Recently, quite often there have been cases when penetrating materials are used as the main waterproofing element, which WRONG.
Penetrating compounds can be used as one of the elements in the chain of system waterproofing materials, but not as the main one. These materials are convenient to use, effective when a new structure (basement, underground garage, etc.) has leaked, but consider them as universal remedy for all occasions - WRONG, especially since they also have limitations (large pores, old leached concrete, etc.).
When repairing an old base, when the external pores are oily or clogged, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the surface of the plaster and degrease it, opening access to the capillary system. Moreover, it will not be possible to do this with a simple iron brush - you need to clean it thoroughly, preferably with sand or water under high pressure. There are other significant points that limit the use of penetrating waterproofing.
The problem of waterproofing foundations actively in contact with water, as well as in cases with limited access to the outside of the foundation, is that the use of traditional waterproofing materials does not always lead to effective protection against water and moisture. To further enhance the waterproofing properties of a concrete structure (foundation), it is recommended to carry out waterproofing from penetrating materials with inside protected structures (basements).
Penetrating waterproofing- cement-sand mixture using chemical additives.
Fundamental difference penetrating compounds from all other materials - the formation of a waterproofing layer not on the surface of the foundation, but in its considerable thickness (penetration depth of active chemical components can reach 10-12 cm).
Application
- waterproofing concrete and iron surfaces concrete structures;
- waterproofing of foundations and basements actively in contact with water;
- in combination with surface waterproofing of the foundation with high level groundwater.
Advantages
- increasing the water resistance of concrete structures (and ONLY! concrete);
- formation of a waterproofing layer in the concrete mass;
- possibility of processing external and internal surfaces structures, regardless of the direction of water pressure;
- applied to a damp surface, there is no need to dry the concrete.
The main advantage of penetrating materials is the ability to protect the structure from moisture penetration from the outside. Therefore, this type of waterproofing has found wide application in the reconstruction of basements and semi-basements, when external waterproofing is no longer possible.
FLAWS
- used for waterproofing on crack-resistant concrete structures;
- anti-capillary protection brick walls does not provide (due to the absence of substances necessary for the reaction in the brick);
- not used for waterproofing walls made of porous materials (foam concrete, aerated concrete, etc.) due to the large size of the pores;
- not recommended for use on foundation blocks prefabricated (the problem area is the joints between them).
The combination of penetrating waterproofing on stable bases and elastic waterproofing on bases subject to deformation can solve many waterproofing problems during the repair and reconstruction of underground structures.
Penetrating waterproofing mechanism
The waterproofing mixture is mixed with water and applied to the wet concrete surface. The waterproofing effect is achieved by filling the capillary-porous structure of concrete with insoluble crystals.
Active chemical additives included in the material, penetrating into the concrete, enter into a chemical reaction with the components concrete mixture, forming insoluble compounds (crystals) that create a continuous barrier that prevents the flow of water.
The process of concrete compaction develops in depth upon contact with water molecules and stops in its absence. Upon new contact with water, the reaction resumes.
The depth of penetration of active chemical components into the concrete body can reach tens of centimeters. Micropores, capillaries and microcracks up to 0.3-0.4 mm wide (diameter), filled with products chemical reactions, increase the water resistance of concrete by 2-3 steps.
As a result, the penetrating waterproofing becomes an integral part of the concrete, creating compacted, waterproof concrete.
Concrete has been popular for many years building material. Despite the very long history of its origin, concrete has become widespread and recognized only in the last century. Moreover, the volume of concrete produced and used in construction is growing year by year. This demand is quite understandable: concrete universal material high strength and wide range of uses.
But there is a characteristic of this material that I would like to improve or at least compensate for. Despite all its hardness, the water-repellent properties of this material are poor. If you look closely, even with the naked eye you can see the smallest pores on the surface. Moisture can penetrate deep into the material through these pores. With prolonged exposure to dampness and temperature changes, concrete products and structures can collapse.
To solve the problem of structural deformations and temperature microfractures of concrete, mandatory actions are needed to waterproof the concrete surface. This is especially necessary if the concrete is used in conditions high humidity or in contact with water: foundations, garage floors, swimming pools, etc.
Waterproofing concrete
There are many materials and methods for waterproofing concrete. The choice of a suitable solution will depend on the location of application, the processing area, the intensity of use, and the possible budget.
Concrete waterproofing options:
- penetrating waterproofing for concrete;
- concrete additives for waterproofing;
- liquid waterproofing for concrete;
- coating waterproofing for concrete;
- adhesive or weld-on waterproofing;
- sealant for concrete.
Penetrating waterproofing Penetrating concrete waterproofing
Waterproofing on cement based Although it was known 50 years ago, it did not find widespread use then.
The operating principle of penetrating waterproofing is that its constituents chemical elements, after hitting the wall surface, they penetrate under the influence of physical forces into microcapillaries in the thickness of the concrete. The name of this method of waterproofing comes from the ability to penetrate the wall.
