Inspection of the technical condition of engineering equipment systems is carried out during a comprehensive survey technical condition buildings and structures.

The inspection of engineering equipment and its elements consists of determining the actual technical condition of systems, identifying defects, damage and malfunctions, quantifying physical and moral wear and tear, and identifying deviations from the design.

Technical condition assessment engineering systems buildings and structures are carried out taking into account the average standard service life of elements and engineering devices, determined.

Physical wear and tear of engineering equipment systems is determined in accordance with. Moreover, if during the process of reconstruction or operation some elements of the system were replaced with new ones, then the physical wear and tear is clarified by calculation and determined by the formula

where is the physical wear and tear of an element or system, %;

Physical wear of a section of an element or system, %, determined by ;

Dimensions (area or length) of the damaged area, miles m;

Dimensions of the entire structure, miles m;

Number of damaged areas.

The physical wear of the system is determined as the sum of the weighted average wear of the elements.

Obsolescence of engineering equipment systems is determined by the non-compliance of its operational qualities with modern regulatory requirements or the absence of any engineering equipment without the presence of a replacement for its functional purpose. Quantitative assessment of obsolescence is carried out by determining the cost of eliminating wear and tear as a percentage of the replacement cost of the building.

Indicators of obsolescence of residential buildings in the absence of certain types of engineering equipment, without the presence of a replacement for its functional purpose, are given in Appendix K.

Upon detailed examination heating systems, hot and cold water supply, assess the corrosion condition of pipelines and heating devices. The corrosion state is assessed by the depth of maximum corrosion damage to the metal wall and by the average value of the narrowing of the pipe cross-section by corrosion-scale deposits in comparison with a new pipe.

In this case, samples are taken from the system elements (risers, connections to heating devices, heating devices). Based on the samples, the maximum depth of corrosion damage and the value of the narrowing of the “live” section are determined. When selecting and transporting cutting samples, it is necessary to ensure complete safety of corrosion deposits in the pipes (samples). Passports are prepared for the cut samples, which, together with the samples, are sent for laboratory examination.

The number of risers from which samples are taken must be at least three. When examining a system with embedded risers, samples for analysis are taken at the points where they are connected to the mains in the basement.

The number of connections from which samples are taken must be at least three, going from risers in different sections and to different heating devices.

The permissible value of the maximum relative depth of corrosion damage to pipes should be taken equal to 50% of the wall thickness of the new pipe.

The permissible value of pipeline narrowing due to corrosion-scale deposits should be taken in accordance with hydraulic calculations for pipes that have been in service (absolute roughness value - 0.75 mm).

Under these conditions, the permissible narrowing will be:

For pipes with 15 mm - 20%;

For pipes with 20 mm - 15%;

For pipes with 25 mm - 12%;

For pipes with 32 mm - 10%;

For pipes with 40 mm - 8%;

For pipes with 50 mm - 6%.

An acceptable narrowing of the “live” cross-section of convectors, subject to an acceptable reduction in the heat transfer of the heating device, should be considered 10%.

The relative depth of corrosion damage to the pipe metal, %, is estimated using the formula

where is the wall thickness of a new pipe according to GOST 3262 of the same diameter and type (light, ordinary, reinforced);

The minimum remaining thickness of the pipe wall after operation in the system by a specific date.

The narrowing of the open cross-section of the pipe, %, by products of corrosion-scale deposits is estimated using the formula

where is the average internal diameter of the pipe with deposits;

The inner diameter of the new pipe, taken according to GOST 3262 in accordance with its outer diameter.

The permissible value of pipeline narrowing due to corrosion-scale deposits is accepted with a reduction in the “live” cross-section of the pipe by no more than 30%, as a result of which the minimum free pressure value for sanitary fixtures is ensured.

5.4.1 Inspection of the technical condition of hot water supply systems

5.4.1.1 When inspecting the technical condition of hot water supply systems, the following work is guided and carried out:

Describe the system (type of system, piping diagram);

Inspect circulation pumps, instrumentation, shut-off and control valves at the entrance to the building or structure;

Inspect pipelines (in the basement, rooms, attic) and identify defects (fistulas in metal, drip leaks in places of threaded connections of pipelines and taps shut-off valves, traces of repairs of pipelines and mains, failure to warm up heated towel rails, corrosion of pipelines and heated towel rails, violation of the thermal insulation of main pipelines and risers), inspect the condition of the fastenings and supports of pipelines;

Instrumental measurements are carried out:

1) water temperature in the supply line and in the return pipeline (at the heating point of the building);

2) the temperature of the water supplied to the water supply (at the outlet of stage II water heaters or at the entrance to the building);

3) temperature of the circulating water (at the lower bases of the circulation risers);

4) temperature of drained water from water taps (in control rooms and risers of rooms farthest from heating point);

5) surface temperature of heated towel rails (in control rooms and risers of rooms furthest from the heating point);

6) free pressure at water taps (in the rooms on the top floor, the risers furthest from the heating point);

7) slopes of laying main pipelines and connections (in the basement and representative rooms).

