What was the problem? By this time, addressable systems were being produced with all their might, but their capabilities did not coincide with the capabilities of other addressable systems, say, analog addressable ones.
Many people don’t know this, while others have already forgotten.
Then I'll remind you.
For example, there was such a system “Raduga-2A”. In principle, at that time it was a good system. Two radial loops, or one ring loop, each of which could have up to 64 addresses. At first glance, not much. But attention. The address in it was understood not as one IP, but at least 10. Moreover, if instead of an IP an addressable signal block with its own 8 mA loop was used as an addressable device, then it was also possible to have several such blocks at one address. Those. 64 addresses easily turned into 1000 or more individual entrepreneurs.
How it worked in a nutshell. There is a cyclic poll from 1 to 64 addresses. If some “addressable” device or IP wanted to transmit a signal about a fire, then at the time of interrogation it sequentially connected a resistor to the AL line, i.e., it lowered the current in the AL. And this was enough for the PPKP to decide at which address the fire occurred.
It turned out to be something between non-addressable threshold safety control panels, when it is not clear which IP in this alarm system was triggered, and an addressable analogue system, in which it is neither the address nor the IP.
In addition to Rainbow 2A, there were other somewhat similar systems (I remember, but I won’t say, they’ll be offended).
At that moment, three names already appeared, three types of PPKP - non-addressable, interrogative (but with a one-way exchange protocol) and addressable-analogue.
By the way, at that time these “Rainbow 2A” were quite popular. Some types of PPU were then connected to them (AUPT, SOUE. PDV) and, after making small changes for this purpose, they called it “Rainbow-4A”. They flew off like pies. But whether it was a refusal or removal from the IP database, no notifications about the malfunction were sent to the control panel. Only a break or short circuit in the address communication line. So this was not required from these systems then.
Subsequently, in 2003, in his article by I.G. Neplohov, “The fire signal will come exactly to the address”, using the link already given here https://www.tinko.ru/files/library/1..., he divided the address systems into three categories: non-survey, survey and analog. That is, “Raduga-2a” suddenly became non-survey, and those address systems in which individual entrepreneurs made decisions about a fire themselves, without the participation of the control panel, were included in the survey category.
And soon there was a discussion of both the new GOST R 53325-2009 and SP5.13130.2009.
The first most important and extremely pressing issue was the provision of indulgence on issue 1-2-3-4 for addressable analog IPs. Flight. V.L. Zdor was against everyone.
The second most important question was precisely the question regarding addressable devices, that they must necessarily have two-way data exchange. Here, except for Unitett, everyone was unanimous. And this despite the fact that I was then working at A-S and, one might say, burying these beloved Rainbows with my own hands.
But everything has its time. There was already Rainbow-3 and on the way based on IP Auror, PPKP Synchro (Kentec) and the Vega protocol new system Rainbow-240.
GOST R 53325-2009
3.5 addressable fire detector: PI having an individual address identified by an addressable control panel.
3.6 analogue fire detector: Automatic PI, providing transmission to the receiving control device information about the current value of the controlled fire factor.
3.23 threshold fire detector: Automatic PI that issues an alarm when the controlled parameter reaches or exceeds the set threshold.
7.1.2 Based on the type of information transmitted about the fire hazard situation in the protected premises between the control panel and other technical fire alarm systems, the control panel is divided into
for devices:
- analog;
- discrete; (there was no term threshold yet)
- combined.
7.2.1.2 Targeted control panels must additionally provide the following functions:
a) transition to the “Fire” mode when in the protected room (at the location where the addressable PI is installed) the controlled fire factor exceeds the established or programmed quantitative value of the response threshold, the control panel receives the “Fire” signal from the PI, as well as when the manual addressable PI is turned on for a period of time more than 10 s;
c) two-way exchange of data via an address communication line with other fire alarm technical equipment, providing confirmation of the correct exchange of information; (all this will soon disappear)
d) automatic remote testing of the performance of addressable PIs with visual display of the addresses of failed PIs. The time interval from the moment of failure of the address PI to the moment information appears on the address control panel about this event should be no more than 20 minutes; (pay attention to this figure!!)
g) visual display of the numbers of address PIs from which the “Fire” signal was received, containing information about the time/order of receipt of signals;
And here too, but in a few years. GOST R 53325-2012
7.1.2 By type of exchange of information about the fire hazard situation in protected premises between devices and IP, as well as other technical means fire automatics, devices are divided into:
- analog:
- threshold; (and previously they were discrete)
- combined.
