Functional fire hazard class. Fire-technical classification of buildings and structures

Buildings and parts of buildings (rooms or groups of rooms functionally interconnected) according to functional fire hazard are divided into classes depending on the method of their use and the extent to which the safety of people in them in the event of an fire is at risk, taking into account their age, physical condition, ability to stay asleep, type of main functional contingent and its quantity.

In total, the standards establish 5 classes, designated F1-F5 (the letter “F” from the word “functional”). Within each class there are additional divisions. The most responsible is always the first class and subclass, as the number increases the level fire safety requirements decreases.

Class F1 - Premises for permanent residence and temporary (including 24-hour) stay of people

Premises in F1 class buildings are used around the clock, the contingent of people in them can be of different ages and physical conditions, these buildings are characterized by the presence of sleeping quarters.

In residential buildings there are usually no rooms with large numbers of people.

Considering that people may be sleeping in residential premises, the start of a fire can be detected with a significant delay when the fire has spread over a large area. In the most critical situation, the start of a fire may not be detected at all - people will suffocate from smoke in their sleep. This circumstance makes the F1 class one of the most responsible in terms of necessity fire protection.

The division of class F1 into subclasses is discussed below.

F1.1- Children's preschool institutions, specialized homes for the elderly and disabled (non-residential), hospitals, dormitories of boarding schools and child care institutions. It is typical for this subclass that the main contingent consists of people who cannot evacuate on their own (children, the elderly, the disabled, the sick). This creates significant difficulty in quickly evacuating in case of fire. The evacuation must be organized by personnel whose number is significantly less than the number of the main contingent.

Individual premises can be classified as premises with large numbers of people (dining rooms, assembly halls and study rooms, playrooms, sleeping areas of kindergartens).

F1.2- Hotels, hostels, dormitories of sanatoriums and holiday homes general type, campsites, motels and boarding houses. For

This subclass is characterized by the fact that the main contingent consists of adults who can evacuate independently if a fire is detected. The main contingent is usually quite familiar with the location of rooms and exits. The number of staff is significantly less than the number of the main contingent.

F1.3- Multi-apartment residential buildings. It is typical for this subclass that the main contingent consists of people who are well familiar with the location of rooms and exits. The number of people in the building is quite large, including children. A feature of residential buildings is that maximum amount residents stay in them in the evening and at night; during the day, children can be alone in the apartments.

A planning feature of such buildings is the absence of a corridor system. Each apartment is fenced with fire barriers and has direct access to the staircase.

F1.4- Single-family houses, including blocked residential buildings. It is typical for this subclass that the number of inhabitants is small. among them there are children.

The planning feature of these residential buildings is a one-story structure, no staircases, since each apartment is fenced off with fire barriers and has direct access to the street - no special escape routes are required.

Class F2 - Entertainment and cultural and educational institutions

The main premises in F1 class buildings are characterized by a massive presence of visitors at certain periods of time. The population of people in them consists of visitors and staff. Visitors can be of different ages, usually healthy people. The staff consists of adults only. The number of visitors is significantly greater than the number of staff. Important feature is that. that visitors may be unfamiliar with the layout of the premises and the location of emergency exits.

The planning solutions for these buildings imply the presence of one or several sufficiently large in area and height premises for the main purpose (auditoriums, sports arenas), a background or vestibule with it and small auxiliary premises for various purposes.

The main premises of these buildings (auditoriums) are always rooms with large numbers of people. The presence of a large number of people in the hall significantly increases the likelihood of timely detection of the onset of a fire, which allows evacuation to begin earlier. However, a large number of people in the hall increases the overall evacuation time and requires fairly wide passages and several exits. The high height of the auditorium creates a significant smoke reserve, which facilitates evacuation.

The division of class F2 into subclasses is discussed below.

F2.1- Theatres, cinemas, concert halls, clubs, circuses, sports facilities with stands, libraries and other institutions with an estimated number seats for visitors in enclosed spaces. The presence of seats makes it difficult for visitors to evacuate from the hall. According to modern standards, chairs must be secured to the floor.

F2.2- Museums, exhibitions, dance halls and other similar indoor institutions. This subclass, in contrast to premises of subclass F1, is characterized by the absence of seating for visitors in the main premises. If there are seats (benches, armchairs, sofas), then their number is small compared to the number of visitors.

F2.3- Institutions specified in F2.1, located in the open air.

F2.4- Institutions specified in F2.2, located in the open air. The location of the main areas in the open air eliminates problems with smoke, which significantly reduces the likelihood of damage to human health and does not require smoke ventilation.

Federal Law class - Public service enterprises

The contingent of people in them consists of visitors and staff. Visitors can be of different ages; as a rule, they are healthy people. The staff consists of adults only. The number of visitors usually exceeds the number of staff. Visitors may be unfamiliar with the layout of the premises and the location of emergency exits.

There may be no seating for visitors. The exception is seating for specialized services (hairdressers, canteens) and a small number of seats for visitors waiting in line.

Planning decisions most often imply the presence of a main room (hall) and a group of auxiliary rooms.

The division of the Federal Law class into subclasses is discussed below.

F3.1- Trade enterprises. The planning solutions of these buildings imply the presence of one or more premises for the main purpose (trading floors) and fairly small auxiliary premises for various purposes. On average, the sales area is 40-50% of the total area of the building. The number of floors may vary, including multi-story stores that may have elevators. Service freight elevators are often available to lift goods from the basement or ground floor.

It is typical for stores to have storerooms where there is no constant presence of people, which makes it difficult to detect the start of a fire.

The estimated number of visitors in trading floors can be quite large - these are premises with large numbers of people.

Store opening hours can be 24/7.