5.4.1.2 Based on the survey results, the degree of compliance is established.

5.4.2 Inspection of the technical condition of heating systems

5.4.2.1 When inspecting the technical condition of heating systems, the following work is guided and carried out:

Describe the system (type of system - centralized, local, one-pipe, two-pipe; wiring diagram of the supply and return lines, etc.);

Determine the types and brands of heating devices;

Inspect the most critical elements of the system (pumps, main shut-off valves, control and measuring equipment, automatic devices);

Inspect pipelines, heating devices, shut-off and control valves (in the basement, rooms, staircases, attic);

Establish deviations in the system from the design;

The following damage, malfunctions and defects are detected:

a) corrosion damage and fistulas of main pipelines, risers, connections, heating devices,

b) corrosion damage to embedded pipelines,

c) traces of repairs (clamps, patches, welding, replacement of individual sections, counter-slopes of distribution pipelines, drip leaks in places where shut-off and control valves are inserted, dismantling and breakdown of heating devices in staircases, in lobbies, failure of the heating system stairwells, vestibules, destruction or absence of thermal insulation in certain sections of pipelines;

The following instrumental measurements are carried out:

1) outside air temperature (in the building area),

2) water temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating network (at the heat input node or heat point before the mixing device or water heater or after the inlet valve),

3) water temperature in the return pipeline of the heating line (at the heat input node or heat point in front of the inlet valve),

4) water temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating system (at the heat input unit or heat point after the mixing device, if available, or after the water heater with an independent heating system),

5) water temperature in the return pipeline of the heating system (at the heat input unit or heat point),

6) surface temperatures of heating risers at the upper and lower bases (on all risers),

7) surface temperature of heating devices (in representative rooms),

8) surface temperatures of supply and return lines to heating devices (in representative rooms),

9) air temperature in heated rooms (in representative rooms),

10) slopes of distribution pipelines,

11) pressure in the system: in the supply and return pipelines of the heating network (at the heat input unit or heat point), in the supply and return pipelines of the heating system.

5.4.2.2 Based on the survey results, the degree of compliance is established.

5.4.3 Inspection of the technical condition of cold water supply systems

5.4.3.1 When inspecting the technical condition of cold water supply systems, the following work is guided and carried out:

Describe a system (dead-end, ring), including: entrance to the building, water metering unit, distribution network, risers, connections to sanitary fixtures; water-folding, mixing and shut-off and control valves;

Inspect water supply inputs into the building and identify damage (deterioration of socket and welded joints of cast iron and steel pipelines under the influence of bending forces due to uneven settlement);

Inspect the adjacent area (lawn) and blind areas in the input zone (presence of sediment, dips, uncompacted soil);

Inspect the water metering unit and instrumentation; check the caliber and mesh of the water meter (in case of disturbances in the flow of water to the water supply points of the premises on the upper floors);

Inspect pumping installations;

Inspect pipelines, shut-off valves and taps, water meters and identify damage in the basement and premises (leaks in pipelines in places where taps and shut-off valves are inserted, damage to pipelines, traces of pipeline repairs, corrosion damage to pipelines, breakdown of shut-off valves and flush tanks);

The following instrumental measurements are carried out in the system:

1) pressure in the supply pipeline (at the input unit),

2) free pressure at water taps (in the rooms on the top floor furthest from the inlet in the risers).

5.4.3.2 Based on the survey results, the degree of compliance is established.

5.4.4 Inspection of the technical condition of sewerage systems

5.4.4.1 When inspecting the technical condition of sewerage systems, the following work is guided and carried out:

Inspect pipelines and sanitary fixtures in the premises and basement and identify defects (damage to pipelines, breakdown of socket and butt joints, drip leaks at the connection points of sanitary fixtures, traces of repairs and replacement of individual sections of pipelines);

Check the compliance of the routing of pipelines laid in the basement with the design solution;

Instrumentally measure the slopes of horizontal sections of pipelines in the basement in accordance with , the slope of horizontal sections and outlets must be at least 0.02, and the slopes of outlet sections from risers must be at least 0.05;

Carry out calculations (in case of constant flooding of the basement wastewater) the diameter of the pipeline outlet depending on the number of sanitary fixtures attached to it in accordance with;

The ventilation risers of the sewer network are inspected, taking into account that the protruding part of the risers is discharged through the roof or prefabricated ventilation shaft to the following height:

The diameter of the protruding part of the sewer riser must correspond to the diameter of the waste part of the sewer riser; The release of ventilation sewer risers into the cold attic is not allowed.

5.4.4.2 Based on the survey results, the degree of compliance is established.

5.4.5 Inspection of the technical condition of ventilation systems

5.4.5.1 When inspecting the technical condition of ventilation systems, the following work is guided and carried out:

Describe the design solution of the ventilation system (natural duct exhaust without organized air flow, mechanical duct supply and exhaust, smoke removal system with mechanical induction);

They examine the technical condition of the system elements and identify the following defects and malfunctions:

1) leakage of air ducts and pipes at the points of connection to ventilation units (indoors),

2) violation of the integrity (reduction of dimensions, dismantling) of ventilation units (in premises),

3) discrepancy between the cross-section of ventilation openings of air ducts and air distributors and the design solution (in premises),

4) leakage, violation of integrity and thermal insulation ventilation ducts and mines (cold attic),

5) violation of the integrity of the heads of ventilation units (diffusers), leakage of the warm attic, which is a prefabricated ventilation chamber,

6) mechanical damage to ventilation shafts and deflectors on the roof,

7) damage to the automatic devices of the smoke removal system,

8) damage to the mechanics of the supply and exhaust system (ventilation units, fans, valves, dampers);

Carry out instrumental measurements of air exhaust volumes (in all rooms);

Check ventilation and smoke channels for cross-country ability.

