Every owner wants everything in his household to work, nothing to break, and to be easy to maintain and install. And sewerage is no exception. It needs to require as little attention as possible - it’s very inconvenient if it gets clogged, but it’s no less unpleasant to clean it. If you want to have a trouble-free drainage system, pay attention to plastic sewer pipes. They are gradually replacing cast iron ones, and all because they cost less, are easier to install, and have a large assortment- different diameters and lengths, almost no deposits form on their smooth walls, and even a service life of about 50 years. This whole bouquet of properties determines their popularity.
Types of plastic sewer pipes
- polyethylene (PE):
- high pressure(PVD) - for internal wiring sewerage;
- low pressure(HDPE) - can be laid outside, in trenches (they have greater strength);
- polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
- polypropylene (PP)
And further whole line other thermoplastics and their combinations, but they are rare - people prefer to use already known materials.
Plastic material sewer pipes selected depending on the application. For example, polypropylene is more suitable for installing sewerage inside a house or apartment. It has a higher operating temperature range - it normally tolerates environments up to 70°C, and for a short time - up to 95°C. If there are different household appliances, discharging waste hot water into the sewer, it will not be superfluous. PVC pipes having more than low prices, are more appropriate when laying external sewerage - here the drains are usually already mixed, so the temperatures are lower and PVC can withstand them without harm (working up to +40°C, short-term increase to 60°C).
Sewer pipes can also be smooth or corrugated. Moreover, not only siphon bends can be corrugated. There are profiled pipes for sewerage with an internal smooth wall and an external ribbed one. They have greater strength - they can better withstand compressive loads (they have increased ring rigidity) and can be buried to great depths. Available in diameters from 110 mm to 1200 mm.
Dimensions and diameters
Sewage plastic pipes, unlike water and gas pipes, are produced in the form of lengths of 50 cm, 100 cm, 200 cm, etc. - up to 600 cm. Maximum length- 12 meters, but some manufacturers can make longer sections upon request. This is convenient when laying long routes - fewer connections, less possible places occurrence of problems (leaks or blockages).
More important characteristics plastic pipes - diameter and wall thickness. In the markings they usually go side by side: the numbers are 160 * 4.2. What does it stand for: outside diameter pipes 160 mm, wall thickness 4.2 mm. It’s worth remembering here that manufacturers indicate the outer diameter of plastic pipes, and many calculations and planning require knowing the inner one. It is easy to calculate: subtract twice the wall thickness from the outer wall: 160 mm - 4.2 mm * 2 = 151.6 mm. Calculations and tables usually contain a rounded result - in in this case- 150 mm.
In general, the industry produces plastic pipes for sewerage with a diameter of 25 mm. The maximum cross-section depends on the type of pipe (smooth or corrugated) and the material from which it is made. For example, smooth PVC sewer pipes can have a diameter of up to 630 mm, and profiled two-layer pipes can have a diameter of up to 1200 mm. But these dimensions are of no use to homeowners or apartment dwellers. In private housing construction, diameters up to 100-110 mm are mainly used, rarely up to 160 mm. Sometimes, for a large cottage with a large number of plumbing fixtures, a pipe of 200-250 mm in diameter may be needed.
How to choose a diameter for connecting plumbing fixtures
According to the rules, a calculation must be made; it is fully spelled out in SNiP 2.04.01085. This is a complex matter, a lot of data is required, so few people really think as it should. Over the years, accumulated practice has made it possible to derive the average diameters of polyethylene sewer pipes for each of the plumbing fixtures. You can safely use these developments - all calculations usually come down to these dimensions.
| Name of plumbing fixture | Diameter of plastic sewer pipe | Slope | Distance between central drain and siphon |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bath | 40 mm | 1:30 | 100-130 cm |
| Shower | 40 mm | 1:48 | 150-170 cm |
| Toilet | 100 mm | 1:20 | up to 600 cm |
| Sink | 40 mm | 1:12 | from 0 to 80 cm |
| Bidet | 30-40 mm | 1:20 | 70-100 cm |
| Kitchen sink | 30-40 mm | 1:36 | 130-150 cm |
| Combined drain - bath, sink, shower | 50 mm | 1:48 | 170-230 cm |
| Central riser | 100-110 mm | ||
| Bends from the central riser | 65-75 cm |
As you can see, plastic pipes for sewerage with a diameter of 30-40 mm are mainly used. Only for the toilet is much needed larger size- 100-110 mm. This is due to the peculiarity of its functioning - it is necessary to remove a large amount of water in a short period of time. At the same time, there must be room for air in the pipe, otherwise it will break the water seals on other plumbing fixtures and “aromas” from the sewer will enter the room.