F3.2- Enterprises Catering. This sub-class includes public and industrial canteens, cafes, bars, restaurants. The operating hours of these institutions may be shifts or 24 hours a day.

The planning solutions of these buildings imply the presence of one or several premises for the main purpose (dining rooms) and quite a lot of auxiliary premises for various purposes, including kitchens with cold and hot production shops. In hot shops there is a high fire hazard, since there is heated oil and lard that can easily catch fire. In some restaurants with national cuisine today they use open fire for cooking, and in some cases even in the dining room. The presence of an open fire significantly increases the fire hazard of premises. In hot shops there are usually local suctions above hot equipment (stoves, frying pans, boilers, ovens, etc.).

The dining rooms have a calculated number of tables and seating, and the layout is open and the furniture is not attached to the floor. This is done in order to expand the functionality of the space and, by rearranging the furniture, to adapt it to large events (weddings, anniversaries, gala evenings, etc.).

The estimated number of visitors in dining rooms is usually more than 25 people - these are almost always rooms with large numbers of people.

The number of floors is usually 1-2. There are storerooms where there is no constant presence of people, which makes it difficult to detect the start of a fire. Industrial premises (kitchens) often have a service freight elevator for lifting goods from storerooms.

A modern feature of many such establishments is that they are often located in residential or administrative buildings, often located in the basement, and operate in the evening and at night.

FZ.Z- Stations. This subclass includes railway, bus, river, sea and air terminals. The operating hours of these institutions are 24 hours a day. Many passengers may be asleep at night. Among the passengers there may be children, old people, and disabled people.

The planning solutions of these buildings imply the presence of one or several premises for the main purpose (waiting rooms, cash registers or ticket halls) and quite a lot of auxiliary premises for various purposes. The estimated number of visitors in the main premises is large - these are always premises with a large number of people.

Most often these are one- or two-story buildings; there are usually no elevators.

F3.4- Clinics and outpatient clinics

The planning solutions of these buildings most often imply a floor-by-floor corridor system for the location of offices. Evacuation routes are corridors and staircases. The number of floors can vary, usually up to four; multi-storey buildings may have elevators.

The estimated number of visitors is usually greater than the number of staff, but visitors are evenly dispersed throughout the building - there are no separate rooms with large numbers of people.

In the corridors, where people usually wait in line, there is an insufficient number of seats (not for all visitors) in the form of chairs, benches, and sofas.

F3.5- Premises for visitors to consumer and public service enterprises. This subclass includes buildings and premises of post offices, savings banks, transport agencies, legal consultations, notary offices, laundries, sewing and repair shops for shoes and clothing, dry cleaning, hairdressing salons and other similar ones, including ritual and religious institutions.

The number of visitors often far exceeds the number of staff. Premises with large numbers of people include the operating rooms of savings banks and post offices. The area of most rooms may be small, with the exception of operating rooms. Fire danger is determined by the presence of furniture and decoration of premises; there are no technological processes using high-temperature equipment. In industrial premises of dry cleaners, shoe repair and some others, organic solvents can be used in small quantities. In industrial premises with the release of moisture or harmful vapors and dust, there may be local suction from process equipment.

A feature of this subclass is the presence of a certain non-designated number of seats for visitors.

The operating mode is usually daytime only; at night only duty personnel can work emergency department or built-in pharmacy.

F3.6- Physical education and health complexes and sports training institutions without stands for spectators, household premises, baths. Characteristic of these institutions is the presence of a main premises (gym, swimming pool, water park) and a developed system of auxiliary premises: dressing rooms, dressing rooms, showers, rest rooms, etc.

The number of visitors often significantly exceeds the number of staff. Seats in the main premises are absent or are available in small quantities.

The fire danger is quite small and is determined by the presence of furniture and decoration of the premises. Equipment with high temperatures limited use (saunas).

Class F4 - Educational institutions, scientific and design organizations, management institutions

The premises in these buildings are used only for a short time during the day; as a rule, they house a permanent contingent of a certain age and physical condition that is accustomed to local conditions. In educational institutions these may be children, in other institutions - adults. There are no or very few visitors, so it is believed that people in these buildings are well familiar with the layout of the premises and the location of emergency exits.

There is an estimated number of seats in the main premises. The exception is the premises of research laboratories, workshops and auxiliary premises.

Planning solutions for such buildings most often imply a corridor system for the arrangement of premises. Considering the large number of people in the building, there should be at least two staircases, maybe more. If there are a large number of floors in the building, there may be an elevator.

The division of class F4 into subclasses is discussed below.

F4.1- Schools, extracurricular educational establishments, secondary specialized educational institutions, vocational schools.

The peculiarity of these educational institutions is that in addition to teachers and support staff, there are children of different ages. All people are familiar with the layout of premises and the location of escape routes.

The layout of the classrooms is corridor, and the corridors must have glazing on the side external wall(classes are located on one side of the corridor). This makes it much easier to remove smoke and evacuate people.

Separate groups of premises include a dining room, assembly and sports halls, workshops with their own auxiliary premises.

F4.2- Higher educational institutions, institutions of advanced training.

The entire contingent in the building is adults. All people, as a rule, are well familiar with the layout of premises and the location of evacuation routes.

F4.3- Institutions of governing bodies, design and

design organizations, information and editorial and publishing organizations, research organizations, banks, offices, offices. The entire contingent in the building is adults. The layout of the premises is corridor-based, with the premises usually located on both sides of the corridor. This increases the usable area. The workload of the premises is significantly less than in educational institutions. since much more space is required per worker. Characteristic is a large number of fairly small offices.

Some institutions have visitors (banks, offices), but their number is usually significantly less than the number of staff. There may be separate rooms with large numbers of people (operating rooms of banks, assembly halls, conference rooms).

