Preparing walls for applying decorative plaster. Preparing walls for decorative plaster

One type of finishing coating for wall surfaces is decorative plaster. If earlier we understood the word plaster as simple, improved or high-quality plaster for leveling the surface of walls, then today finishing types have appeared that create beautiful design when finishing residential and public buildings– these are textured, façade, structural, Venetian and others. They are used for interior and exterior work, but with different characteristics compositions.

I saw real masterpieces created by talented designers in the design of conference rooms, hotel lobbies, and residential buildings. But all these creations were preceded by high-quality preparation of the walls using the entire technological chain. Preparing walls is similar to preparing the surface for wallpapering, painting, or whitewashing. Decorative plasters have their own thickness, are very flexible in work, and therefore are able to correct minor unevenness in the walls to which they are applied.

Preparing walls for decorative plaster - main technological stages

If we are talking about a newly built building, then the preparation of the walls begins with leveling plastering works using beacons, installation of window and door blocks, the whole range finishing works for finishing the ceiling and floor. We remove all the debris and only after that we begin finishing the walls.
If this is a current renovation, and you decide to change the wall covering, then preparation begins with cleaning the walls from their previous finish (paint, wallpaper, putty, etc.), degreasing if there are grease stains.
We check the strength of the base so that the surface of the walls does not “swell” by tapping. We remove low-quality areas, clear them and plaster them. Give time for the solution to set. Strength gain occurs within 28 days. But from experience I can say that as soon as the tent dries out (10-12 days, taking into account the humidity and temperature in the room), you can move on.
Further preparation of the walls consists of treating them with a primer ( deep penetration, thereby improving the adhesion of layers), which is necessary when preparing walls for decorative plaster.
To eliminate all roughness, apply putty. Depending on the thickness of the finishing layer, the thickness of the putty also depends. Let me explain. The thinner the thickness of the decorative plaster, the more ideal the preparation of the walls should be. If we apply decorative plaster in a thicker layer, it will hide small unevenness in the walls - in this case, the putty can be applied more thin layer. We glue sickle tape onto “difficult” joints to prevent cracks from forming. The putty must dry (at least a day), after which we sand the walls with a mesh.
The next stage is priming the walls. The quality of the finishing coating depends on how the walls are prepared for decorative plaster.

Observing everything technological processes When preparing the surface of the walls, followed by applying the decorative plaster of your choice, your interior will surprise you with a variety of colors, unusual wall textures, and non-standard design.

You need to prepare to create a masterpiece. No matter how high quality finishing material, all its advantages can be revealed only on properly prepared walls. Preparing walls for decorative plaster is not much different from preparing for applying any other type of finish. The surface must be cleaned of wallpaper residues, old paint, whitewashing, without trying to achieve ideal smoothness. Most compositions perfectly hide minor defects; your task is to eliminate large ones.

Preparation stages

Decorative plaster is the last stage of construction or renovation. Windows and doors must be installed, work on the ceiling and floor must be completed, the room must be cleared of construction debris, dust and dirt.
The surface is prepared as for painting. It must be leveled, scratches, chips, potholes, cracks must be repaired and covered acrylic primer, with the exception of matte ATF.
If the surface is not dense enough, it should be treated with strengthening or restorative primer. The primer strengthens the wall and serves additional protection from dampness and improves the adhesion of the coating to the surface. Room walls with high humidity subject to treatment with antifungal agents.
The cracks should be “opened” and filled with a special putty.
The primed surfaces are putty, each layer of putty must be dried for 24 hours.
To avoid cracking, it is recommended to use serpyanka or non-woven wallpaper. The joints must be thoroughly puttied and sanded after drying.
Each layer of putty is covered with deep penetration acrylic primer.
The use of finishing putty materials that prevent absorption, in particular, materials based on alabaster and oil-based adhesive, is not allowed.
Fine abrasive sandpaper is used to sand the surface.
Before painting begins, preliminary painting should be done. This procedure is necessary in order to preliminarily evaluate the invoice finished coating and its shade.

