Soundproofing materials. Types of soundproofing materials

Everyone who lives in a house located in close proximity to highways, industrial enterprises, railways, etc. knows very well what noise is and how much it affects the human nervous system. Noise is an inharmonious phenomenon, chaos of sounds, their combinations cause people to best case scenario irritation. defined in decibels (dB). Sanitary standards recommend noise levels within 40 dB during the day and 30 dB at night.

Soundproofing

The purpose of soundproofing is to reflect sound and prevent it from passing through the wall of the room. The characteristic structure of soundproofing materials creates an obstacle to the passage of sound and reflects it. The sound insulation of a wall and any other building structure is determined, first of all, by mass - the more massive and thicker the wall, the more difficult it is for sound vibrations to rock it. The sound insulation ability of enclosing structures used in construction is assessed by the value of the sound insulation index. The sound insulation index is measured in dB, and optimally it should be from 52 to 60 dB (for enclosing structures). Soundproofing materials include dense materials such as concrete, brick, drywall and other materials that can reflect sound.

Sound absorption

The purpose of sound absorption is to absorb noise and prevent it from being reflected from the obstacle back into the room. Sound-absorbing materials have a fibrous, granular or cellular structure. The sound absorption characteristics are assessed by the sound absorption coefficient. The sound absorption coefficient varies from 0 to 1. When zero value sound absorption coefficient, sound is completely reflected; with complete sound absorption, the coefficient is equal to unity. Sound-absorbing materials include those that have a sound absorption coefficient of at least 0.4.

It is believed that people feel most calm at a noise level of 25 dB, but if its value is below this value, then a feeling of ringing silence arises, which brings discomfort. Usually, up to 60 dB, a person reacts to noise tolerantly; with prolonged exposure to noise of 90 dB, a person may experience a serious nervous disorder: insomnia, hysteria and other diseases. Sound levels of 100 dB or higher can cause hearing loss.

To protect against noise, various materials are used to create a barrier in its path. The principle of choosing materials for protection from extraneous sounds depends on the task at hand.

Sound absorption or suppression circuit

According to the degree of rigidity, sound-absorbing materials are: hard, soft, semi-rigid.

• Solid materials.

• are produced on the basis of granulated or suspended mineral wool; materials that include porous aggregates such as pumice, expanded perlite, vermiculite. Sound absorption coefficient: 0.5. Volumetric mass: 300-400 kg/m3.
• Soft sound-absorbing materials are made based on mineral wool or fiberglass; as well as cotton wool, felt, etc. Sound absorption coefficient: from 0.7 to 0.95. Volumetric mass: up to 70 kg/m3.
• Semi-rigid materials - these are mineral wool or fiberglass boards, materials with a cellular structure - polyurethane foam, etc. Sound absorption coefficient: from 0.5 to 0.75. Volumetric mass: from 80 to 130 kg/m3.

In private homes, it is more profitable to use materials that have a maximum sound absorption coefficient and less weight, that is, soft ones.

The choice of material for creating sound comfort in a room also depends on the nature of the sound itself. Working electrical appliances, TV, receiver, loud conversations, sounds from animals, sounds of cars and so on create airborne noise. If there is an impact directly on the floors: drilling walls, hammering nails, walking, sound from rearranging furniture, etc., then we are talking about impact noise. When the load-bearing structures of a house are rigidly connected to each other without the use of soundproofing elastic gaskets, then noise of any nature spreads through the structures of the house and turns into structural noise.

To combat impact noise, elastic materials, mainly with a closed cellular structure, are used. And porous or fibrous ones with a high sound absorption coefficient cope with airborne noise. Structure-borne noise can be combatted by using gasket material to protect joints load-bearing elements.

Airborne sound insulation

The main characteristic of materials for protection against airborne noise is sound insulation index (Rw), expressed in dB: in order to prevent human speech from being heard behind the wall, it must be at least 50 dB. Another characteristic is sound absorption coefficient: from 0 to 1. The closer the sound absorption coefficient is to 1, the higher protective qualities material.

One of the ways to protect against the penetration of extraneous sounds can be the installation of dense and massive walls and ceilings. It can be monolithic reinforced concrete, expanded clay and foam concrete blocks etc. The main thing is that they, together with the binding solution, form a sealed structure without cracks and holes. In one partition, a combination of several dense materials is possible if there are rigid connections between all structural elements: for example, a wall made of pumice concrete blocks on cement-sand mortar, lined with brick. However, increasing the massiveness of walls and ceilings is a rather complex and ineffective task, since doubling the mass of a structure leads to an increase in the sound insulation index by only a few decibels.

A more acceptable way to protect against airborne noise is to create a multilayer structure consisting of several alternating layers of hard, dense and soft building materials.

Scheme of a multilayer wall structure as additional noise protection

Dense materials such as concrete, brick, plasterboard, etc. can be used as a rigid layer. They exhibit sound insulation properties, and the greater their density, the higher the sound insulation. The layer of soft material has a sound-absorbing function. Materials with a fibrous structure are used as a sound-absorbing layer: mineral wool, glass wool, silica fibers. In this case, the thickness of the sound-absorbing material in the structure matters; the effective thickness starts from 50mm. The thickness of the absorbent layer must be at least 50% of the internal space of the partition.

Currently the most efficient materials Products made of mineral wool and fiberglass are considered to have high values ​​of sound absorption coefficient.

Glass wool

This material is based on fiberglass, has increased elasticity and strength, as well as high vibration resistance. Good sound absorption occurs due to the large number of voids between the fibers, which are filled with air. Its positive qualities include: fire safety - NG (non-flammable), light weight, elasticity, non-hygroscopicity, high vapor permeability, it is chemically passive and does not cause corrosion of metals in contact with it. Acoustic partitions are made from glass wool in the form of slabs and rolls to create an intermediate soft layer in multilayer sound-absorbing structures.

Mineral wool

This is a fibrous material obtained from silicate rock melts, metallurgical slags and their mixtures.

Positive qualities: fire safety - non-flammable - NG; is chemically passive and does not cause corrosion of metals in contact with it. Good sound absorption is ensured by the fact that the fibers are randomly located in horizontal, vertical directions, at different angles to each other.

Note: DThe fiber length of mineral wool and glass wool is different: the average length of glass fiber is 5 cm, and the length of stone fiber is 1.5 cm. At the same time, glass wool is a lighter material (see table above).

You can increase the sound insulation of the floor using a device acoustic ceiling- a multilayer structure that will reduce the energy of reflected sound and absorb noise.

The air space between the ceiling and the ceiling plane is filled with sound-absorbing materials, for which compressed slabs of thin mineral fiber or fiberglass are used.

Multilayer panel

For sound insulation, ready-made ZIPS soundproofing systems have recently been used. ZIPS designs are one of the effective means additional sound insulation of a single-layer partition (brick, concrete wall, etc.). ZIPS consists of sandwich panels and finishing plasterboard facing sheets with a thickness of 12.5 mm. A sandwich panel consists of a combination of dense (gypsum fiber) and light layers (mineral wool or glass wool) of varying thickness. Depending on the model, the thickness and type of material in the layer may vary. The advantages of the design include the absence metal frame, and fastening to the wall is done through special units that are made during the production of panels. The ends of the ZIPS panel system are adjacent to the side surfaces (floor, walls, ceiling) through vibration-isolating gaskets. Fire safety ZIPS - G1 (hard-to-burn material).