When installing, you need to remember a few more rules:
You also need to remember about insulating or heating the sewer outlet in a private house. Vertical section, which goes from the outlet to the entrance to the trench, must be well insulated. Additionally, they are often used. In the case of sewers, they are usually laid outside and then covered with thermal insulation material.
That's it, that's it. The rules are simple, but if you follow them, everything will work for a long time and without failure.
Features of installation of plastic sewer pipes
Plastic pipes for sewerage, on one side they end with a socket into which a sealing rubber is inserted. The segments are connected simply: a straight edge is inserted into the socket. Since the dimensions are strictly standardized, this is, in principle, sufficient for a hermetically sealed connection. In practice, the O-ring is often additionally coated with silicone plumbing sealant.
When installing sewer plastic pipes, sometimes they have to be cut. Convenient to do with hand saw with a blade for metal - small teeth cut well and leave an almost even edge. You can also use a grinder or jigsaw. In any case, before installing the cut piece, its edge must be treated with fine-grain sandpaper to remove possible burrs and make it smooth. Some piece of waste may get caught on the protruding pieces, and as a result, a blockage may form in this place. Therefore, we carefully smooth out the cut area.
While creating sewer network in a house or apartment it is often necessary to make a branch. There are fittings for this - adapters from one diameter to another, tees, angles with different degrees of rotation, etc.
Drainage systems made from modern polymer materials have enormous advantages over outdated structures made of cast iron and steel. In addition to the fact that a wide variety of sizes of PVC sewer pipes are available for sale, these products are distinguished by excellent technical characteristics. PVC pipes are lightweight and easy to work with, polymer plastic resistant to mechanical stress, chemically active liquids, fungus and mold. Of course, not the least important is the durability, reliability and affordable cost of PVC plumbing pipes for sewerage, the dimensions of which allow you to create systems of any size and complexity. But, in order to carry out this work quickly and efficiently, you need to know what performance qualities are inherent in plastic sewer pipes.
Purpose of PVC pipes
The sizes of plastic sewer pipes are varied enough to transport a wide variety of liquids inside and outside the house to the final point, which may be general system sewage collection, collector or septic tank. Despite the fact that these products look almost the same, their purpose may not differ significantly depending on the model.
So, regardless of size, PVC sewer pipes have the following strength classification:
- Heavy. The products have reinforced thick walls that can withstand the most extreme pressure, both externally and internally. They are used for laying pipelines under roads, in industrial and other facilities with heavy traffic.
- Average. Withstands loads from light soil and movement passenger cars. They have a fairly wide range of use in pressure and non-pressure pressure systems Oh.
- Lungs. Pipes of this class are used to create internal sewers, stormwater and drainage systems. They are laid underground only in places with pedestrian traffic, since they do not have a sufficient margin of safety. For the most part, they are used for arranging non-pressure internal sewage systems.
Using plastic pipes different sizes external and internal are created sewer structures, pressure and gravity drainage systems for wastewater, stormwater and melt water. When choosing PVC sewer pipes, you need to take into account that the size and color of the products are different. So, sections and fittings for interior work have grey colour. PVC pipes for external sewerage have more impressive dimensions. Products in this series have a bright Orange color. Regardless of type and size, plastic sewer pipes match perfectly in all respects.
Plastic pipe sizes
On a note: The efficiency and practicality of a drainage system directly depends on the size of the PVC drainage pipes used to assemble them.
This does not mean at all that you need to use the largest products. This approach is incorrect, as it leads to unnecessary expenses money, energy and living space indoors. Everywhere you need to find a middle ground.
Standard sizes of plastic sewer pipes are divided according to the following indicators:
- Length. The most common sections are 300 cm long. They are most suitable for renovation and construction of houses with ceiling heights of 240-280 cm. There is practically no waste left. To equip non-standard premises, you can purchase sections with lengths of 50, 100, 150 and 200 cm. This allows you to avoid unnecessary costs and unnecessary work associated with sawing into blanks and folding cut points.