5.4.5.2 Based on the survey results, the degree of compliance is established.

5.4.6 Inspection of the technical condition of waste disposal systems

5.4.6.1 When inspecting the technical condition of waste disposal systems, they are guided by, conduct an inspection of the barrel, loading valves, gates, fire valves of the cleaning device, waste collection chambers with equipment, deflectors and identify the following defects and malfunctions:

1) violation of the integrity and tightness of the butt joints of the barrel;

2) looseness of the trunk;

3) leakage of loading valves;

4) absence or damage of metal parts of loading valves;

5) failure of the hopper with gates;

6) frustration or lack of cold eyeliner and hot water in the waste collection chamber;

7) destruction of the lining and waterproofing of the floor in the garbage chamber;

8) violation of the tightness of the narthex and locking of the garbage chamber door;

9) leaky interface ventilation duct with barrel;

10) absence or destruction of ventilation duct insulation in a cold attic.

5.4.6.2 Based on the survey results, the degree of compliance is established.

5.4.7 Inspection of the technical condition of gas supply systems

5.4.7.1 The gas supply system includes engineering devices for transporting gas to the combustion site, as well as its most efficient and safe use. Gas is burned in gas burners, the design of which depends on the purpose of the gas appliance ( gas stove, water heater, furnace, etc.). Combustion products of internal gas supply devices are removed by ventilation.

5.4.7.2 To assess the technical condition of the gas supply system, they are guided by GOST 21.609, GOST 21.610 and carry out the following work:

Describe the design diagram of the gas inlet into the building (external inlet, basement inlet, routing of the inlet through the technical basement, including from the looped intra-block network);

Study technical documentation for gas pipelines and gas equipment, which includes:

1) a situational plan of the household with a diagram of gas distribution and shut-off devices (plans for these communications are stored in specialized gas services),

2) lists of gas appliances indicating the premises where they are installed, the number and type of installations,

3) acts on the condition of gas ducts,

4) acts on major repairs of equipment,

5) passports technical devices,

6) acts of acceptance of gas pipelines and gas equipment into operation,

7) certificates of acceptance tests and inspections carried out during the operation of gas pipelines and gas equipment,

8) acts, reports on work performed during major repairs and reconstruction of gas pipelines and gas equipment,

9) a set of design drawings indicating the main technical solutions and all changes made during the execution of the work and notes on the approval of these changes with the organization that developed the gas pipelines and gas equipment project,

10) acts of investigation of accidents and violations of technological processes affecting the safety of gas pipelines and gas equipment;

The inspection establishes compliance with the design of the existing gas supply system (laying gas pipelines, installing gas appliances, apparatus and other gas-using equipment);

Inspect the technical condition of pipelines and equipment and identify defects and malfunctions:

1) gas leaks and leaky connections of pipeline sections,

2) the presence of deformations in the pipelines that arose during the settlement of the building,

3) the absence of sleeves in places where pipelines pass through ceilings and walls (the sleeves must ensure free linear movements independent of building structures caused by temperature deformations of the gas pipeline),

4) breakdown of gas stoves, hot water heaters, etc.;

Check the operation of the ventilation system and flue ducts;

The technical condition of chimneys (gas ducts) is examined for permeability, density, isolation, and the presence of normal draft. The main reasons for disruption of the normal operation of chimneys are:

1) blockages of chimneys with construction waste, mortar, bricks from the collapse of pipe heads,

2) blockages due to snow or ice jams due to cooling of the walls of the head during severe frosts,

3) local narrowing of the chimney,

4) head location chimney in the zone of wind pressure,

5) leakage of chimneys.

5.4.8 Inspection of the technical condition of drains

5.4.8.1 When inspecting drainage devices, the following work is guided and carried out:

Describe the structural drainage system (external organized drainage, unorganized external drainage, internal drainage);

Inspect the technical condition of drainage devices and identify the following faults and damage:

1) corrosion, fistulas, holes and destruction of metal gutters, overhangs and drainpipes,

2) violation of the connections of individual elements of drainpipes,

3) the absence of individual elements of drainpipes and fastenings to external walls,

4) clogged drain pipes,

5) violation of waterproofing in places where the water inlet funnels of the internal drainage meet the roof,

6) violation of tightness butt joints along the riser of the internal drainage system,

7) clogging and icing of water intake funnels of internal drainage and open outlets,

8) violation of the thermal insulation of internal drain risers in a cold attic,

9) condensation humidification of the thermal insulation of internal drain risers in a cold attic,

10) lack of protective grilles and caps in the funnels of the internal drainage system.

5.4.8.2 If condensation and ice forms on the eaves and drainage devices, the attic is inspected and the following reasons for violations of the temperature and humidity conditions are established:

Destruction of the walls of ventilation ducts and ventilation shafts;

Destruction or lack of thermal insulation of utility pipelines;

Insufficient thickness of the attic floor insulation (determined by calculation);

Release of sewer or basement exhaust ducts into the attic volume;

Lack of tightness of the vestibules of attic entrance doors and hatches.

