Today the majority country houses built on two or more floors. And in this case, the question arises with moving between levels, or more precisely, with the construction of stairs. For these purposes, you can use various materials, both traditional and modern. But probably one of the most popular materials for building stairs (and other structures) remains wood. It's beautiful, relatively inexpensive, and you can do it yourself. This article will discuss how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands.
Preparatory stage
Before you start building a wooden staircase in country house It's worth thinking through some details. Firstly, it is worth deciding on the type of construction. In private housing construction they are most often used two types of stairs:
- marching;
- screw.
Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, a spiral staircase made of wood will take up much less free space. However, such designs are difficult to implement. In addition, the stairs themselves are quite narrow; it can be difficult for a “big” person to walk along them (not to mention carrying large-sized furniture or objects).
The most common option for a private home is considered marching staircase made of wood. Such designs can be easily made with your own hands. They are quite spacious and easy to use. Marching stairs, depending on the height of the second floor, can have one or two flights. But there is no fundamental difference in the construction of each type.
Secondly, it's worth decide on some more parameters. Namely:
- how much free space you can allocate for installing stairs;
- what is the height between floors;
- what maximum load will the ladder have to withstand;
- what parts the structure will consist of (what type of steps to choose, what their height and width are, what fences to use, etc.).
WITH appearance You can decide by looking at numerous photos and videos from the Internet. Here you can find original solutions, some of which can be completely implemented independently, with your own hands. Also from the video you can get acquainted in more detail with instructions for the manufacture and installation of wooden stairs.
After you have decided on the type of wooden staircase and its components, it is worth preparing all the necessary material. But for this you need to do calculations future design and her drawing. In the beginning calculate all indicators. Namely:
It is also worth considering the width of the clearance above the stairs. When you go up the steps, your head should be clear so that you don't hit yourself. The length of the string or bowstring is also calculated.
Preparing the necessary material and tools
Knowing all the design parameters, you can prepare required material
. Wooden stairs can be made from different breeds. Many experts recommend using oak, beech or larch. But such materials are quite expensive. Most often used conifers. They are quite durable, easy to process and inexpensive.
When purchasing wood, it is important to pay attention to its quality. There should be no rotting areas, fallen knots or deformations on the boards. Also make sure that the wood is well dried.
For installation of wooden stairs in the house you will need:
- bars for stringers, their thickness should be at least 50 mm, and their width should be in accordance with the size of the steps. The length of the bar must be enough for the entire length of the march; sewing two bars together is not allowed;
- tread boards 40 mm thick;
- boards for steps 30 mm thick;
- balusters, railings and other accessories are best purchased at finished form, they will have more aesthetic appearance;
- galvanized self-tapping screws, screws and anchor bolts for fastening.
In addition, it is necessary prepare the tool for work. Namely:
- devices for marking and measuring (tape tape, rulers, construction corner);
- To make holes you will need a drill (preferably an electric one);
- a hacksaw for wood (for large parts) and a hacksaw for metal (for small parts);
- screwdriver or better screwdriver with a set of nozzles;
- hammer and chisel for making grooves;
- plane (preferably electric);
- sanding cloth.
And, of course, a detailed drawing should be at hand.
Building a staircase
Now let's get acquainted with the instructions for installing the wooden staircase itself in the house. The drawing is ready, the materials and tools are in place, you can get started. Installation of stairs do it yourself in the following sequence:
This completes the assembly of the stairs. All that's left is cover all surfaces protective layer in the form of varnish. If you wish, you can cover all surfaces with paint.
If you want to build a wooden staircase in a country house with your own hands, then this is quite feasible. The main thing is to carefully calculate everything, make a preliminary drawing and select good material. And then a little effort and time spent and a beautiful and comfortable wooden staircase, made by yourself, is ready. It will surely decorate your home and bring coziness and comfort to it.
In this article we will talk about how to make a wooden staircase for the porch of a house yourself. Let's consider the features of choosing material for stairs and the basics of its processing.
Find out where to start, what formulas to use for calculations optimal design stairs and required quantity.
We will tell you in what sequence to install the stairs for the porch.
The staircase at the entrance to the home plays an important role, and its arrangement must be given the utmost attention, since it takes on a large load.
Let's try to figure out how to make a porch with your own hands, choose the right material, shape and color of the structure, so that it creates harmony with the porch of the house.
Wood is most often used to create stairs for a porch. The popularity of this material is explained by its environmental friendliness and attractive appearance. In addition, wood is easy to work with; you can create any design and even order handrails with ornate carvings from craftsmen.
Advantages of wooden stairs to the porch
- Ease of processing the material;
- Light weight does not create obstacles for transporting wood;
- The ability to create fancy decorative designs;
Disadvantages of wooden stairs to the porch
The disadvantages of some types of wood for creating a wooden staircase for the porch of a house can be compensated for correct selection material.
How to choose wood for the stairs to the house
Most often, pine or larch are used for wooden structures that will be installed outdoors, since they have a number of positive characteristics.
Pine staircase
- Needs periodic treatment for rot;
- The density of the material is low compared to larch;
- Can be easily processed;
- The cheapness of wood and its widespread availability make it popular.
