How to make steps from concrete. Monolithic concrete staircase in a private house with your own hands How to make a monolithic concrete staircase in a cottage

Not a single residential or industrial building is conceivable without such structural element like a staircase. A series of steps serves as a communication point between rooms located at different levels. She experiences considerable stress every day. Therefore, increased demands are placed on it in terms of comfort, reliability and safety. This article will talk about how to make a concrete staircase with your own hands.

Reinforced monolithic concrete stairs

Staircase structures can be rectangular, rotary or spiral. But regardless of the type, the concrete architectural element has the following advantages.
Resistance to moisture, temperature fluctuations and aggressive environments. Therefore, such structures are erected when interior design indoors and outdoors.
High strength is achieved through reinforcement concrete mixture. The steps can withstand very impressive loads, which makes them incredibly reliable and practically durable.

Monolithic concrete stairs photo

Concrete stairs provide ample opportunities regarding decorative finishing. Here you can use porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles, wooden planks (parquet, laminate) and other materials.
No steps required special care and regular impregnation. If a defect occurs on the surface, it is enough to re-fill the area to be restored with concrete.
Construction of the structure is underway on our own without the use of special or expensive building materials, as well as without the involvement of special equipment and specialists.
Filled steps are ready for use within 7-10 days. This allows you to use them at all stages of construction, carry tools, materials, etc.
Since the staircase is erected simultaneously with the construction of the house, in addition to its direct purpose, it plays another role - constructive.
Among the disadvantages are its impressive weight, massiveness (takes up a lot of space) and solidity - the staircase cannot be dismantled, rearranged or modified.

Concrete grade for staircase structures

For the manufacture of concrete stairs it is usually used ready solution M200 class B15 or M250 class B20. This material is based on fine crushed stone, with the addition of binders, modified additives and other fillers.
When choosing concrete for the construction of external stairs, it is important to pay attention to the frost resistance (F) and water resistance (W) indicators.

For kneading concrete mortar Brand 250 uses the following proportions on its own:

1 part concrete M400;
2 parts washed sand;
4 parts of crushed stone fraction 10x20 mm;
about ½ part water;
0.7% by weight of cement plasticizing additive C-3.

Mixing the mortar the old fashioned way, using a pallet and a shovel, is incredibly difficult, especially since filling the steps must be done in one go. Therefore, it is recommended to borrow a compact concrete mixer from your neighbors or rent it from construction crews.

First, sand and crushed stone are poured into the device, bulk materials stir for at least 2-3 minutes. Then a plasticizer (in dry or concentrated form) and water are added. All components are mixed for at least 5 minutes.

Important! Poor mixing of all components reduces the final strength of concrete by 20%.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands

Staircase design

If work on the construction of a staircase is carried out independently (without the involvement of specialists), then the project on paper is drawn up on its own. The plan calculates the dimensions of the room, the slope of the structure, its length and width, and also takes into account the presence doorways, method and direction of door opening.
The construction of a concrete staircase requires special attention angle of inclination. The optimal value of this parameter is in the range of 26-37º. A staircase that is too steep can be life-threatening, while a staircase that is shallower can take a lot of time. usable area, and it is not particularly comfortable when ascending/descending.

When developing a project, you must act consistently. First, the number of steps is calculated, then their length, width, angle of rotation, platform parameters, etc. Only when the right approach we can talk about the safety and convenience of the design.

Calculation of stage parameters

In addition to strength characteristics, such a design must meet operational characteristics. The selected parameters should be as comfortable as possible when ascending or descending while maintaining evenness of step.
As for the width, it can vary from 0.9 to 1.5 meters. Undoubtedly, the wider the staircase, the more convenient it is, but the area of the room does not always allow the construction of structures of the preferred size. Therefore, when designing, we take into account not only comfort, but also free squaring.

There are average indicators of stages that determine ease of use:

height 190-220 mm;
width 250-330 mm.

For correct calculation parameters, a simple formula is used: 2a+b=640, where: a - step height; b - step width; 640 mm is the average length of a human step.
Substituting the average data, we get: 2x190+280=660. As you can see from the example, the selected dimensions fully correspond to comfortable performance characteristics.
Using the Pythagorean theorem, we calculate the length of the march. Here it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the decorative flooring. The result obtained is divided by the height of one step. For example: 3000/190=15.8, which means there are 16 steps for a 3-meter long flight.
If during the calculations the tenth part is small (for example, it turned out to be 14.3 or 16.4), then it is recommended to take only the whole number as a basis, and distribute the remainder evenly over the height of all steps (the damage to the comfort of ascent and descent will be insignificant).