5.4.8.3 Based on the inspection, compliance with the requirements for the system of drainage devices is established in accordance with.

Description:

Completion of construction installation work in engineering systems is not the final stage and does not make it possible to put the building into operation. This is preceded by important stage- commissioning works.

Commissioning work in engineering systems

A. N. Orekhov, CEO LLC "SF ZEUS"

A. V. Taran, Commercial Director LLC "SF ZEUS"

Completion of construction and installation work in engineering systems is not the final stage and does not make it possible to put the building into operation. This is preceded by an important stage - commissioning. Only after they are finished building object Maybe

It would be appropriate to consider the implementation of commissioning work at building example saturated with engineering systems. Let's say kindergarten with built-in medical center, built according to an individual project. The building in question is rectangular in plan, variable number of storeys (1–3 floors), with 180 seats. Under part of the building there is a basement, and above part of the third floor there is an air supply chamber. Buildings (premises) of preschool educational institutions must be equipped with drinking water, fire and hot water supply systems, sewerage and drainage in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01–85*.

The following systems were designed and installed in the building:

• water supply;
• fire-fighting water supply;
• domestic sewerage;
• storm sewer;
• heating;
• ventilation;
• smoke ventilation;
• individual heating point;
• pool water treatment.

The procedure for carrying out commissioning work is regulated by SNiP 30505–84 “Process equipment and process pipelines”, SNiP 30505–86 “Electrical devices”, SNiP 30507–85 “Automation systems” and SNiP 30501–85 “Internal sanitary systems”.

Commissioning and testing in each case are specific and individual in nature. Depending on the type of equipment, they can last up to 72 hours. The quality of commissioning work largely depends on the level of technical knowledge, the experience of the specialists conducting it, as well as on the quality of the design, construction and installation work.

The complexity of commissioning depends on the specifics of the equipment of each specific facility. The greatest difficulty is finding the causes that underlie equipment failures.

Testing of engineering systems

Before performing commissioning work, it is necessary to perform pressure testing of the systems. Crimping is hydraulic test closed system overpressure. Upon completion of installation work installation organizations must be completed:

• testing heating systems, heat supply, internal cold and hot water supply and boiler rooms using the hydrostatic or manometric method with drawing up a report, as well as flushing the systems;
• system testing internal sewerage and gutters with drawing up an act;
• individual testing of installed equipment with drawing up a report;
• thermal testing of heating systems for uniform heating of heating devices.

Testing of systems using plastic pipelines should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of CH 478–80. Tests must be carried out before finishing works. Pressure gauges used for testing must be calibrated in accordance with GOST 8.002–71.

During individual testing of equipment, the following work must be performed:

• compliance check installed equipment and completed work, working documentation and requirements of regulatory documents;
• testing equipment at idle and under load for 4 hours of continuous operation. At the same time, the balancing of wheels and rotors in pump and smoke exhauster assemblies, the quality of the stuffing box packing, the serviceability of starting devices, the degree of heating of the electric motor, and compliance with the requirements for assembly and installation of equipment specified in technical documentation manufacturing enterprises.

Hydrostatic testing of heating systems, heat supply systems, boilers and water heaters must be carried out at a positive temperature in the premises of the building, and cold and hot water supply systems, sewerage and drains - at a temperature not lower than 5 °C. The water temperature must also be at least 5 °C.

In this article we will look at the commissioning of water supply systems, household and storm sewer systems of a preschool educational institution (preschool educational institution). Next, we will consider the features of the building systems, as well as the main aspects of the commissioning work being carried out.

Water supply

The building has a hot and cold water supply system made using a riser system made of galvanized steel pipes. Shut-off valves are installed on all branches, as well as in front of all water taps; the systems are equipped with downstream pressure regulators, ensuring equal pressure in cold and hot water supply systems.

Heated towel rails in bathrooms, as well as heating devices in wardrobes for drying clothes they are connected to the hot water supply system.

During the period of summer preventive shutdown of the hot water supply system, the heat supply to these devices must be provided by boilers connected to electric power plants. The project did not provide for their installation. The lack of boilers was identified at the installation stage and an additional agreement was concluded for their installation.

The main feature of the system is the presence in some of the bathrooms (for children) of mixing thermostats that limit the temperature of the water supplied to the water taps to 40 °C to prevent burns from hot water in children.

The complex of commissioning works in hot water and cold water systems includes:

• water supply system testing;
• flushing systems from sludge, dirt and scale;
• cleaning filters;
• setting pressure regulators on cold and hot water lines to 3.5 bar;
• setting thermostats to the required temperature.

Testing of water supply systems. Internal cold and hot water supply systems must be tested by hydrostatic or manometric method in compliance with the requirements of GOST 24054–80, GOST 25136–82.

The test pressure value for the hydrostatic test method should be taken equal to 1.5 excess operating pressure. Hydrostatic and pressure testing of cold and hot water supply systems must be carried out before installing water taps.

Systems are considered to have passed the test if within 10 minutes. being under test pressure with the hydrostatic test method, no pressure drop of more than 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf/cm 2) and drops in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings and water leaks through flushing devices.