Larch stairs
- High density of wood (the material can last for centuries and turn into stone);
- Resistance to putrefactive processes and deformation;
- Expensive;
- It has a low prevalence in the building materials market, since its growing area is small. Importing larch from remote regions only increases its cost.
Thus, pine is more affordable and budget material for making wooden stairs to the porch with your own hands. Larch, if desired, can be afforded by home owners for whom costs are not of great importance.
Drawing a drawing of a wooden staircase for a porch
This stage before starting work is a mandatory point in the process of creating stairs for the house. To make a high-quality sketch, it is necessary to carry out careful measurements and calculations, taking into account the following parameters:
Structure height
Stair steps are distinguished by the method of connecting them to each other. It can be roll-shaped, rectangular, or beveled.
There is also a classification based on the form:
- in the form of a wedge;
- rectangular;
- triangular;
- rounded.
Coloring
Important! When painting pine material, you need to take into account the fact that the resins in the wood are impregnated non-uniformly. Therefore, before applying paint or varnish, remove excess resin from the surface of the material using a solvent.
Wood structures are processed using enamels, varnishes, paints, and impregnations. Choosing funds for finishing wood, consider its type, choose a shade close to natural.
Having decided on a color, proceed to choosing paint. Highly pigmented paint for wooden stairs on a porch is designed to cover defects; it is applied over putty. Their disadvantage is that they hide all the beauty of the tree.
Hello everyone!
How to get to an object that is at a height beyond your reach? How to collect fruits from the very top of a tree or paint a house? Such questions, most likely, have visited you more than once; it was for these purposes that a special device was invented, which is called a Stepladder.
Stepladders are perhaps the most popular and necessary stairs, they are used in everyday life and in other areas of activity.
This article will describe the manufacturing method ladder, With detailed photo report.
To make the stairs we will need:
Materials:
Two beams 60*40 mm;
- timber 50*35 mm;
- self-tapping screws;
- dye.
Tool:
Wood saw or other available cutting tool;
- grinding machine;
- drill;
- hammer;
- axe;
- mount.
Let's start by taking two vertical strings with a beam cross-section of 60*40 mm, we take its length at our discretion, in in this case length was 3.6 m.
In order to make the staircase strong and the upper edge of the steps to be horizontal when tilted, we make special notches, apply markings in the places where we plan to install the steps, take the distance between the rungs to be 30 cm. We use timber for the steps with a section of 50 mm, according to these dimensions We make markings and apply them on both sides of the bowstring. Next, mark the depth of the notch - 15-20 mm. We connect the resulting marks with an oblique line, as shown in the photo.
Then, using a sharp ax and a hammer, we remove part of the wood at an angle, but before doing this, we need to make a recess along the marked line with a hacksaw, this is so that the timber does not split in a place that is unnecessary for us.
We use the ax as a plane, leveling the angle of the notch.
In a similar way we make notches on both bowstrings.
Next, using a grinding machine, we process the surface of the timber.
We need to carefully align the notches we made.
Now we paint with paint inner part notches. Set them aside until completely dry.
Next, we take a beam with a cross section of 50*35 mm for the steps, it needs to be slightly modified. We take a plane and use it to remove the chamfer. We perform the same operation on each block.
Then you need to make one of the sides of the beams the base; to do this, take a corner ruler and apply markings using a pencil.
When everything is ready, using cutting tool saw off all uneven edges, then treat the surface grinder, smooth the ends.
Now you can move on to making the upper and lower rungs of the stairs. In order to distinguish the top and bottom of the staircase, it needs to be made with a slight narrowing. The top part should be shorter than the bottom. We take the width of the stairs to be 65 cm at the bottom and 55 cm at the top. You can take other sizes at your discretion. Using a tape measure, mark the length.
Using a square, we apply markings in the place where the future step will be cut.
Let's start cutting.
When the steps are ready, we process the ends with a grinding machine.
Next, we find the center at the edges of the beam; to do this, we need to step back from each edge by half the thickness of the string (20 mm).
Then we make holes for self-tapping screws at the marked centers. The self-tapping screw should fit freely into this hole.
We make a countersink using a larger diameter drill.
Now we install the top and bottom crossbars, placing and aligning them in the notch. We make the ends of the steps flush with the side parts of the bowstrings. After this, through the existing holes in the steps, we make a mark of the place where the hole will need to be drilled. They are needed so that the screws do not split the wood when twisted. The holes were made with a drill 0.2-0.3 smaller than the thickness of the screws.
Now you can fix the step in its place, but before that you should paint the pressing side of the crossbar.
When the stairs are given the required dimensions, we add the missing steps; to do this, we lay out the prepared bars in the notches, aligning the base ends flush with the side parts of the bowstrings.
If you have already built two-story house or you are the owner of a two-level apartment, then the topic of building a second floor staircase will be of interest to you.
In order to acquire a comfortable and high-quality staircase system, you have only three ways: buy a ready-made structure in a specialized store, order the necessary model from a master carpenter, or make the staircase yourself.
