The roof in a private house can normally serve no more than fifteen years on average. Of course, this is only possible if all basic rules and regulations are observed when installing it. During operation roofing periodically there is a need to carry out certain repair work.
In what sequence should roof repair activities be carried out?
First, you need to determine whether there are any defects that need to be corrected.
During a visual inspection, you should pay attention to the following points:
- Presence of gaps at the joints of roofing sheets;
- Availability on the outside roofs of visual holes and depressions, which are places where rainwater and moisture accumulate;
- Detection of swollen areas on the roof surface. This fact indicates that water and moisture have entered under the protective roofing layer;
- Identify places where rot and mold occur;
- Visually evaluate the roof for the presence of cracks and deformation of the roofing surface.
Technical inspection soft roof Inspection of a private home must be carried out every year, preferably in spring and autumn. Identifying damage sites as early as possible will allow defects to be corrected in a cheap and quick way.
Real estimate technical condition roofing will help you draw a conclusion about the type of repair needed for a given roof.
Types of roofing repairs
Roofing work can be of the following types:
- Emergency roofing repairs;
- Current repair activities;
- Major renovation soft roof.
Emergency work provide for the urgent need to restore the roof of a private house. Typically, this work includes replacing the roofing in areas where leaks have occurred. Restoration measures cover up to twenty percent of the total roof area.
Current repairs about forty percent of the entire soft roof area is covered. It is best to carry it out every year after a preliminary visual inspection.
Current repairs may include the following work:
- Partial replacement of damaged areas of the roof;
- Measures to install temporary patches.
Need for major repairs occurs when more than forty percent of the soft roof area needs to be restored. In order to completely bring everyone back to normal performance characteristics, the entire roof covering or the largest part of it is replaced.
Usually, the urgent need to carry out restoration work is associated with partial destruction of the bitumen layer, which threatens to reduce the hydro- and vapor barrier properties of the roof, and this, in turn, means that water and moisture from the outside will begin to seep into the living space.
If you plan to do it yourself roofing works, it is necessary to study some literature and develop a plan of construction activities.
How to choose roofing material
You need to know that low air temperatures have an extremely negative effect on certain types of roofing material. You need to choose only the material that will not break in severe frosts.
Roofing experts recommend using the following types of materials:
- A variety of soft tiles;
- Profiled sheeting;
- Metal tiles.
Features of budgeting
soft roof repair
Very often you can hear the opinion that estimates need to be drawn up only when carrying out major roof repair work. apartment building, garage or other buildings. In fact, this is far from the case. An estimate is needed when carrying out any repairs, since it is necessary to calculate both the volume of work and the price, the cost of the repairs carried out, and the price of the service.
The estimate must indicate each stage of repair work, and the accompanying this stage the amount of material needed.
Thus, we can give the following sample list repair activities:
- Removal of deteriorated coating. This can be done both over the entire roof area and only from damaged areas;
- Work on preparing and cleaning the roof surface to place a new layer of roofing;
- Installation of soft roofing;
- Measures to seal joints;
- Work on creating the top layer of waterproofing.
The repair estimate must include the cost of purchasing both consumables and combustible materials. It is necessary to take into account the costs of delivering the necessary materials.
To make counting easier required quantity building material, you can use a photograph of the roof being repaired. If it is difficult to draw up an accurate estimate on your own, you can contact specialist estimators with these questions.
Current repair of the soft roof of a private house
Current repairs of soft roofs can be carried out in two ways.
First way
Repair work consists of creating “patches” on damaged areas of the roof, as well as connecting broken seams.
Patching defective areas consists of the following activities:
- All damaged areas of roofing material are removed. They can be cut out completely or pierced;
- The roofing surface is cleared of all types of debris;
- The area of the roof that is damaged is filled with sealant or bitumen mastic;
- A roofing material sheet is placed on top of the mastic layer, which should be larger in size than the area being repaired.
- A bitumen layer is again applied on top of the roofing material, which is distributed evenly over the entire sheet using a construction roller.
Elimination of defects on the fused roof is carried out using polymer-bitumen roll coverings and gas burners.
Second way
In the event that you only need to connect the separated seams, then you need to perform the following manipulations:
- Carefully lift the loose sheets, without tearing them away from the roof itself, and try to dry them thoroughly;
- Impregnate the damaged area with a layer of bitumen;
- Return the roofing sheets to their original place and apply bitumen on top of the joining seam.