At the end of the hydrostatic test, it is necessary to release water from the internal cold and hot water supply systems.

Manometric tests of the internal cold and hot water supply system should be carried out in the following sequence: fill the system with air with a test excess pressure of 0.15 MPa (1.5 kgf/cm 2), if installation defects are detected by ear, the pressure should be reduced to atmospheric pressure and the defects eliminated; then fill the system with air at a pressure of 0.1 MPa (1 kgf/cm2), hold it under test pressure for 5 minutes. The system is considered to have passed the test if, when it is under test pressure, the pressure drop does not exceed 0.01 MPa (0.1 kgf/cm2).

Flushing of water supply systems. Flushing of water supply systems is carried out before installing water fittings. When flushing, the water supply system is completely filled with water, then the valve connecting the system to external networks is closed. Next, hoses are connected to the drain valves that serve to empty the risers to drain the contaminated water into the sewer system.

Such flushing cannot guarantee the removal of all sludge. Now on Russian market Special devices for washing water supply, heating systems, as well as heat exchange and other similar equipment are widely represented.

The operating principle of the washing machine is to create a mixture of air and water supplied into the system pulsed. Compressed air is supplied by a compressor connected to the sink. The mixture of air and water passes through the equipment being washed and is discharged into the sewer system. The pulsation can be changed step by step (optimized), lengthening or shortening the distance between pulses, depending on the purpose of the application.

If the unit is not yet connected to the system drinking water supply, nearby hydrants should be used. Using two flexible hoses, the sink is connected to the system immediately after the water meter and water filter. If the water supply system is not connected to external networks, then you can use hydrants located in the immediate vicinity of the building to flush the system. For the washer to operate, a certain actual pressure in the network is required (for some manufacturers, at least 2 bar). If this value is not achieved, you need to install a spare tank with a booster pump that maintains the required pressure. Washing direction from bottom to top. If the pipeline length exceeds 100 m, then it is necessary to flush the system in parts using an intermediate washing connection.

It is necessary to sequentially open the plugs covering the places of future connection of water fittings and rinse until the rinsing water discharged into the sewer becomes clear.

After washing it is necessary to carry out cleaning filters. A hose is connected to the tap in the bottom plug of the filter, which serves to remove sludge, dirt and scale, and is designed to be discharged into the sewer. The valve after the filter closes. Water from the main goes into the drainage and carries with it mechanical impurities deposited on the filter mesh.

The next stage of commissioning work is setting up pressure regulators. A pressure regulator is a type of control valve that is installed on a pipeline and serves to equalize the pressure in the system. This type of pipeline fittings is most often direct-acting fittings, i.e. works without the use of additional energy sources.

The principle of operation of the equipment is quite simple: the regulator is adjusted to any pressure value (which is maintained before or after it) or pressure drop by adjusting it using a restrictor ring according to the readings of the pressure gauge on the valve body. When the pressure in the pipeline changes, the force on the membrane changes accordingly, which plays a role sensitive element and responds to changes in pressure in the pipeline. The difference between the force acting on the membrane and the spring force moves the regulator cone to a new position, equalizing the pressure.

The regulator is adjusted to the required pressure by changing the compression of the tuning spring. The setting is carried out using setting diagrams in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions or pressure gauges.

Drawing () Flushing diagram of the water supply system in accordance with DIN 1988

Sewerage

The building is designed with a system of domestic and storm sewerage. In the building, according to the standards, the following installation height of children's sanitary appliances is accepted from the floor of the room to the top of the side of the appliance:

• washbasins for children 3–4 years old – 0.4 m;
• for children 4–7 years old – 0.5 m;
• deep shower tray – 0.6 m;
• shallow shower tray - 0.3 m (with the height of the shower net above the bottom of the tray 1.6 m).

In the shower rooms, laundry rooms, as well as in the washing and preparation shop of the catering department, the floors are equipped with drain ladders with corresponding slopes of the floors to the holes of the ladders.

Due to the absence of any technical devices in the sewerage system in this building (pumps, electric valves), commissioning work is reduced to checking the tightness and permeability of the systems.

Testing of internal sewerage systems is carried out by pouring water by simultaneously opening 75% of the sanitary fixtures connected to the area being tested for the time required to inspect it.

The system is considered to have passed the test if, during its inspection, no leaks were detected through the walls of the pipelines and joints.

Tests of sewerage outlet pipelines laid in the ground or underground channels are carried out before they are closed by filling them with water to the floor level of the first floor.

Tests of sections of sewerage systems hidden during subsequent work must be carried out by pouring water before they are closed with the drawing up of an inspection report for hidden work in accordance with mandatory Appendix 6 of SNiP 3.01.01–85.

Trial internal drains should be filled with water to the level of the highest drain funnel. The duration of the test must be at least 10 minutes.

Drains are considered to have passed the test if no leaks are found during inspection and the water level in the risers has not decreased.