This article is dedicated to those who chose the third option. In it you will learn a lot useful information O staircase design, and also get acquainted with the step-by-step detailed instructions on making stairs in photos and videos.
For owners of a two-level home, a staircase on the second floor is a necessary attribute of the interior
Before you start building a staircase with your own hands, you need to decide on the type of structure that will be most suitable for your home.
Types of stairs by design type
We will choose a system from three types:
Let's look a little at each of them.
Marching
This type is the easiest to produce and therefore, if you decide to make a staircase with your own hands, then this option will be the most suitable for you.
Single-flight designs, despite their apparent simplicity, can be beautiful and effective
Marching stairs, in turn, are divided into types:
- one-march;
- two-flight;
- multi-march.
Marching stairs are simple and concise; this type is most suitable for making with your own hands
Both the first and second types are considered not difficult to manufacture and are in greatest demand.
Screw
Such stairs are a spiral going up to the second floor. This type saves a lot of room space, but it is labor-intensive to produce.
Spiral staircase original and beautiful, but its production is best left to professionals
Combined
These systems combine the two previous types. Their production is the most difficult and therefore for self-construction doesn't fit.
Making a staircase with your own hands - manufacturing instructions
First, let's decide on the material of manufacture and prepare the tools necessary for the job.
Material selection
To produce a staircase structure, you can choose:
- tree;
- stone;
- concrete;
- metal;
- plastic.
To make stairs you can use the most various materials
The most suitable material for self-made the stairs are definitely natural wood. Its advantages are obvious:
- environmental friendliness and safety;
- non-toxic;
- ease of processing;
- relatively economical price;
- long service life.
Therefore, for the construction of our stairs we will choose natural wood. It is best if it is pine wood - spruce, pine. You can also use ash, beech, maple, oak, birch and other species.
Natural wood is the most best choice for making stairs with your own hands
So, we have decided on the type of structure to be erected - this is a flight of stairs. We also chose the easiest to process and environmentally friendly material – natural wood. Next moment you should prepare the necessary tools.
Preparing the tool
To make a wooden staircase with your own hands we will need:
- Measuring devices – tape measure, ruler, level.
- Hand-held electric drill.
- Hacksaw for woodworking.
- Screwdriver.
- Hammer.
- Electric planer.
- Sandpaper.
Optimal set necessary tools
Preparing the main elements
Before installing the staircase system, it is necessary to prepare the following parts:
- Processed boards of the required sizes (in accordance with the drawing).
- Bars for the production of steps.
- Boards for steps.
- Bowstrings or stringers (depending on the type of construction).
- Railings, balusters, handrails - these parts can be purchased ready-made.
- Fasteners – screws, self-tapping screws, bolts.
This figure shows in detail all the components of the structure.
Main stages of installation
In order to do quality stairs with your own hands, use with the following instructions on production in photos and videos.
Stage 1. Schematic drawing
Let's draw a drawing on which we indicate the main elements of the future structure.
Detailed drawing depicting all the main elements of the staircase - the most important initial stage production
Stage 2. Perform the necessary calculations
Carrying out design calculations is probably the most grueling process, but it still needs to be done. This can be done in several steps:
- we determine the height of the structure - to calculate it, measure the distance from the plane of the floor of the first level to the floor of the 2nd floor. This will be the length of the march;
- we decide on the height of the steps - usually the most optimal height for a person of average height 17 centimeters;
- we will calculate how many steps and risers will be needed - for this, we divide the height of the stairs, which we have already measured, by the height of the steps (17 cm);
Before making a staircase, it must be calculated
- tread width – for comfort when walking smallest value this parameter should be 22 cm, and the largest should be 40 cm.
Correct calculation of the dimensions of steps and risers is the key to the comfort of the future design
Stage 3. Making a kosour
We cut the beam prepared for this part to the required size and cut out the notches the right size for installing steps.
In the beam for the stringer we cut out notches of a certain size according to the drawing
Stage 4. Checking the stringer
To do this, we place it in the place where the stairs will be located, and if necessary, we make adjustments to the part.
This diagram shows detailed calculations of the stringer
Stage 5. Attach the stringers
We attach the stringers and fasten them together to the top beam using anchor bolts.
We securely fasten the stringers anchor bolts
Stage 6. Installation of steps
The risers are attached to the stringer using self-tapping screws.
On at this stage we install staircases
Stage 7. Installation of steps
When the risers are mounted, as shown in the photo below, we fasten the steps themselves.
We install the steps with self-tapping screws.
On this photo almost finished staircase with attached parts
Stage 8. Install balusters and railings
We perform this step using self-tapping screws or hat bolts measuring 100 x 8 mm.
Almost the final stage - we install balusters and railings
Stage 9. Finishing work
The last stage of work is puttying, painting and varnishing the already installed staircase.
And finally, we paint our ladder or varnish it
Video instruction: how to make a ladder with your own hands
DIY wooden staircase
For apartments and houses with a second floor, as well as houses with an attic or attic, it is worth making a staircase to climb to the second floor. The simplest and affordable option, which everyone can do, is making a wooden staircase with your own hands.