Layout of a multilayer panel

The thickness of the ZIPS, depending on the model, can vary from 40 to 130 mm. Increase in sound insulation index depending on the thickness of the structure: from 9 to 18 dB. Example: when using a four-layer ZIPS panel with a thickness of 70 mm, the overall sound insulation index increases by 10 dB, that is, when strengthening a 70 mm thick ZIPS on a wall with a sound insulation index of 47 dB, the overall sound insulation index rises to 57-58 dB, and if the thickness of the ZIPS is be 133 mm, then the overall sound insulation index rises to 63-65 dB.

Note: The condition for the applicability of ZIPS designs is sufficient load bearing capacity the original partition, since the weight of one panel of size 1500x500 mm ranges from 18.5 to 21 kg, depending on the model.

Impact sound insulation

The materials that are used to insulate impact noise do not absorb the sound wave, but repel it, causing it to lose energy. To insulate from impact noise, porous materials with a low dynamic modulus of elasticity are used, since the attenuation of the sound wave is explained by the fact that sound energy is spent on elastic deformations of the material.

One of the options for protection against impact noise is laying pads made of soundproofing materials under the “finished floor”. One of the important comparative characteristics materials that protect against impact noise are index of reduction in reduced impact noise level Lnw.

Sheet pressed from natural cork chips

Examples: cork rolls from IPOCORK (Portugal). It has a thickness of 2 and 4 mm, sold in sheets measuring 915x610 mm, and rolls. The reduced impact noise level reduction index is 12 dB. The cost of a technical roll cork with a thickness of 2 mm is 2 dollars/m2.

Other examples: plates of the CORKSRIBAS trademark, rolled cork "Cork Roll".

Polyethylene foam

Laminate manufacturers often offer it complete with their products. In the construction industry, polyethylene foams (foamed polyethylenes) having a density of 20 to 80 kg/m3 are mainly used.

Types of material:

• non-crosslinked polyethylene foam,has an unbound molecular structure (polymer molecules are not linked to each other by chemical bonds).
• physically cross-linked polyethylene foam. It has a modified molecular structure, thereby increasing sound insulation properties.
• chemically cross-linked polyethylene foam. The method of chemical cross-linking of polyethylene foam strengthens the intermolecular bonds of polyethylene, and due to this increases the sound insulation properties.

Polyethylene is used in the construction of interfloor concrete screeds, floating floors (see below), as a substrate for parquet, laminate and other floor coverings; when sealing joints. It has good contact with cement, concrete and other materials, and is resistant to most solvents, gasoline and oils. Fire safety - G2. Not resistant to UV radiation. Under prolonged loads, it loses up to 76% of its thickness, deteriorating its insulating properties over time. When moisture gets into the space under the parquet, conditions are created for the spread of mold. Cost for a thickness of 3 mm. - 3 dollars/sq.m.

Examples of polyethylenes: “Izolon”, “Izonel”, “Plenex”, “Teploflex”, “Porilex”, “Energoflex”, “Stizol”, “Izocom”, “Jermaflex”, “Steinofon”, “Isopenol”, etc.

Cork rubber backing

It is a mixture of granulated cork and synthetic rubber. The material reduces impact noise and dampens vibration of electrical appliances. Can be used as a gasket under textile, elastic and hard floor coverings, PVC/CV coatings, linoleum, parquet, ready-made parquet, ceramic tiles, natural stone slabs, as a gasket for carpets on stretch marks. Fire safety - B2. Substrates based on cork-rubber mixtures require additional moisture insulation with polyethylene film; if there is excess moisture, they can be a breeding ground for mold.

Examples: UZIN-RR 188. Thickness - from 3 to 5 mm. The reduction index for the reduced impact noise level is from 18 to 21 dB. Price (3mm) - 2 dollars/sq.m.

Another example: Ibola material (made in Germany). This is a substrate consisting of pressed cork and rubber granules.

Bitumen-cork substrate

It is made on the basis of kraft paper with bitumen impregnation and sprinkled with cork chips. It is laid with the cork side down, and thanks to this, moisture will be removed from under the laminate. The use of waterproofing is not necessary. Fire safety - G1. Bitumen impregnation gets dirty during installation, cork chips can fly off the canvas, and the substrate can rot if there is excess moisture.

Examples: Parkolag material from ICOPAL (Denmark, Finland). The roll weight is a little more than 10 kg. Thickness - 3 mm. The reduced impact noise level reduction index is 18 dB. Price - 3.5 dollars/m2.

Composite material

Composite is a multi-component material. It consists of two layers of polyethylene film, between which there are polystyrene foam granules. The top film, made of polyethylene, protects the floor covering from moisture. The bottom film allows moisture to pass into the space between the films, from where it is discharged outside along the perimeter of the room through expansion joints, and thus the space is ventilated. During operation, the composite substrate is almost not deformed, it is durable (20 years). Installation of the composite substrate is carried out using the free-laying method, without the use of adhesives. Fire safety - NG.

Examples: Tuplex from TUPLEX (Finland). This insulating material new generation, many manufacturers floor coverings(UPOFLOOR, TARKETT, KARELIA, KAHRS) use it together with their products. Thickness 3 mm. The reduction index for the reduced impact noise level is 18-20 dB. Price - 3 dollars/m2.
Other examples: TermoZvukoIzol material; composite "Vibrofilter" (synthetic rubber and aluminum foil).
Materials such as extruded polystyrene foam and special soundproofing films can also be used as substrates.

Extruded polystyrene foam

The coating has high compressive strength (0.32 MPa) and low water absorption - 0.1%, which means it does not need protection from moisture. Convenient to use: ease of cutting, simple and quick installation with a small amount of waste, the cost of work is minimized Durability - 50 years. Fire safety - G1.

As an example, we can cite Foamboard-5000 from FASAD STROY (Russia), in sheets 2, 3,5 cm thick. The index for reducing the reduced impact noise level is 25 dB. Price (2 cm) -1.1 USD/m2.
Another example: extruded polystyrene foam of the FOMBORD brand; extruded polystyrene foam boards "TISplex" (TU 2244-009-55182353-2007).
Also used cushioning materialstype "Schumanet-100". With a thickness of 3 mm when laid under a screed with a thickness of 60 mm, the reduction index for the reduced impact noise level is 23 dB. The material “Shumanet -100C” with a thickness of 5 mm has a reduced impact noise reduction index of 27 dB. The material “Shumostop - C2” made of staple fiberglass with a thickness of 20 mm has an impact noise reduction index of 42 dB. When laying near walls, it is recommended to leave gaps of 10-15 mm to ensure moisture removal.

Note: When insulating impact noise, the thickness of the ceiling must be taken into account. In luxury housing, the norm for the reduced impact noise reduction index is 55 dB. If the floor slab has a thickness of at least 200 mm (index - 74 dB), then a substrate with an index of 20 dB is sufficient. If the floors are thinner, then the sound insulation should be enhanced.

Impact noise protection option: create a multi-layer structure - .
The floating floor design consists of a layer of sound-absorbing material covered with a concrete screed at least 6 cm thick; substrate and finishing coat.
Values index of reduction of reduced impact noise level Lnware also quite high for thin (3-4 mm) cushioning substrate materials. And to block access to airborne noise, a layer of sound-absorbing material (for example, mineral wool) with a thickness of at least 50 mm is required.
The soundproofing substrate can be made of various materials.

There are also ready-made floating floor designs; among the layers they have a polystyrene sheet 20-30 mm thick, their impact noise reduction index Lnw is 20-30 dB.

Soundproofing of structural noise

To avoid transmission of structural noise through load-bearing structures, cushioning material is used to protect the joints of load-bearing elements.