- Outside diameter. This value is indicated on outside products. It is taken into account when designing a building and arranging external sewerage, as the initial data for making grooves in the walls, the depth and width of the trench. As a rule, parts with a diameter of 50 mm and 100 mm are used for furnishing apartments and houses.
- Inner diameter. This indicator determines the throughput of the system. It is measured in square centimeters or millimeters.
- Wall thickness. This indicator determines the strength of the structure. It directly depends on the rigidity class of the product. The wall thickness varies between 1.8-6 mm. For internal systems The thinnest pipes are sufficient. When arranging an external highway, it is worth selecting products with maximum wall thickness to guarantee resistance to soil pressure.
When purchasing sections, you need to purchase fittings of the appropriate parameters. To avoid unwanted discrepancies in sizes, it is advisable to buy a set of parts from one manufacturer. The goods must be taken with a margin of up to 15% to account for scraps and possible errors.
Video about installing pipes of different diameters
Pipes made of plastics such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) are an alternative replacement for pipelines made of metal or concrete, that is, they are intended for laying main water supply, sewer and drainage systems. In addition, they can serve as protective boxes during cable lines for various purposes(fiber optic, telephone, etc.).
Plastic pipes. Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantages of using plastic pipes in comparison with metal and concrete (ceramic) pipes:
- Even and smooth inner surface pipes, which significantly reduces the coefficient of friction, thereby increasing their conductivity;
- Resistance to corrosive damage;
- Resistance to aggressive environments of a chemical or biological nature;
- Extended service life without special care measures. Up to 50 years - plastics and up to 20-25 years of operation - pipes made of other materials;
- Environmental Safety;
- Small specific gravity;
- Low cost;
- Simplicity and ease installation work without the need to involve special machinery and equipment (installation is carried out using a special thermal soldering iron and mechanical scissors).
We will focus our article on the so-called red pipes - PVC pipes intended for the construction of sewers, with a diameter of 110 millimeters. Separately, we note that all plastic products undergo mandatory state standardization and have appropriate certificates depending on the direction of their application.
Pipe for sewer system
Pipes for laying sewer drains have different colors(gray, black, various shades of both), but the red sewer plastic pipe 110 (160, 200, 250) mm is especially popular for home (private) communications. This is due to the fact that these products can withstand low temperatures and high soil pressure during their underground installation.
Technical description of a sewer pipe with a diameter of 110 millimeters
The technical characteristics of a 110 mm plastic sewer pipe have the following main definitions according to GOST:
- Pipe outer diameter size;
- Nominal wall thickness;
- Weathered minimum pressure in bars with different diameters and wall thicknesses.
Standard sizes of 110 mm pipes for sewerage according to manufacturing materials and GOST
Overall size for all sewer pipes made of plastic is their length. It has the following gradations: sewer plastic pipe 110 mm long 50, 100, 200 and so on up to 600 centimeters.
The maximum possible length for this type of product is 12 meters.
The diameter and wall thickness of the pipe are indicated by the manufacturer in the markings on the outer surface of the pipe and depend on the material used for its manufacture. The weight of the product depends on these parameters, taking into account the length. The diameter of plastic sewer pipes starts from 25 millimeters and, depending on the material and type of pipe (smooth, corrugated), can reach:
- For smooth pipes– 630 millimeters;
- for profiled (two-layer) – 1200 mm.
The most popular in private construction of sewerage systems are pipes with a diameter of 110-160 mm.
Calculation of the buoyancy of plastic pipes for sewer systems (110 mm)
This is not the first time we have encountered absurd questions from our users. And today the leading question is: “How to calculate the buoyancy of 110 mm plastic pipes?”
The question seems absurd for the reason that the calculation of buoyancy is carried out for pipes intended for the construction of various water structures, such as pontoon crossings, landing stages, floating breakwaters and similar structures. In this case, the minimum applicable pipe diameter starts from 300 millimeters, depending on the purpose of the construction project. Moreover, there is no need to carry out this calculation for a 110 mm plastic sewer pipe due to its size and technical structure. Simply put, a bell-shaped expansion at one of its ends.
Possible (and applicable) calculations of sewer pipes refer to their bandwidth conductive liquids and determining the laying angle when laying non-pressure sewer lines. In such cases, the following is taken into account:
- Length of the pipeline section;
- Internal and external diameter of the product;
- The thickness of its pressure walls;
- Conditions for the passage of waste liquids (fecal matter).