F4.4- Fire stations. The entire contingent in the building is adults. The number of contingents is small, there are no premises with large numbers of people. All people are familiar with the layout.

The layout of the premises includes parking for fire trucks and auxiliary premises for resting the duty shift, conducting classes, storing and repairing fire equipment, and household premises. Auxiliary premises are usually located on both sides of the corridor.

Class F5 - Industrial and warehouse buildings, structures and premises

Premises of this class are characterized by the presence of a permanent contingent of workers, including around the clock. The entire contingent in the building is adults. The number of contingents in relation to the size and volume of the building is small, premises with a large number of people. All people are familiar with the layout.

The layout can be very different; a corridor system is rare.

The division of class F5 into subclasses is discussed below.

F5.1- Industrial buildings and structures, production and laboratory premises, workshops. This subclass is characterized by the fact that during execution technological process There are always people in the room, which makes it easier to detect the start of a fire. Premises in the same building may have very different categories of explosion and fire and fire danger- from A to D.

F5.2- Warehouse buildings and structures, parking lots for cars without maintenance and repair, book depositories, archives, warehouses. This subclass is characterized by the fact that there is no technological process in the main premises and there is no permanent presence of people, which does not allow detecting the occurrence of a fire in the initial stage.

A characteristic feature of these premises is the absence of windows in the external walls or even underground location, which complicates the removal of smoke and access for fire crews to extinguish the fire.

F5.3- Agricultural buildings. Premises can have very different planning solutions and technological purposes (livestock and poultry farms, storage facilities, product processing and feed preparation premises).

The number of staff is usually relatively small and there are no visitors.

A peculiarity of agricultural buildings is that they are often located away from other buildings, which eliminates the possibility of a fire spreading to neighboring buildings.

Industrial and warehouse buildings and premises according to explosion and fire hazard, depending on the quantity and fire and explosion hazardous properties of the substances and materials located (circulating) in them, taking into account the characteristics of the technological processes of the production facilities located in them, are divided into categories according to NPB 105.

Production and warehouse premises, including laboratories and workshops in buildings of classes F1, F2, FZ and F4, belong to class F5.

A ventilation design specialist must know the classes and subclasses of functional fire hazard discussed above, because they primarily determine the need for smoke ventilation in buildings for various purposes. In all regulatory documents, when specifying fire safety requirements, references are given not to the specific purpose of the room or building, but to the class or subclass to which it belongs. Reading documents without a clear understanding of the meaning of each designation (class or subclass) is simply impossible.

Depending on the functional fire hazard, the standards also limit the possibility of locating premises in basements and ground floors, the maximum number of floors of buildings, the number and slopes of stairs, the width of corridors and many other parameters that affect the possibility of evacuating people from a building in the event of a fire.

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Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

Mytishchi branch

Test No. 2

Subject: " Fire safety administrative building»

Completed by: Kotova E.D.

3rd year 4th group

Teacher: Fakhrislamov R.Z.

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM

The fire safety system of the facility includes:

1. fire prevention system,

2. system fire protection,

3. a set of organizational and technical measures to ensure fire safety.

Fire prevention at the facility is achieved by:

1. the maximum possible use of non-flammable and difficult to combustible substances and materials;

2. the maximum possible limitation of the mass and (or) volume of flammable substances, materials and most in a safe way their placement;

3. insulation flammable environment by using insulated compartments, premises, equipment, etc. (insulation of premises of categories B2-B4 with fire barriers with a standardized fire resistance limit);

4. installation of fire hazardous equipment with the appropriate protection class;

5. using devices to protect equipment with flammable substances from damage and accidents, installing shut-off, cut-off and other devices;

6. use of electrical equipment corresponding to fire and explosion hazardous zones, group and category of explosive mixtures in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”, GOST 12.1.011 and Electrical Installation Rules; the use of equipment that meets the requirements of electrostatic spark safety in accordance with GOST 12.1.018;

7. lightning protection device for buildings;

8. elimination of conditions for thermal, chemical and (or) microbiological spontaneous combustion of circulating substances, materials, products and structures;

9. reducing the determining size of the flammable medium below the maximum permissible for flammability;

10. compliance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations “On the current building codes, codes of rules and standards.

Fire protection of the facility is provided by:

Use of fire extinguishing agents and appropriate types fire equipment;

Application automatic installations fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarm installations;

Devices that limit the spread of fire beyond specified limits;

Application building structures with regulated fire resistance limits and fire hazard classes;

Organization of timely evacuation of people and supplies service personnel means personal protection from hazardous factors fire and related manifestations;

Limiting the spread of fire beyond the combustion area is ensured by:

Installation of fire barriers;

Establishment of maximum permissible areas of fire compartments;

Device emergency shutdown and switching installations and communications;

The use of fire-retarding devices in equipment.

In order to ensure fire safety at the facility, the following organizational and technical measures must be developed.

For maintenance and repair of task fire protection systems, a unified engineering service must be created or concluded management company agreement with a specialized organization.

The security services during construction should include specialists in monitoring the implementation of fire prevention measures provided for by the project, and during operation - to monitor the operation of fire automatics.

It is necessary to provide for the development, coordination and approval of instructions for the facility personnel, and for the engineering service for the maintenance and repair of fire protection systems, in addition - instructions for carrying out preventive and monitoring activities.

Buildings must be provided with primary fire extinguishing means (fire extinguishers, etc.) in quantities that meet the requirements of regulatory documents.