Fiberglass

Structural noise insulation is ensured due to the elastic properties of the porous-fibrous structure of the material. Gaskets are used in building structures during the installation of the ZIPS panel system, frame soundproof partitions and cladding, as well as wooden floors and ceilings. When installing ZIPS sandwich panels, the gasket is laid in two layers in the places where they rest on the floor, as well as in the places where the panels come into contact with the side walls and the ceiling. When installing frame partitions and cladding, gaskets are used between frame profiles, fastening elements and load-bearing building structures, in places where sheathing sheets of partitions or cladding adjoin other building structures. When installing wooden floors and floors, it is placed under the joists and under the floor beams in the places where they rest on the walls. In this case, the width of the strip of material on each side should be 10 mm greater than the width of the log or beam. The ends of beams resting on walls must also be insulated from hard contact with other building structures using gaskets.

Examples: tape gasket for structural noise insulation Vibrostek M. Reduced impact noise level reduction index - up to 29 dB . Cost: 6 dollars/m2.
Other examples: soundproofing substrate VIBROSTEK-V300 is used as an elastic soundproofing substrate; Fiberglass PSH-T 550, used in individual construction. Mats MTP-AS-30/50 are pierced from super-thin fiberglass.

Vibroacoustic sealant

Provides high vibration insulation of joints between building structures, reduces the spread of structural noise along them. It is used for filling joints in floating floor structures, ZIPS panel systems, frame soundproofing partitions and claddings. The material does not cause metal corrosion; it has good adhesion to most building materials: concrete, brick, plaster, glass, enamel, metals, ceramics, plastics, varnished or painted wood. Resistant to UV radiation. The cured sealant is odorless and safe to handle. But when working with it, you need to avoid getting the sealant in your eyes and skin, and work in ventilated areas.

Examples: vibration sealant Vibrosil, designed for sealing joints and connections in soundproofing structures. The cost of a 300 ml cartridge is 5.5 dollars/m2.
Other examples: Bostik 3070 sealant made of cork chips (Schrot) and elastic binder; Vibroacoustic sealant SYLOMER; vibration-absorbing mastic.

Elastomeric materials

Elastomeric materials are designed to reduce noise and vibration transmitted from different sources on elements of building structures, as well as to protect premises from structural noise coming from outside. Along the perimeter of the doors, to insulate against structural noise, sealing gaskets made of elastomeric materials are used, providing a high level of sound absorption. The gasket adheres well to most materials: wood, plastic, metal. Duration of work - up to 7 years. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is up to 22 dB.

Examples: gaskets with a self-adhesive base Varnamo (Sweden) made of EPDM porous rubber. The gaskets are available in packages of various lengths: 6, 16 and 24 meters. The cost of 6 m tape is 1.8 dollars.
Other examples: Elastomeric vibration damping plates (VEP) according to TU 2534-001-32461352-2002; ArmaSound - elastomeric sound insulator produced by Armacell (Germany); SYLOMER® from the Austrian company Getzner Werkstoffe GmbH - microporous polyurethane elastomers with a mixed cellular structure.

Silica Fiber Gasket Material

It is used in sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structures where high requirements to fire safety. Products made from silica fiber have good environmental performance: they do not contain carcinogenic, asbestos and ceramic fibers, as well as thin fibers with a diameter of less than 6 microns, and do not pose a respiratory hazard. Silica fiber material is used at the joints of load-bearing structural elements of a building.

Examples: Rolled silica fiber Supersil 6 mm thick. Reduced impact noise level reduction index Lnw 27 dB . Cost - 9 dollars/meter
Other examples: "Vibrosil-K" (Russia); trademarks Supersil, Supersilika and Silibas (Russia); silica fiber mats Ekowoo.
It should be noted that not all manufacturers provide a sufficient amount of information on the materials they produce, so we considered only those brands for which information is available. We are also unable to verify the reliability of this information, therefore, it is on the conscience of the manufacturers.

I would like to note that the presence of the highest quality soundproofing materials in your home does not guarantee sound comfort. It is very important to arrange them correctly the desired design, so it’s worth inviting acousticians who will create a comfortable sound atmosphere for you.

Please note: Prices are valid for 2009.

If you are thinking about what soundproofing material to choose for your apartment, then you are concerned about the issue of excessive noise in the premises of your home. Just as often as the rest of the room’s surfaces, craftsmen today try to make the ceiling soundproof. This simultaneously makes it possible to achieve more impressive thermal insulation characteristics of the ceiling.

Types of sound absorbers for ceilings

You can choose organic and inorganic materials for soundproofing work. Among the first are those that are based on polystyrene foam, particle board or ecowool. The use of such noise absorbers implies ease of installation, affordable price and environmental safety.

Soundproofing material such as polystyrene foam is found today, perhaps more often than others, in insulation systems. It perfectly retains heat in the room, but is of interest to rodents.

Among inorganic materials, stone wool can be distinguished, which is durable and safe for human health. The cost of this insulation is very affordable, which acts as a positive feature. Stone wool can withstand low and high temperatures within the range from -60 to +400 degrees. This indicates that this insulation copes well with high humidity conditions.

Work options

Soundproofing material can form the basis of different ceiling systems, for example, mineral wool can be installed in the hollow space of the suspension system. The canvases fit perfectly between the frame elements. But if you decide to use polystyrene foam, it is not recommended to use glue to attach it, since the slabs have a weight under which the material can move away from the base over time and cause even more noise. You can also use glass wool, but you should remember that this material must be well protected, since its elements can pose a danger to human health. Due to this requirement, installation work using glass wool may be accompanied by more significant labor costs. When using gypsum board as a finishing coating, special attention should be paid to joining the sheets, since sound penetrates well through the cracks.

Soundproofing material is usually attached between the waterproofing, which is installed on the subfloor, and the base ceiling.

Soundproofing materials for walls

If you decide to get rid of noise in a room in a comprehensive manner by also sealing the walls, you can choose soundproofing systems, which are designated by the abbreviation ZIPS. They perform several functions at once. By installing them, you prepare the surface of the walls for subsequent finishing. This material contains an insulating layer and gypsum board. The panel contains several sound insulators, namely: gypsum fiber and mineral wool, the latter is sometimes replaced with glass wool. The thickness and combination of internal components may vary. The weight is 18.5 kg, while the dimensions of one canvas are 1500x500 mm. Thickness can vary between 40-130 mm. The described soundproofing materials can be secured using structural units.

Among the natural sound absorbers, we can highlight ISOPLAAT boards, which are based on coniferous wood fibers. The size of the canvas is 2700x1200 mm, while the thickness can be equivalent to 10-25 mm. The weight is very light and limited to 4 kg.

After installing such material, you will not have to prepare the wall for installation. finishing. It is recommended to install the described slabs using glue. They allow air to pass through perfectly, which does not create the effect of a thermos in the room.

Alternative soundproofing options for walls

When considering soundproofing materials for walls, we can highlight ISOTEX panels; they are based exclusively natural ingredients coniferous trees are distinguished by excellent flexibility and elasticity. If you choose this method of dealing with noise, then you will have to work with canvases whose dimensions are limited to 2700x580 mm. With a thickness of 12-25 mm, the insulation weighs 1.2 kg, which ensures ease of installation. Such soundproofing materials for an apartment look great and do not imply the need for wall finishing after installation, since their outer side has decor in the form vinyl wallpaper or linen fabric. Installation consists of connecting the plates using a lock, and if necessary, cutting can be done using a construction knife.

EcoZvukoIzol panels have gained quite high popularity among private craftsmen, this is due to the fact that this material It is environmentally friendly, as it is based on seven-layer cardboard and quartz sand. The canvases are somewhat heavier compared to those described above: their weight is 10.5 kg, dimensions are 1200x450 mm. But they are easy to work with, despite their impressive weight. If you need to adjust the panel to size, you can use a hacksaw, and at the time of fastening you need to use an adhesive composition intended for drywall.