Major repairs of soft roofing
Sometimes it happens that the roof is so neglected that no patches or treatments can save it. In this case, it is necessary to carry out major repairs of the soft roof. Such work will be based on measures to completely replace the roofing material over the entire roof area.
The estimate drawn up for the overhaul of the soft roof, with this development of events, will increase several times.
When carrying out major roof repairs, the following work will be performed:
In the case where there is a need to carry out all of the listed measures, the cost of repairs can be several times higher than the cost of conventional installation.
It should also be noted that even the most ordinary overhaul of a soft roof consists of the following:
- The soft roof is completely changed and partial renovation its foundations;
- A thorough inspection is carried out, as well as partial replacement of damaged areas of the roof.
How to check the quality of repair work performed?
The main question that concerns the owner of a house whose roof is being repaired with the help of specialists is how to check the quality of the work.
When checking, pay attention to the following:
- It is necessary to conduct a visual inspection of the repair site;
- Sheets of roofing material must be laid evenly, without visible distortions, runs or intersections;
- Assess the roof edges. They must fit tightly to the base of the roof so that they cannot be torn off by a strong gust of wind.
Repair of soft roofs in winter
Repairing the soft roof of a private house during the cold winter period is not recommended. But often it is during this period that defects are identified, and they must be eliminated immediately.
Repair work in winter must be carried out taking into account the need for increased safety.
In this cold and unfavorable time construction work time of year, it is possible to carry out repair work only in the following cases:
- If the roof of a household unexpectedly suffered extremely serious damage, which could have happened due to a strong snowstorm or a very large and heavy object falling on the roof;
- In the event that due to the large volume atmospheric precipitation the roof sagged in the form of snow;
- The sudden thaw resulted in water leaks.
It is quite obvious that each of these situations may well entail more serious consequences, in the form of a change in the original condition of the roof and wall coverings. In addition, there may be short circuit and the roof itself will catch fire, and then the house.
In order to avoid dire consequences, of course, it is necessary to immediately restore normal condition soft roof.
Safety precautions when performing
roofing work yourself
When performing repair work to restore a soft roof, you must follow the following rules:
- You need to first think through all the necessary equipment. It should be comfortable and without a large number of straps and straps;
- You need to be especially careful when choosing shoes. It must have a non-slip surface;
- IN winter period, the days are short and it gets dark quickly, therefore, you need to think in advance about how to illuminate the roof, otherwise you will have to interrupt work immediately after dismantling the roof at the site of damage;
- It is worth taking a first aid kit with you to the roof to provide first aid if necessary;
- Before repair work is carried out in winter It is necessary to thoroughly clean the roof surface from snow and ice. For this purpose, you can use a rubberized scraper;
- Material serving as a future patch, must be kept in warm room until the moment of its use;
- Absolutely any capital work Repairing a soft roof should be done together with a partner. It is not recommended to patch the roof yourself. You can try to install a new roof with your own hands, but repairs are simply not possible for one person.
Innovations in repairing the soft roof of a private house
Recently, innovative technology for repairing soft roofs has been increasingly used. It consists in using liquid rubber as a repair material. This method renovation is relatively new, quite safe. It eliminates the need to repeatedly contact a specialist for subsequent repairs.
Our roofers are ready to carry out installation from scratch and eliminate any defects in short time. We recommend that you contact us immediately if you discover the following defects:
- Formation of swellings and deformations on the surface of the roofing covering;
- The appearance of fungus and signs of rotting;
- Detection of areas of water accumulation on the surface. To look for damage, you can pour water on the roof to find areas where moisture has accumulated. They are marked with chalk and then they begin to repair the damage;
- Problems with overlap at joints;
- Mechanical damage to the material as a result of careless work (installation of antennas, removal of ice and snow).
If you think that everything is in order with the roof of your house, but you want to make sure of this and prevent the formation of defects, then we recommend carrying out routine repairs. It includes a visual inspection of the roofing surface.
As a rule, even if you thought that the roof was in order, problems such as small cracks or leaks at the joints will still be discovered. This is the most common type of soft roof repair.
Capital installation work are considered the most expensive and are done in case of serious damage, when the tightness is broken and moisture penetrates into the premises.
Emergency repairs are also called urgent repairs. It is necessary in case of sudden damage, for example due to a fallen tree or strong wind.
Today it is considered one of the most popular roofing materials, used both for covering private houses, bathhouses, garages, and for multi-story construction. Roofing coverings in this group include piece and roll products made from bitumen and fiberglass. The undoubted advantages of this material are ease of installation, high noise, hydro and thermal insulation. Unlike working with other coatings, the technology for repairing a soft roof will not require a lot of time and labor, which makes it possible to carry out all the actions yourself.