The above sequence of actions when preparing walls for decorative plaster is the most general. In each specific case, preparation may vary depending on the properties of the material, the characteristics of the room and desired result. The surface requirements are much lower when using structural compositions.

Structural plasters are a universal finishing material that can be used for any base surfaces both outside and inside the building. With their help, even the most ordinary house can become a masterpiece. Structural plaster plastic, easy to apply. Among its undoubted advantages are almost limitless possibilities for experimenting with surface texture and color.

Before deciding on a style revolution and choosing a method for applying decorative plaster, it is better to consult in detail with a finishing specialist. For all its promising efficiency, decorative compositions- not the best cheap material and only a thoughtful approach will help you avoid extra costs. We invite you to familiarize yourself with several dozen secrets for using this finishing material in the video below.

At the final stages of finishing, it plays a very important role. proper preparation walls under decorative plaster. The thing is that the aesthetic properties of such a material can be fully revealed only if they are not hampered by defects in the surface itself.

That's why to preparatory stage should be approached with full responsibility.

Structural decorative mixtures are truly universal material. Finishing is used both for outdoor and indoor use. With this decor skilled craftsman will be able to add personality and give a unique style to even the most ordinary, standard house.

The structural mixture has sufficient plasticity and is applied (if you have certain skills, of course!) very easily, so this type finishing is quite possible not only for professional builders, but also for self-taught craftsmen.

Additionally, there is the fact that it allows you to experiment with the texture and color of the resulting surface. The final design is limited only by your skill and imagination.

What should the surface be? Technology preparatory work not too different from preparing walls for painting and wallpapering. However, you shouldn’t be zealous either - the decorative mixture, due to its plasticity, perfectly hides all minor defects.

So we won’t need a perfectly smooth wall, but we will still have to work on eliminating large irregularities.

Surface preparation steps

It should be remembered that application decorative finishing- this is the final stage of finishing the premises (it doesn’t matter whether we are talking about the construction of a new house or a major renovation).

Apply as finishing touch when the windows and doors have already been installed, flooring laid, and also removed construction waste from the premises and walked through it with a vacuum cleaner.

If it was originally ordinary, the layer must stand for at least four weeks before decorative finishing.

Instructions:

Note! It is extremely undesirable to have oil stains on the base. If such stains are present, they should be removed with a solvent and the surface should be washed with a mild soap solution.

Cleaning

We carefully inspect the cleaned surface. If it is not dense enough, treat it with a primer with a restoring or strengthening effect. Compositions such as Acryl-Hidrosol (for surfaces prone to crumbling) and Tiefgrund TV (for old gypsum plaster or drywall), approximate price— from 160 rub. per liter

Note! If the room in which you plan to finish the walls has a high level of humidity, along with the primer, you should treat the walls with an antifungal compound.

Elimination of cracks

If the layer is thick enough, the texture of which has a pronounced appearance, puttying the surface is not necessary. But if you plan to apply a thin layer of smooth plaster, then you will need a perfectly flat surface. Otherwise, defects in the base will appear through the decor, and the consumption of the decorative coating will be much greater. And this can hit your pocket very hard!

Applying plaster

Note! In order for the putty not to delaminate, it must be impregnated, so give up the idea of using putties that prevent absorption (based on alabaster or oil-based adhesive).

After the putty is completed, sand the surface. Best result gives by hand sanding using fine-grained sandpaper.

The primer mixture for decorative plaster is applied taking into account the following points:

The thickness of the primer layer must be at least 20 mm, otherwise it is almost impossible to achieve uniformity of the decorative layer.
When troweling the primer, it requires significant compaction.
We draw out the worn and compacted primer into squares.
After the primer has been applied, moisturize it for at least 7 days (treat with a damp sponge 3-4 times a day)

Decorative plaster, both smooth and textured, can be applied to a surface treated in this way.