If you are looking for soundproofing materials for an apartment, then you can also consider wall panels, which are known as KRAFT. They have environmentally friendly wood fiber elements, which are covered on the outside with wax paper, while the inside is covered with corrugated cardboard. Their weight is 5.5 kg, which facilitates the installation process, but their dimensions are 2700x580 mm, which implies the need to enlist the help of another person before starting work. It’s easy enough to glue the canvas, and after the composition has dried, you can start decorative finishing.

Cost of wall materials

The listed soundproofing materials for walls have a lot of advantages, but sometimes it makes it difficult to make a choice. Perhaps the price will affect this. If we compare the above materials, then ZIPS costs 1300 rubles/m2. But "EcoZvukoIzol" will cost less - 900 rubles/m 2. ISOTEX is even cheaper - within 600 rubles/m2, the final cost in this case will depend on the type of decorative coating. KRAFT is the penultimate among materials in the most affordable price category - 250 rubles / m 2. And the leader in the matter of democracy is ISOPLAAST, its price is 150 rubles/m 2.

Sound absorbers for floors

When choosing sound absorbers for the floor, the consumer, as a rule, pays attention to heat and sound insulation materials. A cork substrate, which is placed under the finishing coating, copes well with such tasks. This material is based on natural cork chips, which makes the sound insulation layer completely harmless. In addition to the fact that cork will combat noise, it will last a long time, since it does not rot and mold cannot appear or develop in it. Cork does not attract rodents. The material is chemically inert and has a lifespan of 40 years. It can reduce noise levels by approximately 12 decibels.

The listed characteristics of soundproofing materials force consumers to incline their choice in their direction. As an alternative solution, you can choose a cork backing that contains rubber elements. Synthetic rubber in tandem with cork does the job perfectly. The degree of sound absorption here is more impressive and is approximately 18-21 decibels. But you will have to pay more for such material.

The best soundproofing material made from cork is one that contains bitumen along with the main ingredient. The advantage of the substrate in this design is that it does not require additional waterproofing work, which cannot be said about the above. But this will require certain skills, because bitumen stains hands and clothes.

Foamed polyethylene for flooring

When considering the soundproofing properties of materials, it is worth paying attention to polyethylene foam. It is also customary to lay it under a finishing coating, for example under a laminate. You can choose one of several varieties of this material. Thus, polyethylene with chemically bonded molecules and cross-linked polyethylene have more impressive sound insulation characteristics compared to non-cross-linked polyethylene. Laying this material requires mandatory waterproofing, since it can become moldy when exposed to moisture. It is advisable to lay it with some clearance, since under mechanical loads the material loses up to 2/3 of its thickness, which causes a decrease in noise-absorbing properties.

Schumanet for floors

When considering the types of soundproofing materials, you will probably come across the Schumanet soundproofer. It is a composite substrate based on a multicomponent material. It contains three layers, the first of which is polyethylene, which protects against water, the second is polystyrene foam granules, while the third is a film that allows moisture particles to penetrate into the polystyrene foam. Afterwards it is discharged around the perimeter of the room through the ventilation slots. The lifespan of the material is about twenty years. It should be installed using the rolling method; adhesives are not used.

In addition to those listed, extruded polystyrene foam is used to combat noise, which acts as the densest type of foam. It is practically like wood, it does not absorb moisture at all, it is easy to work with during the installation process, in addition, it is easy to cut using a knife. It will last about half a century. When considering soundproofing materials for walls or floors, you can choose this one.

Speaking of the above, the most impressive degree of noise absorption is provided by Schumanet-100 gaskets. At 3mm thick they can reduce noise levels by as much as 23 decibels, while if you want even more impressive results, you can use 5mm material and the sound will be reduced by 27 decibels. The gaskets described are based on fiberglass, which has a special weave. If the manufacturer used staple weave, the noise will be reduced by 42 decibels. If you decide to cover these pads, then you need to provide a gap around the perimeter of the walls, the width of which is 1 cm, which will be necessary to remove moisture.

Universal sound absorbers

When choosing soundproofing materials for the ceiling, floor and walls, you can also select fiberboard. It can be used in premises of any purpose. This material is based on wood fiber and cement. In addition to the above ingredients, synthetic fibers can also be used. In order to form an acoustic surface, acoustic fiberboard should be used. It is characterized by an increased noise absorption coefficient, the level of which is 40 percent.

Stone wool also does an excellent job of absorbing noise; the sound absorption coefficient can be equal to 99 percent. It copes well with changes in temperature and humidity, so it can be used in almost any room.

Methods for suppressing impact noise

Soundproofing materials for apartment walls, which were described above, can cope with airborne noise. But if there is a need to eliminate impact noise, then you can use a floating floor system that is not rigidly connected to the subfloor. An insulating layer is used as the base of this system; it can be the stone wool described above. If the sound insulation of all surfaces of the room was not enough, then special attention should be paid to doors and windows. At the same time they come to the rescue PVC profiles, which have very good noise-absorbing qualities. As a rule, there is an inert gas between two windows in the hollow space. The most common of these is argon.

The range of modern sound absorbers is large, but it is worth remembering that they should be used comprehensively, in addition, sometimes the quality of sound absorption depends on the correct installation of the material. Only by following the installation technology will it be possible to achieve a positive result, and your neighbors will not disturb you, just as you will not disturb them, which is very important, especially in apartment buildings.

The negative impact of extraneous sounds on the human condition has long been proven. In this regard, many special rules have been developed to determine the permissible values ​​of “sound garbage”.

For example, due to background noise reaching 40 dBA, a person will begin to have problems sleeping, and with systematic noise above 60 dBA, structural changes in the body will occur in 90 cases out of 100. To minimize or completely eliminate the risk of such situations, insulating materials are used.

Types of soundproofing materials

We should start with the fact that noise is divided into separate groups:

1. Structural – caused by vibration due to the operation of various equipment (from household equipment in the house to construction equipment on the street), vehicles, elevators, etc.
2. Percussion - can be caused by stomping, moving interior items.
3. Airborne – conversations, television and radio sounds.

In building acoustics, there are three main types of sound protection from the noise discussed above:

Soundproofing

Provides protection from noise transmitted through the air (human speech, music, etc.). It works according to one of two principles: reducing the intensity of sound waves as they pass through a dense partition or sound reflection from an obstacle.

Noise insulation

This involves protection from complex sound waves caused by a combination of sounds of different strengths and frequencies. This can be structural, airborne, impact, etc. noise.

Sound absorption

Relevant for soft structures, it uses the method of converting sound energy into thermal energy.

In order to correctly select the appropriate soundproofing material, you should take into account what types of noise the protective barrier is “constructed” against.

Let's conduct a small comparative study of products from well-known manufacturers recommended for residential premises (the group under consideration included only sound insulators effective in the range of 100-3000 Hz).

Review of sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials

Membrane sound insulators are applicable to any surface, have elasticity, small thickness and increased efficiency in noise absorption. The most popular brands in Russia are Tecsound and Zvukoizol.

Tecsound

This company is a subsidiary of the Spanish company Texsa, which appeared back in 1954. Under the Texound brand, polymer-mineral membranes are produced - elastic, thin, and available in the form of rolls.

The basis of the material is aragonite with the addition of elastomers. It is relevant in frame and frameless systems and can increase the sound insulation properties of a structure by 15 dB.

Such indicators can be compared with a thirty-centimeter concrete wall. Tecsound price – from 850 rub. per square.