Currently, a significant part of the housing stock requires overhaul. At the same time, it is not always engineering Communication, having served the standard period, are really worn out and need to be completely replaced. And, conversely, many relatively new pipelines may be in unsatisfactory, emergency condition. So what should you do so as not to spend money on re-arranging the old one, but reliable pipe, but to identify exactly those network elements that really require repair? To determine the exact picture, the real technical condition of various communications, an expert examination of the internal engineering systems of buildings and structures is carried out, including instrumental diagnostics, assessment of the level of wear and capabilities further exploitation.

Examination of engineering networks and pipelines of buildings, apartment buildings

The objects of research are internal pipelines and engineering equipment for residential and public buildings, industrial enterprises, production complexes.

The laboratory of ZAO “Expertise of Utility Networks” carries out inspections of the following intra-house systems:

— hot, cold, fire-fighting and technical water supply;

— household, waste and drainage sewerage;

— heat supply and heating;

- ventilation and refrigeration.

Inspection of building systems includes visual inspection of communications, determination of traces and nature of corrosion, description of existing defects and violations, selective ultrasonic thickness measurement of pipe walls, photographic recording. Sewer, ventilation and drainage networks are examined using television inspection. An inspection of a building's heating system consists of a set of measures (visual inspection, instrumental diagnostics). The collected information is summarized in a technical report, followed by calculations and conclusions about the current state utility networks, the level of physical wear, the possibility of further operation, the feasibility of local repair of individual parts or the need to replace pipes.

All work is carried out in full accordance with the current regulatory documentation: GOST, SNiP, VSN, methodological guides and recommendations. The company and specialists are accredited and certified.

Plumbing expertise

• Examination of risers for hot water supply, hot water supply, heating, sewerage;
• Examination of water and heat inputs, sewer outlets;
• Examination of communications in premises, basements, attics, technical floors

Inspection and examination of the technical condition of pipelines and systems

• Identification and documentation of defects and violations;
• Assessment of the level of wear of engineering systems;
• Analysis, calculations, conclusions from instrumental and desk research, preparation of recommendations

Equipment

Since the internal communications of buildings are represented by a wide variety of engineering systems, various technologies and instruments are used for inspection:

• To assess the condition of water supply and heating pipes, we use ultrasonic thickness gauges MG2-XT (Panametrics, USA), 2 sets. The device is designed to accurately measure the wall thickness of pipelines. Measuring range - 0.5 - 635 mm. Periodic inspections are carried out and relevant documentation is available.
• Gravity-flow systems of household sewerage and drainage are examined by video diagnostics, mainly by teleinspection systems SMO\TV5-50LC-1V\ВК4-150\VM11-100 and endoscopes for any pipe diameter.
• We perform searches for heat loss and thermal inspection of electrical equipment using a ThermeCAM E45 thermal imaging camera (FLIR Systems, Sweden). The infrared camera provides radiometric images that can accurately measure the temperature of objects. The thermal imager captures images at a frame rate of 50 Hz, which allows you to scan moving objects. The ThermaCAM E45 thermal imager is specially designed for practical problems, requiring high speed IR diagnostics.

Today, utility networks are an important part of not only an individual building, but also a large system through which structures are provided with the necessary resources. Their condition is given special attention, because it is very important to maintain the functionality of the system and promptly prevent possible breakdowns.

Inspection of engineering systems and networks is a set of activities carried out to assess the current state and functionality of engineering systems, identify defects and malfunctions, and determine connectivity additional equipment, determining the compliance of engineering systems with design and regulatory documentation.

As a rule, technical inspection of utility networks occurs during their operation. Wear is an integral part of the use of the system, and it occurs under the influence of natural external factors. On average, networks can last for 10-20 years without repairs and additional work, and the service life depends on external conditions, timeliness and quality of repairs performed.

Stages of conducting a survey of utility networks:

A thorough inspection of the system to obtain the necessary parameters.

Studying the data obtained and project documentation. Specialists review work plans and identify possible deviations during the installation of networks.

Compliance with standards is checked, because the service life depends on all these parameters.

If you doubt the work estimate provided by the contractor, then specialists will be able to determine the cost of installing the system and prevent the possibility of overestimation.

Technical inspection of engineering systems is carried out for almost all types of networks, depending on the requests of the customer. It can be carried out both for all elements and for individual ones.

Elements of the engineering system that may be inspected:

1. Inspection of hot water supply systems.

When examining this element, a description is made DHW systems, pipeline inspection and circulation pumps, description of the technology for preparing hot water and the water heaters used, carrying out instrumental measurements - temperature measurements, determining the thickness of corrosive deposits. Development of drawings with the application of pipelines and distribution of the hot water supply system on floor plans, indicating the diameters and linking them to existing structures.

2. Inspection of heating and heat supply systems - examination of the thermal input and central heating point, description of the heating system and wiring diagrams of the supply and return lines, examination of heating devices, temperature measurements, determination of the thickness of the narrowing of the live section of pipelines, drawing of the heating system on floor plans.

3. Inspection of cold water supply systems - inspection water supply into the building, inspection of the metering station cold water and instrumentation, description of the water supply system, determination of the thickness of corrosion deposits in pipelines, drawing of the cold water supply system on plans with diameters indicated.

4. Inspection of sewerage systems - inspection of pipelines and sanitary fixtures, inspection of ventilation risers and revisions, determination of the slope of horizontal pipelines, drawing of sewer risers and fixtures on floor plans.