Possible defects in soft roofing
To timely prevent unpleasant moments associated with violation of the integrity of the roofing covering, the roof of the house must be periodically inspected for the presence of damage such as:
- swelling of the coating;
- the appearance of fungus, moss and rotting in holes and cracks that contribute to the accumulation of water;
- peeling in areas of overlap and places where material sheets join;
- mechanical defects resulting from contact of the roof with guy wires, antennas, branches, and ice.
To increase the service life of soft roofing, external inspections should be carried out at least twice a year in order to detect and promptly eliminate visible defects. The roof needs regular cleaning of branches, debris and building materials, remaining on the roof after the construction of over-roof structures, in order to avoid their possible recessing into the roofing sheet.
When choosing materials for repairing soft roofs, it is recommended to pay attention to their most popular types:
- for the top layer - uniflex, linocrom, isoplast, isoelast (have a service life of more than 10 years);
- for the bottom layer - bireplast, glass elast, technoelast (they are elastic and create additional thermal insulation).
Materials for the top layer must contain mineral powder to protect against solar radiation, their thickness ranges from 4.5 to 5 mm. The thickness of the materials for the bottom layer is from 3 to 3.5 mm.
Choice of mastic
The top layer of soft roll sheet is laid using bitumen-polymer material, which forms a solid elastic coating that can withstand mechanical and temperature deformations of the base. Mastic for repairing soft roofs can be used both cold and hot.
Cold mastic (bitumen and roofing felt) is used to repair the internal layers of the roof, hot material(roofing felt and tar) - as an external coating. A prerequisite is that the mastic contains bitumen and a dust-type mixture, for example, gypsum, lime and ash.
When repairing soft roofs with your own hands, you can also make bitumen mastic yourself. A cold mixture is formed by mixing one portion of filler with two portions of bitumen and the same amount of gasoline. You can mix the components only after all the water in the bitumen heated to 180 degrees has completely evaporated. Next, the mass is cooled and taken directly to work.
To prepare hot mastic, you will need a boiler in which the bitumen must be heated to 200 degrees, slowly adding filler. During the mixing process, the temperature should not fall below 160 degrees, otherwise the bitumen mass will be of poor quality.
It should be remembered that heated bitumen must be poured into gasoline, and under no circumstances should gasoline be poured into bitumen! It is necessary to stir the contents of the boiler with a wooden stick. Bituminous mastic is not intended for long-term storage; work with it must begin immediately after preparation.
Features of soft roof repair
Before repairing a soft roof, a visual inspection of the roof surface is carried out in order to determine the scale of work. There are three types of repairs:
- Current, aimed at eliminating small defects in the roofing sheet (cracks, holes, loose joints).
- Major - necessary when current repairs are not able to ensure proper waterproofness of the roof.
- Emergency - performed as a result of a leak, or after unexpected damage to the roof surface.
To remove small holes and cracks, defects are filled with bitumen mastic, a piece of roofing material is glued, and then an additional layer of bitumen is applied on top. The connection of separated joints is carried out as follows: the material is raised, the space under it is dried with a burner, then bitumen is applied to the dry area, and the material is lowered again. The problematic joint is once again treated with mastic.
Major repairs of soft roll roofing are carried out according to the following scheme:
- the worn coating is removed;
- the cement screed is restored and, if necessary, heat, steam and waterproofing is laid;
- New roofing material is being laid.
To eliminate possible accumulation of water on the surface of the roof, fill it with water and mark with chalk the areas where the water does not drain. Drain off the water and dry the roof, then fill the marked areas hot mastic or lay an additional layer of roofing felt no more than 1 mm thick. The final stage will be laying the top layer of the roof followed by applying a special composition to it that neutralizes negative impact external environment.
Before starting restoration work, it is necessary to prepare the following equipment for soft roof repair:
- gas burner (you can heat the coating blowtorch, however in this case the work process will be significantly delayed);
- an ax or installation cutter for dismantling the old coating;
- sharp knife for cutting material;
- maclavits for applying primer and bitumen mastic;
- broom or broom to remove debris.
Carrying out roof repairs in winter time, a wooden shovel should be added to the listed equipment to clear the roof surface of snow. Don’t forget about overalls; it is not recommended to start work without gloves, boots and work pants made of thick fabric.