Five main series of membranes are produced:

1. Tecsound Al – self-adhesive, equipped with aluminum foil.
2. Tecsound SY – synthetic self-adhesive, suitable for partitions, ceilings, facades.
3. Tecsound 35/50/70 – standard, used for sound insulation of floors and roofs.
4. Tecsound FT – synthetic foil universal, with felt coating.
5. Tecsound 100 – sheet.

Advantages include stretchability, environmental safety, temperature resistance and durability.

Soundproofing

Membrane soundproofing materials based on bitumen-polymer components, produced in Russia, appeared back in 2009. At first, only two series were produced - Zvukoizol and Zvukoizol VEM, intended for the construction sector.

The very next year, the range of products expanded significantly due to the production of several more series, which became a good alternative to foreign analogues K-Fonik ST and Tecsound. This:

1. Sound insulation VEM Standard - viscoelastic insulating material,
2. SMK – self-adhesive base,
3. Zvukoizol-M – roll bitumen-polymer membrane sound insulators with a metallized coating.

The price of domestic sound insulators is more than affordable - from 140 rubles. per square. They are characterized by many positive qualities, including versatility, good sound-absorbing properties, water resistance.

Soundproofing panels, consisting of several layers, quickly became popular for their relative ease of installation and effectiveness. Among them, ZIPS and SoundGuard can be especially highlighted.

ZIPS

ZIPS sandwich panels, depending on the base, have different purposes. They are made from plywood (GVL) or tongue-and-groove gypsum boards combined with fiberglass or basalt slabs.

Construction based on gypsum fiber/plywood is applicable for floors, plasterboard - for ceiling and wall surfaces.

The Zips frameless system was first developed in 1999; now it includes six types of panels for different purposes:

1. ZIPS-MODULE wall for interior walls and partitions in commercial and residential premises. Index Rw – up to 14 dB.
2. ZIPS-FLOOR MODULE – prefabricated panels for reinforced concrete interfloor ceilings. They isolate airborne noise in the range from 7 to 9 decibels and shock noise up to 38 dB.
3. ZIPS-Vector for wall and ceiling bases, operating range up to 125 Hz, Rw index up to 11 dB.
4. ZIPS-Paul Vector - provide comprehensive sound insulation of reinforced concrete interfloor ceilings, reduce airborne noise in the range from 6 to 8 dB, impact noise - by 32.
5. ZIPS-CINEMA – additional protection with an Rw index of 16-18 dB. It is used for ceilings and walls in rooms with a high degree of outgoing sound.
6. ZIPS-III-ULTRA – additional protection of ceiling and wall surfaces from airborne noise. Operating range 100 Hz, Rw – 11 dB.

The price of ZIPS panels starts from 1,600 rubles, but this cost is fully justified by their efficiency, low degree of thermal conductivity (that is, the panels also partially serve as a heat insulator), and durability (from 10 years).

SoundGuard

Saungard panels are the “brainchild” of a German-Russian enterprise, which appeared back in 2010 on shares with the Volma company and are characterized by increased efficiency. The panel includes:

• GKL Volma for finishing cladding,
• SoundGuard profiled panel (multi-layer board made of corrugated cardboard, cardboard and mineral quartz filler),
• Frame profile.

Two years later, the SoundGuard TM was registered, after which the production of different types of soundproofing panels began:

1. SoundGuard Ecozvukoizol is a 13 mm soundproofing elastic panel consisting of seven layers with an Rw of 40 decibels.
2. SoundGuard EcoZvukoIzol Fireproof G1, with a thickness of 13 mm and a sound insulation index of up to 42 dB.
3. SoundGuard Slim, 11 mm, seven layers, reducing noise by 36 dB.
4. SoundGuard Standard, 12 mm thick, is characterized by compressive strength and an Rw index of 37 dB.
5. SoundGuardPremium, Rw equal to 44 dB, patented soundproofing material for shades, floors, partitions.

SignGard panels are certified according to all Russian standards, fireproof, easy to install, have low thermal conductivity, price from 810 rubles/sq.m. m.

Mineral wool soundproofing materials also do not lose their popularity, especially in combination with innovative developments. The brands Shumanet and Rock Wool Acoustic Butts have advanced the most in the production of sound protection based on mineral wool.

Schumanet

Shumanet mineral wool boards are produced by the same manufacturer as the ZIPS, Shumostop, Soundlux, Soundline, Vibrosil, Vibroflex panels, namely Acoustic Group LLC.

The Shumanet series of soundproofing materials is designed directly for frame wall and ceiling systems using claddings various types– gypsum fiber, plasterboard, wood chips, plywood. The series includes:

1. Shumanet-SK are fiberglass plates, covered on one side with fiberglass, which prevents the glass fibers from falling off. Relevant when installing acoustic panels such as Knauf-Soundline, Soundboard, etc., they have a sound absorption value of about 0.8 units.
2. Shumanet-Eco - water-repellent boards based on staple fiberglass and acrylic binder. Sound absorption coefficient – ​​0.85 units.
3. Shumanet-BM - basalt slabs with a high sound absorption rate - 0.95 units.

To isolate impact noise in floor structures, a system of combined slabs called Shumostop and bitumen-polymer gaskets Schumanet-100 is produced.

The average price of Schumanet slabs is from 190 rubles per square. They are distinguished by their durability (working life from 10 years), ease of installation, meet the requirements of GOST, and are certified according to the standards of the Russian Federation.

RockWool Acoustic Butts

Multifunctional basalt slabs are produced at almost 30 factories; this is the development of a transnational group of companies that opened its first branch in Russia back in 1999.

Rockwool Acoustic Butts stone wool slabs are practically universal, applicable in interior, exterior and roof cladding in residential and industrial construction.

There are several main series of Acoustic mineral wool slabs:

1. RockWool Floor Butts are rigid, vapor-permeable boards for floor structures with expectedly high loads.
2. RockWool Floor Butts are water-repellent (hydrophobic) for public, commercial and residential premises.
3. RockWool Floor Butts I - gabbro-basalt slab materials for industrial premises.
4. Rockwool Acoustic Butts Pro - ultra-thin slabs.
5. Acoustic Butts standard type.

Rockwool Acoustic Butts products have a lot of advantages, and the price of the slabs is quite affordable - from 120 rubles per square meter.

First you need to consider the benefits of high-quality sound insulation. Sound-absorbing materials should ideally provide:

• the opportunity to relax and unwind;
• absence of extraneous sounds that interfere with concentration on a specific activity;
• full sleep.

It is impossible to achieve complete 100% noise isolation, and besides, there is no such need for this. It is enough to reduce extraneous sounds to a level where they do not cause irritation and do not interfere with proper rest. Sound insulation materials will cope with this task perfectly.

It is known that noise is the sound vibrations of air. They are capable of influencing a person, most often negatively.

Sounds that cause irritation include:

• loud conversations behind the wall of neighbors in the apartment;
• sounds of power tools during construction and repair work;
• activities of household appliances;
• extraneous noise from the street;
• operation of communication systems;
• many other actions that are unpleasant for our hearing.

Sound insulation materials that can be used to ensure high-quality sound insulation of walls and partitions in a new building or a residential building built long ago are varied. These include polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, mineral wool and cork. You will learn about them in this article.

Polystyrene foam is a modern product for soundproofing an apartment or house. This is a foamed plastic gas-filled mass of white color.

Its main volume is occupied by gas, the density of which is much lower than the density of the polymer - the main raw material of the product. This is due to the high heat and sound insulation properties of polystyrene foam.

Technical characteristics and properties of polystyrene foam

Foam plastic is produced by both domestic and foreign manufacturers. The Knauf Corporation produces it using a non-press method from foamed polystyrene. Each cell is composed of dense cells, and each cell contains 98% air and 2% polystyrene.