For calculations of this type, there are special hydraulic and mechanical tables based on GOST standards.
Example. Calculation tables for apartment building.
When using plastic pipes, the internal diameter of the pipeline is taken into account.
| Diameter of floor outlet, mm | Angle of connection of the floor outlet to the riser, degrees. | Maximum capacity of ventilated sewer riser, l/s, with its diameter, mm | |||
| 50 | 85 | 100 | 150 | ||
| 90 | 0,8 | 2,8 | 4,3 | 11,4 | |
| 50 | 60 | 1,2 | 4,3 | 6,4 | 17,0 |
| 45 | 1,4 | 4,9 | 7,4 | 19,6 | |
| 90 | — | 2,1 | — | — | |
| 85 | 60 | — | 3,2 | — | — |
| 45 | — | 3,6 | — | — | |
| 90 | — | — | 3,2 | 8,5 | |
| 100 | 60 | — | — | 4,9 | 12,8 |
| 45 | — | — | 5,5 | 14,5 | |
| 90 | — | — | — | 7,2 | |
| 150 | 60 | — | — | — | 11,0 |
| 45 | — | — | — | 12,6 | |
| Note. The diameter of the sewer riser must be at least largest diameter floor branches connected to this riser. | |||||
| Working height of the riser, m | Maximum throughput of a non-ventilated sewer riser, l/s, with its diameter, mm | |||
| 50 | 85 | 100 | 150 | |
| 1 | 1,6 | 5,3 | 6,3 | 14,0 |
| 2 | 1,0 | 3,1 | 3,7 | 8,0 |
| 3 | 0,6 | 2,0 | 2,4 | 5,4 |
| 4 | 0,5 | 1,4 | 1,8 | 3,9 |
| 5 | 0,4 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 3,0 |
| 6 | 0,4 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 2,4 |
| 7 | 0,4 | 0,7 | 0,9 | 2,0 |
| 8 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,7 | 1,6 |
| 9 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 1,4 |
| 10 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 1,2 |
| 11 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 1,0 |
| 12 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,9 |
| 13 or more | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,9 |
Cuffs for sewer pipes with a diameter of 110 millimeters or more
Plumbing rubber cuffs are designed for tightly connecting individual sewer lines and connections extending from them ( washing machine, shower cabin, toilet and so on). The following types of lip seals are distinguished:
- rod cuff;
- piston cuff;
- universal cuff.
Various rubber compounds (silicon, rubber, etc.) with the addition of polyurethane are used as manufacturing materials for these products. These compositions differ high quality its density, strength, while remaining elastic.
Can be used indoors or outdoors (installations). The dimensions of the cuffs correspond to the inner or outer diameter of the sewer pipe, depending on the type of installation of the cuff. Like the main products (pipes), they have a state certificate and standards (GOST).
When installing sewer systems, two types of pipes are used - cast iron and. The size of these products is regulated Technical Conditions(THAT). Standard size, namely the diameter, ranges from 50 to 110 mm.
There are products with larger or smaller diameters. From this article you will learn the main parameters that products made of PVC and cast iron have.
They are produced in accordance with TU 2248-022-23208482-02, which allows you to choose an option for any system.
What types of sewer pipes are there?
Today, sewer systems are made from two types of pipes: plastic and metal. Plastic can be of three varieties, from:
- PVC - polyvinyl chloride;
- PP - polypropylene;
- PET - polyethylene.
Advantages
- Resistant to chemicals such as acids, alkalis, solvents.
- Durability - they can be buried in the ground to a depth of 16 meters.
- Smooth inner surface, which prevents the formation of plaque inside.
- Light weight - the weight of one meter with a diameter of 110 mm will be only 1.5 kilograms.
Metal sewer pipes cannot boast of a large selection of materials; they are produced only from cast iron.
Advantages of cast iron pipes
- Durability - the service life of cast iron products exceeds 60 years.
- Durability - they allow you to install a riser of almost any length.
- Easy installation - the products have a socket, which simplifies installation.
Of course they are very heavy, but this is compensated by their colossal strength.
After familiarizing yourself with the properties of the two types of pipes, you can move on to their sizes.
Plastic pipe sizes
As mentioned above, plastic pipes come in three varieties: PVC, PP, PET. They differ from each other in characteristics, both basic and technical.
