How to make a mansard roof in a house. How to build an attic roof with your own hands and not make mistakes

Absolutely everyone understands that an attic is, in principle, a converted attic. But this re-equipment has its own nuances, design solutions, as well as work with thermal insulation and roofing. In fact, building an attic with your own hands in a country house is almost no different from building any other roof. Anyway, let's take a closer look at this process.

So, to build an attic, you need to purchase:

wooden beams, the cross-section of which is 50x180 centimeters for the rafters (as for the length, everything will depend on the planned size of the building and what the slope of the slope will be);
wooden boards for sheathing;
material to cover the end walls, for example, wall panels;
fastening elements for the roof: nails, screws, metal corners, metal profiles to further strengthen individual structural elements;
thermal insulation material;
vapor barrier material;
waterproofing material;
roofing material;
material for interior decoration attics.

So, the first step will be the task of strengthening the floors between the attic and the first floor. This compulsory work, since the load that will be placed on the floor will increase significantly.

As soon as the ceiling is strengthened, you need to work on the rafter system. Do not forget that constant quality control of the connection of individual elements is necessary.

In case you use broken roof, first of all, you will need to install the support beams and end walls; only after this is done, you can begin assembling the frame rafter system. The individual elements of the frame are fastened using a groove-tooth connection; metal plates are used to increase strength.

Do not forget that each wooden element needs pre-treatment with a special composition that will protect the wood from insects and moisture. You will also need treatment with fire retardants, which slow down the combustion process of wood.

When the rafter structure is installed, it is necessary to nail the sheathing. To do this, you can use either ordinary boards or sheets of plywood or chipboards. It all depends on what type of roofing materials you have. You also need to take care of the bevels of the walls and internal partitions in the attic room.

Creating an insulation pie

Another job that should not be forgotten is creating a layer of insulation. First of all, to do this you need to lay a vapor barrier along the inside of the rafters and secure it with staples.

After this, the thermal insulation material is laid, which must be laid close to the rafters, without leaving any gaps. On top of the thermal insulation, in increments of 50 cm, the sheathing is stuffed - it is this that holds all the thermal insulation on itself.

The waterproofing layer is laid on the outside of the rafters, creating protection against accidental penetration of moisture. The final stage is laying the roof on a waterproofing layer.

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Attic construction attic space allows not only to increase living space home, but also to make the building unusual and beautiful. Moreover, a building with this type of roof can be made in almost any style. Roof mansard type, the execution options of which can be very different, are found both in urban areas and in rural areas. Let's look at how to create such a design yourself and find out what its features are.

Mansard roof - options

This roof has special design slopes, usually consisting of an upper flat part and a steeper lower part. Thanks to this shape, a fairly spacious room appears inside, which can be used as an attic or even turn into a very cozy living room.

The history of attics began in the 17th century, such a roof design was invented by the architect Francois Mansart - it was a derivative of his name that such a roof was named. But this Frenchman was far from the first to implement the idea of economical use of the attic floor of the house. First built mansard roof Pierre Lescaut, also a Frenchman, worked on the construction of such famous buildings as the Louvre and Notre-Dame de Paris.

Note! In the 19th century, poor people usually lived on attic floors, but now this floor can appear in the housing of fairly wealthy people.

Nowadays, attics are quite often built during the construction of country houses or small two-story cottages, but the idea can well be implemented when creating other types of buildings. The attic has a number of advantages:

it is cheaper to build a house with an attic than with two full floors and roof;
foundation costs during the construction of such a structure are also reduced;
an attic can significantly increase the living space of any building;
it gives the house an unusual and beautiful look;
it is not difficult to build the structure, the work can be completed quite quickly;
the attic is always associated with comfort;
a house with an attic is warmer by reducing heat loss through the roof.

But attics also have several disadvantages. This type of attic space has sloping ceilings, which results in low wall heights, making it difficult to choose furniture. Also, the roof must be well installed so as not to leak and not let heat out of the house - you will have to spend money on good hydro- and thermal insulation materials. Yes, and building attics is still more difficult than, for example, a regular one gable roof.

Design Features

The attic is a universal element. It was used both for ordinary houses and for the construction of country houses; often this type of attic space was chosen even for the construction of palaces. Of course, it could decorate workshops, commercial buildings, etc. And despite the fact that different materials were used for its construction, different styles, the attic still remained an attic - it has certain design features.

So, this building can have a different geometric shape - triangular, broken, have symmetrical or, conversely, geometrically complex and non-standard slopes. It can be located both across the entire width of the building, and only on one side of it relative to the longitudinal axis.

Prices for timber

Note! If the roof has a broken shape, then the lower part will have very steep slopes with an inclination angle of about 60-70 degrees, and on the top the slopes, on the contrary, will be flat (about 15-30 degrees).

But whatever the attic, it will be located within the walls of the main building. In relation to the external walls, the attic may be slightly wider, but then it rests on the ceiling extensions. If the offset is large, then you will have to install additional supports (for example, columns, walls, etc.).

The height of the attic roof cannot be less than 2.5 m, otherwise it will not be possible to create a spacious room under it. Windows, which also need to be provided here, will be manufactured using special technologies using durable tempered glass and a reliable frame. They will cost several times more than usual. And supporting structures can be made of reinforced concrete, metal or wood. But in the case of the latter, it is important to carefully consider fire safety measures.

