic water-based paints were created in 1946-1949 and launched in the early 50s under the brand name “Magna paint” by American artists Sam Golden and Leonard Boku. True, paints of this brand were intended only for artists, they were packaged in small tubes and dissolved not with water, but with turpentine or white alcohol. Boku created and released completely water-soluble acrylic paint in 1960.

Styrene-butadiene and acrylic water-based paints entered the construction markets of post-Soviet countries in the 90s from abroad - in the USSR only polyvinyl acetate-based paints were produced and only for industrial needs.

According to its basic composition, it is formed by the smallest particles of polymers suspended in an aqueous environment. In addition, water-dispersion paint, depending on the brand and manufacturer, may contain about 10-15 different additives, including: antifreeze antifreeze; defoamers that reduce foaming; antiseptics (biocides); corrosion inhibitors; thickeners; additives that increase structural viscosity; preservatives; dispersants; plasticizers, etc.

In terms of percentage by weight, the composition of water-based paint is as follows: 50% - film former dissolved in water (50-60% aqueous dispersion); 37% - fillers and pigments; 7% - plasticizer; 6% - other additives.

Let's take a closer look at the components. Depending on the purpose of the paint, the film former (copolymer) in its composition will be polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, acrylate or versatate dispersions. The role of white pigment is performed by titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and in the case of water-based paints in the lower price range, chalk. Filler - chalk, calcite, barite, talc, mica, most often several different minerals are used as a filler at the same time. The solvent in water-dispersed paints is demineralized (purified from mineral salts) water. I would like to note one of the components of such paints - a thickener, the role of which is most often played by carboxymethylcellulose, also known as CMC glue.

Process of creation water-dispersion paint consists of the following stages: combining and mixing an aqueous solution of a polymer dispersion with filler and pigment; dispersing the resulting pigment paste; introduction of a number of additives that bring the paint composition to the specifications standard; filtration and packaging of the finished product.

Dispersion is a process during which liquid or solids undergo fine grinding. Suspensions, powders, aerosols and emulsions are obtained by the dispersion method.

Mixing and dispersing the components of water-based paints is carried out in bead and ball mills (dispersants). Grinding occurs in a horizontal or vertical working chamber of the mill, inside of which there is a shaft with disks that accelerate metal beads (diameter up to 4 mm) or balls (diameter from 30 mm) made of steel, aluminum oxide and zirconium. The more intense the dispersion, the higher the hardness and specific gravity metal balls.

The pigment paste obtained as a result of dispersion is placed in a dissolver. In its torus-shaped container, a frame mixer is installed, the rotation of which prevents thick and sticky components from settling on the walls and bottom of the dissolver, and the composition of the water-based paint is brought to standard characteristics.

The timing of mixing the components of water-dispersed paint depends on the volume of the mixture, the initial characteristics of the components being added, the power of the dispersant and dissolver - as a rule, 20-30 minutes are enough for each operation.

At the final stage, the finished paint is passed through mesh filters and poured into containers. The entire cycle of paint production must take place at an air temperature of at least +5 °C.

Dependence of the characteristics of water-based paint on the binder polymer in their composition

Paints produced today water based contain one of five types of binders that give the waterborne paint its positive traits, and disadvantages:

polyvinyl acetate, paint marking “VD-VA”. In terms of quality, paints with this polymer binder are of the lowest quality - they turn yellow over time, a dense, opaque film is formed on the surface, and the applied layer of paint is not waterproof. Weak characteristics do not justify low price, such paints have only narrowly targeted applications;
butadiene-styrene, paint marking “VD-KCH”. Possessing good water resistance and low price, water-based paints based on this binder, like PVA, form an excessively dense surface film and are not resistant to sunlight. VD-KCH brand paint can only be used for interior works;
styrene-acrylate, paint marking “VD-AK”. The quality characteristics of the paints on this polymer are much better than those described above; they can be applied to both external and internal surfaces. The coating they form is porous and, accordingly, vapor-permeable and resistant to influences solar radiation and atmospheric phenomena. The small size of polymer particles, not exceeding 0.15 microns, ensures high-quality adhesion to almost any surface, penetration into porous surfaces, which increases their strength;
acrylate, paint marking “VD-AK”. This polymer is more expensive than styrene acrylate, has higher quality characteristics in all respects - a more rigid coating provides high resistance to solar ultraviolet radiation. Such paints are widely used in facade work and for application to wooden surfaces;
versatat, paint marking “VD-AK”. The polymer versatate has been used in water-based paints not so long ago; the quality of the coating on this binder is not inferior to acrylic paints, while their price is lower and approximately corresponds to the cost of paints on a styrene-acrylate binder.