In capillaries, the active ingredients of the mixture interact with the substances that make up the concrete. Next, a kind of microplugs are formed that completely block the movement of liquid from the inside, but do not reduce the vapor permeability of the wall.
For a long time synonymous with penetrating concrete waterproofing was the cement-based dry waterproofing mixture Penetron. This is due to the fact that Penetorone was the only such remedy for a long time. But today the construction market offers waterproofing mixtures from many other manufacturers.
The penetrating mixture for waterproofing is available in dry form. After mixing with water, apply to concrete using a wide brush with synthetic bristles. The solution should be mixed immediately before work and in an amount that can be used within 30 minutes.
Cement based waterproofing Additives to concrete for waterproofing
To improve the inherent characteristics of concrete, various additives are added to its composition at the stage of mortar production. Additives make concrete waterproofing or hydrophobic.
Hydrophobic concrete
This concrete, after hardening, acquires the property of repelling water from its surface.
The following types of additives are used:
- paraffins;
- calcium salts;
- stearic acid;
- salts of naphthenic acids;
- petroleum acids;
- resin
An additive to concrete for its hydrophobicity can be hydrophobic (an immiscible admixture with certain characteristics) and hydrophobic (giving a water-repellent effect when interacting with concrete substances).
Waterproofed concrete
By using waterproofing additives in concrete, it is possible to obtain a material with less air content. Waterproofing additives in concrete compact the mixture and increase the concrete’s own resistance to moisture.
Waterproofing additives include:
- ferric chloride;
- calcium nitrate;
- silicate glue.
Additives to concrete for waterproofing Waterproofing impregnation for concrete
There are two types of liquid impregnation for concrete waterproofing:
- Deep penetration (silicate-based mixtures). This impregnation significantly increases the strength of concrete, which determines the waterproofing effect.
- Waterproofing of surface protection (on the frame of epoxy, acrylates, polyurethanes). Such impregnations create a film on the surface and prevent liquid from seeping into the concrete, but do not affect its strength.
This type of waterproofing is one of the easiest to apply. It is enough to apply the liquid waterproofing composition to a vertical concrete surface with a roller or brush. Horizontal surfaces, such as floors or ceilings, are most convenient to waterproof. It is enough to pour the impregnation thin layer, spread evenly with a soft brush and let dry.
Waterproofing impregnation Mastic for concrete waterproofing
Mastic waterproofing is very popular due to various reasons. This is a fairly affordable way to protect concrete from the harmful effects of moisture. The mastic is easy to apply and has sufficient fluidity to create a uniform coating during the drying process. In this case, the coating is smooth, without seams or joints.
The mastic can be used both in air and in contact with soil, protecting concrete equally well from atmospheric precipitation, and from groundwater and melt water.
There are two main types of mastics for waterproofing:
- Bitumen mastic. One of the cheapest and oldest waterproofing for concrete. The main component of this coating is bitumen. Bituminous mastic is applied heated. Polymer additives are added to the material to improve the fluidity, polymerization and elasticity of the cooled coating. In addition, additives allow you to apply bitumen mastic in a cold way.
- Polyurethane mastic. Made from acrylic. When dry, it completely polymerizes, creating a dense protective coating on concrete. The advantages of polyurethane mastic are drying speed and resistance to ultraviolet radiation. Hydrophobic acrylic mastic is also good because you can add dye to it and tint the coating to the desired color. Also, acrylic-based mastic is lighter than bitumen.
Mastic coating is convenient to use for waterproofing surfaces with complex terrain, as it is applied using a sprayer, or less often with a brush or roller. At the same time, you can be sure that both external and internal corners will be well processed.
For best results, the mastic layer can be up to several centimeters thick. The minimum permissible thickness is 1 mm.
Mastic for waterproofing Adhesive and weld-on coatings for waterproofing concrete surfaces
Waterproofing concrete using roll coatings is one of the most traditional. Materials are manufactured based on bitumen. Old generation coatings had significant drawback– greater fragility, which created difficulties both during installation and further exploitation. Now into the bitumen used for the manufacture roll waterproofing, adding polymers significantly improves the characteristics of the material.
Roll waterproofing based on bitumen is divided according to the installation principle into:
- Pasting. To install waterproofing, the surface is first coated with bitumen mastic. Next, lay the waterproofing itself and carefully level it. The joints are overlapped and glued together with mastic. Waterproofing can be done in several layers, alternating mastic and rolled material.
- Welded. This waterproofing is bonded to the coating using burners. The material is rolled out over the surface and heated. The mastic layer melts and glues the canvas to the base. The joints are also overlapped.
Welded waterproofing Sealant for concrete
Sealant is used when it is necessary to waterproof small cracks or seams in concrete. There are a large number of different sealants that differ in the main ingredient: rubber, bitumen, silicate, silicone, acrylic, polyurethane, etc.