The mansard roof is a multi-layer structure, which complicates installation. It can be insulated completely or only in the area where there is a living room - where there is heating. But in any case, the design of the attic implies the presence of rafters, a ridge, the roofing material itself, thermal and waterproofing, and a vapor barrier layer. The interfloor ceiling will serve as the foundation under the roof.

Rafters for an attic roof must have good load-bearing capacity. The cross-section of the materials used will depend on the angle of the roof slope and cannot be less than 5x15 cm at a pitch of 100 cm. If the slope angle is 45 degrees, then a pitch of 140 cm is maintained.

Attention! In areas where it snows frequently and the amount of precipitation is high, it is recommended to install rafters at intervals of no more than 80 cm.

If the attic will be used as a living space, then it is important to consider that in this case there is a risk of large amounts of condensation forming under the roof. Because of this, pockets of mold may appear inside the structure, fungus may develop, etc. The presence of a large amount of moisture will also negatively affect the insulating properties of the material. That is why it is important to follow all the rules for installing an attic roof, and the heat-insulating material must be reliably protected from moisture not only from the outside, but also from the inside, that is, a layer of vapor barrier material is also located on this side.

Important! Don’t forget about creating roof vents that will allow air to circulate quietly inside the roof structure and help remove condensation.

Types of mansard roofs

There are 4 main types of mansard roofs, which differ from each other in their design features. They can be divided into single-level and two-level. The first are the simplest to implement, usually combined with a sloping or gable roof with a slope angle of 35-45 degrees. The second involves the arrangement of two rooms on different levels. A mixed support system is used here.

Note! When building an attic under a gable roof, the height of the walls can be no more than 1.5 m, followed by sloping ceilings. With a broken-shaped roof, the ceiling height along the perimeter of the walls is up to 2.5 m.

When building a house, you can choose one of the types of attics - a single-level attic with a gable roof, a single-level with a sloping roof, with remote consoles, or a two-level with a special mixed type supports

Table. Main types of attics.

Type	Description
	In this case, the attic has one level and is located under a regular gable roof. The simplest option, the design of which does not require the use of complex calculations. Rainfall with a simple gable roof goes away on its own, there is no need to equip any additional elements.
	In this case, the attic also has one level, but the rafter system is performed differently. It looks like four roof slopes are formed. A much larger room can fit under it, but creating such a roof is more difficult.
	Of the single-level attics, this is the most difficult option. Here the room under the roof is even more spacious. Usually in this case the attic room is shifted to one of the edges of the house. This design allows you to make large vertical windows on one side. Main disadvantages – complex shape, complexity of construction. But under the edge of such an attic you can make a functional canopy where a terrace, garage or other extension can be located.
	The most difficult option is the attic, since here at least two rooms are arranged under the roof, located at different levels. When designing a house, such a design immediately becomes part of its structure.

The attic roof can also have a balcony. It is created according to the principle of window construction. The main thing is that the load-bearing capacity of the walls allows it to be equipped. By the way, the balcony can also be supported by columns, but in this case it is built above the entrance.

Types of rafters for attics

Rafter trusses can be of two types - and layered. You will have to choose between them depending on the method of attachment to the walls of the house. Hanging ones are simpler and are usually used for houses that do not have a middle load-bearing wall. The rafters rest only on the main walls of the house, without intermediate supports. The width of the span between the walls cannot be large - usually it does not exceed 6 m. If the span is larger (over 9 m), then it will be necessary to install struts and headstocks.

Layered rafters are usually used to create houses with two spans, that is, those that have a load-bearing wall in the middle. In this case, the rafters have three support points - directly this wall, as well as the main ones around the perimeter of the house.

Material for the manufacture of the rafter system

Rafters can be made of metal, reinforced concrete or wood. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Wooden rafters are environmentally friendly, they are easy to use, and can be easily adjusted to the desired size. But wooden structures They are afraid of excess moisture and are susceptible to the formation of mold and mildew.

Note! Before construction wooden materials it is recommended to process protective compounds, which will extend their service life.

Metal and reinforced concrete structures You can not cover them with such compounds - fungus and mold do not appear on them. Due to this, they are considered more reliable and durable. But the main disadvantage is that, if necessary, adjusting them on site to the right sizes It will be difficult, and the slightest error in the calculations can lead to the roof being skewed. Also, a craftsman working with reinforced concrete or metal rafters may encounter other difficulties - this is a large mass of products, which forces the use of special equipment even to lift the elements.

Difficulties and features of arranging an attic roof

When designing and constructing an attic roof, a number of design features should be taken into account, based on which a number of operating rules are formed. For example, the power plate must be secured very securely anchor bolts. It is he who will experience the maximum load, and therefore support the entire roof. It is additionally recommended to wall up the anchors cement mixture, if the main walls of the house are made of stone, brick and other similar materials.

It is also important to remember the correct design and layers of the roof. For example, mansard roofs cannot be covered with metal roofing materials. They get very hot and on the top floor in the summer it will be too hot, there can be no talk of any comfortable living. It is not recommended to use roofing felt as a waterproofing material - when heated, it begins to smell specifically. It is best to cover the attic roof with slate or soft tiles. For thermal insulation, it is usually recommended to purchase mineral wool, which is laid with a waterproofing film on both sides.

It is difficult these days to imagine the layout of a house without an attic. It is also built in old buildings, thus adding living space instead of an outdated attic.

When creating a new building, the issue of constructing an attic is decided in advance in the project. If you are building an attic yourself in an old house, then you need to carefully study all the requirements for reconstruction or an extension to an already finished building.