Step by step instructions
1. In order for a wooden staircase to be successfully installed, you need to calculate its slope, which can be from 25 to 40 degrees.
2. The construction of a wooden staircase involves preliminary calculation its steps. Based on the maximum distance between steps of 19 cm, the number of steps according to the height of the structure is calculated. The tread width should be at least 25 cm.
3. Safe installation of wooden stairs requires that they be equipped with handrails at least 90 cm high.
4. The site has a video on how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands. You can look at the stages and sequences of work and make sure that it is not difficult to do. The material used in the instructions in the photo is pine. This tree has a beautiful, impressive structure and is easy to process. For the string of the stairs, pine edged boards with a width of 400 mm and a thickness of 40 mm were used.
5. Having marked the places for installing treads, circular saw Using the templates, cuts are made with a depth of 10 mm. Using a chisel, an array of boards is selected between the cuts, and the finished bowstrings are installed in the working position.
The bowstrings are attached to the floor with self-tapping screws using a screwdriver and galvanized metal corners.
6. Steps are cut from a board at least 250 mm wide using a circular saw. The thickness of the steps depends on the width of the span, but not less than 25 mm.
Ends of steps for better connection with a bowstring are processed with a grinder.
Connect the steps and the string using wood glue, coating the ends of the steps and the grooves in the string.
7. Assembling a wooden staircase in our case requires that it be tied together using galvanized rods with threaded connections at the ends onto which nuts with wide spacers are screwed.
8. In the example given, demonstrating the installation of a wooden staircase, the distance to the wall allows for excellent wooden shelves for things and books that match the design.
Then the installed shelves are sanded.
In addition, it is necessary to install a handrail to ensure safety. Having installed the stand, two boards with a height of at least 90 cm relative to the steps are attached to it.
9. The material of the handrails and the stairs itself is processed with sandpaper to avoid chips, snags and splinters.
The staircase must be treated with special primers to prevent rotting and fire, and then coated with transparent parquet varnish.
Materials and tools
In order for a wooden staircase, as in the photo, to be successfully made with your own hands, you will need the following materials: pine boards 400 and 250 mm wide, 40 to 25 mm thick, 50x50 bars, wood glue, varnish and wood primers, galvanized tie rods and self-tapping screws , metal corners. Tools you will need: circular hand saw, screwdriver, brushes, sandpaper, clamps, chisels, sander.
Do-it-yourself wooden staircase - step-by-step description of the work from “a” to “z”
Wooden staircase It is quite easy to make with your own hands. However, there are a number of nuances on which the convenience and even safety of movement depends. I will tell you about all the intricacies of construction wooden structure so that you do not make mistakes in the process.
Basic woodworking skills are enough to make a wooden staircase yourself
All work on the manufacture of stairs can be divided into two main stages:
- Design;
- Assembly of the structure.
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Design
Stairs - enough complex design, therefore, to produce it efficiently without detailed project It’s simply impossible, especially for a beginner. The design process can be divided into three main stages:
Stage 1: determining the type of structure
All existing species stairs can be divided into two types:
- Screw. The peculiarity of such structures is that they contain only winder steps located around the central pillar. It is advisable to use them if there is a minimum of space in the room.
Keep in mind that such ladders are inconvenient to use and also quite difficult to manufacture. Therefore, I would not recommend that beginners take on the construction of a spiral staircase;
The spiral staircase is inconvenient to use and difficult to manufacture
- Marching. These stairs have smooth flights of stairs. They are more comfortable and safe to use. However, keep in mind that staircases take up more space in the room.
A flight of stairs takes up a lot of space, but is more convenient and safe to use
Marching stairs, in turn, are divided into several subtypes:
- Single march. Consist of one straight flight of stairs;
- Rotary with winder steps . They may have several flights of stairs, between which there are turning steps (winder steps);
Winder steps save space in the room
- Rotary with landings. Level platforms are installed between the flights of these stairs. Such stairs are more convenient to use, but take up more space in the room;
A staircase with a platform is most convenient to use
- "Duck step" The peculiarity of these stairs is the paddle-shaped steps, which are installed in pairs in the opposite direction. As a result, you can only stand on one step on one step, hence their name.
Duck step stairs can have an inclination angle of over 45 degrees
You should choose the type of construction depending on the conditions in the room and your requirements. If space is limited, you can make a duck-step staircase, which requires a minimum of ground floor floor space. If pensioners or small children live in the house, it is better to sacrifice space, but make turning staircase with marching platforms.
Stage 2: calculating the stairs
At this stage, you need to decide on such important parameters of the stairs as:
- Number of treads;
- Height of risers;
- The angle of inclination of the stairs;
- March length;
- The area that the staircase will occupy on the first floor.
Optimal staircase parameters, averaged for all ages of household members
Any staircase should be comfortable and safe. To do this, when performing calculations, the following rules must be observed:
- Step sizes. The height cannot be more than 190 mm and less than 160 mm. The tread width should not be less than 220 mm and more than 330 mm.
