How to properly fill a roof. How to fill a garage roof with various materials

Concrete roofs are flat structures that are economical, durable, and frost-resistant. They can last for decades. Concrete roofs are often used for the construction of garages, because housing for a car must be warm, spacious, and most importantly, dry. To ensure that the roof does not succumb to precipitation and does not allow moisture to pass through, roof waterproofing is used.

How to decide on the type of roof?

Before starting work on arranging the roof, choose its shape, which determines the complexity of installation and convenience further exploitation. Concrete coating for a garage can be:

horizontal;
oblique.

Gable roofs are rarely filled with concrete mortar, as this is quite difficult to do. Due to the installation of a gable roof, which consists of two surfaces located at an angle to each other, the concrete will flow down during the laying process. It will not be possible to create a uniform layer with the same thickness along the entire perimeter of the surface. In this case, to form a gable roof, a frame structure is used that can be moved. But it’s not so easy to make either. The construction of a gable roof will require a significant amount of time, which will increase labor costs many times over. Much faster to set up gable roof from other roofing materials, then the installation process will consist of the following stages:

installation of load-bearing beams;
installation of lathing;
laying roofing material.

Used for roof equipment. They are heavy and therefore require auxiliary equipment. Also when laying reinforced concrete slabs it is necessary to waterproof the resulting joints. The complexity of installing such coverings is not always justified, so they often lean toward horizontal roofs. Their construction is similar to conventional concrete screed. But it is worth remembering that when working with concrete, it is important to quickly deliver the mixture to the site where the construction will take place.

Preparation of tools and materials

Before the pouring stage, the necessary tools are prepared:

When laying concrete, you cannot do without such materials as:

fittings;
metal beams that are designed to strengthen load-bearing elements the buildings;
boards;
concrete solution;
roofing felt

Stages of creating a roof

Concrete roofing of roof surfaces is carried out in the following stages:

Lay the boards on the lower tier of the planks and cover them with a layer of roofing material or a metal sheet.
If necessary, install supports that will ensure the structure’s reliability and support the weight of the roof. The supports are attached in increments of 50 square centimeters.
When erecting a structure, pay attention to the joints; they should fit tightly to each other. If you miss this moment, then when laying the mortar, concrete milk will appear through the cracks, which is responsible for the strength of the concrete coating.

Preparation of formwork

They're starting construction works for the manufacture of the roof with the installation of formwork, which will ensure the evenness and strength of the concrete surface. Formwork can be:

wooden;
metal;
reinforced concrete;
reinforced cement.

Installation of formwork:

Lay the boards on the lower beams and lay roofing felt on them without allowing any gaps. It is necessary to place the boards as closely as possible to each other to avoid gaps between them. Possible gaps will lead to leakage of concrete milk, which affects the strength of the structure.
Next, reinforcement is installed in the direction of the beams and across them. The reinforcement to be laid is fixed with wire, which will ensure strength when filled with concrete mortar.
At the last stage, add a layer of crushed stone under the reinforcement, which will level the surface and reduce consumption concrete mortar.

Before installing the formwork, it is pre-lubricated with oils or lubricants, which reduce the adhesion of concrete to the formwork and facilitate easy removal of the structure after the concrete solution has dried.

Reinforcement

The reinforcing mesh is mounted along and across the beams, while ensuring the uniformity of the cells, which should be twenty by twenty centimeters. If it is necessary to weld the reinforcing mesh, welding work is performed on the ground, then the structure is raised to the roof. Fix the reinforcement together and start knitting it directly on the roof.

To reduce the concrete mortar used, crushed stone is laid under the reinforcing mesh. The layer of crushed stone should be of the same thickness to give an even surface. When installing the reinforcement, watch the edge between the frame and the mesh - it should be four centimeters. If you neglect this point, it will worsen appearance roofs due to uneven laying of concrete mortar and resulting corrosion.

For many years now, a concrete roof has been the most popular solution when it comes to flat design. This technology is mainly used for garages, but sometimes it is preferred in residential construction. Next we will tell you how to do it.

Creating a roof

Our instructions will review the construction flat roof, however, it is possible to make a gable one. Let's look at all the processes step by step to make them easier to understand.