Depending on the type and amount of polymer binder, these paints have the following positive qualities:

do not contain toxic components, practically odorless;
easy to apply to surfaces, diluted with water;
capable of bridging cracks up to 1 mm wide;
not flammable;
resistant to moisture (resistance to washing off);
elastic and durable, no chalking;
resistant to ultraviolet radiation and atmospheric conditions;
wear resistant;
just tint in any color shade;
random drops of paint can be easily removed with a damp cloth;
are vapor-permeable, which means that colonies of fungus and mold will not appear;
resistant to alkalis;
have high adhesion (tight fit) to the base;
retain color, shine and are resistant to yellowing;
dry quickly, usually in 40 minutes;
A layer of water-based paint on surfaces painted with them will last about 10-15 years.

Negative qualities of water-based paints compared to alkyd and oil-based paints:

storage and painting work can only be done at temperatures above +5 o C. Painting at temperatures above low temperatures will lead to uneven distribution of paint, it will take a long time to dry. If during storage the paint went through a cycle of freezing and thawing, its quality characteristics will be completely lost;
for painting external surfaces and surfaces of wet rooms, you can use only expensive water-dispersed paints based on acrylate and verstate binders;
high cost, exceeding the price of organo-thinned coatings by 10-15% - manufacturers explain this by the complex composition of the paint. On the other hand, it is much easier to clean the room after painting VD AK, because... there is no need to scrub stains with a rag containing an unpleasant-smelling solvent;
before painting with water-based paints wooden surfaces they require careful preparation - applying the first layer, letting it dry completely, then thoroughly sanding and a new coat of paint, sanding again. The fact is that surface tension layer of water-dispersed paint is much higher than that of other paintwork materials - the wood pile will be raised.

Application area. Water-dispersed paints are specialized according to the requirements for painted surfaces - for interior and external works, for dry and wet rooms. Accordingly, it is possible to apply paint for interior work on external surfaces or paint for dry rooms on wet surfaces, but it will peel off after a few months, because it contains less film-forming agent and protective additives.

Appearance. Water-based paints are produced that provide matte, glossy and silky-matte finishes. Paints that form a matte and silky-matte surface are excellent for ceilings and for painting wallpaper, but, unlike glossy surfaces, they are less resistant to abrasion and cannot be washed frequently.

Color. Water-dispersed paints most often have White color- to get what you want color range they need to be tinted. Jars with colors and tables of color created by a given color are present in every hardware store.

Quality indicators by appearance:

chroma. Open a can of paint, visually assess the degree of its whiteness - if the manufacturer used high-quality and expensive titanium dioxide, then the color will be exclusively white, without any shades;
hiding power. The paint consumption and the number of layers that need to be applied to the surfaces to bring them into proper shape depend on it. This indicator depends on the percentage and quality of the pigment, density and thickness of the paint. There are two ways to reduce the cost of producing water-based paint, which are popular among small manufacturers - 1) add water, lowering the density of the emulsion, 2) add more inexpensive filler, increasing the density. You can evaluate hiding power without test painting by weighing a 10-liter jar of water-dispersed paint - on average its density should be 1.5 kg/l, i.e. quality paint in a 10-liter container it will weigh about 15 kg (“+” or “-” 1 kg).

Marking on a paint can. Water-based paint is marked with the letters “VD”, which means “water-dispersed”, followed by the letter designation of the polymer, for example, “KCH” or butadiene-styrene. Then the numbers follow - the first one means the area of application of this paint, if it is “1”, then “for external work”, if “2”, then “for internal work”. The numbers following the first indicate the catalog number - we do not need them. Make sure there is an inscription indicating compliance with the conditions of GOST 28196-89; if technical specifications are provided instead, the quality of the paint may be low.

Manufacturer. On the local market you will find a significant range of water-based paints from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. You can judge the quality of a particular brand by the reviews of your friends who have already used it for repairs and by the age of the given manufacturing company - if it is younger than 3 years, it is better not to mess with its products. The fact is that the production of water-dispersed paints does not require any particularly large-scale production - by and large, only a dispersant and a dissolver are required. Therefore, any more or less intelligent “small entrepreneur” can produce them, most often making paint “by eye” and having neither a laboratory nor a technologist on his staff. The larger the manufacturing company, the wider the range of its products, the better the quality of the products themselves.