What complex and unusual things might involve preparing walls for decorative plaster? There are enough subtleties, so if you are not ready to learn and work on mistakes, then it is better to immediately turn to specialists. If you are serious, then let’s look at what points an ordinary citizen needs to take into account when undertaking such a complex procedure.

Responsible approach

If the site for applying decorative plaster has not been properly prepared, it will in no way be able to show its strengths, create an exquisite style at home or show off color, the unevenness of the previously prepared area makes such plaster ordinary; it may not only fail to make an impression, but even repel you. If you are careful and attentive, plaster will allow you to create a unique style, if you didn’t try, everything will go to waste. How can we remove surface defects?

If you are thinking about how to prepare walls for, then you need to understand, firstly, that using a decorative variation is the very last stage. Before this, we need to install windows, doors, flooring, remove all garbage from the room and go everywhere with a powerful vacuum cleaner.

Cleaning walls and premises

In addition, we must make sure that there is no dust or unevenness on the surface itself. work surface. Experienced specialists, for example, carry out the procedure of cleaning the room from dust 2-3 times in a row, they know very well that such a short procedure guarantees an application without any defects.

Stages of work

So, the instructions, even if they initially seem complicated, will gradually be mastered by you, the main thing is to treat them carefully and responsibly. You need, as professionals do, to observe every small stage of work, even if it seems unimportant to you:

Squeeze the roller before applying primer

Doing the work yourself requires careful application of the primer. We described this procedure above and you must remember that for various features surfaces have their own types of primer. The stage itself is not that difficult, you have nothing to be afraid of. In some places, you may not be very careful about the procedure - then everything will be leveled, the primer is very flexible for various types of corrections, and initially it is impossible to apply the primer perfectly evenly.

If you find any cracks, you need to expand them using an angle grinder, which is equipped with a durable diamond disc. Now that the gap has been widened and cleared of all excess, you can seal it with a high-quality repair compound. Try to look for professional versions of the composition, they are not much more expensive, but much better. If the gap is too deep, you will need to apply the compound in a couple of passes.

Now you need to apply a base layer of putty. It will serve to level the wall, as well as the basis for future decorative plaster. An important point is that only one parameter can save you from applying putty - you will apply a large layer of decorative plaster, which will hide some unevenness and not lose the quality of the color, which will be saturated. If you decide not to apply putty without reason, then the result will be disastrous, since there will be no flat surface, defects will appear, you will not receive desired color plaster, and replacing the entire coating will again hit your pocket.

Remember that each layer of putty is dried for 24 hours, and so on until a perfectly flat area is obtained. The putty will not crack if you use a special plaster mesh, which is also called serpyanka. The putty is applied with a specialized spatula. Better adhesion of layers is achieved only with the help of coating acrylic primer, which will improve the coverage and will be the final stage of preparation.

Applying plaster

After all types of preparatory work have been completed, it is necessary to begin applying plaster, but there is no need to rush here either. To begin with, you can choose a place on the treated wall that will be close to one of the corners. Now we can cover it with a layer of plaster and carefully look at the resulting structure of the coating, as well as the shade.

If something is wrong, you need to re-treat the wall, trim something, or add a thin layer of plaster of a different composition, from a different manufacturer. Do not be upset, such mistakes happen and the most important thing is that you did not cover the entire wall with plaster, then you would have wasted a lot of working material and complicated further corrections.

Plastering can be done using smooth or textured techniques. You can use a special primer for this. To do this you need:

Apply a fairly dense layer of primer of 20 mm, otherwise the decorative layer will not be uniform.
Next, it will be necessary to apply pressure on the primer during the grouting process when it has not completely hardened in order to compact it.
Then, we take a damp sponge and wet the soil, doing this 3-4 times a day for 7 days, which will allow us to apply texture plaster.

Applying plaster

As you already understand, there are a lot of options for applying plaster. You have plenty to choose from and they can help you in this regard finished projects, advice from professionals and home experimenters who were able to achieve success in the procedure. The application technology may involve combining two application styles, which will create a combined decorative plaster. So one stripe will be smooth and the other will be textured, which if you select various colors for these layers will create a chic style, but here, as you understand, great care and attention is needed. Although it will make life much easier masking tape, which will allow you to make some mistakes.