We prepare materials and tools

Before you pour concrete on your garage roof, you need to prepare a set of tools.

If you don’t want to spend a lot and want to do everything yourself, then you will need to take the following:

Rule. With its help, the solution is leveled over the surface.
Tamping. It allows you to remove bubbles as well.

Important! Buy a tamper that weighs at least two kilograms.

Large brush.
Steel rod.

Today in stores you can find professional tools that significantly speed up your work. Its price, of course, is much higher, but it's worth it.

You will need this set:

Vibrating screed (it replaces the rule).
Trowel (instead of tamper).
Construction probe.

In any case, you will need tools to work with the mixture:

Construction mixer.
Mesh (for sifting sand).
Several shovels (depending on the number of workers).
Containers.

You have prepared the tools.

Now it’s time to stock up on all the necessary materials:

Metal beams for strengthening load-bearing structures. The thickness depends on the length of the span, so it is better to consult with a sales consultant.
High grade concrete (not lower than 250) or ready-made mixture.
Reinforcement with a cross-section of at least 1 cm.
Boards.
Ruberoid or sheet of steel.

Preparing the formwork

In order for the roof for houses made of aerated concrete to be smooth and strong, the first step is to build formwork and install a reinforcing layer in it.

This is done as follows:

Cover the bottom flanges of the beams with boards. We lay a layer of roofing material on them. In this case, cracks should not be allowed to appear, because the solution will begin to flow through them, which will affect the strength of the structure.
Then we lay reinforcement along and across the beams. In this case, the resulting cells should be no more than 20x20 cm. The reinforcement must be tied with wire so that it does not come apart during pouring.
Next, we place crushed stone under the reinforcement network.. This will allow you to get an even coating. In addition, this measure reduces mixture consumption.

If a concrete cover with a hatch is assumed, then an additional layer of reinforcement must be installed in the places where it is installed.

Pouring concrete

Now it's time for the most important part. In fact, this is a simple procedure that only requires a lot of physical strength.

Remember a few simple rules when laying the solution:

The mixture is laid in strips, and you can navigate along the beams.
In this case, it is advisable to make the layer thickness at least 15 cm, because only in this case will the required structural strength be achieved.
To ensure proportional drying, the solution must be laid out continuously.
Make sure that the reinforcing layer does not begin to shift. However, if you securely fasten it, this will not happen.
Lubricate the inner walls of the formwork with some kind of lubricant (for example, machine oil). This will allow you to remove it without problems in the future.

In general, the filling procedure is carried out in the following sequence:

Pour the mixture in even portions.
We level it using a rule (or a vibrating screed).
Next we compact it with a tamper.

Tip: if there are too large bubbles, they will need to be pierced with a probe (rod).

You also need to knock on the formwork from time to time. This will allow the solution to lie as evenly as possible.
In general, they are compacted until the surface acquires a shine as a result of the release of moisture. Remember that without this the monolith will not turn out to be of high quality.
A well-laid mortar is leveled first with a shovel and then with a construction trowel.
Now carefully evaluate your work - do not allow cracks or crevices to appear. If they do appear, then moisten them generously with water and pour them on top of the cement. Then you need to rub the mixture paint brush until the surface is perfectly flat.

Let's dry

The lion's share of builders, after pouring, simply cover the surface with film and leave it to dry for some time. However, such a measure is not sufficiently effective.

To ensure maximum strength, special “drying” should be done:

We cover the roof with some loose material (for example, sawdust).
Wet the surface thoroughly. For the first three days, this procedure should be performed every 4 hours.
After that, you need to moisten it three times a day for a week.
After spilling the roof, cover it with film (this is done every time).

After 10 days, the structure will be completely ready and the formwork can be safely removed. If necessary, reinforced concrete can be cut with diamond wheels (for example, if it is necessary to make a recess).

Finishing work

Do not forget that precipitation may cause serious damage to any material. For this reason, waterproofing a concrete roof is a mandatory procedure.