Important! When calculating, you should take into account the height of the tallest family member. So that when he gets up on the second step he doesn’t hit his head on the ceiling. Here it is necessary to add 400 mm to a person’s height ( average height two stages without finishing material!)

Formwork for pouring concrete stairs

Formwork assembly is one of the key aspects of construction. To make the concrete surface as smooth as possible, use moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of at least 20 mm. For the side walls of steps and the formation of risers, edged boards with a thickness of 30-35 mm are used.

For the bottom surface, take a solid slab. Its installation at the desired angle is carried out using vertical bars or special telescopic stands, which can be rented from construction crews without any problems.
Since the mass of the concrete mixture is quite large, it makes sense to use metal corners and bars to strengthen the formwork. It is recommended to attach additional reinforcing elements to the bottom of the formwork every 50-80 cm.
Next, steps are formed using edged boards. When installing, take as a basis inner dimensions, that is, when fixed, the external parameters of each step will be 30-35 mm (exactly the width of the lumber used) greater than the design indicators.
Wooden elements must fit tightly to each other, the formation of gaps and cracks is not allowed. To prevent the solution from being absorbed into the lumber, it is generously moistened or the walls are protected before pouring. plastic film, as well as any waterproofing material.

Important! When assembling the structure, self-tapping screws are used. Their location should be only external, so that when dismantling the formwork there are no difficulties that could lead to partial destruction of the concrete surface.

Technology for reinforcing concrete stairs

To give strength to the staircase structure and prevent the edges of the steps from crumbling, reinforcement is carried out. For work you will need steel reinforcement with a diameter of 8 and 14 mm, knitting wire, as well as tools for bending and cutting rods, pliers.
Thicker steel rods are used for longitudinal reinforcement, and smaller diameter rods for transverse reinforcement. At a distance of at least 30 mm from the bottom of the formwork, 14 mm reinforcement is laid in increments of 150-200 mm. To do this, it is enough to place broken pieces of brick or ceramic tiles under it.

Transverse rods are also laid out at a distance of 150-200 mm from each other. Fixation of the reinforcement in the form of a mesh is ensured by means of a knitting wire, fastened and tightened with pliers.
For reliability, you can lay out the second row of the finished mesh with 150x150mm cells from 4 mm reinforcement. This layer should be positioned in such a way that the concrete layer covers the metal by 30-40 mm. To ensure such parameters, original chairs are prepared from metal rods.
If the structure will rest on three sides (top, bottom and side), then reinforcement is laid in advance during the construction of the walls. As a result, the most durable fixation of the staircase from the side is ensured.

How to properly pour concrete stairs

The concrete solution begins to be poured from the bottom step. The frame is filled in small portions. After filling, tamping is performed with an electric vibrator. This tool will help get rid of air voids that adversely affect the strength characteristics of the finished structure.
In addition to the vibrator, you can gently tap with a hammer on all sides of the formwork. As a rule, the mixture will settle 2-3 cm from the required level; the deficiency is compensated by a new portion of the concrete mixture. Next, the tamping process is repeated.

If the solution no longer settles, then the surface is finally leveled with a trowel or rule. Between concreting each step, a break of 10-15 minutes should be maintained, during which time the pressure of the solution drops slightly.
To move upwards, you can lean a standard wooden stairs or use regular boards. After completion of the work, the concrete is covered with plastic film, which prevents it from drying out prematurely.

Important! During the first 2-3 days, the polyethylene is periodically removed, and the concrete surface is wetted by spraying; a direct stream of water should be avoided.

The frame is dismantled after 3-4 weeks; it is during this period that the concrete mixture will gain at least 80-90% strength.
The undoubted advantage of concrete surfaces is their absolute maintainability. Therefore, if any defects are found after drying, they can easily be corrected by partial “patches” or re-filling. However, in order to avoid financial and time costs, it is better to do it once according to all the rules, putting in more effort and effort.