Simply put masking tape on the textured portion of the primer, then choose the color of stucco you want for the smooth lines and paint them all. Next, you will need to glue the smooth lines and paint the textured ones. There is no need to be afraid, masking tape is used by professional painters because it will not damage the already painted surface.

You can come up with ways to work with decorative plaster yourself, if you have enough imagination. You have already done the most important thing - you are working on a flat surface that does not distort colors, does not make smooth stripes uneven due to dust and some dimples on the wall. In addition, such decorative plaster will adhere to the surface incredibly firmly, and therefore will last for a very long time. In ten years, of course, it will lose its original external luster, but this is an excellent time for such an impressive decorative material, which opens up enormous opportunities for you.

The importance of preparatory work

Precisely for the reason that you can make mistakes in this procedure yourself, we pay close attention to each stage of the procedure. Defects can show up under the finish, making it very difficult to fix. This usually means that the work must start from scratch, which is a big investment in time and money.

A well-prepared site is a guarantee that the plaster will lay perfectly. Preparing walls for decorative plaster must be done slowly, and each stage of work must be checked repeatedly; it covers the wall with too thin a layer and cannot hide defects in the preparatory work.

Wall decoration with relief plaster is used for both interior and facade decoration of the house. This technology is becoming increasingly popular due to its original and aesthetically pleasing, durability of the coating, as well as a wide variety of application techniques. However, in order for the plaster layer to adhere reliably to the surface and not require additional repair and restoration work in the near future, the base for it must be well prepared.

Preparing the surface for decorative plaster includes several stages and has some nuances, which will be discussed in the publication below. Attention will also be paid to the tools necessary to carry out such work.

Tools and materials for preparatory work

Any construction operation requires certain tools. They are no exception preparatory activities for further plastering. Different tools may be needed, depending on whether the walls are “bare” or exposed to finishing, and what finishing material was previously applied to them.

If plaster has been applied to the walls and it has become unusable over time, that is, it has begun to crumble or peel off from the main wall, then to clean it you may need:

— A hammer and a hand chisel or a chisel attachment for a hammer drill.

— Wire brush for manual cleaning of walls or an attachment with metal bristles for an electric drill or sander.

— A vacuum cleaner or brush to remove dust and small remnants of the old coating from the surface of the walls.

For removal from walls ceramic tiles, and then cleaning them from glue residues use the same tools mentioned above.
If it is necessary to prepare a painted wall for plastering, then several methods can be used to remove layers of paint:

— Removing old paint using special compounds that soften its layers, making the coating easily cleaned off with a spatula.

— A construction hairdryer and a special scraper or spatula with a spatula made of thick, 1.5–2 mm thick metal.

— The already mentioned brush attachment with metal bristles, which is installed on an electric drill or grinder(“grinder”)

— An abrasive attachment on an electric drill - however, this method of removing the coating is only suitable if the paint was previously applied in a thin layer.

In addition, you will need a soft brush to remove any remaining dust from the wall, as well as a respirator to protect your respiratory tract and special glasses to prevent small particles from getting into your eyes.

To remove whitewash, you can also use an electric drill with a brush attachment, but in order not to raise a cloud of dust again, you can do this using water and a spatula. Water can be applied to the surface using a sponge or a roller with a fur attachment. Softened, wet whitewash is usually easily removed with a spatula or scraper.

Another effective method Removing whitewash from walls is a special remover that is added to water. The proportions for preparing the composition are indicated on the solution packaging.

There are several methods for removing old wallpaper using various instruments or special solutions.

Special perforated beacons are most often used as beacons. metal profiles, which are fixed to the wall in increments of 500÷600 mm using a quickly hardening mortar. Beacons are placed on the wall according to pre-made markings - how this is done is described in detail in the article, the link to which was already given above.