It is done quite simply:

During construction, we make a screed with a slope on the desired side. This part will need to be made of special concrete, which is completely impermeable to moisture.
After complete drying, apply special mastics. They can be bitumen-based or polyurethane.
It is better to apply them with a spray. However, in its absence, you can use a brush or roller.
After some time, a film forms on the surface, which will protect the floors from moisture for many years.

However, do not forget that before covering the concrete garage roof with any substance, it must be cleaned of dirt and dust. Otherwise, it will not be as effective as possible.

Conclusion

This is where we will finish our story, but before that we will give you the opportunity to supplement the acquired knowledge. In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic. Viewing it will allow you to comprehend all the intricacies of the procedure we described ().

The garage is a sacred place for every responsible motorist, where the “war horse” is stored and maintained, as well as a warehouse for those who do not have all their belongings at home. Although this building is not considered residential, the current roof of the garage can become big problem for its owner. Roof leaks occur due to damage to the surface of the roofing material. In this article, we'll talk about what you need to do to protect your garage roof from leaks using affordable and easy-to-use materials.

When the garage roof leaks, the rafter frame and wall trim suffer from mold and mildew. Leaks occur due to defects on the surface of the coating through which precipitation penetrates. Most often, the garage roof is made from inexpensive or low-quality materials without the involvement of professional roofers, so the cause of leaks may be a violation of the roofing technology. The same defect is caused by the following damage:

Cracks. Cheap roll roofing, from which the garage roof is made, under the influence of temperature changes, becomes covered with cracks where moisture seeps in.
Mechanical damage. Soft roofing is damaged by falling branches, stones and debris on the roof surface, as it becomes damaged when the temperature rises.
Disruptions of the canvas. Strong gusts of wind tear off roofing material, leaving the garage roof vulnerable to precipitation.
Fungus and mold. Harmful microflora softens the surface of the roofing material and can make it vulnerable to leaks.

Important! Many owner own garages wondering what to do to prevent roof leaks. It is quite possible to cope with this problem on your own without much effort. financial investments. The main thing is to identify the problem in a timely manner and not put off repairs indefinitely.

Methods for eliminating leaks

When deciding what to do when a garage roof leaks, it is important to correctly estimate the volume roofing works. To do this, you need to carefully inspect the roof surface and identify any existing defects. The technology for restoring the roofing sheet depends on the area of damage. Depending on the volume of defects, you can do the following:

Spot repairs. If the area of damage does not exceed 10%, then spot repair, eliminating minor defects (cracks, holes, mechanical damage). This damage can be filled with bitumen or covered with patches.
Maintenance. To restore a roofing sheet with an area of damage of 15-20%, current repairs are carried out with partial replacement waterproofing material. To do this, you need to remove the top, worn layer of the roof and cover it with a new one.
Major renovation. If the amount of damage exceeds 40%, then a major repair is performed. It consists of completely dismantling the old coating and laying a new one. This is the most expensive type of repair, which is recommended to be done once every 10-15 years, depending on the quality of the roofing material.

Remember that regular maintenance and prompt elimination of minor defects are the key to a long service life for your garage roof. If you perform an annual preventive inspection of the roofing sheet, you can save a lot of money on major roof restoration.

Sealing small cracks

If during the inspection it was revealed that the cause of the leaking garage roof are small cracks that appear on the surface of the roofing material due to temperature changes, then they can be repaired with bitumen. To do this, use solid bitumen, which needs to be melted, or ready-made liquid bitumen, supplied immediately to finished form. The technology for sealing cracks is as follows:

The surface of the soft roll roofing is cleaned of debris and dust.
From roofing felt using sandpaper or a grinder with grinding disc Carefully remove the armor coating that interferes with the sealing of the crack.
The surface of the roofing material is degreased using gasoline, alcohol or acetone.
The crack must be carefully filled with molten bitumen or cold bitumen mastic.
After the bitumen has dried on the surface, the procedure is repeated 1-2 more times to level the surface of the roofing.
To protect the roof surface from mechanical damage, until the mastic has dried, you can sprinkle it with quartz sand or small stone chips.

Please note that when sealing cracks it is more convenient to use cold bitumen. Hot bitumen mastic requires careful handling and quick work, while cold bitumen mastic is sold in ready-made form, so it is easier to use. To seal small cracks, 1 can of liquid roofing material is enough.