Keep in mind that all steps must be same height and width, otherwise the staircase will be dangerous; - The number of steps in a flight of stairs. The most comfortable value is 11-15 steps. If there are more of them, it is advisable to divide the flight of stairs with a landing.
In addition, it is desirable that the march have an odd number of steps, so that a person finishes the descent or ascent with the same foot with which he began moving up the stairs; - March width. Must be at least 90-100 mm;
- Railing height. At least 90 cm.
Calculation of the number of steps. Before you begin calculating the stairs, you need to measure the height between floors, as well as the area allocated for the stairs. For example, the height between floors, i.e. The height of the stairs in our case is 3 m.
Before calculating the stairs, measure the height “h” and the permissible span length “i”
Now you can start calculating the number of steps and the height of the risers. These two parameters are interrelated.
Since we need an even amount, we will adjust the height by dividing the total height by the number of steps - 300/17 = 17.6 cm. In fact, the staircase will have 16 steps, since the last step is the floor of the second floor.
Safe treading parameters. If your foot size is larger than the average, adjustments are needed
Calculation of tread width. There is a calculation formula comfortable stairs- a + b = 470 mm, where:
- a - riser height;
- b - tread width.
From this formula we obtain the tread width 47-17.6 = 29.4. This size is well within acceptable limits.
Calculation of march length. Now all that remains is to calculate the length of the march, i.e. the length of its projection onto the floor. To do this, you need to multiply the width of the tread by the number of steps - 29.4x17 = 499.8
Since the staircase will be quite long, it is advisable to make it rotary, consisting of two flights. In this case, the first flight will have eight steps, including the landing, and the second flight will have nine steps, taking into account the floor of the first floor.
If necessary, you can adjust the parameters of the stairs to suit the conditions in the room - change the height of the risers and the width of the tread. The main thing is that these parameters remain within acceptable limits.
The length of the stringer is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem
Calculation of the length of a string or bowstring. The calculation of the stringer is carried out according to the Pythagorean theorem - the length of the stairs squared + the height of the ladder squared = the length of the stringer squared.
Stage 3: drawing up a drawing
Now you need to prepare a drawing according to which you will make the parts of the stairs. To do this, we will first consider the details that the design of a wooden staircase includes:
- Kosour. The supporting beam on which the steps are laid. As a result, the stringer takes on the entire load when moving up the stairs;
Stringers provide the staircase with the greatest strength
- Bowstring. It also represents a load-bearing beam. It differs from a stringer in the absence of cutouts for steps, as a result of which the treads are connected to the beam at the end.
To attach the treads to the string, notches are milled in it or bars are attached on which the tread is placed;
The bowstring is easier to manufacture
- Steps. They consist of two elements - treads (horizontal board), riser ( vertical board, which is located under the step). It must be said that the design of a wooden staircase may not have risers, especially if it is based on bowstrings.
What is the best way to make a staircase - on stringers or bowstrings? The design on bowstrings is faster and easier, since there is no need to make cutouts for steps, however, a staircase on stringers can withstand a greater load.
Making stairs
Let's look at how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands. This process can be roughly divided into several stages:
Do-it-yourself wooden staircase - step-by-step instructions, calculations, photo and video installation
If you plan to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, step-by-step instructions with photos, videos and installation projects posted on this portal will be an excellent guide in this matter. To prepare for the process, you need to stock up on the necessary tools and materials.
Wooden march between the first and second floors
Materials and parameters
Lumber: board 40 and 25 cm wide, 4 to 2.5 cm thick, beams 5x5 cm, wood glue, paint and varnish materials, galvanized tie rods, screws and corners. The equipment used includes a hand-held circular saw, a screwdriver, brushes, abrasive sandpaper, a clamp, a chisel, and a grinder.
For correct placement, the slope is determined to be 25 - 40 degrees. The gap between the steps is 19 cm. The tread width is 25 cm or more. The height of the handrails is 90 cm. The string of the structure is made on the basis of pine edged boards with parameters 40 cm wide and 4 cm thick.
Wooden staircase installation
Installation of a regular straight staircase
- Here you can find out the best way how to create a wooden staircase with your own hands, video from step by step instructions will allow you to build the structure as quickly and correctly as possible:
- Marking of areas for installation of treads is provided by means of a circular using a template. To do this, cuts are made 1 cm deep. Using a chisel, the mass of wood between the cuts is removed. The finished bowstring is mounted on the workplace.
- The strings are fixed to the floor surface using self-tapping screws. To do this, you should stock up on a screwdriver and galvanized metal corners.
Solid wood staircase
- Steps are cut out of boards 25 cm wide using a circular saw. The thickness of the steps is adjusted to the width of the span, no less than 2.5 cm. The end parts are processed with a grinding machine for more reliable fixation with the bowstring.
- The steps and strings are assembled using wood glue. The end parts of the steps and the grooves in the bowstring are smeared. Galvanized rods with threaded ends are used for the screed. Nuts with wide spacers are screwed onto them.
- Two boards are fixed to the installed rack at a level of 90 cm. They will provide the functions of handrails.
- 3.5 inch steel stand.
- Solid wood 1x8.
- Wooden elements 1×12.