Before operating the facility, the following must be completed:

Smoking areas have been designated and equipped;

The locations and permissible quantities of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products located in the premises at one time have been determined;

A procedure has been established for the removal of flammable waste and dust, and the storage of oily workwear;

The procedure for de-energizing electrical equipment in the event of a fire and at the end of the working day has been determined;

Regulated:

The procedure for carrying out temporary fire and other fire hazardous work;

The procedure for inspecting and closing premises after completion of work;

Actions of workers upon detection of a fire;

The order and timing of completion have been determined fire safety training and classes on the fire-technical minimum, as well as those responsible for their implementation. _

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OBJECT

The administrative building is a three-story building with axial dimensions of 17.6x11.6 m.

Functional fire hazard class - F 4.3.

Structural fire hazard class - CO.

The fire resistance level of the building is II.

Total area 609.92 m2._

Administrative building F4.3

External fire extinguishing is provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 8.13130.2009*.

Fire resistance degree - CO II

Construction volume, m3 / number of storeys - 2172 / 3

Consumption for external fire extinguishing, l/s - 15

Extinguishing time, h - 3

3. driveways and entrances for fire fighting equipment

Access for fire fighting equipment is provided in accordance with the requirements of Art. 98 FZ-123, ch. 8 SP 4.13130.2013.

For buildings of class F4.3 (Administrative building), passage is provided on at least one side along the length of the buildings, the height of the buildings is less than 18 m - pp. 8.1, 8.3 SP 4.13130.2013.

The fire station is located no more than 1 km from the Property.

The passage of fire engines to the power plant is provided through a passage made of reinforced concrete structures.

In order to ensure the safe operation of fire departments at the enterprise site, the following are provided:

Fire driveways and access roads to buildings for fire fighting equipment;

External fire escapes and other means of lifting unit personnel and fire fighting equipment to the floors and roof of the building;

External and internal systems fire-fighting water supply, the required number of hydrants.

The space-planning solutions of buildings ensure that the danger of smoke is limited to the routes of personnel of units inside the building.

To ensure the effectiveness of actions and safety of security units when extinguishing a fire, the enterprise administration provides:

Cessation of all work in the building, except for work related to

Fire extinguishing;

Removing out of bounds danger zone all workers not involved in firefighting;

Organization of a meeting of divisions fire department and assistance in choosing the shortest route to the fire site;

Informing the fire department about structural and technological features of the facility, adjacent buildings and structures, on the amount of hazardous (explosive), explosive, and highly toxic substances processed or stored at the facility.

4. DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND SPACE PLANNING SOLUTIONS ADOPTED, THE DEGREE OF FIRE RESISTANCE AND THE CLASS OF STRUCTURAL FIRE HAZARD OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

4.1 Functional fire hazard class, degree of fire resistance, area of fire compartments

KPO class - C0

Functional fire hazard class - F4.3

Number of floors/Height, m - 3 / 7.8

Fire resistance degree - CO II

Floor area within the fire compartment, m2 - 213

fireman security alarm building

4.2 Design solutions

1. Frame building - metal frame with fire protection.

2.Load-bearing metal constructions and metal structures that provide spatial rigidity of the frame - with fire protection - fire protection "Hephaestus" OSM-1, certificate C-RU.PB34.V.00858 valid until 03/21/2017.

3. Enclosing non-load-bearing structures - hinged from three-layer “Sandwich” panels manufactured by JSC “Petropanel” TU 5284-001-50901814-99 with horizontal installation, with insulation made of mineral wool board (NG).

4. Interfloor ceilings: monolithic reinforced concrete on steel beams with fire protection.

5. The walls of the staircases are foam concrete.

6. Stair landing flights are prefabricated reinforced concrete on steel stringers with fire protection.

7. Covering - three-layer “Sandwich” panels manufactured by JSC “Petropanel” TU 5284-001-50901814-99 with mineral wool insulation (NG) over a metal frame.

Fire resistance limit, (h)

Structural fire hazard class

5. DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS TO ENSURE PEOPLE’S SAFETY IN THE EVENT OF FIRE

There is no provision for more than 50 people staying in the building at the same time.

First floor.

An independent evacuation exit with a width of at least 0.8 m is provided from the input unit room.

The premises are provided with at least one emergency exit with a width of at least 0.8 m.

Second and third floors.

There are two emergency exits from the floors - along a staircase of type L1, which has access directly to the outside, and along a staircase of type 3.

The width of the exits is 1.0 m.

Width flights of stairs at least 1.2 m is provided.

Distances along escape routes from the doors of the premises to the emergency exit do not exceed 11 m, meets the requirements of Table 26 SP 1.13130.2009*.

The width of horizontal sections of evacuation routes is provided for at least 1.0 m.

6. DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF FIRE PROTECTION, THE NEED FOR PLACEMENT OF SMOKE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

Exhaust smoke ventilation systems are equipped with:

Corridors longer than 15 m without natural ventilation with

fire in an administrative building (clause 7.2c taking into account clause 8.5 of SP 7.13130.2013).

EI 30 - for corridors and halls when installing dampers on branches of air ducts from smoke exhaust shafts;

E 30 - for corridors and halls when installing smoke valves directly in the shaft openings;

c) release of combustion products into the atmosphere at a height of at least 2 m from the roof;

d) installation check valves at the fans.

Control of the executive elements of smoke ventilation equipment is carried out automatically (from an automatic fire alarm) and remotely (from the control panel of the duty shift of dispatch personnel and from buttons installed at emergency exits from floors or in fire cabinets).

7. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES FOR VENTILATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDENSATION

Fire safety of building ventilation systems is ensured in accordance with the requirements of SP 7.13130.2009.

Limiting the spread of fire in ventilation systems is ensured by installing air ducts and fire dampers with a standardized fire resistance limit.

Transit air ducts and collectors within the serviced fire compartment are provided with a fire resistance limit of EI 30, floor branches are connected to vertical collectors through fire protection normally open valves.