Restoring canvas using patches

Another simple and inexpensive way to fix garage roof leaks is with roofing felt patches. It is suitable for minor damage to the fabric, localized in different areas roofs. Required for patch repairs roofing felt with coarse-grained or scaly topping, bitumen mastic, knife, varnish and sandpaper. The technology for restoring a roof using this method consists of the following steps:

Roof cleaning. Surface roof slopes thoroughly cleaned of dust, debris and dirt.
Preparation. The surface to be repaired is freed from the armor coating to improve adhesion between the layers, degreased and dried with a construction hairdryer.
Cutting patches. Patches are cut out of a roll of roofing felt, the size of which is 1.5-2 times larger than the area of damage. In order for the patches to straighten, you need to leave them on a flat surface for 1-3 hours.
The area to be repaired must be filled with bitumen to create a film that improves the adhesion of the patch.
The lower surface of the roofing felt patches is heated gas burner, and then pressed tightly to the roof surface.
The patch is top coated with 1-2 layers of kukersol varnish or the same bitumen mastic to enhance waterproofing.

Note! To make patches, it is recommended to use roofing material with a density of at least 400 g/m2. It is more convenient to patch the roofing sheet using self-adhesive material. Laying of built-up roofing material is carried out only at temperatures of +5 degrees and above.

If the garage roof is damaged quite severely, then the roof is restored with partial replacement of the roofing material. In some cases, installation of a new coating can be done without dismantling the old one. However, if there are swellings and bubbles on the roof surface, then you first need to remove the top layers of rolled roofing material, under which moisture has accumulated. In order to properly cover the slope with a new layer of roofing felt to eliminate leakage, you must:

Remove the old covering. 1-2 layers of worn roofing material are dismantled, the surface of which has a lot of swelling and damage.
If there are swellings on the roof surface, they must be cut crosswise with a knife, the moisture squeezed out, and then left to dry.
A layer of topping is removed from the roof surface. Since the amount of work is quite large, grinding is easier to do with a grinder with a special attachment. However, you need to act carefully so as not to rub the roofing material into holes.
The coating from which the topping has been removed is primed with bitumen mastic to create a sticky film that improves the adhesion of the new layer. Ruberoid.
After a few hours, when the mastic has set a little, you can begin laying a new layer of roofing material. Installation of roofing felt is carried out with the strips overlapping each other by 10-15 cm. The bottom layer of low-melting bitumen material is heated with a burner and then pressed with a roller on top of the old coating.
The second layer is spaced apart from the first so that the joints on them do not coincide.

Experienced craftsmen say that garage roof repairs should be carried out in dry, windless weather at temperatures of +5 degrees and above. To avoid injury, you need to work in compliance with safety regulations and use insurance.

Video instruction

Filling a roof screed with concrete is not possible for every type of building. Garage roofs can be either inclined or horizontal.

IMPORTANT! Sloping roofs guarantee effective disposal from precipitation, but it is not recommended to use heavy materials to cover them (for example, concrete screed), because the pressure on the supports increases.

In this case, the greater the angle of inclination, the higher the pressure exerted. In addition, when installing a screed on a sloping roof, certain difficulties may arise. For this reason cement screed Most often they are installed on horizontal roofs of brick or reinforced concrete garages.

Preliminary stages of roofing a garage

Compliance with the sequence of work recommended by experts is the key to the quality of the installation of a flat garage roof. At the same time, we should not forget that the composition of the screed will directly depend on the type finishing and differences in elevation.

Before screeding the garage roof, you need to assess the scale of the upcoming preparatory work. After all, the quality of the finished coating will depend on their quality:

Preparation of the solution

After everything has been done preparatory work, you can start preparing the screed solution.

The screed usually includes the following components:

Cement, which is the basis of the screed. The strength and other operational parameters of the surface depend on the quality of this component.
Sand acting as fine aggregate.
Fiber fiber. The use of this component increases the strength of the screed, reducing the level of plastic shrinkage of cement. Experts recommend using polypropylene fiber fiber, which reduces the likelihood of cracks to a minimum.
Plasticizers that increase the plasticity of the solution, while reducing the volume of water required for screeding.