Note - The analogue type of information presentation means the reception and transmission of data about the current value of the monitored parameter in the form of an analog or digitized signal. (this is a new additive, it didn’t exist before, otherwise some people have no way to prove anything).
A new section 7.5 “Destination requirements for addressable devices” has appeared, but there is no mention of two-way data exchange. Why. There are only five years between the 2009 edition and the entry into force in 2014 of the 2012 edition. Having received a certificate before the 2009 edition came into force, it was easy to survive until the subsequent edition without changing anything in some PPCP. And I even know who lobbied for it.
Thank God that many people no longer know, and others have simply completely forgotten what primitive survey systems are. And we should all just be happy about this. In just over ten years, we have completely moved away from those compromise systems.
It is clear that in any address system, even if there is a two-way exchange, you can send any commands back and forth and receive any information. The volume and necessity of certain commands and data, i.e., the exchange protocol, is determined for the most part not by the manufacturer of the control panel, but by the manufacturer of addressable devices, including IP. Which systems are addressable-analog in their pure form, or addressable-analog with the ability to make decisions, incl. directly to the individual entrepreneur, it will be possible to understand more prospects in 10-20 years.
But we satisfied the curiosity of our respected Tregar.
Currently, addressable analogue fire alarm systems are considered the most technically advanced. Often, some unscrupulous consultants use the term “analog” to refer to addressless discrete systems with threshold operation.
This is not correct, because in modern systems In the fire alarm system, the analog signal continuously displays the value of the measured parameter.
Addressable fire alarm systems use detectors similar in type of operation to addressless systems. However, addressable peripheral devices have an additional node that converts the signals transmitted by the control panel into a digital code containing information about a specific detector:
- place of its installation;
- condition, etc.
At the same time, information is received by the control panel not after the fire detector is triggered, but as a result of a survey carried out by the control panel at a certain frequency. This method allows not only high accuracy localize the location of the fire, but also reduce the reaction time to the occurrence of a fire.
The addressable analogue fire alarm system has a principle of operation that is completely different from threshold-type systems. The fire detector in this system performs the function of measuring the controlled parameter and transmitting the received information to the monitoring and control panel.
After this, the received information is analyzed, the device keeps statistics and monitors changes in parameters. Based on the final data, a decision is made to activate the appropriate action algorithm, depending on the state of the system.
Class of the object where the addressable analogue fire alarm system should be installed, as well as the main response parameters:
- response time;
- frequency of surveying detectors;
- speed of activation of the automatic fire extinguishing system, etc.
regulated by GOST R 53325 - 2009.
ADDRESSED ANALOG DETECTOR
Addressable analogue detectors are much more complex and expensive devices than conventional threshold detectors for non-addressable fire alarms. In addition to the sensitive sensor, they contain a buffer RAM, where information is accumulated in the event of absence or critical deterioration of communication with the control panel.
After the information is transferred to the receiving and control device, the RAM is cleared. In addition, to compensate for the drift of indicators, statistics collected by the detector are used, which are processed by the control panel.
Drift of indicators is periodic changes in scanned parameters caused by the influence of the external environment. For example, daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity.
The operating principle of an addressable analogue detector, regardless of the type of parameter being monitored, is as follows.
- A sensitive sensor measures the value of the controlled parameter, generates pulses in electrical form and transmits them to an analog-to-digital converter, which is located in the fire detector controller.
- The ADC converts the electrical pulse into a digital signal.