In the openings of enclosing building structures with a standardized fire resistance limit and in air ducts crossing these structures, it is planned to install fire dampers normally open with a fire resistance limit:

EI 30 -- with the rated fire resistance limit of building envelopes REI 45 (EI 45);

Automation means for heating and ventilation systems are designed in order to ensure and maintain the required parameters of the air environment, increase the reliability of systems, as well as turn on and off systems according to special requirements (in case of fire, accident, etc.), save heat and electricity.

To meet these requirements, the project provides for the following activities:

Blocking ventilation systems with fire alarm in order to turn them off in case of fire;

Turning off ventilation systems in case of fire;

Turning on smoke removal systems in case of fire.

Fire Alarm Systems

1. Security and fire control panel "S2000-4"

2. Backup power supply RIP 12 RS

3. Manual fire detector IPR-3SUM

4. Fire smoke detector IP212-3SUM

5. Light annunciator KOP 25

6. Sound annunciator OPOP 2-35

7.1 OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF THE INSTALLATION

If a fire occurs in the parking area, the powder fire extinguishing system is activated.

Automatic start-up mode of the AUPT installation.

In automatic mode, when one detector is triggered, the “S2000-ASPT” device switches to the “Attention” mode and transmits an “Attention” notification indicating its address via the communication line to the “S2000-M” control panel.

In this case, the “Attention” sound alarm turns on, and the “Attention” indicator light turns on in constant light mode.

When two or more detectors are triggered, the “S2000-ASPT” device switches to the “Fire” mode and transmits a “Fire” notification indicating its address via the communication line to the “S2000-M”.

In this case, a two-tone “Fire” sound signal is turned on, the “Fire” light indicator turns on in constant light mode, and then the “S2000-ASPT” device switches to the “Startup Delay” mode and the countdown of the programmed delay time for issuing the extinguishing command begins (time delay is set during programming from 10 to 254 sec and depends on the time of evacuation of people from the protected premises) and the following light alarms “POWDER GO”, “POWDER DO NOT ENTER” and a sound alarm are turned on. At the same time, the “S2000-ASPT” device according to a given algorithm issues a command to turn off the ventilation, close the fire-retarding valves, turn on the smoke exhaust ventilation for the delay time and open the smoke exhaust valves, as well as to the access control control system.

15 s before the end of the start delay time, the frequency of sound signals of the internal sound signal doubles in size; 5 s before the end of the delay time - four times. When switching to the “Start AUP” mode, the “S2000-ASPT” device issues a command to the S2000-KPB. You can reset the “Start AUP” mode by pressing the “RESET” button on the device panel.

Auto start mode can be turned off:

When you press the "Automatic OFF" button on the instrument panel,

By the corresponding command from “S2000-M”,

If the parameter “Blocking automatic shutdown in case of malfunction” is turned off, if there is a malfunction in the connection circuits for light and sound alarms, or if the starting circuit is faulty.

After the countdown of the delay time has ended, the device switches to the “Start AUP” mode, smoke removal is turned off and a command is issued (lasting 1,4,8 or 12 seconds - the duration is programmable) to start the modules MPP(r)-7-I-GE_______-UHL cat. 3.1 (“Garant-7”).

Remote start mode of the AUPT installation.

In this mode, when you press the "Start" button located at the entrance to the protected premises, the "S2000-ASPT" device switches to the "Extinguishing" mode and begins counting the time delay for the launch of the AUP, and the sound and warning lights. Further, the operation of the devices is carried out according to the algorithm described above.

With “S2000-M” it is possible remote control"S2000-ASPT" for which you need to dial the "Start" command. At the end of the countdown of the delay time, and in this start mode the countdown of the delay time cannot be interrupted, “S2000-ASPT issues a command (lasting 8 seconds) to start the extinguishing device. Further operation of the system is similar to that described above.

LIST OF SOURCES USED

Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements.”

GOST 12.1.004-91* SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements.

GOST 12.1.033-81* SSBT. Fire safety. Terms and Definitions.

GOST R 12.4.026-2001 SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of use. Are common technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods.

GOST R 12.3.047-98 Fire safety of technological processes.

GOST 10704-91 Electric-welded steel pipes.

GOST 3262-75 Steel water and gas pipes.

SP 1.13130.2009* Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits.

SP 2.13130.2012 Fire protection systems. Ensuring fire resistance of protected objects.

SP 3.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Warning systems and management of evacuation of people in case of fire.

SP 4.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fires at protection facilities. Requirements for space-planning and design solutions.

SP 5.13130.2009* Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules.

SP 6.13130.2013 Fire protection systems.

Electrical equipment. Fire safety requirements.

SP 7.13130.2013 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning.

Fire safety requirements.

SP 8.13130.2009* Fire protection systems. Sources of external fire water supply. Fire safety requirements.

SP 10.13130.2009* Fire protection systems. Interior fire water supply. Fire safety requirements.

NPB 160-97 Signal colors. Fire safety signs. Types, sizes, general technical requirements.

SNiP 23-05-95 Natural and artificial lighting.

SP 17.13330.2011 SNiP II-26-76 Roofs.

SO 153-34.21.122-2003 Instructions for the installation of lightning protection of buildings, structures and industrial communications.

PUE Rules for electrical installations.

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Safety class, as defined

The functional fire hazard class of buildings is a classification characteristic identified by the purpose and details of use of specific buildings.

Features of production technology and fire hazard are also taken into account.
The need for correct identification of the destination has been identified. Further, the section itself is divided into classes using special criteria.

Fire resistance degree

Data on this degree for construction must be recorded in the relevant documentation.

Structural fire hazard class

It is determined by the degree of influence (columns, crossbars, coatings, fire barriers, etc.) on the spread of fire during a fire.