- Connectors in the form of racks.
- Supports for handrails.
- Handrails with specified parameters.
- Metal base for steps.
- Welding machine.
Spiral staircase: Materials for making
Timber staircase structure
Step-by-step installation
In the design under consideration, the distance between the floors is 3 m. Then the total height is divided by the selected size of the steps and their number is obtained: 300 cm ÷ 18 cm = 16.6 pcs.
The top position will end with the 17th step (rounded result). The width of the steps along the inner edge is 10 cm. Calculation of the outer edge begins with determining the outer diameter of the stairs without handrails.
The middle post and 2 steps form a cross-section of 172 cm. To determine the circumference, you need to multiply the diameter of the staircase by 3.14. Then 172 cm x 3.14 = 540 cm. Since 17 steps are to be installed, 210 ÷ 17 = 32 cm. To create an overlap of 2.5 cm, the width of the steps on the outside is 35 cm.
Pine staircase
Support part
The screw device is created using a central metal support and bases for the steps. For a central post with a diameter of 20 cm, 400 cm is cut off. Of these, 300 are allocated for 17 steps, 90 cm for the fence at the top and 10 cm protrude for the reserve.
The pillar is marked at the points where it is planned to erect steps, that is, every 17.64 cm. The upper part is crowned with a thick round plate welded to the pillar. At the bottom, a square platform is created with a height of 1 cm and dimensions of 30 by 30 cm. Gaps are made at each corner of the platform for anchors and fixed to the base.
Board steps
Placement of steps
The steps are attached to the central support in the marked areas. Each subsequent step overlaps the previous one by 2.5 cm so that the supports for the connection can be fixed. They attach one step to another. This can be done using metal or wood. Then all the bases of the steps are fixed to the central support. Wooden steps are placed on the bases. Gaps are made in the places connecting the supports.
Then you can screw 3 railing posts onto the step so that there is a gap of no more than 10 cm between them. After installing the posts, you can fix the handrails. When purchasing material, it is important to observe the ability to form bends in the direction of the stairs.
Hardwood steps
When implementing decorative processing, can be pasted over metal support wood materials. Varnish coatings are used to finish the steps. They are applied over a primed surface.
Attention! Wooden steps are widely used in combination with glass, metal and plastic handrails.
For installation of structures they are used adhesive compositions With different types fastenings. However, their design may place too much stress on the product.
DIY staircase to the second floor
Building a staircase in a house is not an easy process, but it is doable. The main difficulty lies in calculating the angle of inclination and span parameters, because not only the ease of use, but also the durability of the structure depends on this. A durable and beautiful staircase to the second floor with your own hands is an opportunity to test your strength and gain experience for further home improvement.
DIY staircase to the second floor
Selecting the type of design
First you need to decide on the type of staircase in order to make the calculations correctly. The most commonly used stairs in the house are wood, concrete and metal; According to the configuration, they are straight, rotary and screw. There are also combined designs of varying complexity.
Concrete products require very solid foundation and a lot of time to manufacture, but at the same time they are the strongest and most durable. Installation metal structures It will not be difficult for those who know how to use welding, and a wooden staircase can be made by anyone who is familiar with the technology of this process in detail.
A straight flight of stairs to the second floor is considered the easiest to install; it consists of a small number of parts, takes up little space, and does not require complex calculations. Screw structures are used where there is little free space; They look very elegant, but are not always easy to use. Lifting something large and heavy up such steps will be problematic. Structures with several spans are more difficult to build, but they are ideal for houses where there is a large distance between floors.
Simple wooden staircase
A single-flight staircase consists of stringers, railings, treads and risers. The tread is the horizontal part of the step, the riser is the vertical part. Stringers are load-bearing elements structures that have special cutouts along the upper edge for attaching steps. Instead of stringers, bowstrings are often used - load-bearing beams with grooves for steps. Risers and railings are not mandatory elements, but for convenience and safety it is better when they are present.
The height of the stairs is equal to the distance between floors plus the thickness of the floors. To simplify the calculation of the length of the span and base, you first need to determine the parameters of the steps. If the house is inhabited by elderly people and children, the optimal step height is 15 cm; for others, a height of 20 cm will be more convenient. Making the riser even higher is not recommended, since the rise will be too steep and less comfortable.
Basic parameters of a single-flight staircase
3000:200=15
With a step width of 25 cm, the length of the base is 15x250=3750 mm.
Manufacturing technology
When the calculations have been made, you can begin to manufacture the staircase elements. Stringers require very dense solid wood, because they must support not only the weight of the structure, but also people. A template is cut out of thick cardboard, on which the cutouts correspond to the size of the steps, and the slope is equal to the angle of inclination of the stairs. At the ends of the stringers, grooves are cut for attaching to the base and upper floors, after which they make markings according to the template.
Combined wooden staircase on stringers
For further work you will need:
- jigsaw;
- sander;
- building level;
- anchor bolts;
- drill;
- hammer.