- Digitized data is transferred to RAM. The frequency of measurements is controlled by a quartz oscillator. Transfer of accumulated information from RAM is carried out at the request of the control panel.
The non-volatile memory of the fire detector stores its type programmed at the installation stage (heat, smoke, flame) and address (unique digital code).
Most addressable analogue detectors implement quite a wide range of functionality:
- self-diagnosis of the electronic unit;
- transmission of data of the current value of the measured parameter;
- interactive remote device control, etc.
The information signal and power distribution unit separates the electrical impulses arriving via the addressable analog loop, the modulated signals of transmitted information and the power supply with a constant voltage without ripple.
Modern addressable analogue detectors are implemented on a single microcontroller without the use of additional components other than a sensitive sensor.
ADDRESSED ANALOG DEVICES
The addressable analogue control panel is equipped with a device through which joint reception/transmission of information and power supply to fire detectors is carried out. The power transmitted through the loop is modulated by information signals and divided on a remote device by a similar node.
Information about the value of the parameter controlled by the detector is analyzed by several microprograms depending on the underlying action algorithm. As a rule, this is done:
- comparison of threshold values;
- the rate of change of the parameter is controlled;
- A graph of changes over a certain period is built in RAM and compared with a template graph.
Most premium addressable analogue systems provide long-term control of parameters. Memorable intermediate level values over a long period of time in order to compensate for the deviation of the boundary reference point as a result of changes in environmental conditions.
Modern addressable analogue systems support dozens of sections with parallel polling of fire detectors with a high degree of frequency. With a loop carrier frequency of 200 - 400 Hz, the operation of sequential polling of detectors takes 15 - 20 seconds.
ADDRESSED FIRE ALARM LINE
Addressable alarm systems can have both radial and ring loops. The latter are typical for addressable analog systems. The ring topology allows you to filter out unnecessary information and distinguish a case of fire from a break or other fault in the loop. The permissible cable length for this installation is up to 2000 m.
When choosing a cable for a loop, you need to pay attention to the following indicators:
Wire section.
An insufficient value of this parameter will lead to distortion of detector readings, reducing the accuracy and reliability of the entire system. In some cases, this may lead to failure of some detectors during periods of peak load on the loop. Regulatory documents The diameter of the fire line wire must be at least 0.5 mm.
Cable protection degree- the wire must have a non-flammable sheath and the required level of thermal insulation.
The main parameters of the cable must be indicated on its outer surface (insulation). These include:
- presence of shielding (foil, metal braid);
- flammability index and smoke coefficient;
- fire resistance limit.
Requirements for laying cables are determined by the relevant regulations, in particular - SP 6.13130.2009.
ADVANTAGES OF ADDRESSED ANALOG SIGNALING
Despite the fact that addressable - analog fire alarm is one of the most expensive, its use is justified due to numerous technical and operational advantages.
1. If in various rooms objects equipped with alarms temperature regime has significant differences, there is no need to purchase several models of heat detectors with different fixed response thresholds or maximum differential detection methods.
2. All settings of limit values are carried out in the receiving and control device. In addition, in case of any changes, reconfiguration fire protection system will not require the purchase of new equipment.
3. Addressable analogue fire detectors do not require frequent preventative cleaning. They can operate in extremely dusty conditions, automatically and programmatically compensating for a decrease in sensor sensitivity.
4. There is no need to purchase combined multi-sensor fire detectors for fire alarm systems with high requirements for resistance to external influences not related to fire. The PKP will carry out a multi-component analysis of incoming information using accumulated statistics.
5. The speed of identifying the source of fire is several times higher than that of conventional threshold systems, due to the parallel use of several information processing algorithms, as well as the absence of pauses in polling sensors and monitoring room parameters.
Due to the fact that analog-addressable control panel microcontrollers are multitasking, the launch speed of fire automatic systems increases significantly:
- fire extinguishing;
- warnings and evacuation;
- smoke removal.
* * *
© 2014-2020 All rights reserved.
The materials on the site are for informational purposes only and cannot be used as guidelines or regulatory documents.