The ideal option for preparing a solution is considered to be ready-made dry mixtures, which already contain all the necessary components. All that remains is to dilute it with water and you can fill the screed.

How to make a concrete pour correctly?

It will take about three weeks for the screed to harden completely.. After this period, the roof is ready. But if you wish, you can make additional waterproofing to be sure that the room will not get wet.

Laying an additional waterproofing layer

To equip the waterproofing layer of the finished screed, you can use roofing felt.

The procedure is carried out in the following sequence:

Bitumen mastic is applied to the surface. You can buy it in a store or make it yourself. At self-production For bitumen mastic, it is recommended to use diesel fuel or used machine oil.
Roofing material is laid on the bitumen mixture and pressed down.

If there are no financial problems and the budget for repairing the garage roof is dimensionless, then homemade bitumen mastic with roofing felt can be replaced with a modern waterproofing membrane.

Conclusion

If you follow the screed manufacturing technology, and also use building materials that are low cost, you can make a fairly durable garage roof.

Violation of the integrity of the garage roofing sooner or later results in leaks, serious destruction of the roofing materials, and the appearance of dampness and mold inside the room. Ultimately, the car and other property stored in the garage may be damaged. To repair the garage roof with your own hands desired result, it is necessary to choose the optimal technology of work.

Preparing for garage roof repair

On preparatory stage You should carefully inspect the roof surface. Based on the type of damage, the following measures are taken::

local repairs (individual damage is eliminated);
restoration of the coating (filling numerous small cracks over the entire surface area with bituminous material or laying a new outer layer);
major repairs (replacement of everything) roofing pie with him high degree wear).

Before the beginning repair work It is important to thoroughly clean the roof surface from debris and dirt and dry it well. Roof repair work should be planned for days when the weather is dry, warm, but not hot.

Local garage roof repair

Local damage to the roofing carpet of flat garage roofs includes:

individual cracks;
swelling of the coating;
ruptures on the surface of the coating;
peeling at seams, etc.

Damaged areas must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and dried. For this purpose, the places of ruptures are opened with a cross-shaped incision (“envelope”), the cracks expand. Small damaged areas can also be cut out with an ax, making a rectangular “window” to a depth of 3-4 layers of roofing carpet.

For local repairs of roofing material made of roofing felt or built-up materials, bitumen is used, which requires heating, or ready-made cold mastic, as well as a material similar to the top layer of the coating.

Cold bitumen mastic for local repairs is most suitable for sealing deep cracks and minor damage. It can also be used to apply patches. Heated bitumen resin is used to fill any damaged areas, including cracks and cut-out “windows”, and it is important to ensure that the resin penetrates into the furthest and most inaccessible areas.

To repair the damaged area opened by the “envelope”, it is necessary to use patches. The first of them is cut to the size of the “envelope” and placed inside on a base well coated with bitumen. The bent edges of the coating must also be thoroughly coated with bitumen and pressed tightly to the surface. The external patch should extend beyond the edges of the repaired area by 150-200 mm. It is laid on a layer of bitumen mastic or heated resin and smoothed tightly.

Blisters in the outer covering need to be cut, air released, coated with mastic and pressed tightly. Seams that have lost their tightness are cleaned of old mastic, dried, and re-glued using bitumen material.

If the surface of the repaired area is covered with bitumen, it is recommended to pour a layer of sand on top to protect the bituminous material from ultraviolet radiation. UV radiation makes bitumen brittle, which shortens the lifespan of the repaired roof.

Garage resurfacing

A flat garage roof covered with affordable roofing felt requires regular inspection even if there are no leaks. This material Over time, it ages and may become covered with a network of shallow cracks. To prevent more serious damage, it is necessary to create a high-quality waterproofing upper layer roofing carpet.

To extend the life of the roofing carpet for several years without significant financial costs, it is recommended to seal cracks using bitumen resin. The technology of the work is quite simple: heated resin is poured onto the roof surface and leveled using suitable tools. Bituminous material fills microcracks and creates a waterproof coating.