Using a jigsaw, protrusions are made on the stringers according to the markings, then they are processed on both sides with a grinder. Holes for fasteners are cut out in the floor beams or metal supports are installed. A support beam is installed on the floor of the first floor along the line of the lower step and secured with anchor bolts. After this, the stringers are installed, making sure to check the angle of inclination using a level. The stringers are secured at the bottom and top with anchor bolts.
The next step is making the steps. To do this, take dry boards with a thickness of 36 mm or more; their width should be equal to the width of the steps or be slightly larger. For risers, you can use boards with a thickness of 20 mm or more. The length of the blanks must correspond to the width of the stairs - from 80 cm to 1.2 m.
The stringer has a sawtooth shape
After trimming, each workpiece must be sanded to remove sharp cuts and irregularities. The process of installing the steps is very simple: the lower cutouts of the stringers are coated with wood glue and risers are applied, aligning them along the edges. They are secured with self-tapping screws and laid on top of the steps. Glue is needed so that under load wooden elements didn't creak.
Having laid all the steps one by one, they begin to install the railings. Railings consist of balusters and handrails; For the manufacture of balusters, square beams or shaped pieces of wood are used. Balusters are installed either on each step or every other step, depending on the slope and length of the span. Self-tapping screws are used as fasteners, which are often covered with special plugs for beauty. If the staircase to the second floor is located in the center of the room, railings can be installed on both sides.
Wooden staircase design option
The finished structure is sanded again and treated with an antiseptic primer. After this, you need to cover the wood with varnish, paint or other composition that does not form an overly smooth surface. If the steps are rough, this will increase their safety for household members. The coating is applied in 2 or 3 layers, each layer must be completely dry before applying the next.
Making a straight concrete staircase
IN spacious house With concrete floors the second floor can be made of concrete stairs. Most often, two types of structures are installed in houses - monolithic and combined, in which only the stringer is concrete. The second option looks more attractive and elegant. For making concrete stairs You definitely need formwork and a very strong foundation.
Making a straight concrete staircase
During the work you will need:
- edged board covered with film or waterproof plywood;
- durable timber 100x100 mm;
- knitting wire and fittings;
- self-tapping screws;
- concrete solution.
Boards for formwork are chosen with a thickness of 3 cm, the thickness of plywood should not be less than 18 mm. All dimensions are calculated in the same way as for a wooden staircase, but the base must be as strong as possible. They start by assembling the formwork: boards or plywood are knocked down according to the drawing, observing the angle of inclination and preventing the formation of cracks.
The finished formwork is installed between floors and secured with wooden blocks. After this, reinforcement is laid out inside the frame, tying the transverse rods with wire. In the places where the railings are installed, wooden plugs are fixed, and then the formwork is poured ready-made solution. The frame must be filled immediately, otherwise the solidity of the base will be broken.
Filling the staircase frame with concrete
When the concrete has set well, the formwork is removed, and the surface of the steps is periodically moistened to avoid cracking. You can begin finishing only after the concrete has completely dried and hardened. To make a combined staircase, pouring the stringer is done in exactly the same way, but the formwork is made much narrower and takes into account the installation of steps.
When the concrete has set well, the formwork is removed
For finishing monolithic design use wood, stone, tiles and other materials. When facing, the weight of the material should be taken into account, because tiles and stone place a greater load on the base than wood panels. Any steps can be attached to a concrete stringer; such a base combines especially well with wood.
Installation of metal stairs
For the manufacture and installation of straight metal stairs for the second floor you will need:
- steel channel No. 10;
- metal corners;
- welding machine;
- sheet iron;
- file and grinder with a grinding attachment.
Installation of metal stairs
The channel is cut into pieces and a frame is assembled from them according to the size of the stairs. Corners are welded to the side edges of the frame at equal intervals equal to the height of the step. All corners should be parallel to each other. To make it easier to install the structure, the steps are welded after installation and fastening of the frame.
The upper ends of the frame are securely fixed with anchor bolts to the ceiling of the second floor, the lower ends are fixed to the floor. Next, the steps are welded from sheet iron and the railings are attached. Upon completion of assembly, the joints are ground with a nozzle or treated with a file, and then covered with an anti-corrosion primer.
Spiral staircase
To make a spiral staircase yourself, you will need:
- steel pipe with a diameter of 50 mm;
- pipe with a diameter of 55 mm;
- wooden slats for the template;
- corners for steps;
- welding machine;
- file;
- primer.
The smaller diameter pipe is the central post, so its length should correspond to the distance between the first and second floors. For greater stability of the structure, it is recommended to concrete the stand at the base, first aligning it vertically. A larger diameter pipe is cut into cylinders about 25 cm long. The cuts must be made strictly perpendicular, otherwise the steps will not be aligned horizontally.
It is very important that the cylinders fit tightly onto the central pipe and do not form any backlash. If a tight connection does not occur, sealing rings will be required.
To make steps, it is convenient to use a template made from slats. Wood slats glued together so that the corners inserted into the frame form a step of the given parameters.
Greek spiral staircase with curved glass railing
Each stage is welded to its own cylinder and carefully ground. After all the elements have been manufactured, you can begin assembling the structure. The steps are placed on the axle pipe, the angle is set and tightly welded to the axle.