Fire alarm systems are usually divided into non-addressable, addressable and addressable-analogue. Unfortunately, even in the latest GOST R 53325–20121, which comes into force in 2014, the term “analog addressable” is absent, despite the fact that analog addressable systems provide the highest level of fire protection and are required, for example, for installation in multifunctional high-rise buildings and complex buildings in Moscow. According to MGSN 4.19–20052, “high-rise buildings must be equipped automatic system fire alarm system (AFS) based on addressable and addressable-analogue technical means", "it is allowed to use ring line connections with branches to each room (apartment), with automatic protection against short circuit in the branch" and "APS elements must provide automatic self-testing of operability." In addition, "actuators and smoke protection devices must provide the required level of operational reliability, determined by the probability of failure-free operation of at least 0.999." Difficulties in evacuating a large number of people from high-rise buildings, commercial - entertainment centers and other large objects, along with the rapid spread of gaseous combustion products and the complexity of extinguishing a fire, require the earliest possible detection of a fire in the absence of false alarms. It is addressable analogue systems that most fully meet these requirements.
Non-addressable systems
The main disadvantages of non-addressable systems are the instability of detector sensitivity, lack of performance monitoring and high level false alarms.
The futile fight against fakes and refusals
Practice has shown that primitive methods for eliminating these shortcomings, introduced 10 years ago, increasing the number of fire detectors to back up faulty ones and confirming the “Fire” signal with several detectors with status re-queries to eliminate false alarms, are not a solution to the problem. There was a case when half of the loops with re-request and with the formation of a fire by two detectors switched to the “Fire” mode in a new, just installed non-addressed fire alarm in just two days. Fire detectors of the same type in the same loop are subject to approximately the same interference effects and false alarms at the same time. Over time, assembled on the same element base and released on the same technological line detectors show a correlation between failures and a significant decrease in sensitivity. The process of loss of sensitivity occurs with all detectors simultaneously, and their redundancy is completely ineffective.
There may be other factors that affect the performance of all detectors at the same time, for example, contact failure due to oxidation of the terminals electronic elements with poor-quality soldering, corrosion of contacts in sockets occurs, a decrease in the capacity of electrolytic capacitors, etc. To this must be added the lack of sensitivity control during operation, as well as the lack of data on the factory setting of the sensitivity of fire detectors and the limits of its adjustment by installers to protect against false alarms.
Misconceptions about smoke detectors
It is a common misconception that a smoke detector, by definition, provides early detection fire, no matter what sensitivity it has and no matter how far from the source it is located. Installers uncontrollably coarse sensitivity by using a potentiometer in the detector to reduce false alarms, which is completely unacceptable. Recently there has been a tendency to post on standard distances detectors initially included in single-threshold loops with the activation of the "Fire" signal one detector at a time using the "OR" logic, switch to the "AND" logic. In this case, each detector protects only its standard area, and adequate detection of a source by two detectors simultaneously is ensured only at the border of the zones between them. Accordingly, even with an acceptable level of sensitivity, the probability of detecting a small fire with the formation of a “Fire” signal is practically zero.
In addition, domestic smoke detectors do not pass tests on test fires: TP-2 “Smoldering wood”, TP-3 “Smoldering cotton with glow”, TP-4 “Combustion of polyurethane foam” and TP-5 “Combustion of n-heptane”, although they are given in GOST R 53325. And currently smoke detectors with high aerodynamic drag smoke exhaust with very problematic detection of smoldering fires with low air flow velocities.
Disadvantages of threshold detectors
The main disadvantage of threshold fire detectors is the lack of accuracy in determining a fire hazardous situation; in other words, it is not known when it is activated. False alarms are possible or they may only trigger when there is significant smoke, not to mention uncontrolled failure.