What is an attic

An attic is a living space resembling an attic, which is formed on the upper floors of houses with an attic roof. Anyone with special skills in the construction process can build an attic on their own.

The attic floor is understood as a floor in the attic, the facade of which is formed entirely or partially by the surfaces of a sloping or sloping roof. In fact, it is a full-fledged living space inside the building.

To reduce the load on an already erected structure, when construction work On the attic floor, lightweight materials and structures are used with one’s own hands. Wood is indispensable in these matters. The attic itself is often built from wood; for these purposes, beams, logs or frame-panel technology.

Types of attics

Types of gable roofs: options for the purpose of the structure

The shape of the attic room depends on. The attic can cover the entire building or only part of it. Rooms with it can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. The shape is often triangular or broken. True, not every roof is designed for the construction of an attic.

Attic roofing comes in the following types:

1-slope;
2-slope;
broken line;
hip;
tent (pyramidal, round, conical).

Let's consider in detail:

A pitched roof is erected very rarely. Due to the high difference between the heights of the walls, such an attic will become asymmetrical and it will be difficult to install windows.
A gable roof often involves arranging the attic symmetrically. She will have sloping internal walls. When constructing this roof, elongated boards are used, which is not cheap. True, the performance indicators of this roof are quite high. A serious advantage is that with such a roof it is possible to install full-fledged windows and doors, along which there is an exit to the balcony.
Broken roof. The attic will have vertical walls. The structure itself reaches a width of more than 5 m. The material consumed for this type of roof is much less than for a gable roof.
A hip roof makes it possible to create a comfortable and small attic. It includes 2 slopes, shaped like a trapezoid and a triangle. The windows are on the ceiling slopes.
Hip roofing is also used for the construction of an attic. Windows must have a special shape and are made according to individual projects.

All of the above types of structures have their own advantages and disadvantages. Symmetrical structures have a more straightforward design; the project does not involve complex calculations, compared to the installation of asymmetrical coatings.

What is needed for construction

It should be understood that the construction of an attic is a rather complex process. Here you need to have the proper experience and skills in the construction industry. Before construction work, you should carefully study all the design features of the attic floor, installation methods, as well as situations when it is not possible to complete it.

Materials, tools and project

To build an attic you will need the following materials:

wooden beams (section sizes vary depending on the dimensions of the structure and the angle of inclination of the slope);
wood boards for sheathing;
material to sheathe the end walls;
fasteners for roof installation;
thermal insulation;
waterproofing;
material for interior decoration of the attic.

To build an attic yourself you will need the following tool:

screwdriver;
hammer;
level;
roulette;
lace;
saw for woodworking.

Design is considered one of the most important elements of the work, since without it it is not recommended to begin the construction process itself.

If you are not conscientious at this stage, then you can easily lose sight of some detail, which then requires large financial resources to eliminate the error. Before constructing the attic, you will need to make a thorough analysis of the layout features of the room that is to be refurbished.

Well-known requirements that serve as a template for construction are found in SNiP. In addition, you need to take into account the following details:

Geometric features of the roof.
Creating conditions for joint functioning engineering systems roofs and other parts of the house.
Selecting the proper material for construction work.
Roof of the attic floor. Attics with round-sloped roofs require special waterproofing and special insulation.

Construction of the attic

The layout of the attic can be carried out both during the construction work and during the construction of the attic already in advance finished building. You should first carefully check the foundation of the building.

It is extremely important to correctly calculate the load of the attic on the building, since the quality of the attic and general condition the entire home.

Detailed step-by-step instructions

Mansard roof rafter system

First you need to have wood beams. They should be applied on top of the waterproofing material. The optimal ones include roofing felt or roofing felt, sold in rolls. When working with them, you do not need any specialized skills. In case of creation wooden floor there is no need to install an auxiliary beam.
Next, the racks are mounted on the beams. They represent the specific skeleton of the walls of the attic being built. For best performance, they should be placed no further than 2 m between them. Each post must be level. After installation, it is recommended to sheathe them on both sides. You must remember to lay the insulation in the middle of the studs. Each rack must be individually secured using spikes and brackets.
Then the top beam is laid. It is fixed in any convenient way. It is important that the beams must be strong and durable.
Next is installed. Thanks to it, a high level of strength is ensured when fastening the roof rafters to the wall. It will make it possible to direct the weight of the roof onto the walls. Since the Mauerlat is located on the wall, the load on it is small. The main thing is not to forget to lay a layer of waterproofing underneath it to avoid further rotting.
If the Mauerlat is properly secured, then it will protect the roof from the influence of wind, snow in winter time. To secure it, use annealed wire with a diameter of up to 0.5 cm.
Next, the rafters are installed. Markings are first applied to the rafter frame and mauerlat in the place where the rafter legs will be installed. Only boards with a perfectly flat surface are suitable for rafters.
The rafters rest on a ridge beam. If the attic is large enough in area, then, of course, the weight of the entire roof will become large. Due to this, the beam is considered an essential part of the structure. If rafter legs length is less than 8 m, then ordinary guy wires will be quite useful.
Installation of fillies. It is carried out in the same way as the rafter legs.
Then the hem board should be nailed to the fillies. It will prevent the influence of wind and virtually any natural precipitation.
Before installing the roof, you need to decide where the windows will be installed. Their total area is no less than 13-14% of the area of the side walls. In the place where windows are installed, the rafter legs should be strengthened. For these purposes, transverse bars are installed.

Additional work

For what the attic had long terms operation, it is necessary to carry out a number of additional works related to increasing its resistance to the effects of mechanical and natural natural factors.