Decoration Materials

It is not recommended to leave a concrete staircase without further finishing. After some time, the edges of the steps will begin to crumble. Yes and appearance the stairs leave much to be desired, although many modern styles welcome concrete structures in their original form.
Depending on the style direction, the steps are lined with porcelain stoneware, ceramic mosaic, wooden planks. The side walls and bottom surface of the stairs are usually plastered and then painted.

For travel safety staircase design equipped with fences. Balusters and railings are made of wood and chromed metal. Forged products are distinguished by high decorative qualities, which can be called real works of art.

In this article we will tell you how to make a concrete staircase with your own hands.

Positive sides:

Long service life;
Strengthens the structure of the building;
Moisture resistant;
Fireproof;
Silent;
Wide range of decoration and modeling.

Choose concrete option, since the costs are small. Investments are only for the purchase of material for production and personal time. Such a staircase is built simultaneously with the construction of a house. On general drawing The construction of the house plans a place for installing a flight of stairs.

First preparations

First of all, you need to calculate the number of steps to fit into a certain area of the building. The ease of movement on the stairs depends on this. Behind standard height the step when lifting is 17 cm. The width must be at least one meter. Also take into account the embedded parts for future railings.

Material

To prepare concrete, take: cement (1 part), crushed stone with a grain size of 10-20 mm (3 hours), sand (2 hours), water (0.7 hours). If the concrete is thick, you can add a little more water.

To create the formwork, purchase construction timber 10X10 cm, waterproof plywood with a cross section of 2 cm or an edged board from 3 cm, reinforcement, metal corner. The wooden structure is secured with 3.5 cm self-tapping screws, which are conveniently removed during dismantling.

Formwork is a box into which concrete is poured. It is being built right on construction site. The best material wood is considered to be used. It can be easily removed after the solution has hardened. The width of the boards should be equal to the height of the steps. Supports are installed perpendicular to the base of the stairs using special fastenings to the support.

It should be remembered that concrete stairs are heavy, which means the supports must be massive and durable.

The formwork boards are additionally fixed with a longitudinal plate to avoid deflection when pouring concrete. The entire structure is assembled with self-tapping screws so that it can be easily disassembled after use. If the use of formwork continues, it is recommended to protect the wood with a waterproofing material: alkyd varnish (painting), roofing felt, glassine, oilcloth, old linoleum. This is done to prevent the boards from deforming when the concrete solution comes into contact with water.

To strengthen the flight of stairs, a frame is made of metal rods. It is laid along the load-bearing edges and connected by welding at a distance of 3 cm from the formwork to the reinforcement. To attach the iron assembly to the wall, pins are driven into it.

Types of staircase structures

Of all the designs, the main types can be distinguished:

helical - looks like a spiral twisted in the center;
rotary - marches can be located to each other at an angle of 90 o and 100 o;
straight - the most convenient for climbing; they do not require much physical effort to climb, but take up a large amount of usable space.

First, prepare the concrete mixture. Before pouring, wooden plugs or iron pins are placed in the formwork on the side where the handrails will be for further fastening. Then they begin pouring concrete into the formwork boxes. To prevent the edges of the steps from crumbling during operation, a metal corner is welded to them.

Filling should be done in one go to avoid peeling.

After filling the formwork, the solution must be compacted and leveled. Only after the concrete has completely dried do they begin to dismantle wooden mold and walk up the stairs.

Indoors, a concrete staircase is rarely left without cladding. For finishing reinforced concrete forms the following can be used:

Laminate.
Natural wood.
Stone.
Ceramic tiles.

Glass is used to make the parapet; the decoration of the entire staircase can be a piece of metal. Wooden railings in the form of sculptures look rich. The choice of fencing option depends on the style of interior design of the room and what material the flight of stairs is decorated with.

Cladding is done not only on steps and landings, but also on the back side of the stairs. For this purpose, decorative plaster, ceramic or porcelain tiles are used. A staircase made using such methods undoubtedly always pleases the eye of people - regardless of whether it is located in a cottage outside the city or connects the floors of an enterprise.

If it is noticed that some deformations have appeared in the stairs, for example, cracks or something else, it is necessary to eliminate them in a timely manner. To do this, you can use the following methods, depending on the defect: cement-sand mortar, anchor bolts or something else. If you carry out preventive maintenance on time, you can avoid the occurrence of defects.