The sensitivity of threshold detectors can vary significantly, and at what concentration of smoke they are activated is impossible to predict. During certification tests in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53325 "Optical-electronic fire smoke detectors", it is allowed to change the sensitivity of the fire threshold smoke detector within large limits:
- the sensitivity of the same detector with 6 measurements is 1.6 times;
- when changing orientation to the direction of air flow - 1.6 times;
- when the air flow speed changes – by 0.625–1.6 times;
- from instance to instance – within 0.75–1.5 of the average value (2 times);
- when exposed to external illumination – 1.6 times;
- when the supply voltage changes - 1.6 times;
- when exposed to elevated temperature – 1.6 times;
- when exposed to low temperatures – 1.6 times;
- after exposure high humidity– 1.6 times, etc.
Changing sensitivity
Although in each test the sensitivity smoke detectors should remain within the range of 0.05–0.2 dB/m; with the simultaneous influence of several factors, the change in the sensitivity of the detector can be more than four times. In addition, during operation, a significant change in the sensitivity of the detector occurs due to the accumulation of dust or dirt on the walls of the smoke chamber and on the optical elements, due to aging of electronic components, etc.
The technical characteristics of almost all Russian smoke fire detectors do not indicate a specific sensitivity value, but only the permissible sensitivity range from 0.05 to 0.2 dB/m, which does not allow even a rough estimate of their sensitivity. If such a threshold fire detector is circuit-technically converted into an addressable analog detector, then no advantages will be obtained. The low accuracy of optical density measurement will not allow you to adjust the sensitivity and set the pre-alarm threshold. The analog value of the controlled factor transmitted to the control device will vary greatly from external influences, which will not allow reliable control of either the state of the object or the state of the detector, that is, as in the threshold system, false alarms and skipping the initial stage of the fire will be possible . Moreover, if it is technically possible to adjust the sensitivity of the detector, then it must be tested at least at maximum and minimum sensitivity.
Addressable threshold systems
Addressable systems provide identification of a triggered detector, which significantly reduces the time it takes for personnel to check the signal. In addition, addressable detectors usually include an automatic performance monitoring function. However, other disadvantages of threshold detectors remain unchanged compared to non-addressable systems.
Analogue addressable systems
Unlike non-addressable and addressable in analogue addressable systems, fire detectors do not generate “Fire” signals, but are precise meters of controlled factors, the values of which are transmitted to the analogue addressable panel. It is precisely this understanding of analogue that is defined in GOST R 53325, clause 3.8: an analog fire detector is “an automatic IP that ensures the transmission of information about the current value of the controlled fire factor to the control panel.” In contrast to the analogue detector according to clause 3.19, a threshold fire detector is “an automatic PI that generates an alarm when the controlled fire factor reaches or exceeds the set threshold.”
Advantages of first solutions
The first analog addressable panels essentially worked in threshold mode with disabilities information processing. Detectors measuring the levels of several fire factors transmitted to the panel only one “collapsed” analog value, which, in fact, was compared in the panel with the pre-alarm thresholds and the “Fire” threshold. This often caused criticism from supporters of addressable threshold systems that moving the threshold from the detector to the panel does not provide any advantages, except for making the systems more complex and expensive. However, it should be noted that even then it was possible to adjust the sensitivity for each detector, which required an order of magnitude higher stability and accuracy of measurement of the controlled factor.
Another undoubted advantage of addressable analogue systems is the significantly more accurate constant monitoring of the status of addressable analogue fire detectors compared to addressable detectors, which themselves generate a “Fault” signal without control.
Unlimited possibilities of modern systems
Currently, the possibilities for processing information in an analogue addressable panel are practically unlimited. 32-bit processors are already in use, and the panel is essentially a powerful dedicated computing machine. Adaptation, interactive algorithms for each room, automatic training of the system, use of recognition theory while simultaneously analyzing various factors, etc. are possible. The addressable analogue system generates preliminary signals about a suspected fire situation long before the threshold sensor is triggered. If threshold systems analyze the level of a controlled factor after exceeding a threshold, for example, by counting the number of signals above the threshold, then in analog systems the situation is analyzed constantly in real time. There is no time spent rechecking the detector status, since the addressable analog panel analyzes changes in controlled factors and rechecking is carried out at almost every detector polling period, every 5 s.