If you need foam plastic, then as an example you can use products that are made from environmentally friendly raw materials. A fire retardant is added to the composition, so this material:

• does not burn;
• not subject to rotting;
• not afraid of exposure to microorganisms;
• has a high service life.

Polystyrene foam is one of the most popular materials for insulating partitions in apartments. First of all, this is due to its physical and chemical properties, safety and operational characteristics.

The table below describes the main parameters.

Thanks to modern technologies and equipment, it is currently possible to produce foam plastic of various types. mechanical strength, density, resistance to all kinds of impact. Products made from it are safe for humans, therefore they are widely used in the food industry; goods and products intended for our nutrition are packaged in it.

Polystyrene foam is widely used in other industries and has the following advantages:

• resistant to moisture and aging;
• microorganisms cannot influence it;
• it's easy to work with, it cuts hand saw or with a knife;
• easily glues with other materials intended for partitions and walls in an apartment or outside the house;
• easy to install.

Polystyrene foam is a waterproof material, but at the same time it has a high level of breathability. The temperature in which it is located is not capable of exerting negative impact on the properties of the material. For example, at a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, the foam will not change its properties over a long period.

Many developers, when choosing materials for sound insulation in a residential area, opt for foam plastic. First of all, it is necessary to note its operational technical properties:

1. Low thermal conductivity, due to which the air is evenly distributed inside the material.
2. Durability. Subject to all operating conditions, the foam will last a long time. Even over time, it is not able to change its properties.
3. Resistance to various damages - weak acids, alkalis, moisture. It is important that the material is chemically neutral.

The industry produces GOST 15588-86 foam grades listed in the table.

And the indicators for physical and mechanical properties must comply with GOST standards, which are indicated in the table below.

In order to install polystyrene foam on the wall, use special glue or a dowel with a wide head.

Let's consider the first option. Some experts prefer dry mixtures to cement based, which are distinguished by their durability, reliability and high level adhesion.

But you can also use aerosol polyurethane types in your work. The laying technology consists of the following stages:

1. The slabs are laid on a starting strip, which is secured around the perimeter of the surface to be treated. This is done using dowels, the pitch is 300-400 mm.
2. The surface must be clean, free of dust and dirt.
3. Dissolve the glue. The package contains precise instructions: pour the mixture into cold water and stir using a construction mixer. Then the composition is left for 5 minutes to mature and mixed again.
4. Using a spatula, glue is applied to the slabs, spreading it evenly around the perimeter and with a few slaps in the middle.
5. The foam is placed on the bar and pressed firmly in the places where the glue is located.
6. Care must be taken to ensure that the slab does not become distorted. You can control this process using a level. Inaccuracies are corrected by lightly tapping the plate with your hand or a hammer. But don't forget to do it through wooden block so as not to destroy the foam.
7. The slabs are laid horizontally from below. The next row is already performed in a checkerboard pattern, so that a bandage of joints is formed.
8. The seams are filled with glue, and any excess is removed using a spatula. Next, the glue is allowed to dry, sometimes it takes 2-3 days.

The second option makes it possible to fix the foam using a special dowel. It has a wide cap, which makes its contact with the surface significantly increased and it reliably presses the slab against the wall. A hole of the required depth is drilled in the wall using a hammer drill. There should be 5 such holes per sheet - in the corners and in the middle.

The dowel should sink into the foam and not protrude from it. Otherwise, when puttingty you will have to waste a lot of material. Just don’t press too hard, otherwise the foam will crack.

Sometimes, for reliability, professionals stick polystyrene foam onto the wall and secure each sheet with dowels. This method is common in cases where the wall surface is uneven. Then the glue is applied in the corners and in the center of the slab. The foam is then pressed onto the base. And then at the same points it is attracted by plastic dowels - “fungi”, adjusting the evenness of the sheet along the plane and fixing it in a given position.

Many experts believe that polystyrene foam is better suited for soundproofing partitions and walls. It is easy to install, does not require any special skills, is easy to cut with a knife and lasts a long time.

Before we begin a descriptive description of expanded polystyrene, it is necessary to distinguish between it and polystyrene foam. There is an opinion that this is the same sound-absorbing material, since the composition is identical - air and styrene (hydrogen + carbon).

So, the differences between expanded polystyrene and polystyrene foam are as follows:

1. Different manufacturing technologies - the first is produced by dry steam treatment, the second by melting polystyrene foam granules.
2. Differences in the characteristics of production methods.

Technical characteristics and properties of polystyrene foam

This product is as well known in construction as polystyrene foam. Many people choose expanded polystyrene because it has:

1. High strength - the material never crumbles, bending resistance is 5-6 times higher than polystyrene foam. That is why it is better to use it in places that are sometimes exposed to mechanical impact, for example, for partitions in an apartment.
2. High sound insulation rate due to the presence of many voids in the polymer.
3. The density is several times higher than the parameters of foam plastic, so its weight is greater.

Expanded polystyrene is a material whose characteristics in some cases exceed those of foam plastic. Despite this, the latter polymer is recommended for use in cases with light loads, where the use of expensive materials is not required.

In accordance with GOST 30244-94, the fire hazard of untreated polystyrene foam has a flammability class of G4. This means that its ignition can occur from:

• match flame;
• blowtorch;
• autogenous welding sparks.

The material stores energy from the heat source, spreads the fire, and initiates flame intensification. The fire safety indicator depends on the additives used in the production of the material. Temperature ignition is determined by certification class.

Ordinary polystyrene foam (G4) reaches 1200 °C in a short time, and having special additives (fire retardants) in its composition, it reduces the combustion temperature and corresponds to the G1 flammability class.

When polystyrene foam burns, it produces toxic smoke. In ordinary material, it is 36 times larger in volume than wood, in particular, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen bromide and other substances are released. And depending on the impurities that are part of the polystyrene foam, the smoke acquires varying intensity and degree of release of harmful substances.

Products made of expanded polystyrene with flammability class G4 are not allowed for use in construction. We use only material modified with special additives. It is called self-extinguishing and has a flammability class of G1. Domestic manufacturers mark it with the letter “S” (PSB-S).

To ensure high-quality sound insulation of partitions in rooms, it is recommended to pay attention to a polymer whose thickness is 2-3 cm. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account that as the thickness increases, the sound insulating qualities will increase. Before purchasing, break off a piece of material; if at the break site it has granules in the shape of regular polyhedra, then the polymer is of high quality.

Consider in the table below the dimensions, volume and weight of polystyrene foam sheets produced by Knauf Corporation:

Expanded polystyrene boards are considered one of the most affordable sound insulators on the construction market. They can withstand loads of 6 t/m2, are easy to install and durable.

Polyurethane foam

Soundproofing materials include materials such as polyurethane foam. This is a type of plastic with a cellular foam structure. The composition of the material is dominated by gaseous substance, the content of which varies from 85% to 90% of the total mass. The polymer consists of many thousands of cells, each of which is isolated from the others.

There are two types of polyurethane foam:

1. Foam rubber is an elastic type of polymer, the density of which reaches from 5-35% per 1 m 3.
2. Rigid polyurethane foam, available in more than thirty grades (suitable for insulating indoor partitions).

The characteristics of rigid polyurethane foam used for soundproofing walls and partitions in rooms include:

• low thermal conductivity;
• light weight;
• high level of strength;
• no need to use fastening elements;
• high anti-corrosion protection metal structures;
• there are no cold bridges in this polymer;
• insulation can take different forms;
• Confirmed environmental friendliness - in accordance with hygienic standards, it can be used in the refrigerator for food.

Polymer spraying is possible on many materials (which is where its versatility is demonstrated) - on wood, glass surfaces, metal and other coatings. In this case, the surface configuration does not matter. An important point is the resistance of the polymer to acid, the possibility of use in soil.