And only the sizes remain standard, regardless of the type. Thus, in one system it is possible to use several types from different materials.
PVC pipe size and application
PVC pipes are produced in accordance with GOST R 51613 - 2000 and VSN 48 - 96. Pressure pipelines are regulated by GOST, and non-pressure pipelines are regulated by construction standards (VSN).
In accordance with building regulations, free-flow pipes have three diameter sizes - 50 mm, 90 mm, 110 mm. The wall thickness is 3.2 mm, length 0.5 - 8 m.
Pressure ones differ significantly from their non-pressure counterparts. The number of standard sizes is 13 pieces, and the diameter varies from 63 mm to 315 mm.
However, despite such a large assortment of plastic pipes, not all are in demand. The most commonly used options are:
- Apart from the most popular options 100 and 110 mm, the 75 mm pipe is very popular. They are used as outlets from bathtubs and showers.
- Pipes with a diameter of 100 and 110 mm are used for the construction of risers and installation of external pipelines.
- 200 and 300 mm pipes are used for the installation of industrial sewerage.
PET sewer pipes
Polyethylene pipes are produced in accordance with GOST 22689.2-89 regulations, and have only 4 varieties. The diameter is 40, 50, 90 or 110 millimeters. If the pipe is made of low-density polyethylene, then its wall thickness will be only 3 mm.
Pipes made of high-pressure PET are produced with a smaller diameter, and the wall thickness is: 3 mm for pipes with a diameter of 40 - 50 mm, and 5 mm for a diameter of 90 - 110 mm. The length can vary from 2 to 9 meters, and this directly depends on the diameter of the product. The larger the diameter, the longer length segment.
Polypropylene pipe
Internal pipes made of propylene are produced in accordance with TU 4926-002-88742502-00. In accordance with these conditions, their diameter can be 50, 100 and 150 mm, and the wall thickness from 3 to 5 mm depending on the diameter. Polypropylene products are used both for risers and for outlet lines from plumbing fixtures.
There are also larger polypropylene analogs that are used for laying external drains. For example, products from the well-known brands Pragma and Korsis can have a diameter from 110 mm to 1.2 meters.
Dimensions of cast iron sewer pipes
Functionality is divided into two types:
- SMU – absent plug connection, i.e. both ends are smooth;
- SME - equipped with a bell at one end, smooth at the other.
Size is characterized internal diameter, for example: marking DN 100 means that the diameter inside is 100 mm, and outside it will be 110 mm. Standard markings cast iron pipes - from DN 50 to DN 400. Pipes without sockets, with smooth ends, have increased strength and are produced in lengths of 3 m, and ordinary split ones can be from 15 cm or more.
The wall thickness of cast iron pipes is practically no different from plastic pipes and is 4 - 5 mm. But despite the same dimensions - length, diameter and wall thickness, mass of metal and plastic products differs significantly. So for example 1 meter cast iron pipe with a diameter of 100 mm weighs 14 kg, and a plastic analogue of the same dimensions will have a mass of no more than 1.5 kg.
In the table below, you can see the recommended diameters of plastic pipes for carrying out or. All data provided are advisory in nature and may change up or down, depending on the technical characteristics of plumbing fixtures or sewer system.
So, today it has become much easier to install a sewer system; the main thing is to purchase pipes and components strictly in accordance with the design parameters.
Video: Dimensions of sewer pipes
The use of polymer pipes to create sewerage systems is due to several factors. They are easy to install and have good operational properties, inexpensive.
A large selection of manufacturers and types of these pipes implies at least minimal knowledge of their characteristics. PVC is one of the most popular types of material for sewer pipes.
The scope of application of PVC pipes is determined by their physical properties. First you need to know the nature of the origin of this material.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) belongs to a group of thermoplastics that, after heat treatment retain their shape even under mechanical stress.
Polyvinyl chloride contains ethylene and stabilized chlorine. Additional additives are also used for production to improve mechanical and thermal properties.
Pipes made of this material are intended for the implementation of sewerage systems.
They are divided into the following types:
- For internal sewerage;
- for external sewerage;
Photo: external sewerage - for pressure systems;
Photo: pressure sewer system - for gravity drainage of wastewater.
Photo: wastewater discharge This classification can be applied to those pipe models whose production material has been processed accordingly.
Currently, there are 2 types of PVC pipes:
- PVC polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
- unplasticized polyvinyl chloride PVC-U (PVC-U).