An important condition safe work With gas burner is the use of safety glasses.
Innovative trends in soft roof repairs
Seasonal temperature changes have detrimental consequences for soft covering, leading to cracking, swelling and exposed areas of the roof. Using outdated methods, the need for partial or major repairs of the roofing sheet arises once every 1-2 years, bringing with it additional expenses for dismantling old and purchasing new material. The technology for repairing soft roofs using liquid rubber is relatively new and safe method, widely used in modern construction.
Innovative technology makes it possible to eliminate current and major repairs of the roof for a period of about 30-50 years thanks to such quality indicators as:
- safety - a two-component emulsion on an aqueous polymer-bitumen base is applied special equipment cold spraying method, which eliminates the risk of fire during construction work; the substance does not contain harmful volatile compounds;
- durability - the material applied to the surface hardens almost immediately, forming a reliable rubber membrane that is resistant to high and low temperatures;
- high elasticity – ultimate elongation coefficient finished coating is more than 1000%, which gives this material the ability to “self-heal”.
The new technology for repairing the soft roof of a house has long gained popularity among foreign construction companies due to the absence of the disadvantages inherent in the outdated method based on the use of soft bitumen coatings. Liquid rubber can be used on both flat and pitched structures, and the ease of application of the canvas allows you to carry out all the work without the help of professionals.
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Let's face the sad truth - repair of soft roofs, flat roofs, roll materials it is required much more often than we would like. But it's not that bad! If you carry out this repair in accordance with the requirements of the technology, it will last at least ten to twelve years, or even longer. Here we will look how to repair a soft, rolled or flat roof, the most common damage, methods for eliminating them. We will also find out the destructive factors that lead to damage to the coating.
What is and how to repair a soft roof
First, you need to understand what a soft, rolled roof is and what it consists of, in order to determine the nature of the damage and the necessary measures for repair. Soft roofing (also known as flat roofing or roofing made from roll materials) is so called because a layer of flexible, “soft” materials produced in the form of rolls serves as protection against moisture. They are a base made of cardboard, fiberglass, fabric, on top of which a layer of bitumen is applied.
This type of roofing received the name “flat” because of its small slopes (3-5%), in contrast to those made from sheet and piece materials. More details can be found by following the link.
The main methods of laying roll roofing are:
1.
gluing on bitumen mastic;
2.
fusing with a gas burner or other device that creates a high-temperature air stream.
However, the differences in the methods of installing a soft roof relate to the final stage of work - laying the rolled carpet. A section of a soft roof “sandwich” consists of the following layers (see Fig. 1).
1. Base. The base is the floor structures. It can be reinforced concrete slabs(panels), wood or metal flooring.
2. Vapor barrier. Arranged if there is insulation. The purpose of a vapor barrier is to protect the insulation from vaporous moisture.
3. Insulation. More often, loose-fill, rigid insulation materials are used (expanded clay crushed stone, furnace or blast furnace slag; foam aerated concrete), less often slabs made of rigid mini-slabs. This layer is often used to create the required roof slope.
4. Screed. Creates a hard, even “shell” on top of the insulation, for gluing the actual rolled carpet. Executed from cement-sand mortar brands 120-150. To increase strength, the screed is often reinforced with a wire mesh having cells of 100x100, 150x150 mm and made of 2.5-3 mm smooth wire.
5. Primer. Serves to increase the adhesion of the cement screed. Made from bitumen and solvents. You can make your own primer by mixing molten bitumen with diesel fuel in a ratio of 1:3. Instead of diesel fuel, to reduce the cost, they use inexpensive oil. For example, transformer, “axial”, used motor. Bituminous primer is also known as “primer”.
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Soft roofing is quite easy to install and is available to the vast majority of developers, which is why it has remained very popular for many years. Unfortunately, nothing lasts forever, and breakdowns often occur with any objects and mechanisms that surround us, and roof cladding is no exception. Repair of a soft roof happens quite often, and the owners of the house have to fix it, sometimes even a couple of times a year people fix the defects that have appeared. The only good thing is that for such work it is not necessary to involve craftsmen, because the entire restoration process can be done with your own hands.
A plan for repair work is usually drawn up after a thorough inspection of the roof, which allows us to identify all the problems that have arisen. There are two standard way roofing repair:
- major repairs of soft roofing;
- current elimination of defects.
Each of these methods is performed using a separate technology, within which it is recommended to use various materials, and if there is an urgent need, you can get to work even in winter.