A more durable and functional coating can be created using bitumen mastic intended for cold application. This material is purified petroleum bitumen with various additives that help increase the strength and elasticity of the material, reduce fragility, and ensure the coating’s resistance to temperature changes.

Such insulating material will reliably protect the roof from moisture and subsequent biological destruction of the lining layers of the roofing carpet. When repairing with mastic, the surface must be clean and dry. The cold applied working composition is leveled using a brush or spatula. The mastic layer, after drying, turns into a strong, durable coating, completely impermeable to moisture.

Laying the outer covering

If the roofing carpet is in reasonably good condition, but the outer layer has suffered serious wear and tear, quality repairs it is enough to lay a new external flooring. It is first necessary to eliminate all existing local damage by filling gaps and cracks with bitumen mastic, removing swelling. It is important to thoroughly clean the surface, removing old mastic and dirt, and also dry the coating thoroughly.

Classic roofing material or fused roofing material can be used as an external covering. It is much easier to repair a garage roof or other roll-on welded material since it does not require the use of molten resin, but in this case the financial costs of repairs are noticeably higher.

Laying roofing felt on the garage roof

Installation of roofing felt is carried out on a layer of tar (molten bitumen). The resin needs to be heated over an open fire in a tin bucket until it reaches the consistency of thick sour cream. The rolled material must be rolled out at least a day before installation so that it can straighten out - this will simplify installation and significantly reduce the likelihood of air bubbles.

Sections of the roof are covered with resin as the work on laying the panels progresses roll material. The roofing felt strips must be installed with an overlap of 100-150 mm, carefully coating the joint with resin.

During the installation process, air bubbles may appear under the already installed coating. In these places you need to make a cut with a knife, press the material tightly to the base, and then coat the cut area well with bitumen. Using roofing felt, you can create a high-quality waterproof sheet that can reliably protect your garage. If the covering is installed on top of an old roofing pie, it is enough to lay it in one layer.

Installation of overlay coating

The coating made of welded roll roofing is laid using a gas burner. On the back side of the material there is a special layer of oxidized bitumen. When heated, it quickly and efficiently adheres to the prepared base.

At the beginning of work, you should carefully roll out the roll to 500-600 mm. The reverse side should be heated using a gas burner, and then press the material to the surface with a T-shaped stick. Next, the roll is rolled out another half meter and the operation is repeated. The next strip is mounted with an overlap of 70-80 mm over the first.

The weak point of a garage roof is the connections between the roof and its neighbors. It is at these joints that material delamination, cracks and ruptures primarily occur. During repairs Special attention should be given to these edges of the coating.

Major garage roof repairs

At major renovation roofing from the garage roof, it is necessary to completely remove the old roofing carpet. The base of the roof is cleared of debris and, if necessary, leveled with a screed. The roofing carpet of a flat garage roof should consist of five layers made of rolled materials.

The lining layers are mounted from uncoated material (lining roofing felt, glassine) - with its outside There is no protective coating, which ensures the most dense and reliable adhesion of the layers.

To install the top layer, it is mandatory to use a covering material equipped with an outer layer of refractory bitumen with a coating that provides protection from mechanical damage and ultraviolet radiation. The topping can be coarse-grained, fine-grained or dusty.

The technology for installing roofing carpet is selected based on the characteristics of the materials used. This can be laid on molten bitumen or using a gas burner. It is important to install the covering strips of the upper layers with a shift relative to the lower one so that the joints do not coincide - this guarantees the creation of a reliable waterproof roof covering.

Before installing the roofing carpet, the base of the garage roof must be treated with tar, heated bitumen, or a mixture of both. This will ensure high adhesion of the roofing material and increase the reliability of the coating.

You can repair a garage roof alone, but it is recommended to work with a partner, especially when it comes to laying roofing felt on tar. In addition, safety rules must be observed, since:

an open flame is used to prepare the resin and when working with a gas burner;
work is carried out at a height of about two meters - a fall from it is fraught with fractures, including life-threatening ones.

To renovated roof covering served for as long as possible, it is important to strictly follow the work technology and use quality materials.