5. Inspection of ventilation systems - type determination ventilation system, inspection of ventilation ducts and ventilation equipment, determination of air exchange in the inspected rooms of the building, identification of defects and comparison with regulatory requirements.

6. Inspection of waste disposal systems - inspection of waste collection chambers, establishing the integrity and tightness of the shaft, establishing compliance with the requirements of design and regulatory documentation.

7. Inspection of gas supply systems - description of the design diagram of the gas supply system, study of documentation for gas pipelines and equipment, determination of compliance of the gas pipeline system with design documentation.

8. Inspection of the technical condition of drains - a description of the drainage system, identifying unacceptable damage - blockages, tightness of joints, the presence of grates and caps, the presence of an electric heating cable.

9. Inspection of electrical networks and communications - description of the input distribution device, inspection electrical cabinets on floors, inspection of lighting fixtures, inspection of low-current systems, drawing of electrical panels and power supply wiring on building plans.

10. Inspection of engineering equipment.

IN in this case the actual condition of the equipment used is determined for various purposes, as well as physical and moral wear and tear in accordance with identified defects and malfunctions.

Technical inspection of equipment and networks is carried out taking into account three determining factors:

Much attention is paid to physical wear and tear; it becomes the main problem during system operation. This factor depends on general condition, it is determined by current indicators, the number of repairs and restoration work carried out.

Obsolescence. When determining it, possible violations during construction that affect General characteristics systems.

Obsolescence of equipment, as a result of which it no longer meets modern requirements.

Contents of the technical report on the inspection of engineering systems and networks:

1. Explanatory note - description of the surveyed engineering systems

2. Inspection of heating systems and heat supply of the building

description of heating and heat supply systems

drawing heating systems onto floor plans

instrumental examination of heating and heat supply systems, defects, conclusions and recommendations

3. Inspection of building ventilation systems

description of ventilation systems

drawing ventilation systems onto floor plans

instrumental examination of ventilation systems, defects, conclusions and recommendations

4. Inspection of water supply and fire extinguishing systems of the building

description of water supply and fire extinguishing systems

drawing water supply and fire extinguishing systems on floor plans

instrumental examination of water supply and fire extinguishing systems, defects, conclusions and recommendations

5. Inspection of building drainage systems

description of drainage systems

drawing drainage systems on floor plans

instrumental examination of drainage systems, defects, conclusions and recommendations

6. Inspection of building electrical systems

description of power supply systems

drawing electrical systems onto floor plans

instrumental inspection of power supply systems, defects, conclusions and recommendations

7. Results of calculations of existing loads on the building, analysis of input nodes for the possibility of increasing loads, identification of places for possible connections new networks

8. Conclusions based on the results of the inspection of the building’s engineering systems

10. Executive diagrams - plans with applied engineering systems

What might our specialists need during their work?

Project documentation.

System drawings used to prepare and carry out work.

Information on repairs carried out, the range of restoration work performed.

Other documents providing information about the subject of the survey.

Thus, this examination is often carried out not only in case of accidents or breakdowns. Our experts recommend periodically inspecting engineering systems, determining the current condition and the need for repair of individual elements. Timely detected faults are much easier to eliminate than their further consequences and serious breakdowns. An assessment may also be required during legal proceedings.

Service cost:

The minimum cost of conducting an examination of engineering networks and systems is 20,000 rubles.

2013-12-15

Surely those around you are jealous of your happiness - but how could it be otherwise, after all, you took the risk of investing in shared construction and any day now you will receive the treasured keys and a certificate of ownership of the apartment. Yes, I had to save money in order to pay my fees on time and in full. And now, more and more often, you look into stores of finishing goods and plumbing, electrical goods and furniture showrooms, because you definitely decided for yourself - in new apartment everything will be new for you. This is right. But do not rush, otherwise the money that you have prepared for the purchase of furniture and other interior items may be “eaten up” not just by finishing, but literally by repairs with the elimination of defects.

Additional costs can be avoided if, before receiving the keys and signing the acceptance certificate for the apartment, you carefully examine its condition. Yes, some deficiencies will appear in the first years of operation, but some can be detected with a quick inspection.

If you know a construction foreman, take him with you as an expert. If not, arm yourself with a water level, an indicator screwdriver, a candle and matches, and a small stepladder will also help. In the meantime, before you are invited to sign documents, familiarize yourself with the finishing standards and repair work in construction.

Control is a good habit

When buying clothes or shoes, you will probably not only try them on, but also check the treatment of the seams so that you don’t have to immediately take the new thing for repairs. An apartment is a more expensive purchase, and it’s up to you to check the condition in which it is handed over to you. legal right. First of all, we inspect the doors to see if they fit tightly to the jambs or if they are warped. The same applies to the windows in the apartment and the loggia (if it is glazed). It is imperative to check the completeness of the double-glazed windows (plugs, handles, seals), check for cracks, scratches and leaks of solution on the windows and frames (cleaning yourself may leave scratches).

Using a lit candle, check the windows and ventilation openings. If the window has cracks or is poorly foamed/cemented, the flame will be deflected towards the apartment. This means that in winter such a window will not save you from the cold. The presence of draft in the ventilation is indicated by the deviation of the flame towards the grille.