Functional fire hazard class

We will consider the list of signs by which the class number is identified below. You need to know that the building and its parts, which are connected by a common function, are divided into different classes depending on the method of its operation and on how safe it is for people to stay there during a fire. This takes into account their age, physical health, the probability of being in a sleeping state, the approximate number of people concentrated inside.

Classification

There are five classes of functional fire safety in total.

First

These are buildings that are intended for permanent or temporary residence of the population. These, as a rule, are operated around the clock, and the composition of the people inside and their physical health are sometimes completely different. For structures of this type, the presence of sleeping rooms is standard, which means that the possibility of sleeping people exists. Buildings of this class are required to have several fire barriers and independent paths evacuation (by law). Designation – F1.
So, immediate examples.

F1.1. Institutions for children preschool age, non-apartment houses for the elderly, non-apartment houses for people with disabilities, boarding schools buildings intended for sleeping, as well as dormitory buildings of children's institutions.
F1.2. Hotel complexes, motels, boarding houses, student or work dormitories, dormitories of sanatoriums and holiday homes, campsites.
F1.3. Multi-apartment residential buildings.
F1.4. Single-family residential buildings, semi-detached residential buildings.

Second

Refers to cultural and leisure places of recreation, entertainment institutions, in which there is always a large crowd of people.

F2.1. Theater halls and cinemas, concert halls, special buildings with stands for watching sporting events, libraries, as well as other establishments with a designated number of possible visitors.
F2.2. Exhibition halls, museums, dance halls and dance floors located in indoor areas.
F2.3. Institutions that are in category F2.1., located in open space.
F2.4. Institutions that are in category F2.2., located in open space.

Third

It includes that part of enterprises that is engaged in the service sector. Despite the considerable number of personnel, buildings of this category are characterized by a predominant number of visitors (rather than employees). This category is labeled F3. It includes a number of institutions.

F3.1. Outlets ( shopping centers, department stores, shops, hyper- and supermarkets, etc.).
F3.2. Public catering points.
F3.3. Railway, bus, sea, river stations, as well as airports.
F3.4. Multidisciplinary medical institutions providing services to patients in the institution and at home.
F3.5. Enterprises providing household and utility services (post office, savings bank, notary office, office of a company providing legal services, transport agencies, beauty salons, hairdressers, ateliers, institutions providing dry cleaning services, etc.). Religious institutions (churches, temples, mosques, etc.), as well as ritual institutions that are not designed for a certain number of visitors.
F3.6. Sports and recreational complexes, training facilities that do not have viewing areas for spectators, baths and saunas, sanitary facilities, which include showers, dressing rooms, washrooms and restrooms, sanitary rooms, smoking rooms, etc.

Fourth

It has the designation F4 and includes educational institutions, research / design organizations.

F4.1. Primary, middle and high schools, out-of-school educational institutions, colleges, vocational schools.
F4.2. Institutes and universities, institutions for advanced training and further recertification.
F4.3. Banking organizations, offices, business centers, publishing houses, editorial organizations, information bureaus, design institutions, management bodies.
F4.4. Fire protection facilities (fire stations).

Fifth

The latter, class F5, includes buildings for economic and industrial purposes, warehouse buildings, buildings, and so on.

F5.1. Buildings aimed at production activities, laboratories and various workshops.
F5.2. Premises aimed at providing warehouse services, unrepaired car parks without specialized maintenance, book storage facilities, institutions storing and recording archival papers. Agricultural buildings.

The legislative framework

All classes of premises are determined by 123 - F3, dated July 22, 2008, “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” and 117 - F3, dated July 10, 2012, “Introducing Amendments to the Federal Law.” Guided by these two fundamental documents, the classes and subclasses of the building are determined.

For example, the functional fire hazard class of a boiler room is F5.1, since this is an industrial premises, but by checking existing equipment, the category of the premises is checked empirically, and are assigned depending on the results obtained A - the most dangerous or D - the least dangerous.

It is worth remembering that laboratories and workshops located in buildings of categories F1–F4 belong to F5.

It can be difficult to determine which category a particular building belongs to, for example, a garage, but usually for a garage it is F5.2

In conclusion, we will re-emphasize the importance of correctly determining the functional purpose of a particular enterprise, putting forward new arguments.

It is on the basis of the class that fire requirements are formed, which often determine the number of entrances and exits from the building.

In addition, based on these data, the possible presence of a fire alarm, the finishing of evacuation routes and many other factors affecting the safety of stay in a particular building are established.

Unfortunately, many people treat such rules negligently. Meanwhile, violation of fire rules, even involuntary, can lead to irreversible consequences. This is why it is important to correctly determine the functional fire hazard class of each building and follow the relevant regulations. Fire prevention is also important in everyday life.

I didn’t know that buildings are divided into classes according to fire functionality, and that each has its own requirements. In general, a fire in a room, any room, is a very dangerous thing... I wouldn’t want to meet it face to face. I would really like fire safety rules to be followed and not violated. And inspections should be carried out as often as possible by the relevant authorities.

Fire hazard of substances, various kinds materials - a set of properties that characterize their ability to ignite quickly and further spread the combustion process, which can result in a fire or even an explosion.

Classification of buildings based on functional fire hazard

Within the framework of this aspect, it is necessary to interpret some important concepts. Buildings (their parts, fire compartments, structures) are premises (groups of premises) that are functionally interconnected according to such a criterion as functional fire hazard.