For ease of maintenance, the value of controlled factors is displayed on the panel display in standard units and in discretes.
For example, in Fig. Figure 1 shows analog values for temperature 27 °C (085), optical density 5.5%/m (184) and concentration carbon monoxide CO 102 ppm (255) when the detector is exposed to products from the smoldering wick (Fig. 2).
The advantages of addressable analogue systems are obvious. It becomes possible to detect a fire hazardous situation and stop its development at an early stage using a pre-alarm signal, when evacuation of people is not yet required. Both direct material damage and losses associated with the evacuation of people, interruption of production process and actually with professional fire extinguishing. There are ample opportunities for adaptation to operating conditions and interference effects when using multi-sensor detectors in various modes with a choice of sensitivity and split modes with their automatic switching during working and non-working hours and days
Today, neither the standards nor the calculation of fire risk take into account the speed of fire detection, despite the fact that non-addressable, addressable and analog-addressable systems provide various levels of fire protection. This provision is a significant limitation in the use of more effective fire fighting equipment.
There are devices that are an integral part of the overall fire protection system and that play a big role in preserving the life and health of people, as well as property and other valuables. Such equipment includes fire detectors, the main task of which is to react in time to the start of a fire and warn people in the building about it, as well as transmit the relevant information to the control point.
The concept of “analog fire detectors” and the principle of operation
In order to fully define what this concept includes, it is necessary to understand what an “addressable analog system” is. This concept is sometimes difficult for designers, not to mention ordinary people, to understand. The analogue addressable fire safety system is a telemetric device that is highly reliable and quickly recognizes the presence of a fire and its source. All this happens by analyzing parameters that constantly change when a fire starts.
The operating principle of such a system is quite simple. Thanks to sensitive element the detector transmits readings related to the chemical or physical changes occurring at its installation location to the fire control panel. This device is able to process the information it has on its own, and if the indicators match the patterns stored in memory, it provides information about the start of a fire.
Structural elements of the system
In appearance, addressable analogue detectors have a housing round shape, for the manufacture of which heat-resistant plastic is used. The body itself consists of:
- grounds;
- working part.
The base of the device is attached to the ceiling with screws and dowels. The base has a terminal block to which the fire alarm loop lines are connected. The sensor is attached in such a way that it can be conveniently removed for maintenance (cleaned of dust) or in case it is unsuitable for use. further exploitation replace it with a working one.
Components of the working part of the detector
There are only two such parts:
- microcontroller with volatile memory;
- optical system (smoke chamber).
LEDs and photodiodes are the constituent elements of the optical system. They are located in the inside of the chamber at a slight angle. A semiconductor type photodetector is an analog device. Its resistance indicator is influenced by the level of illumination. Addressable analogue fire detectors send an optical indicator of air density to the control panels online. The photodiode element is so sensitive that even the slightest smoke will be detected.
Detector housing
This component has a horizontal chimney with certain design features:
- air flow does not flow around its lower protruding part;
- thanks to vertical posts fastening there is no possibility of horizontal flow around the body;
- The main task of the housing elements is to direct the air flow into the chamber.
This design allows air to constantly enter the smoke chamber, even if the movement of air masses is minimal. So that electromagnetic vibrations do not interfere proper operation devices, the camera is equipped with a screen.
Detector controller
This component is necessary in order to respond to the smallest changes in the light flux. It is so sensitive that it can instantly detect minute particles of smoke in the atmosphere. To avoid false alarms, addressable analogue sensors work interactively with the control panel. This helps to determine the start of a fire with almost 100% probability and notify about it through an alarm signal.
Operating principle of an analog siren
Regardless of what controlled parameters the device has, it operates according to the following principle:
- a sensitive sensor device constantly determines the value of the monitored indicator, generates electrical impulses, which are subsequently transmitted to an analog-to-digital converter, which is integral part controller in a fire detector;
- through the ADC, the electrical pulse is converted into a digital signal;
- digitized parameters are sent to RAM. A quartz generator monitors how often measurements are taken. Afterwards, all the information accumulated over a certain period from the RAM is transferred to the control panel. Then the RAM is cleared. This procedure is carried out if there is a request from the control panel.