In most cases, PVC-U pipes are used, as they have the best technical characteristics and can be used for pressure sewer systems.
Specifications
The performance properties of PVC pipes are determined according to their technical characteristics.
There are several fundamental parameters that are unique to this material:
- high mechanical strength. When using 3-layer manufacturing technology and external corrugation, PVC pipes can be installed in external sewerage systems at a depth of up to 8 m;
- resistance to aggressive environments. This applies to a greater extent to PVC-U, since this is the material used for transportation chemical liquids and gases;
- the smooth internal surface ensures the free passage of solid elements included in fecal water;
- The maximum internal pressure values depend on the wall thickness and pipe design. They can withstand from 6 to 16 bar;
- Temperature restrictions are the main drawback of these pipes. The maximum ambient temperature is +65°C and the minimum -10°C. In some models, short-term exposure to +90°C is allowed;
- specific gravity is about 2 kg/m.p., but can vary depending on the diameter and wall thickness;
- maximum tensile strength – 50 MPa;
- service life – up to 50 years.
These parameters may vary depending on the quality of production and type of pipe construction.
Pipe sizes
When choosing pipes for laying a sewer line, you should pay attention to their structure and dimensions. The latter will directly affect the sewerage parameters - throughput and mechanical strength.
Also, the length of the pipes can significantly affect the cost of the entire sewer system - minimizing waste when using optimal sizes length.
Pipe diameters
An important characteristic of PVC pipes is their diameter. will be correct if the diameters are selected according to the technical characteristics of the system.
When choosing, you should take into account a certain classification of this indicator.
Photo: types of pipe diameters Inner diameter
It is fundamental when calculating pipeline capacity. It is measured taking into account the maximum distance between the inner plane of the pipe.
The outer diameter depends on the wall thickness and its size is necessary for choosing mounting and insulating materials. When designating pipes, only the outer diameter is indicated.
Maximum and minimum dimensions diameters depend on the type of sewer - external or internal.
The dimensions of the pipes, depending on the type of plumbing fixture connected, are shown in the table:
Photo: recommended pipe diameters for internal sewerage As for external sewerage, the size is not regulated. But there are clear recommendations that the diameter of the outlet pipe from the house should not be less than the external main.
For private houses, it is possible to install pipes with a diameter from 110 mm to 250 mm. In systems with heavy loads, structures up to 400 mm can be used.
Wall thickness
The thickness of the pipe walls varies depending on their stiffness class. This parameter is necessary to determine the degree of protection from external mechanical influence.
For internal sewerage, the thickness is not standardized, but for gravity systems it should not be less than 1.8 mm.
Pipes for external gasket have more stringent operating conditions and therefore for them there is a strict correspondence between the diameter and the wall thickness;
- SN2 light – wall size starts from 2.2 mm (diameter 50 mm) and up to 5.9 mm. The burial depth for these pipes is no more than 4 m;
- SN4 medium – the wall can be from 3 to 7.7 mm. Installation depth – up to 6 m;
- SN8 is heavy - thickness starts from 3.2 to 9.2. Maximum installation depth is 8 m.
Important! It is worth noting that the choice of pipes for external sewerage should be based precisely on the wall thickness, and not on the outer diameter. Even for the light class you can find a pipe with a diameter of 500 mm, but with a very thin wall (3.2 m).
Difference from other polymer pipes
Polyvinyl chloride is not the only polymer material used to make sewer pipes.
In addition to it, the following compositions are also used:
Polyethylene PE
This material differs from the usual transparent film. For the production of pipes, so-called cross-linked polyethylene is used. It has increased resistance to UV radiation and can withstand heavy loads.
Distinctive indicators:
- the upper threshold of liquid temperature has been increased to 95°C;
- installation is possible only by soldering;
- pipes can be used for both sewerage and water supply. Including hot water supply.
Polypropylene PP
A popular material for the production of external sewerage pipes. Its properties are almost completely similar to polyethylene, but it is more rigid.
Differences from PVC:
- labor-intensive to process. To cut a certain length, special equipment is required;
- connection to each other only by soldering. For some types of operation, an adhesive coupling connection is permitted.