When the mortar slides fixing the beacon profiles harden, proceed to. Prepared solution (mixed yourself or made from ready-made dry construction mixture) is applied to the wall using the spray technique with a trowel or spatula. The thrown layer must have a thickness exceeding the height of the beacons by 12÷15 mm. Apply the mortar from the bottom of the wall - throwing it 300÷500 mm in height, level it as a rule, installing it on the beacons and moving it upward in a translational motion, with slight fluctuations to the left and right for better distribution of the plaster over the surface. The excess solution, collected as a rule, is sent to a container and used for the next cast. This process is carried out until the wall is completely covered with mortar. All that remains is to wait for the surface to dry, prime it and, if necessary, putty.

If the wall is relatively flat and has only small depressions, then it is leveled with a thin layer of plaster mortar, which is applied using a spatula having a width of 350÷400 mm. The mass is distributed over the surface using fan-shaped movements, making sure that no traces of the corners of the spatula remain on the plastered areas.

After waiting for the plaster to dry, it is once again recommended to prime it with one layer of primer, and after that you can proceed to applying decorative plaster. It should be noted here that sanding the wall until it is perfectly smooth if it is being prepared for application relief plaster- there is no particular need.

Is it difficult to level a wall with plaster yourself?

Puttying walls

IN construction stores is presented in two forms - it is a ready-made mass, which is packaged in hermetically sealed plastic buckets, or a dry mixture, which requires certain preparation before applying it to the walls. It is easier to work with ready-made oil- or polymer-based material, since such putty is homogeneous, plastic, has an optimal consistency, and thanks to this, it is well distributed over the surface. However, ready-made paste putties have more high price, rather than a dry mixture, which still needs to be kneaded yourself. Therefore, most often, simply for reasons of economy, home craftsmen opt for the second option of material.

Careful leveling with putty is mandatory for walls prepared for painting, since their surface must be perfectly smooth. Decorative plaster has micro-relief, so the putty layer may well have minor unevenness - this is not critical.

True, it should be noted that decorative plaster can be made using different techniques, and some of them require the same careful preparation as surfaces to be painted.

The putty is applied to the wall in one or two layers, depending on the quality of the base plastered or plasterboard surface - the starting composition is applied first, and then it is brought to perfection with the finishing composition. If leveling is carried out in one layer, then use finishing putty, which is used on a well-primed surface.

Not only concrete or plastered walls are plastered, but also those lined with plasterboard, since it also requires certain preparation for decorative plaster finishing.

Work on applying putty to the wall is carried out with a plaster trowel or a wide spatula, starting from the joints of the walls, gradually moving to their middle.

Distribution of the mixture is carried out in semicircular movements, trying not to leave marks from the edges of the tool on the applied putty. The total thickness of the putty should not be more than 2÷2.5 mm.

If the technique of applying relief plaster is chosen, which requires a perfectly smooth surface, then after the putty applied to the wall has set and almost completely dried, it is sanded special tool– a grater (grinding platform), onto which a strip of fine-grained sandpaper or abrasive mesh is placed.

Sanding the walls is done in a circular motion, counterclockwise, without putting any emphasis on the putty surface. If possible, it is best to use a special grinder for this process, connected additionally to a construction vacuum cleaner. This will significantly speed up the final smoothing process and allow you to achieve a surface structure similar to an eggshell.

How to putty the walls yourself?

On our portal you can find a lot of information on this issue. So, the publication will talk about important nuances such technology, and in another article, which is dedicated, the intricacies of reinforcing seams and corners, and finishing grinding of surfaces are covered with special care.

In conclusion, it must be emphasized that the processes of preparing walls for the application of various decorative coatings– are not very different from each other. All such activities are aimed at the same general goals - leveling and strengthening surfaces. Preparatory processes- quite labor-intensive and tedious, but without conscientiously performing such stages it is impossible to achieve the ideal decorative finishing of the walls, so they should never be neglected.

At the end of the publication, there is a video sketch dedicated to preparing walls for decorative plastering.