Depending on the methods of their operation and on the degree of threat of people being inside them in a fire situation (taking into account their age, the likelihood of being in a state of sleep, physical condition, etc.), it is customary to distinguish the following classes:

F1 - class of functional fire hazard of a building intended for temporary stay, residence of people (preschool institutions, hotels, single- and multi-apartment hostels, specialized homes for the disabled and elderly, hospitals, etc.).
F2 - class, which includes premises of entertainment, various kinds of cultural and educational institutions (cinemas, circuses, libraries, theaters, dance and concert halls, sports facilities with stands, museums, etc.).
F3 - class of functional fire hazard of buildings of enterprises whose activities are related to serving the population (trade establishments, catering organizations, clinics, banks, train stations, post offices, etc.).
F4 - class, which includes buildings of educational, research institutions, editorial and publishing, information and design organizations, fire stations, buildings of government agencies.
F5 - class of functional fire hazard of premises, such as book depositories, warehouse (industrial) premises (this also includes similar buildings from the above classes, as well as laboratories).

Why is this classification needed and where is it indicated?

The fire hazard class of the premises is indicated in a special project documentation to the corresponding object. This classification is used to establish requirements for constructive and space-planning solutions regarding buildings, as well as as a regulation of these requirements (in relation to the evacuation of people during a fire).

Categories of explosion and fire hazards of buildings and premises

The concept of “categorization,” from the point of view of the aspect under consideration, is interpreted as the correlation of structures (buildings) according to fire and explosion hazards to certain categories. It is mandatory and the following objects are subject to it:

All industrial buildings (structures, structures), workshops, laboratory and production premises (functional fire hazard class F5.1).
Any outdoor installations as a complex technical equipment and devices that are located outside buildings (structures).
Warehouse buildings (buildings, structures), as well as parking lots (excluding repairs and Maintenance), book depositories, warehouses and archives (functional fire hazard class F5.2).

Categorization is carried out exclusively for warehouse, production premises. The determination of premises for fire hazard occurs at the design stage on the basis of fire safety standards or departmental documents developed on their basis.

Based on fire and explosion hazards, all rooms are divided into five B, B1-B4, D, D.

Categories of explosion and fire hazards of premises are determined specifically for the most adversely affecting fuel (relative to fire and explosion in apparatus, premises), its quantity, nuances of the technological process, and fire hazardous properties.

Categorization of warehouse and industrial premises according to fire and explosion hazards

	Main characteristics of materials and substances present in the room
1. A (explosive)	flammable liquids (flash point above 28 °C), which in quantities sufficient to form explosive liquid-gas mixtures, and which, when ignited, develop overpressure explosion ˃ 5 kPa Substances and materials that are capable of exploding or burning in the process of interaction with oxygen, water or with each other (if the value of the calculated excess pressure of the explosion is ˃ 5 kPa)
2. B (explosive)	Combustible fibers or dust, flammable liquids (flash point above 28 ° C) in quantities that form explosive dust or steam-air mixtures, during the ignition of which an excess explosion pressure of ˃ 5 kPa appears
3. B (fire hazardous)	Liquids (flammable, low-flammable), substances (solid, flammable, low-flammable), including fibers and dust, as well as materials and substances that, when interacting with oxygen, water or with each other, can only burn (if the room in which they are located is do not fall into the above categories)
	Non-combustible materials, various types of substances (in a red-hot, hot or molten state), which during processing emit heat, flames, sparks, flammable liquids and gases, solids intended for disposal as fuel.
	Non-combustible materials, various substances in a cold state.

The determination of the fire hazard category of premises is carried out on the basis of the following non-compulsory instructions:

1. The object belongs to the first category (A) provided that the total area of its building exceeds the total area of all premises inside it (200 m2) by 5%. It is allowed not to classify a building as category A (explosive), if its total area does not exceed the established value (25%), calculated from the total area of all premises located in it (no more than 1000 m2) provided they are equipped with special installations automatic fire extinguishing.

2. A building falls under category B, which, firstly, cannot be classified as category A. And secondly, its value of the total area of its premises (A, B) exceeds the value of 5%, calculated from the total area of the entire complex of premises located inside it (or 200 m2). It is permissible not to classify a building into this category, provided that the total area of its premises (A, B) does not exceed 25%, calculated from the total area of all premises located inside it (no more than 1000 m2), if they are equipped with installations special automatic fire extinguishing system.

3. The conditions for classifying a building as category B are:

the value of the total area of premises (A-B) exceeds 5% (or 10% in the absence of premises of other categories) of the total area of premises located inside a given building.

It is permissible not to classify a building into this category if the total area of its premises (A-B) does not exceed 25% of the total area of all premises located inside it (no more than 3500 m2), provided they are equipped with special automatic fire extinguishing installations.

4. The conditions for classifying a building as category G are:

it does not fall into any of the above categories;
the value of the total area of premises (A-G) exceeds 5% (or 10% in the absence of premises of other categories) of the total area of premises located inside a given building.

It is permissible not to classify a building into this category if the total area of its premises (A-D) does not exceed 25% of the total area of all premises located inside it (no more than 5000 m2), provided that premises of category A- are equipped with special automatic fire extinguishing installations. IN.

Determining the fire hazard category of buildings serves as a guideline in establishing the likelihood of individual fires (the level of fire resistance of buildings) and continuous fires (building density).

How to calculate the category in question?

To calculate the fire hazard category, you will first need to collect data on the relevant room (its plan is required). Next, take measurements of the walls and ceiling heights of areas that are most dangerous during a fire (this is done directly by fire safety specialists). Then determine temperature regime the object being assessed, as well as the material from which the floor covering is made. It is important to establish the presence of special fire extinguishing systems and ventilation outlets.

Calculation of fire hazard category - calculations that make it possible to determine the occurrence of an explosion (fire) based on an analysis of stored, used and processed substances, as well as the technological process and equipment. It is regulated by Russian legislation in the field of fire safety.