Using a water level, we evaluate the evenness of floors, walls and ceilings. If you find stains on them, write them down in a notebook. We also record all the irregularities - where and by how much.

An indicator screwdriver is useful to check the functionality of electrical sockets (all, not selectively!) and wires to lamps. At the same time, see if there are hooks for the chandeliers - they should be. Ask the manager who accompanies you to open the apartment electrical panel to check the grounding and functionality of the RCD.

It is imperative to assess the condition of all pipelines: for some projects it is possible to lay them horizontally (on the floor) - such a pipeline must be in corrugated insulation.

If heating risers are mounted vertically, the holes around them must be cemented. The same applies to sewer riser. Check the seals on water meters and electricity meters. By the way, they must issue you passports for them, since you, and not the developer, are responsible for checking the hot water meter every 4 years and every six years - the cold water meter.

Pay attention to the size of the radiators - in residential premises it should be 50% of the light size, i.e. window opening, in accordance with the updated edition of the “Code of Rules”. You also need to check whether they have automatic radiator thermostats and whether the distance from the wall complies with the standards.

In addition to the mandatory installation of shut-off valves, Mayevsky taps (on upper floors) and devices for draining water from the system on each riser, the updated “Code of Rules” (clause 6.4.9) obliges the installation of control valves, that is, automatic radiator thermostats, on each heating device.

This requirement appeared not on someone’s whim, but in pursuance of the law on energy conservation, as well as the mandatory installation by the developer of individual meters for electricity consumption, cold and hot water, as well as general house consumption meters utility resources.

Taking advantage of the legal illiteracy of consumers, developers can ignore this norm or install a thermostat that is not complete.

You need to know that the thermostat is installed on the pipe supplying water to the radiator, between it and the bypass (jumper). It must have a control head with divisions corresponding to certain values ​​of the air temperature in the room. At correct installation the head is located horizontally, that is, it looks to the side of the pipe, and not up.

Otherwise, the temperature sensor will be additionally heated by heat rising from the pipe upward, that is, it will not correctly measure the air temperature in the room. Some heating radiators are available with built-in thermostats.

“The absence of thermostats on each radiator in newly rented residential buildings is the subject of a claim against the developer. If he refuses to satisfy such a requirement, the buyer has the right to file a complaint with Rostechnadzor or the housing inspection, along with other comments about the quality of the housing being sold,” explains lawyer Alina Domkina.

As mentioned above, automatic radiator thermostat consists of two parts - a valve and a thermostatic head. The valve fits directly into the pipe. Often, by installing a valve, the developer tries to prove that he has completed everything building regulations, however, he is disingenuous: without a thermostatic head, the valve is useless.

Both elements are sold both together and separately, so the buyer of the apartment must clearly understand that both elements must be installed. “The thermostatic head, in fact, will allow the apartment owner to set the temperature in the apartment that is comfortable for him - to do this, it is enough to set the desired position on the regulator head, and the rest of the equipment will do the rest without human intervention. Using such a device, you can set the temperature from +6ºC to +26ºC. In other words, so that it is not hot in the apartment, so that you do not heat the atmospheric air through an open window, it is enough to adjust the heat transfer of the radiator,”- explains Anton Belov, deputy director of the thermal department of Danfoss.

Thermostats can be equipped with a gas-filled, liquid or solid-state temperature sensor.

The former are the most effective because they respond to its change in just 8 minutes, while solid-state (paraffin) can “swing” for up to an hour or more (as a rule, they are used in non-residential buildings). Currently, many apartment owners whose heating systems are not equipped with thermostats install these devices themselves.

Their cost is low, but their effectiveness is noticeable, because in this case the family gets the opportunity to do without drafts, the apartment will not be hot, and at a comfortable temperature the risk of developing acute respiratory and viral diseases is reduced.

Common property

The developer, who will soon turn into your management company, is for some reason reluctant to introduce future residents of the new home not only to their own apartments, but also with common property. Meanwhile, the law provides, in particular, that homeowners, at their own expense, are required to carry out energy saving and energy efficiency measures in relation to common property in an apartment building.

And the above-mentioned “Code of Rules” provides, firstly, for connecting heating and hot water supply systems through a heating point, and secondly, for the mandatory installation of common house utility meters. So let them show them to you! Otherwise, in a month or two general meeting Residents will have a question about installing such meters at your expense, the new residents.

And don’t hesitate to ask questions: for example, where does this wiring connect the meter, how and by whom will the readings be taken, check whether the meters are sealed, etc. Remember that if you refuse to show the communal meters, you have the right to note this in the apartment acceptance certificate.

All deviations from the standard that you recorded in your apartment, common areas and technical rooms (usually the basement) where metering devices are located, be sure to include in the acceptance certificate of the residential premises, in the comments section. According to current legislation, you must have one copy of the act in your hands, signed management company. In addition, you should write a statement to the head of the developer with a proposal to eliminate the deficiencies identified during the inspection. Such an application is also drawn up in two copies, on one of which the manager or the manager’s secretary must put a mark of acceptance indicating the date, position, signature with a transcript of the signature of the person who accepted the application. Not accepted directly - send by registered mail with notice. In response, you should be informed of the time frame for eliminating the deficiencies. The law provides 30 calendar days for consideration of the application.