The table shows the main physical indicators polymer pipes from various materials:
Photo: main physical indicators of polymer pipes made of various materials Advantages
PVC pipes have a number of advantages, which determine their popularity as the main material for laying sewers:
- relatively low cost. Due to low production costs, their price is currently the most affordable compared to pipes made from other materials;
- ease of installation. The connection occurs using a socket method, which does not require the use of special equipment. Due to this factor, the dismantling procedure is simplified;
- large selection of connecting and branching elements. This simplifies the design of pipelines with complex configurations;
- corrosion resistance. This factor is a consequence of 2 physical properties of PVC pipes - a smooth internal surface and resistance to aggressive environments;
- lack of electrical conductivity. PVC is a dielectric, so there is no need to install grounding.
Classification
PVC pipes are classified according to several criteria - maximum load and performance indicators.
Hardness index:
- N – ring stiffness can reach up to 4 kN/m²;
- S – the same parameter has a maximum value of 8 kN/m².
By performance characteristics The following gradation has been developed, which is possessed by:
- SN-2, SDR51 series S25 - their structure is not designed for external influences. Can be used for external installation with a very low pressure coefficient on the surface;
- SN-4, SDR41 series S20 – can be installed under roads with low traffic and with vehicle weight restrictions;
- SN-8, SDR34 series S16.7 - the toughest class of PVC pipes. Able to withstand high and long-term pressure on the surface. They are used for laying highways with large internal and external loads.
Internal pipes
When designing internal sewerage, in most cases special gray PVC pipes are used.
Photo: pipes for internal sewerage In terms of hardness they belong to the light class and cannot be used for outdoor work.
All pipes of this type have the following characteristics:
- smooth-walled;
- type of connection - socket;
- the most popular diameters are 32, 40, 50 and 110 mm;
- The pipe length can be from 315 to 3000 mm.
Because of good performance rigidity, these pipes are ideal as risers for private houses. For installation complex systems sewers are used special knees, tees and adapters.
External pipes
For external sewerage, it is necessary to use special PVC pipes. They must correspond to their stiffness class and have the required wall thickness.
Depending on the type of structure, they can be:
- smooth-walled or single-layer. Outwardly, they are similar to pipes for internal sewerage, but differ in geometric parameters and color (orange, yellow);
Photo: smooth-walled or single-layer PVC pipes The table shows the main geometric and specifications smooth-walled pipes.
Photo: basic geometric and technical characteristics of smooth-walled pipes - corrugated or three-layer. Manufactured by extrusion. Moreover, PVC-U corrugation is used as a protective layer, which has good mechanical strength. The inner soft PVC layer ensures low friction during the passage of wastewater.
Photo: corrugated or three-layer PVC pipes For external sewerage, the above pipes with a diameter of 110 to 630 mm are used.
Pressure
PVC pressure pipes are used in sewerage systems with forced removal of wastewater using pumping equipment.
Due to the relatively high pressure on the internal walls, special requirements are imposed on them in terms of thickness and the method of their connection.
Photo: PVC pressure pipes Currently, three types of pressure pipes are produced, which are characterized by different maximum internal pressure indicators - 0.6, 1 and 1.25 MPa.
In addition, they are divided according to the method of connecting to each other:
- glue method. The connection occurs using special fittings and glue. When cutting, it is necessary to remove the chamfer. Process the edges, apply a layer of glue and secure the connection using clamps;
- trumpet. Installation occurs by installing the socket end into a straight section of pipe. They are pre-treated with silicone grease.
Important! When installing pressure sewer systems, attention should be paid to the tightness and strength of the connecting elements.
Gravity
Gravity pipes are used for installing a gravity sewer system, i.e. in this case, the wastewater is removed under the influence of gravity.
For such sewerage, you can use standard pipes with socket connection. But it is important to take into account the possible external load (external sewerage) and the angle of inclination of the pipeline.
Prices
The cost directly depends on the manufacturer, the diameter of the pipes, the method of their manufacture and application - for external or internal sewerage. Table 4 shows indicative prices on the main types of PVC pipes.
| Size, mm | Application, external internal | Price, rub/m.p. |
| 50 | Internal | 60 |
| 110 | Internal | 120 |
| 110SN4 | External | 165 |
| 160SN4 | External | 280 |
| 200SN4 | External | 445 |
| 250SN4 | External | 730 |
The optimal choice for a sewer system should take into account the manufacturer’s reputation and system parameters, which will determine the required characteristics of the pipelines.
Video: installing PVC pipes on a sewer using Griffon glue