Insulation and waterproofing

When creating an attic roof yourself, its insulation plays an important role. The implementation of these works begins after the installation of the rafters. Area of connection with environment is quite large, so you need high-quality insulation (for example, mineral wool). The insulation itself is protected on both sides. Steam can penetrate inside, and water can penetrate from outside. The most popular material is membrane film.
From the outside, where the ventilated air gap, the insulation is protected by waterproofing, a windproof, vapor-permeable membrane. It is impossible to use materials that are also vapor barriers for installation in the roof or attic, as waterproofing and windproof membranes. Installation of waterproofing and wind protection is done on top of the roof rafters. Waterproofing is attached to them using wooden beams or a stapler. After installation, waterproofing joints are carefully taped. Waterproofing is installed in order to protect the insulation from high humidity from atmospheric precipitation, which fall into the gaps during gusts of wind, as well as from condensation on the other side of the roof.
The ventilation of the attic floor should be carefully arranged. Since now this is a living space, it is necessary to create proper living conditions. Main problem with its microclimate lies with the heat coming from the lower floors and causing condensation to accumulate on the insulation. Condensation has a detrimental effect on it and this can lead to rotting and destruction. To protect it, a vapor barrier layer is added. If condensation still accumulates on the thermal insulation layer, you should think about a forced ventilation system.

Insulating the attic with foam plastic

Attic finishing

Finishing work of the attic with plasterboard

First, the roof slopes and gables are sheathed, then the ceiling is finished. To sheathe the roof slopes, beams are mounted horizontally on the rafters in increments of 1 m, then horizontal beams are mounted in the gaps.

The next step will be to measure the drywall according to the given dimensions and its subsequent installation on the base. quite simple, but at the same time quite labor-intensive process. When everything is completed, all gaps and cracks should be sealed.

Finishing work of the attic with clapboard

Wood-look finishing work is quite in demand for attics, and the installation of the lining itself is simple. It is cut to the required height and nailed onto a wooden base using nails at the joints, so the cap will not be visible.

After each sheet of lining it is necessary to inspect its position using a level, otherwise there will be a risk of a large distortion at the end of the wall. When the installation of the lining is completed, it should be covered with several layers of varnish.

Choosing the optimal attic roof option increases the living space in the building. Variety different types roof structures can be installed not only during the construction of the building, but also during the reconstruction of the building. With the latter option, you need to calculate in advance the ability of the base and walls to withstand additional loads.
The design of the attic roof involves the installation of a rafter system made of carefully dried wooden beams. To make structural elements, beams of various sections are used. Installation of the attic is done with lung help and safe material.
Insulating the attic inside the room, which is located under the roof, loses heat more quickly than the lower floors. Because of this, the roof must include reliable insulation. It is installed in the middle of the outer waterproofing layer and a vapor barrier on the room side. A well-made pie ensures a long service life of the entire roofing system. For interior decoration of the attic room it is most often used natural wood. But the cladding of walls and ceilings can be done by others sheet materials, including drywall.

The attic floor these days is an essential element of modern private buildings. Between the roof and the top floor of the house you can arrange a bathroom, a bedroom, and an office. The area and configuration of such rooms will primarily depend on the type of roof.

Making an attic with your own hands is a completely simple process if you carefully study all the nuances of the construction process, and also comply with all the requirements and expert advice described above.

In this case, all the adverse consequences during the construction of the attic and other troubles will pass you by. You should not rush, do everything one by one and the result will meet all expectations.

Nowadays, the desire to effectively use the entire area of the house is quite understandable, so many immediately plan to build an attic at the stage of designing a house, or in a certain way, as well as remove the roof and attach an attic floor with their own hands to the old house.

In fact, an attic is an attic, the design of which is regulated by SNiP standards, which entails modifications not only to the roof, but also changes in the thermal and waterproofing of the upper extension.

In order for a do-it-yourself attic to be reliable, not to harm the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house, and to last for a long time, it is necessary to understand the specifics and know the design features of this type of superstructure. In the article we will talk about what materials an extension can be made from, as well as the specifics and nuances of the stage-by-stage construction of an attic with your own hands.

DIY attic floor above the garage

Main types of attics

Do-it-yourself attic construction begins with choosing the type of extension, the most suitable design for the main building, and making the project. For superstructures they use: hipped, domed, etc. determine the materials, design features buildings and the specifics assigned to completion.

Depending on the specific nature of the main building, standard solutions are usually used when constructing an attic.

1.Gable; 2. Broken gable; 3.Single-level; 4.Multi-level

A single-level with a gable roof is an ordinary attic under a gable roof, converted into an attic. and the construction of such a room is not difficult, but main drawback- This is a small internal useful space with a low ceiling.
A single-level roof with a sloping gable roof has four pitched planes, which are located under different angles. This type is somewhat more expensive and more difficult to design, but the result is a large interior space.
A single-level attic with remote consoles presents some difficulties during design and construction. But spacious interior space and the opportunity compensates for the difficulties during construction. A feature of the construction of such an attic frame is the displacement and extension of the extension beyond the sides of the house, and in appearance it is identical to a lean-to.
Multi-level extension with mixed roof support. This complex design attic, which requires professional calculations and design not only of the room itself, but also. As a rule, such attic floors, with multi-level rooms, are planned together with the construction of the main house, as a solid structure.