Have you built the stairs in your home yourself? Share personal experience with our readers by leaving a comment on the article.

Video

We invite you to watch a video about construction monolithic staircase made of concrete.

Of all existing structures, poured concrete stairs are perhaps the most durable and reliable. They have a lot of advantages - they are not subject to corrosion and external influences, are economical in price, and are also easy to calculate and install.

It is possible even for a beginner to make such a system with his own hands, if you follow certain rules and follow the calculation and installation instructions below, illustrated with photos and videos.

Concrete staircase - design features

The poured concrete stair system has some design features that you need to know and take into account if you decide to build such a structure in your home with your own hands.

Firstly, cast ladders are made on the basis of pre-welded metal frame and reinforcement - thus, if you decide to make a concrete system with your own hands, you must, among other things, also have skills in working with a welding machine.
Secondly, you must know how to make a concrete mixture in strictly defined proportions - the strength of the structure, its durability and functional characteristics depend on this.
Thirdly, think in advance what kind of external finishing(cladding) you will use - it can be brick, a natural stone, wood and other materials. In addition, take care of the reliable fencing of the poured concrete system.

Calculation of poured concrete stairs

To get a functional and practical staircase system made of concrete, before you start making it yourself, you need to calculate it correctly.

Calculation instructions concrete structure consists of the following main steps:

Determine the height of the structure.
Select the angle of inclination.
We calculate the length of the flight of stairs.
We calculate the number of steps.
We make a sketch based on measurements and calculations.

Calculating the height of the stairs

The height of the concrete structure is determined empirically: Use a tape measure to measure the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor (which is also the ceiling of the first level). Write down the result.

Tilt angle

The most optimal angle The slope of the stairs is generally accepted to be between 30 and 45 degrees. If elderly people or small children live in the house, then the most comfortable slope will be an angle in the range from 30⁰ to 35⁰. In any case, you should not make the stairs steeper than at an angle of 45 degrees, otherwise it will be unsafe to walk on them.

Determining the length of the march

The photo below clearly shows how to determine the length of a flight of stairs (segment AB) using the laws of trigonometry: this segment will be equal to the sum of segments AC and CD squared:

Calculating the number of steps

The number of steps is determined based on the standard generally accepted values of the width and height of the tread:

width – from 25 to 39 cm;
comfortable height – 18 cm.

The number of steps can be determined very simply: divide the length of the staircase by the height of the step. For example, the length of the structure is 350 cm, the height of the step is 18 cm, then:

350: 18 = 19 steps.

Making a drawing

Based on the calculations made, we can now draw a sketch future design made of concrete. This figure should indicate all measurements taken and the main dimensions of the poured staircase.

Based on the measurements taken and calculations made, draw a sketch of your concrete structure

Installation instructions

Now we can proceed directly to the installation of the concrete pouring system. In order to make a staircase with your own hands correctly and efficiently, you need to follow these step-by-step instructions:

We assemble the formwork.
We install the reinforcement frame.
Pour the concrete mixture into the formwork.
We wait for it to dry and do the finishing work.

Before starting work, determine its main stages and strictly follow them

Assembling the formwork

You can install the bottom of the formwork yourself using a plywood sheet. It is better to make this frame from waterproof plywood with a thickness of at least 15 mm.

After the bottom is installed, you need to make the sides of the pallet from boards and the same plywood, attaching them with self-tapping screws.

Installing fittings

When the pallet is ready, it is necessary to install the reinforcement cage into it. For this, a corrugated rod with a diameter of about 12 mm is used, the knitting of which is carried out with metal wire and a hook.

The frame is made double - 2 battens with a cell of 200×200 or 200×150 mm are connected to each other on the sides and grabbed 50-60 cm in the center.

Pouring concrete

At this stage of installation, a concrete mixture is poured into the formwork with your own hands, which can be done based on the video below.

It is necessary to start pouring from the lower steps, because the solution will slide from top to bottom. Holes should be made on the steps with a shovel so that there are no voids left in the monolith.

The steps must be smoothed with a trowel so that when hardened the surface is smooth.

Finishing work

After the mixture has completely hardened (this will take at least a few days), you can begin finishing the stairs. You can cover it with brick, decorate it with wood or stone.