When working with polyurethane foam, you must remember that it is not desirable for direct impact sun rays.

The durability of polyurethane foam is 25-30 years, subject to the rules of use. The excellent climate-resistant parameters of the material have been confirmed, in particular its resistance to moisture. According to the flammability class, it belongs to categories G1-G4. The polymer contains fire retardants that prevent the spread of fire.

When exposed to open flame, the material tends to burn. But in its deep layers the flame does not spread. This is explained by the cellular structure of the material and the fact that it contains trichlorethyl phosphate, a fire retardant. Therefore, this material of flammability groups G1 and G2 is allowed to be used in kindergartens and school institutions.

Polyurethane foam is also resistant to microorganisms and rotting processes.

The physical properties of this material can be considered in the following table.

The popularity of this building material is explained by the fact that specialists have the opportunity to obtain it directly at the site of use. Liquid products, when mixed in certain proportions, create a chemical reaction with simultaneous foaming. Which is sometimes very convenient and physically justified during construction processes.

Just remember that working with polyurethane foam requires specialized equipment and personal protective equipment.

If you are interested in information about polyurethane foam and all its properties, then more detailed information can be found in the article “”

Basalt wool

Sound-absorbing materials include mineral wool, known as basalt wool. It is used for soundproofing walls, decorative partitions and ceilings in the apartment. Products made from it are supplied in the form of slabs or rolls.

The table below shows the types of components and specifications.

This material has many advantages, among which thermal insulation stands out. This quality is confirmed by the low thermal conductivity coefficient; heat loss is the lowest of all heat insulators. In addition to the above qualities, there are a number of advantages:

1. The material does not collapse when exposed to aggressive environments or chemicals. Basalt wool does not externally change its appearance and does not lose its qualities. She is not afraid of fungi and microorganisms.
2. The durability of the material is guaranteed by the manufacturer; it reaches 30-40 years. True, experts say that it is possible to add a couple of decades to this period. Its fibers are short in length and are randomly located in basalt wool. And this ensures high mechanical characteristics over many years of operation.
3. The structure of the material is not afraid of vibrations.
4. Basalt wool tolerates ultraviolet radiation better than others.
5. Temperature changes do not affect the technical characteristics of the material.
6. Basalt wool perfectly absorbs extraneous noise, loud and harsh sounds.

The table shows the sound absorption coefficients of some building materials.

The use of high-quality mineral wool cannot guarantee reliable sound insulation, since the material is an integral element of a sound-absorbing structure, the construction of which requires taking into account proven techniques.

Mineral wool slabs with a synthetic binder are manufactured according to GOST 9573-96 and have the dimensions shown in the table.

The physical and mechanical properties of the material must correspond to the following characteristics.

Products are marked according to GOST 25880 with mandatory indication of release time and symbol. Each package is marked with a “Keep away from moisture” sign. GOST 14192. Basalt wool is a non-flammable material, so when heated it does not release toxins or other harmful substances. An equally important indicator is the smoke-generating ability of basalt, which does not emit smoke. It is installed quite simply - the slab is laid between the profiles and holds perfectly. You can also secure it with cement-based glue, as in the cases described above with polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene.

Many people believe that basalt wool is harmful to health. This is debatable. It does not emit odors, its properties are similar natural stone basalt. True, phenol and formaldehyde resins are used as binders, but if the necessary standards and requirements were observed during the production of the material, harmful substances remain bound. Therefore, we can state the fact that basalt wool is harmless to human health and the environment.

An excellent option to solve the problem of sound insulation is to cover the walls with cork.

This coating is environmentally friendly pure materials, since the material has a natural composition. Cork is able to retain heat, is reliable and durable. An equally important advantage is the aesthetic appearance.

Cork is commercially available in two types:

1. Soundproofing panels.
2. Rolls (film).

To attach it to the walls, you must use an adhesive composition. The internal structure of the material is represented by a huge number of tiny bubbles that perfectly retain heat inside. In addition, this structure helps to improve the acoustic picture in the rooms.

Soundproofing panels have the following characteristics:

• light weight - the material is light and does not sink in water;
• elasticity – even after rendering high pressure, the panel returns back to its original shape;
• tightness - due to the presence of tree bark, the material becomes impermeable to substances in liquid and gaseous states;
• high water resistance;
• hypoallergenic - the stove does not absorb dust, therefore it is not capable of provoking allergic reactions;
• fire resistance - it does not contribute to the spread of fire, in addition, when ignited, it does not release toxins, which is confirmed SNiP 03/23/2003;
• the internal structure of the slab provides excellent soundproofing properties, so its use will ensure peace and quiet in the house;
• durability due to the unique structure of soundproofing boards and their qualities - elasticity and elasticity. Even after a long period of time, the material will not lose its original properties.

Cork is a natural product, the connecting link of which is made of polyurethane. The thickness of the slab depends on the type - varies from 0.6 to 1.2 mm. It is recommended to protect the material from prolonged exposure to sunlight. The ability of cork to dampen vibrations provides a significant reduction in noise in the room where it is used.

Soundproofing a room using cork is an excellent option for new buildings that do not require the use of special materials to ensure noise insulation. Cork can be used for walls, ceilings and decorative partitions, as evidenced by numerous reviews from experts.

The characteristics of this material can be found in the table.

For a more detailed explanation, we studied this material and described our observations and research in the article “”

If you choose sound-absorbing materials for walls, decorative partitions or ceilings in a new building, then you need to rely not only on the performance properties or advantages of a particular polymer, it is also recommended to pay attention to the technical properties of the product. The presented table includes a comparison of all materials considered in technical terms. To draw an analogy, the following indicators were used: density, thermal conductivity, porosity, durability, working temperature. Taking into account each of these parameters, you will make the right choice in favor of one product or another. Technical properties of soundproofing materials

So, all of the listed soundproofing materials can demonstrate their qualities only in a correctly assembled structure. They are distinguished by high parameters for each indicator, which determines the popularity of their use.

To ensure a good level of comfort, both in life and work, it is very important to create a pleasant sound environment. To solve this problem, soundproofing materials are used. They are represented very widely on the construction market. You can choose a solution based on any parameters: location of application, cost, amount of work, etc. Moreover, in a number of materials, sound insulation is combined with thermal insulation or waterproofing, which is very convenient.

Soundproofing materials

You can install soundproofing walls yourself, although it is better to contact teams that specialize in this. Also, given that sound insulation work requires rather messy processes, you should try to install sound insulation at the stage of preparing the room for finishing.

There are several types of noise that can be grouped into two groups:

• Airborne noise. These are sounds that are carried through the air: screams, conversation, laughter, music. Such noise comes from neighbors through small gaps and cracks in walls and ceilings, as well as through open windows;
• Impact noise. These are sounds that are carried across hard floors and walls. Otherwise, impact noise is also called vibration. Such sounds are especially annoying and unpleasant: drilling a hammer drill; subwoofer; doors slamming; stomp; jumping.

To measure airborne or impact noise you will need special equipment. Exist various models such devices: from professional expensive ones to household ones with quite affordable price up to 2000 rub. Regardless of the cost, the operating principle of noise measuring devices is the same. Converting vibrations of the trapping membrane into electric current. The greater the amplitude of the oscillations, the more amperes are generated. The final data is displayed on the board.

Noise Level Determination Device

According to SNiPs, the acceptable noise level in residential buildings during the daytime (from 7:00 to 23:00) is 40 decibels (dB), which is comparable in volume to a normal conversation.