Materials

The house is built on a foundation that is specially designed to support the weight of the structure. If the attic floor is planned initially, the load is calculated and applied at the attic design stage, so the attic floor can be built from any materials: monolithic attic made of concrete, brick, foam concrete, metal structures, made of galvanized logs. But if the superstructure of the attic floor is carried out after the construction of the house, then the weight of the superstructure must be calculated in accordance with the load on the foundation and load-bearing walls. Accordingly, so that the superstructure does not damage the house, the material must be light, for example, wooden beam, frame-panel structures, in some cases the building is made of aerated concrete, which has good warmth and vapor barrier properties, and sip of panels.

Attic construction

Projects for attic floors involve the use of various materials for the walls, but, in essence, the design of the attic is pitched roofs leaning on the walls. Of course, in different options Attic extensions have their own characteristics, but in general they consist of the following elements:

Roof.
A sheathing made of wooden boards on which the roofing and insulating materials are attached.
Ridge purlin - top truss structure.
— stiffening ribs, layered or hanging. In the attic, layered rafters are usually made.
Mauerlat are beams that are laid along the perimeter of external walls and connected to the walls with special fasteners. A rafter structure is attached to the Mauerlat.
Diagonal connections (bevels) for the reliability and strength of the attic; they are used to connect rafters, longitudinal beams and vertical posts.
Internal supports give the attic stability, if the attic area is large, they support the ridge girder and rafters.
An insulating layer consisting of waterproofing, sound and vapor insulators. Provides temperature regime and moisture exchange between the main walls and roof.

The minimum distance from the floor to the highest point of the ceiling in accordance with SNiP should be 2.5 m. If the height is less, then the room is an attic.

We build an attic with our own hands, the main connecting nodes:
A – ridge knot. B – rafter+screed+stand. B – rafter + ceiling beam D – ceiling beam + rack + strut. D – rack + strut

Construction technology

The attic walls are drawn as close as possible to the walls of the main building, so achieving comfortable heat exchange is extremely difficult. It is very important to choose the right materials for insulation, make ventilation, the entire structure must be erected in accordance with the drawing and calculations, and wooden parts treated with fire retardant compound.

Do-it-yourself attic installation, how to properly attach the components

Rules for the installation of the attic floor

In order for a do-it-yourself attic to serve for many years, it is necessary to fulfill the conditions specified in SNiP standards:

should be 250 mm or more, it is better to use laminated timber. This thickness is due to the possibility of laying insulation between the rafters with a thickness of at least 200 mm.
Insulation materials should not lose their properties at high humidity; it is best to use foamed polystyrene, which has light weight and an insignificant heat transfer coefficient. Mineral wool absorbs moisture and breaks down.
There must be full ventilation, with hoods and vents, so that air can circulate freely under the entire surface of the roof of the attic floor.
It is imperative to install a vapor barrier layer inside.
A waterproofing layer is laid on the outer side of the rafters; it is recommended to additionally lay a layer of sound insulation.

Step-by-step instructions on how to make an attic with your own hands

Building an attic with your own hands is fraught with some difficulties, since the elements of the superstructure are at an angle, the installation of broken slopes and requires compliance with SNiP standards in the part “Loads and impacts”.

When making a drawing of the installation floor yourself, you need to accurately calculate the loads, angles of inclination, permissible weight of the structure, and, in accordance with preliminary calculations, select the appropriate type of attic and materials for construction.

Do-it-yourself attic construction begins with the installation of mooring strips around the perimeter of the house, usually timber with a cross-section of 100*100 mm is used for this.

Next we build the frame for the room. The racks can be made of timber with a cross-section equal to the longitudinal beams, possibly from foam concrete or metal. Vertical racks We fix the racks at the corners of the structure, and then install the beams between them, with a step of no more than 2 meters, equal to the location of the attic rafters. All parts are attached to metal corners, nail plates or self-tapping screws.

We build the frame of the internal attic space; instead of vertical wooden posts there may be a wall made of foam concrete blocks or a metal frame

We tighten the jumper over the rack and secure the structure. Use a construction cord to monitor the geometry of the building.

We attach the lower rafters to the resulting frame. The beam is cut to the calculated length, a groove is made at the base for reliable fastening to the Mauerlat, the top of the beam is cut off according to the calculated angle of inclination. The installation of the lower rafters is carried out in place and securely fixed.

Do-it-yourself attic installation, photo of fastening the lower rafters, instead of vertical wooden posts there can be a wall made of foam concrete blocks or a metal frame

The next step is to install the upper rafters. The difficulty lies in maintaining the angle and centering of the structure as a whole.

Advice: To ensure that the angle of attachment of the rafters does not go astray, first a template is made from two boards that exactly corresponds to the connection of the rafters. The beams are cut to a template on the ground and then installed on the frame.

Do-it-yourself frame attic, installation of the upper rafter structure

Installation of an attic, construction of sheathing for roofing material

The next stage is creating an insulating layer. It is recommended to use non-toxic and non-flammable materials, this is especially true if. WITH inside We lay a vapor barrier on the rafter frame and secure it with staples. Then, it is important that it fits tightly to the rafters, without gaps. We install lathing on the heat-insulating layer with a pitch of 500 mm, which will fix the insulation.

We build an attic with our own hands, installation of roofing material

We lay a waterproofing layer on the sheathing, which will protect wooden elements from moisture. The roof is laid on the waterproofing.

Do-it-yourself attic construction, video materials clearly demonstrate how to correctly install rafters in practice.

This video shows typical mistakes made when installing an attic floor.