Video: how to make a concrete staircase with your own hands

The video below shows the process of making a concrete staircase system with your own hands.

Any staircase, no matter what its design, requires not only physical effort, but also time and nerves. It is much easier and more profitable to purchase a ready-made staircase system made by real professionals in their field.

A beautiful and stylish finished staircase from the “Solo” series with a straight, laconic design can be purchased from us for just 70 858 rub

The magnificent “Prestige” model will advantageously decorate your Vacation home and emphasizes its style, the cost of the product 44 290 rubles

Gorgeous stylish and modern stairs You can purchase any type and shape in our online store “Stairs Master”. At the same time, you will be pleasantly surprised not only by the excellent quality of the products, but also by the low economic price of the products.

A finished staircase structure with steps made of natural oak will cost you only 75 136 rubles

Wonderful wooden structure from model range"Duet" with forged elements in the fence has a price 75 000 rubles

The staircase has accompanied humanity for thousands of years. Still: more accessible and at the same time effective way Civilization has not yet invented moving up and down.

People, as a rule, spend their entire lives building career ladder, we’ll talk about a more pragmatic issue - namely: how to pour concrete stairs.

Before you start doing this important matter How to pour concrete stairs with your own hands, you need to clarify the following fundamental points for yourself:

How to pour concrete stairs: important points	Photo
General planning within the concept of a house or plot
Calculation of strength characteristics
Project cost calculation
What tools will be needed during production?
The appearance of the product plays a big role in the overall interior

Important! Be sure to take into account the fact that the arrangement of concrete stairs, due to technological and design features, is possible only when its production is linked with general construction work at the time of construction of the house. In the vast majority of cases, making a concrete staircase just like that or during routine renovations in the house will not work.

If you do not have experience in making reinforced concrete stairs, then pouring a concrete staircase to the porch would be an excellent opportunity to practice. Let's start with it.

Decorating the porch: first experience

How to fill it with your own strength and reasonable spending?

As a rule, such products have a permanent single-flight structure, are slightly limited in space, are not critical in calculating the static load on the base, and are easily finished with a full range of decorative materials suitable for outdoor use. The production price is also, perhaps, quite attractive.

Preliminary calculations: learning to draw

And in this case, you will not be limited in the choice of design and technological solutions.

Practice and instructions show that a concrete staircase for a porch has the following average parameters:

step height 17-18 cm;
the width of the step or as it is also called the stepping plane is 30 cm;
one-piece staircase design with a combination of steps and risers;
base - foundation slab or a tape made using classical technology.

A working perimeter is marked on the ground, which reflects the boundary dimensions, design features, places of abutment with other structures of the house, places of reinforcement or connection of stairs using special technological techniques.

Important! At least in the sketch, it is necessary to note the presence and design of fences, canopies, decorative lighting, anti-slip elements and anti-ice systems. Their dimensions, mounting methods, locations of power supply channels and other things. The presence of visual information will be a good help and will allow you to timely incorporate the necessary elements into the overall design even at the stage of rough work.

Construction of the foundation: cheap and not very

A rational solution would be to create a base slab on main anchors. On the one hand, this will significantly reduce the thickness of the base slab, on the other hand, it will save on the amount of reinforcement due to the absence of free or, as reinforcement specialists also call them, “empty” strands.

The main anchor is either special product, or reinforcement vertically buried in the base of the soil, which in its cross-section is 2 times larger than the cross-section of the main reinforcement. Main anchors are installed in corners, abutments and other load-bearing structural units.

Strands of horizontally knitted reinforcement are fixed as rigidly as possible to the anchors, usually by electric arc welding. Wire knitting is not recommended.

Attention. For those who want to save on expensive reinforcement, subject to strong parent soil, small staircase sizes and the presence of nearby metallurgical enterprises, it is possible to organize a load-bearing foundation cushion using slag-water technology.

Be sure to ensure that the waste slag has been released from the blast furnace, as electrometallurgical slags are essentially devoid of Portland cement. Significant disadvantage this method one should consider a longer period of time for the maturation of the massif, compared to monolithic concrete according to the classical recipe.

Assembling formwork: Lego constructor in an adult way

Perhaps this is the most crucial moment in the entire process. Not only the aesthetic perception of the future product, but also its strength and durability depends on the fact how carefully and accurately you can put all the elements together.