From the very beginning of installation of the fire detector, the volatile memory is programmed for a specific type (flame, smoke, temperature increase) or address (represents a digital code of a unique type). The functional characteristics of all addressable analogue detectors are quite diverse and include:
- the ability to independently diagnose an electronic unit;
- transmitting abilities of the current values of the parameters that are usually measured;
- the ability to control the device interactively and remotely.
Modern models of addressable analogue detectors are sold without any additional structural elements, but with only one microcontroller. The device must have a sensitive sensor.
Types of analogue detectors
Addressable analogue smoke detectors by the way they recognize particles of soot, burning, soot in air masses, aerosols that appear as a result of fire various types fire load are divided into the following groups:
- linear and point smoke sensors of optical-electronic design. These are the most common types of detectors smoke type, which work on the basis of measuring the density (from an optical point of view) of air masses in a certain area, both small and large. If smoke is detected, even if it is insignificant, they come into working condition, generate and transmit an alarm signal when the density decreases to a set critical level;
- fire detectors of electroinduction or ionization-radioisotope type. They have significantly greater sensitivity compared to the previous version of detectors. They begin to react even with the most insignificant changes in the density of air masses at the facilities where they are installed. In terms of their sensitivity, they can only be compared with aspiration or gas fire alarms. But due to the fact that they have very complex design, radioisotope models can emit radioactive elements, their cost is quite high, and they are used much less frequently than optical-electronic sensors.
Advantages of analog fire detectors
It is worth noting that analog fire systems are quite expensive. But their use has many positive aspects, such as:
- if the protected object consists of several rooms in which there may be different temperature conditions, then there is no need to purchase models with various characteristics;
- all limit values are set in the control panel. If there is a need to change any device parameters, there is no need to purchase new equipment;
- Preventative cleaning of such devices does not occur often. They are able to function even in very dusty rooms;
- There is no need to spend money on expensive combined multi-sensor fire alarms for installation in rooms with a high degree of fire hazard, which may not be related to the fire process. The PKP has a real opportunity to conduct a multi-component analysis of accumulated information in a static change;
- instant recognition of the source of ignition due to the ability to comprehensively analyze the information received.
Since all analog-addressable microcontrollers are of the multitasking type, this has a direct impact on the response speed (it is quite fast) of automatic fire smoke removal, fire extinguishing, evacuation and warning systems.
Fire alarm operation is ensured by a variety of technical means. It is designed to detect the presence of a fire, notify about the occurrence of a fire, obtain information and control automatic installations fire extinguishing Fire alarms can be threshold, addressable-poll, or addressable-analog. The analogue addressable fire alarm system (AAFS) is one of the most reliable, effective and promising protective devices today.
AASPS is represented on the market by domestic and foreign manufacturers. Her device is considered unique because it combines the latest computer and electronic advances. As an integral complex, such a system is a rather complex mechanism. Addressable fire alarm systems are also used in practice.
What is an addressable fire alarm system?
Addressable fire alarm system (AFS) is used in various objects. As already mentioned, this system is inferior in technical parameters to AASPS, however, it is also quite common, as it has a very reasonable price. The addressable protection line includes many sensors that constantly transmit information to a single control panel. Thanks to centralized management, it is possible to continuously monitor the operation of the subsystem as a whole.
Moreover, in the event of a malfunction of any part of the mechanism, the entire protective line will continue to operate uninterruptedly.
Addressable fire alarm systems operate on a very simple principle. Installed sensors immediately respond to smoke or a sharp increase in temperature. Information from the sensors goes directly to the control panel. Person responsible for fire safety and having access to the central console, after receiving such information, is obliged to take the necessary fire extinguishing actions. Today, consumers still prefer a more flexible, reliable and multifunctional analog addressable system.