Features of adding an attic with your own hands to an old house

If you plan to complete the attic in an old private house or country house to create additional living space, then in this case the issue of dismantling the roof is relevant. You can dismantle it yourself; be sure to follow safety precautions so that the beams do not fall on your head.

The construction of an attic involves certain loads on the foundation and walls of the building. It is especially important to correctly distribute the loads on the walls, so before building the attic, the load-bearing wall structures are carefully strengthened.

Important: When designing, the strength of the walls should be taken into account, taking into account the wear and tear of the structure.

The ceiling of an old house is both the ceiling of the adjacent floor and the floor of the attic, so it is necessary to take into account the movement of warm and humid flows so that condensation does not form in the ceiling, and as a result, rot and fungi. To avoid problems, it is also necessary to waterproof the ceiling.

After completing the preparatory procedures, you can begin to join and construct the attic floor. During completion, it is important to strictly adhere to the design scheme for the construction of walls and. Violation of the project not only entails deviations from, but also improper distribution of the load on the supporting structures can lead to the destruction of the walls and foundation of the house.

The simplest and reliable way to increase the usable living space in an old house - this is a do-it-yourself attic. A video on how to build an attic floor in a frame house will help you avoid global mistakes and tell you the nuances of how best to build an attic with your own hands. Work carried out in accordance with the attic floor construction technology guarantees the reliability and safe operation of the extension.

Creating an attic - a popular type of room - with your own hands today is not difficult. Let's look at all the stages of construction, as well as the pros and cons of this design.

Peculiarities

Home is a place where we would like to surround ourselves with comfort, have the opportunity to relax with our family and work. Sometimes this becomes impossible due to a lack of square meters. How to make your home spacious and comfortable? Construction technologies have stepped far forward - resources have appeared that allow you to expand the occupied space with your own hands through extensions. But if there is not enough land, then the attic would be the most successful option!

Currently, this is a fashionable design for private homes. Back in the 17th century, the attic was conceived as a way to expand housing for the poor. And thanks to the French architect Mansard, converting roofs into residential apartments has become very popular among the rich. This, by the way, is where the name came from - attic.

Many people ask the question: “Attic or additional floor?” It’s worth clarifying right away that these are two different things. Before choosing one or another option, weigh all the pros and cons, pros and cons, consider the purpose of your home (dacha or permanent place accommodation), your marital status, and budget. It will be much more economical to build an attic than a full second floor.

In this article we will tell you how to significantly transform usable area at minimum investment. And you can handle all the necessary activities on your own.

Installation and arrangement of an attic, the facade of which is completely or partially formed by the surface of a sloping roof, is a vast scope for imagination and creativity. So much space shouldn't be wasted! This would be a great studio, office or place to store unnecessary things. But isn't it too wasteful to turn precious meters of space into a warehouse?

Typically, attic spaces are provided for children who like to stay in high levels, and besides, low beams often cause some inconvenience for adults. This is the very last floor, and the higher, the better the view, without a doubt. Presence of pipes, proximity to the roof, remote balcony, flat ceiling - all this will become a stylish aid for creating architectural design.

An objective assessment of the specifics and knowledge of the constructive qualities of this type of superstructure give a chance that everything will work out as well as possible, no damage will be caused to the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house, and the home will last a long time. Believe me, the attic is very useful thing!

The most good decision- This is a frame attic. Before you begin designing plans for the addition, you must ensure that the floor below can support the additional load. After all, every person who comes across a building knows that the main building is located on load-bearing structure, which is calculated based on the entire mass of the structure. Therefore, at the beginning of construction it is necessary to do necessary calculations, and also check the foundation to see if there are cracks or any damage on it. If necessary, the base will need to be strengthened. At this stage, it is best to turn to professionals.

Based on how the roof is constructed, appearance attic can be different. As a rule, the attic occupies the entire top floor, although sometimes there are options located on one side of the longitudinal axis of the building. It is not often that you see attics extending beyond the lower structures.

Most often, the roof is gable or sloping. A more complex type of gable configuration is popular: the roof consists of two planes. But we will discuss each of them in more detail a little later. Windows, large or small, located on the ceiling, let in many times more light than regular windows in rooms on the lower floors.

When choosing a roofing covering, maintain harmony so as not to disturb the combination of the shape of the attic floor and the roof.

You can also immediately insulate the room with SIP panels. As a result, you will get a lightweight structure that consists of more than 50% lightweight polystyrene foam, therefore, it does not create a load on the walls and ceilings.

There are several design considerations that cannot be ignored.

take thermal insulation seriously, which should be strengthened, because it is the roof that often “suffers” from frequent and sometimes severe temperature changes;
it is important to carry out waterproofing conscientiously so that over time the insulation does not get wet;
Proper ventilation must be provided between the thermal insulation layer and the roof.

The parameters of the rafter structure must be determined by the further construction of thermal insulation, which is placed between the timber rafters and has a thickness of at least 20 cm. The rafters must be at least 25 by 25 cm.

The main indicators of wood that are important for the design of the system are resistance to bending and compression, the required density and humidity.

Wooden rafters, in turn, require treatment with antiseptics or fire-bioprotective structures and must have fire resistance limits.

Designers advise leaving the attic space intact. However, if there is a need to separate rooms, then it is better to build partitions using plasterboard.

Let's also consider the disadvantages of this type of adjustment:

due to the sloping roof, unlike a regular floor, the size of the attic area will be smaller;
the height must be optimal, otherwise there will be problems with closing/opening doors;
psychological factor: sometimes it seems to people that there is not enough air, every time they want to bend down, a person may feel discomfort;
regardless of the type of roof covering and even the correct installation of sound insulation, sounds from rain will penetrate into the room;
it is important to properly think through the heating system;
the stairs leading to the attic may be too steep and therefore unsafe.