The final stage is attaching the railings and finishing. Railings can consist of fittings, chrome-plated tubes, thin profiles; Forged railings look very elegant. All metal surfaces must be sanded, primed and painted.
Spiral staircase option
In a similar way, a spiral staircase to the second floor is assembled from wooden steps. Wood blanks are made in the form of a trapezoid, in the narrow part of which a hole with a diameter of 50 mm is drilled. With the help of special seals, the steps strung on the axle are fixed on the central post. Next, the railings are installed, the wood is primed and painted, and decorated with decor.
Video - How to make a staircase to the second floor
Video - Do-it-yourself wooden staircase
If you have already built a two-story house or are the owner of a two-level apartment, then the topic of building a second floor staircase will be of interest to you.
In order to acquire a comfortable and high-quality staircase system, you have only three ways: buy a ready-made structure in a specialized store, order the necessary model from a master carpenter, or make the staircase yourself.
This article is dedicated to those who chose the third option. In it you will learn a lot of useful information about staircase construction, and also get acquainted with step-by-step detailed instructions for making a staircase in photos and videos.
For owners of a two-level home, a second floor staircase is a necessary attribute of the interior
What kind of stairs are there - a little theory
Before you start building a staircase with your own hands, you need to decide on the type of structure that will be most suitable for your home.
Types of stairs by design type
We will choose a system from three types:
- Marching.
- Screw.
- Combined.
Let's look a little at each of them.
Marching
This type is the easiest to produce and therefore, if you decide to make a staircase with your own hands, then this option will be the most suitable for you.
Single-flight designs, despite their apparent simplicity, can be beautiful and effective Marching stairs, in turn, are divided into types:
- one-march;
- two-flight;
- multi-march.
Both the first and second types are considered not difficult to manufacture and are in greatest demand.
Screw
Such stairs are a spiral going up to the second floor. This type saves a lot of room space, but it is labor-intensive to produce.
The spiral staircase is original and beautiful, but its production is best left to professionals Combined
These systems combine the two previous types. Their production is the most difficult and therefore not suitable for self-construction.
Combined systems are more complex to manufacture and it will be quite difficult for a beginner to install them Making a staircase with your own hands - manufacturing instructions
First, let's decide on the material of manufacture and prepare the tools necessary for the job.
Material selection
To produce a staircase structure, you can choose:
- tree;
- stone;
- concrete;
- metal;
- plastic.
A variety of materials can be used to make stairs The most suitable material for making your own stairs is, of course, natural wood. Its advantages are obvious:
- environmental friendliness and safety;
- non-toxic;
- ease of processing;
- relatively economical price;
- long service life.
Therefore, for the construction of our stairs we will choose natural wood. It is best if it is pine wood - spruce, pine. You can also use ash, beech, maple, oak, birch and other species.
Natural wood is the best choice for making your own stairs So, we have decided on the type of structure to be erected - this is a flight of stairs. We also chose the easiest to process and environmentally friendly material – natural wood. The next step is to prepare the necessary tools.
Preparing the tool
To make a wooden staircase with your own hands we will need:
- Measuring devices – tape measure, ruler, level.
- Hand-held electric drill.
- Hacksaw for woodworking.
- Screwdriver.
- Hammer.
- Electric planer.
- Sandpaper.
The optimal set of necessary tools Preparing the main elements
Before installing the staircase system, it is necessary to prepare the following parts:
- Processed boards of the required sizes (in accordance with the drawing).
- Bars for the production of steps.
- Boards for steps.
- Bowstrings or stringers (depending on the type of construction).
- Railings, balusters, handrails - these parts can be purchased ready-made.
- Fasteners – screws, self-tapping screws, bolts.
This figure shows in detail all the components of the structure. Main stages of installation
In order to make a high-quality staircase with your own hands, use the following manufacturing instructions in photos and videos.
Stage 1. Schematic drawing
Let's draw a drawing on which we indicate the main elements of the future structure.
Stage 2. Perform the necessary calculations
Carrying out design calculations is probably the most grueling process, but it still needs to be done. This can be done in several steps:
- we determine the height of the structure - to calculate it, measure the distance from the plane of the floor of the first level to the floor of the 2nd floor. This will be the length of the march;
- we determine the height of the steps - usually the most optimal height for a person of average height is 17 centimeters;
- we will calculate how many steps and risers will be needed - for this, we divide the height of the stairs, which we have already measured, by the height of the steps (17 cm);
Before making a staircase, it must be calculated - tread width - for convenience when walking, the smallest value of this parameter should be 22 cm, and the largest should be 40 cm.
Stage 3. Making a kosour
We cut the beam prepared for this part to the required size and cut out notches of the required size for installing the steps.
Stage 4. Checking the stringer
To do this, we place it in the place where the stairs will be located, and if necessary, we make adjustments to the part.
This diagram shows detailed calculations of the stringer Stage 5. Attach the stringers
We attach the stringers and fasten them together to the top beam using anchor bolts.
The stringers are securely secured with anchor bolts Stage 6. Installation of steps
The risers are attached to the stringer using self-tapping screws.