The upper noise threshold for this time should not exceed 55 dB, which is comparable to the volume level of a typewriter or gentle slapping of a hand on a table. At night in residential buildings, the upper sound threshold is legally set at 40 dB, but the recommended noise level is 20-25 dB (the volume of a whisper).

Often these requirements are unattainable. And often not because of someone’s malicious intent, but because of the features of the house: thin walls, thin partitions, through holes for electrical boxes and sockets, and much more. If vibration and noise insulation in the house does not meet the desired level, then the best solution There will be installation of special soundproofing structures or materials.

Materials for sound insulation must be selected based on how high-quality sound insulation of the walls is required. Preference, other things being equal, is usually given to those materials with a higher sound insulation index. The sound insulation coefficient, sound insulation index or impact noise reduction index is a qualitative indicator that reflects how many dB the impact noise transmitted along walls and ceilings will be reduced.

Sound insulation materials

Soundproofing materials come in the following types:

• soundproofing acoustic sealant;
• soundproofing polyurethane foam boards;
• soundproofing underlays for floor coverings;
• soundproofing panels for floors;
• sound-absorbing linoleum;
• soundproofing tape for damping vibrations;
• soundproofing sealant;
• soundproofing foam;
• non-flammable sound-absorbing mineral wool slabs;
• soundproofing panels;
• self-adhesive roll material against impact noise based on bitumen;
• soundproofing mats for floating floors;
• soundproofing base for floating floors;
• vibration-damping and sound-absorbing mastic;
• sprayed liquid sound insulation based on cellulose;
• soundproofing foam;
• cork backings.

Let's look at some of them:

Shumoplast

A mixture of granules of elastic material, rubber additive and acrylic-based binder. This soundproofing material is designed specifically to create a dampening base for floating floors. Does its job perfectly. The best material for rooms with complex shapes. Shumoplast is also indispensable when working in large rooms.

Impact noise reduction index from 24 to 32 dB

Pros:

• allows you to avoid laying a waterproofing layer;
• shrinkage no more than 5% under a load of 5 kPa;
• allows local unevenness of the floor surface up to 15 mm;
• long service life;
• does not lose soundproofing properties during operation;
• simplicity and high speed of application;
• environmental friendliness.

Minuses:

• It takes time to dry (about a day).

Soundproofing foam

It is a specially shaped foamed polyurethane. The material is used when sound insulation and sound absorption of both noise penetrating into the room and emanating from it is required. Foam rubber is glued to the walls and ceilings of rooms, recording studios, and cinemas to create better acoustics. You can also create special mobile soundproofing panels from soundproofing foam. Acoustic foam rubber is mounted on the surface using glue. Some manufacturers have a self-adhesive film on the back of the material.

Pros:

• installed in an open way;
• elastic and flexible;
• effective material.

Minuses:

• requires careful operation;
• melts when burned, producing toxic smoke;
• destroyed by heat and ultraviolet radiation.

Soundproofing foam

Teksound

Soundproofing material made on a mineral basis. Roll sound insulation with high mass density and... The thickness of the material (4 mm) allows it to be used for walls and ceilings.

Impact noise reduction index up to 28 dB

Pros:

• rot resistance;
• flexibility and elasticity;
• easy and simple to install;
• does not change noise insulation properties during operation;
• low-flammable material, self-extinguishing.

Minuses:

• Quite inexpensive sound insulation;
• When installed on concrete, it requires a mandatory substrate.

Teksound

Acoustic decorative board Audek

Soundproofing panels are perforated. They combine good sound insulation and decorative finishing. The outside is covered with natural veneer, the color of which can be chosen based on the requirements of the design project. The slabs are designed primarily to absorb sound from inside the room. Installation of soundproofing walls Audek is carried out very quickly.

Sound absorption coefficient up to 0.95

Pros:

• environmental friendliness;
• efficiency
• ease of installation.

Minuses:

• high price.

Audek panels

Isoplast

Soundproofing material made from coniferous wood. It suppresses noise well and provides a heat-insulating effect. Can be used as sound insulation under plaster.

Pros:

• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation.

Minuses:

• high price.

Isoplast

Mineral wool

A natural material based on basalt, also called stone wool. Has high density. The manufacturing technology is similar to glass wool. Soundproofing materials of this type combine sound insulation and thermal insulation well.

Impact noise reduction index up to 30 dB

Pros:

• withstands temperatures up to 550˚C;
• does not contain formaldehyde resins;
• does not require lathing during installation;
• environmentally friendly;
• durable;
• resistant to shrinkage;

Minuses:

• absorbs moisture and requires mandatory waterproofing.

Mineral wool

Soundproofing membrane

Fine sound insulation made from natural mineral matter and a binder polymer. Soundproofing film can be used on all types of surfaces to which it is attached with glue.

Impact noise reduction index up to 22 dB

Pros:

• operating temperature range from -60˚С to +180;
• high tear resistance;
• elasticity;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• does not break when bent down to -20˚С;

Minuses:

• high price.

Soundproofing membrane

Soundproofing plaster

Effective with a thickness of at least 2 cm

Pros:

• speeds up the repair process;
• levels the walls;
• environmentally friendly;
• wide operating temperature range.

Minuses:

• ineffective at suppressing external noise;
• the need to apply several layers
• high price.

Soundproofing plaster

Shumoizol

Two-layer material produced in rolls. It consists of a non-woven fabric - a base and a bitumen layer. Excellent vibration and noise insulation. This thin sound insulation, thanks to its good noise-absorbing properties and resistance to compression, can even be used with frameless (a method where metallic profile is not displayed, but gypsum boards are attached directly to the wall).

Impact noise reduction index up to 27 dB

Pros:

• combines soundproofing and waterproofing properties;
• elastic and flexible;
• environmentally friendly;
• durability.

Minuses:

• high price.

Shumoizol

Cork

Natural material made from extruded cork chips. Retains sound and heat very well. Available in the form of sheets, panels, rolls, etc.

Impact noise reduction index for material thickness 3 mm - 18 dB

Pros:

• ease of installation;
• does not absorb liquid;
• environmentally friendly;
• durable;
• decorative;
• retains not only sound well, but also heat;
• efficiency.

Minuses:

• Care is required during installation, as the material may tear;
• high price.

Cork

Soundproofing

Roll material, a combination of foamed polyethylene foam and a bitumen layer.

Impact noise reduction index up to 23 dB

Pros:

• combines waterproofing and soundproofing properties;
• elastic and flexible;
• environmentally friendly;
• operating temperature range from -25˚С to +85˚С;
• durability;
• low cost.

Minuses:

• not identified.

Soundproofing

Specialized types of sound insulation

There are many types of soundproofing materials. Some of them are used exclusively in construction and decoration, while others are universal.

A separate section is dedicated to car sound insulation. Materials that are used on car bodies can also be used in construction.

For example, automotive vibration dampening mastic is perfect if you need to reduce the volume of a tin roof and corrugated sheet metal shed walls. The mastic is applied using a brush or, if the consistency allows, a spray gun. It dries quickly and dampens noise and vibration quite well.

Another good decision sound insulation in the apartment, which is borrowed from the automotive world - vibration damping materials such as Vibroplast or similar. Sheet and roll materials are made on a bitumen basis, akin to Shumaizol or Zvukoisol. An important difference is that Vibroplast is self-adhesive. It is very easy to install - you just need to peel off the protective layer and press the sheet to the insulated surface. A convenient solution for vibration isolation of small areas. For example, this can be used to improve a balcony door.

To create a practically soundproof house, it will not be enough to use only one of the materials listed. Each element of the structure will have its own appropriate and effective solutions. It is best if a combination of several materials is used: for vibration absorption, sound insulation and sound absorption.