Design options and materials

Using the advice of experts, carefully develop the future design of the attic space. After this, prepare the design of the attic, since it is not just a certain number of square meters, but the individuality of the facade - the pride of the building. The appearance and interior depend on the coating methods and materials for the roof.

There are several types of roofing.

Single-pitch

The simplest option, which is a sloping area fixed to load-bearing walls. Advantages: simplicity of calculations and installation work, due to its low weight it is suitable for buildings on simplified foundations. Disadvantages: not the most attractive appearance, sensitivity to loads (snow).

Gable

One of the most common options. This structure consists of two opposite slopes, resting on the walls of the building that serve as support and connecting at the top with a ridge. Material investments in a gable roof are quite small, but it looks aesthetically attractive. The construction of a gable roof includes: rafters, sheathing, inclined planes, Mauerlat, horizontal ribs, ridge, valleys, overhangs.

Broken

The broken roof structure is a subtype of the gable roof, but with a more complex configuration. Because of the shape and the presence of broken lines, this name came about. Such a roof gives the house solidity and solidity.

Hip or hip

One of the strongest and most resistant to strong winds and leaks during precipitation, roofing systems, where instead of gables, two triangular slopes are installed. Complex installation is a disadvantage of this design: it requires precision when calculating the rafter system and installing the frame. For this reason, design is usually left to professionals.

Multi-forceps

Among all the structures, the most complex, but at the same time the most interesting, is considered to be the multi-pincer one. It is characterized by the presence of several pediments (3 or more). A big plus is the ability to cover several rooms with one level. But in general, this type of attic works mainly on architectural style and design.

The attic part is divided into two types. It could be:

single-level- enough practical option in execution, which does not require complex development and serious calculations;
two-level- This is a complex building to construct, the design of which is created immediately together with the house.

Current construction technologies make it possible to make different types of balconies in the attic. To select the desired design, the design features of the lower floor should be considered. And it doesn’t matter whether the balcony was included in the plan in advance, it can be done at the end of all stages of construction.

The most successful location option is at the end. In this case, the balcony will resemble a loggia. It is erected together with the attic, which allows you to use part of the roof as a canopy, and the ceiling of the floor as a floor.

Another type of construction is the option when the balcony is located in the roof part. At the stage of covering the roof, part of the building is left without covering so that a balcony can be arranged there.

Drawings and calculations

The main parameter when planning an attic floor is the ceiling level, the optimal height of which should be at least 2.5 m. Make a drawing before actual construction, evaluate everything and indicate accurate calculations so that everything can be built accurately. The most ideal option is a broken line gable roof, but then as many load-bearing supports as possible should be installed for sufficient reliability, since this type of roof increases the pressure on the walls.

Don’t forget to include the ventilation system, as well as windows and pipes in your calculations. stove heating, if any are expected.

The height of the superstructure itself has no limit, but the lower ends must be at least 90 cm.

The plan must contain all the information about the features of the form, geometric dimensions and slope angles.

After an accurate calculation of the rafter system of the attic roof has been completed, you should purchase everything necessary materials and prepare the roof. Only after this can construction begin.

Stages of making an attic with your own hands

It is very important to choose the design and style of the interior at the initial stage, as well as decide on finishing materials. You should listen to the opinion professional designers who advise using only high-quality raw materials. We will tell you step by step about all stages of construction.

Roof

So, the first stage is the development of a project for a new future roof in the old premises. It doesn’t matter whether it is single-pitch, gable or broken, without a doubt, the appearance of the result will directly depend on the structural properties of the roof, as well as the raw materials used. Make a diagram from different perspectives to better understand how to place the elements of the rafter system. It is most important to accurately calculate the height of the roof ridge, because the size of the area under it depends on it.

We take the height of the ridge to be approximately 3.5 m - with the independent construction of the frame, which allows you to straighten up to your full height.

It is important to remember that in order to build a frame with your own hands, you must know about the existence of two types of rafter systems: inclined and hanging. They differ from each other in the method of attaching the units to the walls.

In houses where there is no load-bearing wall, the mechanism of hanging rafters will be used, which will be supported only on the walls of the house and connected to each other with nails or screws using corner plates. In this case, the width of a single-span building, where this type of rafters is assumed, cannot exceed 6 m. If the parameters of the house are larger, for example, when the span width exceeds 9 m, then more struts have to be made.

In two-span houses, where there is only a middle supporting wall, layered rafters are made. In this case, three foundation points (two on the outer walls of the house and one on the inner) depend on the width of the building: more than 10 m - one support, and with a width of about 15 m, two supports will be needed. The rafters are attached to each other using corner pads. The sheathing itself is made of slats or boards.

Steam and thermal insulation are key stages in creating an attic. Film is laid over the sheathing membrane type, which will protect against moisture penetration, and glass wool is laid on the inside for insulation.

The next stage is the installation of the roof, internal processing and design of walls and partitions, as well as installation of windows.

As we have already said above, the most successful would be to use metal tiles or corrugated sheets as a roofing material.

Floors

First, take care of sound and thermal insulation from the floor below. This task can be accomplished in several ways: backfilling expanded clay or laying mineral wool slabs. Both methods require protection from moisture with hydrofilms. Also pay attention to wooden interfloor covering. Here, insulation is performed by bandaging the seams of the insulation and beams.