Price. There is no way it can be lower than $1 (US) per liter - if you are offered paint at a lower price, then it is of poor quality. The cost of water-based paint is determined not by the territorial location of manufacturing plants and not by labor costs, but by the current price of the components that are included in its composition. Almost all of the world's manufacturers of high-quality pigments and polymers are located in Europe, so the cost of good water-based paint will be almost the same both in Europe and in Russia - for the import of raw materials from abroad for the production of water-based paint Russian manufacturers pay fairly high customs duties. But the real reasons for the low cost are cheap raw materials and violation of production technology.

Before starting work on painting with water-based paint, surfaces must be prepared: previously painted surfaces must be cleaned of dirt and dust, sequentially washed with water and washing powder and clean water; painted with chalk and lime, remove layers old paint; smooth out unevenness using putty, after drying, sand and clean the surfaces from dust.

If painting work is carried out in cold season, then the can of paint must be kept indoors for at least 24 hours, then opened, removed all visible inclusions and films, mixed thoroughly and added, when spray painting, 10% water. The paint consumption is indicated by the manufacturer on the container; on average it will be 150-250 g/m2 with a two-layer application. Having calculated the approximate consumption, tint the paint - you need to tint 10% more volume than what you calculated based on the average paint consumption. Reasons: the consumption will be higher in any case, and it will not be possible to “get into color” when trying to tint a new portion of paint - the color tone will be at least slightly different.

Preliminary application of a layer of primer to the surface to be painted will help reduce the consumption of water-based paint - it is much cheaper than paint.

Rustam Abdyuzhanov, rmnt.ru

Water-based paints are suspensions of pigments (together with fillers) in aqueous emulsions of film-forming substances. The most widely used emulsion paints are based on aqueous dispersions of polyvinyl acetate and acrylic resins(VA and AK paints), as well as styrene-butadiene latex.

Water-based paints for various purposes, in addition to film-forming substances, pigments and fillers, contain plasticizers and functional additives: emulsifiers (salts of synthetic fatty acids, etc.), dispersants of pigments and fillers (sodium hexametaphosphate and other polyphosphates), thickeners, thixotropic additives (carboxymethylcellulose, bentonite, silicon dioxide and etc.), preservatives (for resistance to mold and bacterial decomposition) and inhibitors that prevent corrosion of metal surfaces.

Water-based paints have many advantages. They have a low odor, are non-flammable and dry quickly. Their films have fairly high weather resistance, good adhesion to wood, concrete, brick and even old coatings (without special surface preparation). Due to their alkali resistance, these paints can be applied over fresh (not completely dry) plaster and cement. They are diluted with water and can be easily applied with a roller, brush or spray gun, even on wet surfaces and when high humidity air. They dry quickly (from 30 minutes to 2-3 hours).

Therefore, water-based paints are widely used not only for interior but also for exterior coatings. The use of emulsions for the preparation of paints leads to a significant reduction in their cost, to the saving of many scarce organic solvents, to a dramatic improvement in working conditions with these paints, since many solvents are toxic and highly flammable. The use of emulsions for paints also saves vegetable oils.

A feature of the film formation of emulsion paints is the self-adhesion of film-forming particles after the evaporation of water. Although the resulting dried films are porous and less shiny than films of oil and enamel paints, nevertheless, the combination of their positive properties ensures the suitability of water-based paints for a wide and varied application.

The disadvantages of water-based paints are their relatively low stability during storage, especially at low temperatures, the possible formation of dense sediments during long-term storage and changes color shade, as well as an odor due to the presence of monomer residues. Metal surfaces before coating need special training(degreasing, etc.).

Technological process the production of water-based paints includes the following main operations: preparation of aqueous semi-finished product; obtaining a pigment paste based on an aqueous semi-finished product; dispersing pigment paste; paint formulation and standardization; cleaning and packaging of the finished paint. The preparation of the aqueous semi-finished product is carried out in mixers. Use demineralized (i.e., free of mineral salts) water. Emulsifiers, stabilizers, structuring additives, defoamers, antioxidants, etc. are dissolved in it. The resulting solution is used to disperse pigments and fillers. For this purpose, as a rule, ball mills and bead dispersants are used.

When preparing paint, the pigment paste is combined in a mixer with moderate stirring with the polymer emulsion, a plasticizer, antifreeze and other necessary additives are added. The finished paint is purified by filtering through mesh filters and packaged.