The calculation of the fire hazard category of premises is carried out in order to formulate the appropriate requirements regarding the area under consideration, which are aimed at reducing the likelihood of a fire, as well as adequately ensuring professional fire protection for people (valuable property) in the event of its occurrence.

Classification of structures based on structural fire hazard

The existing class of structural fire hazard of a structure (building) is established by the degree of participation of the corresponding building structures in the process of fire development and the formation of fire hazardous factors.

There are 4 classes within the aspect under consideration: C0, C1, C2, C3. It is important to note that the structural fire hazard class of a structure is directly dependent on the fire hazard classes of the main load-bearing, enclosing structures (building): crossbars, walls, ceilings, staircase walls, columns, fire barriers, trusses, partitions, coverings, platforms and flights stairs The fire hazard in relation to the filling of openings in a building is not standardized (with the exception of openings for fire barriers).

Class C0 is the best in terms of fire safety. Here, all structures are made exclusively from non-combustible materials (they do not burn, do not produce thermal effect, are not damaged and do not emit toxic smoke).

Class C1 - use in buildings of structures made using low-combustible materials.

Class C3 - most structures (except for barriers, structural staircase elements and partitions) for which fire safety requirements are not imposed.

Fire hazard classification of structures

Building structures in this aspect are divided into classes:

K0 - fire hazard class of structures, which includes non-fire hazardous structures;
K1 - class of low fire hazard structures;
K2 - class of moderately fire hazardous structures:
K3 - class of fire hazardous structures.

The numerical values of the criteria by which building structures are assigned to the corresponding class are determined based on the methods established regulatory documents regarding fire safety.

The definition of the fire hazard class of structures is prescribed in Appendix 6 of the Federal Law (No. 123 of July 22, 2008).

Requirements for the location of premises of different functional fire hazard classes within the same building

They look like this:

1. Premises with a functional fire hazard class F2-F4 are allowed to be located within one fire compartment (including technical rooms and storage rooms).

2. A prerequisite is the presence of at least three fire hydrants.

3. It is permissible to design evacuation staircases (general purpose) for premises within one facility (the functional fire hazard of the premises is different), if only they are equipped with smoke-free fire doors second type with filling doorways. In this case, there must be an appropriate calculation of the validity of these buildings, taking into account the dynamics of hazardous factors preceding a fire; the required conditions for evacuation of people must be ensured.

4. Cinema complexes, the total capacity of which is more than 300 seats, must be allocated to separate fire compartments and provided with separate emergency exits or staircases(at least two pieces).

5. Buildings must be equipped with the following elements:

professional automatic fire extinguishing installations, as well as fire alarms of a special addressable type;
special smoke protection systems;
collective and individual rescue equipment;
fire warning system, starting from the fourth type;
external and internal fire-fighting water supply;
power supply for special fire protection systems, starting from the first reliability category.

6. The delimitation of premises of different classes of functional fire hazard within one building is carried out using fire partitions of the second and first types. Also, the distinction between the corresponding fire compartments is made using fire walls and ceilings of the first type.

7. In the process of designing multifunctional buildings, calculations must be made that will justify the correctness of previously adopted space-planning decisions.

Ensuring proper fire safety

All structures (buildings) are objects that have a certain degree of fire hazard, most of which contain various types of flammable substances. Their quantity may be sufficient to cause significant damage. Also, there is most often an oxidizing agent in the form of oxygen and an ignition source (conditions for a fire).

The main problem of fire safety of a structure is to bring its fire hazard to a proper state, in which the likelihood of a fire is excluded, and in a situation with a fire, the protection of people (valuable property) is professionally ensured.

Ensuring proper fire safety is achieved through the following:

fire prevention systems;
organizational and technical complex of measures;
special fire protection systems.

Due to this general condition With regard to ensuring proper fire safety of a structure, it is as follows: it will be achieved subject to the compliance of the actual amount of measures aimed at ensuring proper fire safety with the amount of measures regulated and approved by the relevant rules and regulations.

What does incorrect classification of a building lead to?

It is generally accepted that competent and correct determination of the functional fire hazard class is the key to security. A set of rules regarding fire safety are mandatory measures that must be strictly observed. However, these rules are established through certain characteristics, one of which is the assignment of a functional fire hazard class to a structure (building).

In order to prevent a fire, it is important to correctly classify the relevant building (building, structure, fire compartment). It is the final decision that will be taken into account in the process of drawing up the above rules for various organizations.

If it is installed incorrectly, then the current rules will be grossly violated, and as a result, the likelihood of a fire will increase significantly. This identification in relation to the functional purpose is carried out according to three main characteristics, the most important of which is the classification based on the functional fire hazard of structures (buildings).

It is worth recalling once again that, in accordance with technical regulations on fire safety requirements, such a concept as a functional fire hazard class is a special classification characteristic of premises (buildings), which is established based on the purpose and characteristics of the operation of these objects (including the characteristics of their technological processes).

Class F1 - Premises for permanent residence and temporary (including 24-hour) stay of people

Class F2 - Entertainment and cultural and educational institutions

Federal Law class - Public service enterprises

Class F4 - Educational institutions, scientific and design organizations, management institutions

Class F5 - Industrial and warehouse buildings, structures and premises

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Structural fire hazard class

Functional fire hazard class

Classification

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

The legislative framework

Classification of buildings based on functional fire hazard

Why is this classification needed and where is it indicated?

Categories of explosion and fire hazards of buildings and premises

Categorization of warehouse and industrial premises according to fire and explosion hazards

How to calculate the category in question?

Classification of structures based on structural fire hazard

Fire hazard classification of structures

Requirements for the location of premises of different functional fire hazard classes within the same building

Ensuring proper fire safety

What does incorrect classification of a building lead to?