Choose flooring to suit your taste. It can be ceramics, parquet or laminate.

Windows

Windows for the attic are quite labor-intensive, although worth it process, so consider whether you can do it alone. In fact, they are not particularly different from facade ones, but there is one serious difference - a special type of opening. In addition, during installation you will have to disassemble the metal tiles, while trying to maintain waterproofing. But this is not scary, because it is thanks to the windows that the room becomes much lighter and more spacious!

It is very important to know that if snow and ice are not regularly cleared, the window may be subject to temperature changes, so it is important to select models in accordance with the climate in which you live.

Heating selection

For comfortable living and use of the premises, you also need to take care of heating the attic. It should not only maintain and retain heat inside, but also be safe and economical.

All details must be taken into account initial stages design. We bring to your attention several methods of heating the attic floor.

Fireplace. An effective, comfortable and completely safe way.
If your home already has a heating system downstairs, then you only need to install additional pipes and a battery.

Installation of an independent heating system only for the attic - the most the right decision. It is possible to install absolutely any heating boilers, while observing the necessary safety measures. But more comfortable - turbocharged ones gas boilers, which do not require a separate room. They are wall mounted and very easy to use.
"Warm floors". To create a comfortable indoor microclimate, you can install heated floors. This can be done either with your own hands or with the help of specialists. In any case, this is a fairly economical option.

Important point – competent arrangement ventilation. This is the only way the attic heating will work well.

Insulation and ventilation

Since the attic has the largest area of contact with the street compared to the lower floors, its insulation should be treated very carefully. Today the market offers a variety of insulating materials. However, when solving this problem regarding complete thermal insulation and vapor barrier for a home, do not forget about the main conditions, and then this will reduce not only heat loss and heating costs for the house, but also protect the ceiling and walls from dampness, rot and wetness, and the formation of ice on the roof . The choice of materials for the “roofing cake” must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.

When you choose finishing in a store, focus primarily on the characteristics of your home. For example, where it is hot in summer and frosty in winter, the insulation must be resistant to external circumstances. Therefore, one of the main conditions will be thickness. The colder it is, the denser it should be, and, conversely, if you live in the south, where in winter the temperature practically never drops below zero, you can choose a thinner material.

The most versatile and most budget-friendly is based on mineral wool; expanded polystyrene is less commonly used. Sometimes an insulation layer can be used, consisting of modern backfill agents or materials in the form of a liquid that is sprayed onto the walls and hardens into a durable form. In all these cases, the roof will be no less stable.

With the correct assembly of the “roofing cake”, the structure of which consists of metal tiles or corrugated sheets, sheathing, waterproofing membrane, rafter system, properly equipped ventilation of the under-roof space is sure to extend the life of your roof. Never play the “whether it will blow or not” lottery, but take the advice of experts on your mind.

To create a beautiful and cozy living space, you can use it as finishing material wood from inside, various types composite panels, HPL panels (or in Russian LVD - laminate high pressure). No less popular is the attic, decorated with your own hands using plasterboard sheets (GKL).

Roof covering should be made of lightweight materials: corrugated sheets, metal tiles and similar materials that can lighten the weight of the mechanism, taking into account the load that will be transferred to the existing building.

To begin with, before remodeling the attic, you need to make drawings and draw up an estimate. This way you will see in advance what difficulties you will have to face.

It is quite difficult to develop a plan for an attic roof alone: certain knowledge and skills in design and carrying out specific calculations are important. You cannot make mistakes: then the structure of the building will be unreliable, and it can also damage common building. Although if the idea is not too complicated, then you can do it yourself.

Everything must be included in the estimate: from the start of construction to the decoration of the premises.

Partitions

One of the most simple tasks, which you can definitely handle with your own hands, is the installation of interior partitions. Typically, plasterboard and metal profiles are used for these purposes. Everything is done quite quickly and at minimal cost.

The design is simple: a frame, and plasterboard slabs are attached to it. At the end, the partition is sheathed. To do this, you can use clapboard, block house, imitation timber or even plywood with wallpaper - a matter of taste.

Finishing work

After insulating the attic, you should think about finishing. Of course, it all depends on how you will use this room. The unique geometry provides excellent prospects for creative design solutions. Let us immediately note that the finishing process is a complex of tasks, each of which has its own function. Let's take a closer look at finishing materials.

The most popular material is plastic lining . Advantages: unique, budget-friendly, environmentally friendly. The installation of the board can be different: diagonally or in a circle, horizontal or vertical. Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting fragility and, perhaps, weak resistance to negative factors.

Not the most expensive material - plywood sheet. It is quite easy to cover walls with it. It also has excellent sound and thermal insulation properties, no preliminary leveling of the surface is required before installation.
Finishing the attic with plasterboard will allow you to realize the most original design solutions: with its help you can create suspended ceilings, arches and even columns. At the same time, this material easily absorbs moisture, which is its negative side. But if you choose a special type that is resistant to moisture, then this finish will last you a very long time.

So, let's summarize and summarize the above.

To design a beautiful and high-quality attic you will need:

careful design of the future extension;
strengthening load-bearing walls and foundation;
roof removal;
erecting a frame (it will be quite easy for you to assemble it with your own hands);
roof insulation, waterproofing;
window installation;
interior finishing and insulation.

If you save too much, as practice shows, the house may end up being of poor quality and unattractive. Therefore, choose materials wisely, take into account the recommendations of experts, consult with relatives and friends, as well as with those who already have similar experience.