And since the house begins with a porch, the importance of this element should not be underestimated.

Modern technologies involve the use of concrete works standard inventory prefabricated formwork, which simplifies and speeds up the process by several orders of magnitude. But due to their high cost, the use of such elements is justified in the manufacture of a series of similar structures.

In other cases, a commercial product is quite sufficient. edged boards“inches” 25 mm thick. Or sheet plastic, if you plan to have radius elements in the staircase design, for example, rounded encircling steps, gates, etc.

Attention. It should be taken into account that a large number of radius elements will create objective difficulties during the subsequent finishing of the finished staircase. Straight-line cutting of ceramics, porcelain stoneware, artificial and natural stone much more technologically advanced than the curved one.

When deciding how to pour a concrete staircase with your own hands, in addition to the edged board, you will need:

phosphated self-tapping screw with large pitch on wood;
persistent metal corners for high-quality connection of corner elements, which are easy to make yourself;
marking square;
roulette.

Another question: how to pour concrete stairs not only efficiently, but also quickly? It is hardly possible to do without small-scale mechanization.

The most desirable tools are:

manual a circular saw or a jigsaw with an extended blade 150 mm;
corded or cordless screwdriver;
vibration Sander for removing irregularities on planes, transitions, ridges of an already hardened product.

The board is dissolved into its component elements; in this case, during the marking process, the thickness of the mating overlap, equal to the thickness of the board, should be taken into account. Undoubtedly, it is worth taking care of the manufacture of spacers that will ensure that the flat elements remain perpendicular when a load is applied to them when pouring concrete stairs.

Subsequent tiers will fully provide wooden blocks small cross-section, easy to install.

Reinforcement cage set: skeletons in the closet

The old concrete workers gave these unsightly names to the two main operations. A set of formwork was used to “knock together a coffin or a cabinet,” and by lashing reinforcement, a “skeleton” was placed there. And the names are very true in essence.

The life expectancy of the ladder directly depends on the strength and quality of the skeleton. The basic techniques for tying reinforcement are quite widely known and are clearly described.

Let us repeat that it is useful to weld the fundamental nodes using electric arc welding, and the cells of the plane are connected by a loop node with knitting steel wire. She in production conditions is subjected to medium-temperature annealing, which causes the steel to have high ductility and softness.

Laying the bottom layer reinforcing mesh, do not forget to hang it evenly above the “sole” at a distance of at least 30 mm.

Select the thickness of the reinforcing mesh and the mesh size based on reasonable economic needs and the specific design of the product.

When assembling the frame, be sure to cover future technological channels and nests of embedded elements with plugs. At the same time, a pre-prepared technological sketch or drawing of the future product will come in handy.

Pouring a concrete mass: from water to stone

The practice-tested recipe for preparing a concrete mixture is as follows:

Portland cement (10 parts);
crushed stone fraction 10-20 mm (30 parts);
sand mass (20 parts);
water (7 parts).

Important. The work of pouring concrete on the steps must be carried out in a single operation, without interrupting it over time. Otherwise, the array may not be completely closed artificial stone. Professional concrete workers call this phenomenon “layer cake,” sometimes adding “grandmother’s cake.”

The pouring operation must begin from the bottom, carefully monitoring the preservation of the strength of the formwork structure under the resulting load, and promptly leveling the weakened and displaced spacers. When filling the frame with the mass, ensure that all sinuses and undercuts are well filled, preventing the formation of voids and cavities.

The video in this article shows key points manufacturing technologies and procedures.

The use of a vibrator makes it possible to obtain a denser and higher-quality array. In extreme cases, concrete steps can be poured without it. How a budget option A hand tamper will also work.

If the first experiment ended successfully, the calculations and technological nuances were taken into account, it is worth moving on to a more complex option, making a concrete staircase to the second floor with your own hands.

Interfloor staircase: higher and higher and higher

How to pour a concrete staircase to the second floor without involving hired workers, without spending extra money, and having confidence in the quality of the work performed.

Having decided to take such a step, you need to know exactly how to properly pour a concrete staircase, and what not to do, since such critical elements do not forgive mistakes.