The picture shows a component of an addressable analogue fire alarm system
Component composition and functional features of analog addressable devices
The components of any system are:
- Fire detection devices (sensors and alarms);
- Control and receiving devices;
- Peripheral equipment;
- Centralized system control device (computer equipped with a specialized software or control panel).
Fire protection systems have the following set of functions:
- Identification of the source of fire;
- Transfer and processing of necessary information;
- Recording the received information in the protocol;
- Creation and management of alarm signals;
- Control of automatic fire extinguishing and smoke removal mechanisms.
Technical parameters of fire alarm systems
An addressable analogue fire warning system allows you to determine the exact location of the fire. AASPS characterize technical parameters, which determine the principle and quality of equipment operation:
- Addressable capacity of the system (the ability to install up to 10,000 sensors and up to 2,000 modules, which allows you to organize network work);
- Possibility of network operation (interaction of up to 500 devices to exchange information on the network);
- Information content of the device (the ability to organize up to 1500 addressable analog rings connected to one device);
- Availability of a string of equations (the ability to create up to 1000 string equations for relay control);
- Variety of loop structures (ring, radial, tree);
- Many types of modules and sensors in the system (20-30);
- Conciseness and information content of the system at the user level;
- Possibility of integration with similar systems;
- Availability of additional power sources (built-in batteries);
- Possibility of integrating AASPS with access control systems.
What are the advantages of analog addressable systems?
AASPS incorporates the latest computer, electronic and technological advances. Installing such a protection system has a number of advantages:
- There is no need to install various thermal notification devices indicating maximum temperature thresholds;
- The installed fire notification mechanisms have high performance in difficult conditions;
- The control panel is multifunctional and does not require installation additional mechanisms notices;
- Quick identification of the source of fire due to the use of several parallel algorithms for processing incoming information;
- Thanks to the multitasking of the control panel controller, quick start-up is carried out automatic mechanisms fire extinguishing;
- The presence of a reduced number of electronic elements;
- The equipment uses microcontrollers, which are highly reliable;
- Ease of design, firmware and commissioning of protective lines;
- The inflated price of the equipment quickly pays off during operation.
Addressable analogue subsystems are fully compatible with computer technologies and are equipped with access to the World Wide Web. In the event of a failure, information can be transmitted via the network to the central security console or the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Contents of the system and its maintenance depends only on the human factor. In connection with the masonry copper cables along the line and their specialized insulation, ensures high performance, even at a temperature of 100º. This means that if a fire occurs, the system will be able to operate and transmit data, as well as control the automatic fire extinguishing process.
The video shows more information about the addressable analogue alarm system:
Bolid safety systems
The presence of OPS Bolid at any facility allows you to receive, process and transmit information about a fire. This defensive line is represented by the most complex technical complex which allows timely detection of a fire. This device combines the following components:
- Communication lines;
- Engineering facilities;
- Security subsystems (with their help you can exercise access control, manage warning, fire extinguishing subsystems, etc.).
Bolide alarms can be analog, addressable-threshold, addressable-analog and combined. The functionality of such a protective line is ensured exclusively technical equipment. Fire detectors and warning devices can detect fires. Panic buttons and security sensors detect illegal access to the facility. Peripheral devices, along with receiving and control mechanisms, provide registration and processing of information.
Each device is designed to perform individual tasks.
OPS Bolid allows you to give commands to control automatic fire extinguishing installations, warning lines and other equipment. In addition to the main set of functions, the fire alarm system has additional ones, for example: management and control over engineering and communication subsystems. TO security and fire alarm system the following requirements apply:
- 24-hour surveillance of the protected perimeter;
- Identification of the exact location of illegal access to a protected facility;
- Providing simple and clear information about the presence of fire or illegal access;
- Identification of the source of fire in the shortest period of time;
- Indication of the exact location of the fire;
- Accurate operation of the entire complex and the absence of the possibility of false alarms;
- Monitoring the serviceability and continuous operation of sensors;
- Tracking attempts to deliberately disable the security system.
The car can be easily integrated and, as part of an integral complex, perform a number of tasks, including.