The main reason for the frequent wear of roofing material lies in the properties of bitumen, which is susceptible to exposure to sunlight and high temperature begins to melt, hence the defects, expressed as swellings and irregularities, affecting the further operation of the structure. The thing is that when precipitation falls, it accumulates in the formed depressions. rainwater or melted snow seeping through cracks in the bitumen. But even in winter you can encounter some problems, because during a thaw the snow melts, and with a sharp drop in temperature it turns into ice, which widens the cracks in the material and tears it.
To determine if the sheathing needs repair, carefully examine the roof surface. If the waterproofing has peeled off in some places, cracks have appeared, bitumen has swollen or depressions have been discovered, or moss has grown in, repair of the soft roof is inevitable. If the defects are minor, you'll be fine minor repairs and you can easily handle it yourself.
Ongoing roof repairs
Let’s say right away that major repairs can be made less expensive if you carry out a preventive process every three years. As for the current repair, it provides for minimal cladding errors, and you do not need to dismantle old rolled materials with dried mastic, which, in fact, require repair. Here you will need to update the existing layer, namely:
- elimination of bubbles;
- replacement of funnels for water drainage;
- replacement of parapet covering or eaves overhangs;
- covering the old layer with primers;
- fusing new waterproofing.
Experienced masters advise Special attention give the most problem areas, which are the joints of roofing elements, parapet structures and walls, as well as those areas where drains are fixed. In some cases, you can limit yourself to patches, but they often do not give a lasting result and are not a guarantee further exploitation roofs without leaks.
The soft roof repair technology consists of several stages, namely:
- Cleaning the surface of debris, dirt and moss;
- Examination of the surface for the presence of rot, and if it is detected, such segments should be cut off, capturing undamaged material (up to 2 cm on each side);
- Leveling unevenness with a special mastic, which will require mortar materials such as a cement composition;
- Cutting off all bubbles, removing dust, drying the surface and leveling it to firmly fix the patch;
- A patch is cut from new material with an allowance of 5 cm;
- Lubricating the surface with mastic and gluing patches.
Please note that the reverse side of the patch must be treated with bitumen mastic. Next in the work you will need a torch, which needs to heat the patch, after which it is pressed with a press.
Repair over old coating
In professional circles, the expression is known as “old repair,” which means dismantling old roofing materials is not necessary, and defects are eliminated on top of them. This method is much cheaper and easier to implement than major repairs of a soft roof. It can be easily done with your own hands, which is why this method is used most often.
Laying new layers on top of old ones IN in this case old roofing materials with defects identified will serve as the basis for a new coating. The final coating can be applied in one or two layers - it all depends on the scale of the disaster and the financial capabilities of the owner of the house, but a double carpet, of course, is better and more reliable, since its strength is higher. However, one cannot fail to mention that it is necessary to take into account the possibilities rafter system, because here the load on the roof surface increases by 5 kg/1m2 due to the rolled cladding, and additional weight is given by the mastic on which it is glued. Repairing soft roll roofing using this principle is suitable for a roof that is not in a completely deplorable condition. If the old roll cladding is very bad, the risk will be unjustified, and it is better to immediately get ready for a major repair. Also, this method should be abandoned if the previously laid layers of bitumen exceed the permissible norm (maximum 6 - 8 layers), again due to the severity of the materials.
Major repairs of soft roofing
If you have carried out an inspection and found that a significant area of the roof has been damaged, and defects reach 60% of the entire surface, patches and mastic will not be enough. In this case, only complete dismantling of the dilapidated damaged cladding and installation of soft material in a new way. As a rule, major repairs are resorted to in the event of regular and excessive roof leaks, as a result of which the insulation is damaged and loses its properties or the cladding freezes.
TO minimum set Work on major repairs of the roof can include dismantling bitumen and replacing it with new material, lubricated with mastic, replacing funnels and cornices, drying insulation using special devices, replacing the parapet structure. If the condition of the roof is more than deplorable, and the defects affected the rafter system, you will have to update not only the cladding, but also the frame with vapor barrier and insulation, and the order of work will be as follows:
- We dismantle old materials;
- We eliminate screed defects;
- We carry out the entire roofing process in a new way.
It is better to do a major overhaul of a soft roof with your own hands with assistants, because here you will have to tinker not only with bitumen and mastic, but you will also need to install some roof elements that are difficult for one person to lift, let alone fix.
This video shows in detail the entire roof installation process. After viewing, you will be able to do all the work yourself.