Based on the layout of the room and other nuances, you immediately need to decide on the type of staircase that will connect the floors:

Type of stairs	Design Features	Application
Monolithic single-flight staircase with riser	The inclination angle of the main flight is 30-40 degrees, 18-20 cm, The width of the walking platform is 27-32 cm. The side ends can be open and closed type, which implies use both in the inter-wall space and as a separate independent structure	The simplest and most versatile design. Wide possibilities for finishing and design experiments. Does not require complex formwork and additional bracing in the interfloor space. Demanding on space due to the long single span. A staircase of this type has a very large mass, especially when faced with solid porcelain stoneware, natural and artificial marble, etc.
Single-flight staircase with a monolithic stringer and a through-type step without risers	The cruising angle is up to 42 degrees, step height up to 22 cm, Stepping area width up to 30 cm	Due to the absence of risers, the overall structure can be lightened by up to 35-40% compared to the previous type. Due to the absence of restrictions on the toe of the foot, it is possible to reduce the width of the walking platform. This type of ladder is less demanding on the strength and weight-dimensional characteristics of the supporting platform. Objectively smaller number finishing materials, necessary for finishing finished product. Due to the end-to-end design, it is undesirable to place flights of such stairs above the recreation areas in the house. More high requirements to the strength characteristics of stringers and additional load-bearing structures.
Multi-flight stairs of monolithic and through types, including stairs with intermediate turning platforms	The angle of inclination of marching flights can be different and ranges from 30-45 degrees. The height of the walking platform and the width of the step are within the generally accepted standard values	Applicable in case limited space, which does not allow the use of simple single-flight flights. Due to the use of constructive mass separation, the static load on the base is more rationally distributed. They require more ready-mixed concrete to make a monolith. As a result, the number of finishing materials and related accessories increases. More complex formwork and the use of a combined system of tying the load-bearing frame.
, complex multi-radius structures with both closed and open stages	A design feature should be considered the presence of a “spine” axis around which the steps are tied with an almost complete absence of straight sections. The step height and width of the stepping platform are within the values generally accepted for other types of stairs	They are used when there is no free space for the manufacture and installation of other types of stairs; they are often placed in bay windows and other dedicated structural elements of the house. They require very accurate calculations of strength of materials and high level of culture and manufacturing experience. A multi-level system of tying the load-bearing frame and flexible formwork is used. Not recommended for self-made persons who do not have the appropriate knowledge and production practice.

Technical nuances: briefly about the main thing

We have figured out the main aspects of the issue: concrete stairs - how to pour them correctly. There are some nuances left:

In general, making a concrete staircase to the second floor is no different in technology from making a staircase for the porch of a house. The following features should be noted. Brand ready-mixed concrete should not be lower than B-15
As an inert filler for self-cooking For the concrete mixture, it is advisable to use crushed granite stones fr. 5-25 with a minimum content of flaky and dusty inclusions. The use of enriched quartz with a modulus of 0.8-1.1 is encouraged as sand.
How to fill concrete steps with a solution of such a thick consistency? On initial stage You can’t do without dexterity, and then the acquired skills will do their job, and the concrete will flow like clockwork.
When preparing the base, you cannot use the floors of the lower floor, thermally insulated using foam plastics, mineral wool, and similar materials. Otherwise, it is necessary to cut off the insulating sandwich and fill in a solid reinforced load-bearing slab.

Location not allowed flights of stairs at angles above critical values.

A progressive step when constructing a load-bearing frame should be considered the use of reinforcement not cut, but bent along the profile of the structure.

This reduces the occurrence of internal stresses by an order of magnitude and increases the overall resistance of the load-bearing frame to tearing, fracture and torsion. It is convenient to bend the reinforcing bar using roller-lever devices.

Do not forget about the “one day” rule - that is, the entire structure must be poured at once, without a break in time. Well, remember the order is from bottom to top. This will avoid the appearance of voids and cavities. Video: pouring a concrete staircase can be viewed several times, focusing on important points.

In conclusion, it should be noted that making a concrete staircase with your own hands, subject to basic technological techniques, is not a complicated process.

However, it should be remembered that the domestic legislator clearly regulated such work. state standards 9818-85 “Marches and landings of reinforced concrete stairs”, which must be taken into account when carrying out independent work, and then poured concrete stairs will serve faithfully for many years.