Three of them are the most popular:
- Acrylic sealant. Made from acrylic. By and large, it's more of a putty. It does not waterproof very well, but it can fill large spaces, levels well and is beautifully painted after drying;
- Polyurethane sealant. It quickly bonds to the surface and, after polymerization and drying, has high strength. It has proven itself to be excellent for sealing seams and joints between slabs. On top of the dried polyurethane sealant can be painted;
- Silicone sealant. The most commonly used and popular. Best protects against moisture and dampness. Can be used on different surfaces, as it has high adhesion. The downside is its insusceptibility to painting - paint simply does not adhere to dried silicone sealant. But there are already tinted ones silicone sealants.
Silicone sealants can be acidic or neutral. For work on concrete, exclusively neutral silicone sealants are used, since acids, when reacting with substances from concrete, can destroy both the concrete itself and the sealant.
Sealant for concrete Waterproofing concrete with “liquid glass”
Liquid glass is a substance that is a mixture of sodium and potassium silicates. The composition of liquid glass is similar to stationery glue. Silicates included in the composition liquid glass, react with concrete components and plug microcracks in layers close to the surface.
Liquid glass is a penetrating waterproofing material. Application is very simple - using a brush or roller. You can do the work yourself. But, it should be noted that the composition is fragile after drying, so such waterproofing requires protection from mechanical damage.
Waterproofing concrete with “liquid glass” Basically, when using cement mortar high quality and high inherent strength, as well as by creating certain molding and drying conditions, it is possible to obtain practically waterproof concrete. This type of concrete is used in the construction of high-rise buildings and structures. special purpose. IN normal conditions It is very difficult to make such concrete. Especially when it comes to low-rise private construction.
To increase the service life of buildings and to reduce the impact of moisture on them, waterproofing of concrete is necessary. A variety of materials can be used for this: concrete sealant; hydrophobic additives for concrete; mastic for concrete; welded or glued rolls. The main thing is that the waterproofing is selected appropriately, and the treatment is done professionally.
Hydraulic insulation of concrete with special compounds is important when constructing new buildings and preserving existing ones. At correct processing old foundations protective materials due to dampness, buildings remain in use for a long period. The most common drawback of old buildings is corrosion of iron reinforcement. The means used make it possible to get rid of the deficiency and operate concrete buildings longer.
Penetration of an aggressive environment and salt substances into the finished structure destroys concrete and iron from the inside. Therefore, additives to concrete for waterproofing can prevent such factors. Treatments are also used to achieve the same result on finished structures.
Description of the concrete waterproofing process
Penetrating concrete waterproofing uses a wide variety of preparations offered by the industry. But some of them have proven themselves better than others and are chosen by builders more often. Concrete waterproofing Penetron belongs to the category of the most selected materials. It processes strategically important buildings, such as bridges, or rather their concrete part, which is lowered into water streams, concrete walls on embankments that protect cities from rising water in rivers. The composition is also able to protect the structure from temperature changes and constant exposure to water. For a long time, hydraulic insulation products were used, which covered only the surface with a protective layer in the form of a film coating, and with a small scratch, water flows seeped inside and continued their destructive properties.
Now new tests have made it possible to create a material that is very different in composition from the previous ones, which, covering the concrete part, not only insulates it from above, but also penetrates inside, seeping through all possible paths, small capillaries and recesses. By processing concrete, he copes with corrosion and destruction.
Benefits of Penetrating Insulation
Penetrating insulation helps control the impact of factors such as:
A high content of chlorine in water, which destroys the metal parts of the concrete structure and corrodes the metal,
Frequent wetness of a building located on the street, the impact of changes in seasons on concrete, radiation from solar activity. Penetron, connecting to the concrete carrier, increases its density, which allows you to stoically resist the effects of aggression from nature.
When the composition gets into the depressions and small cracks, filling them, it produces a healing process, that is, they are covered with the mixture and completely disappear.
How to work with Penetron mixture
The use of the building mixture involves diluting it with water to the state of thick sour cream and applying it to a surface previously moistened with water. You can spread the composition with a brush or roller. First, corners and areas with depressions and cracks are processed. Then it is rolled out over the entire required part of the concrete.
When applied, the components of the creamy mixture penetrate into the thickness through capillaries and cavities and clog them. When interacting with a concrete base, an impregnated crystalline crust is formed, which strengthens and makes the concrete durable. Crystals prevent the penetration of moisture, but freely allow air flow, which allows maintaining a favorable atmosphere in buildings. The Penetron mixture can be used to treat external walls and in the middle of buildings, which will create a completely impenetrable protection.
In other words, this is an effective composition that comprehensively processes concrete and if any damage or cracks occur, the mixture, with the help of crystalline formations, tightens problem areas and the protection becomes complete again.
Liquid waterproofing method
Liquid waterproofing of concrete is the next treatment method. Adhesion of every millimeter is important point. Otherwise, what is the use of the treatment if it is not stuck over the entire surface and has gaps.
This occurs when applying rolled hydraulic insulators, through which air penetrates in some places, followed by water.
Difficulty of processing concrete base The problem is that it is difficult to make it even and the rough, wavy surfaces do not allow for good hydraulic insulation. This is where a method comes to the rescue, in which complete coverage is achieved and omissions are impossible. Liquid rubber will cover the entire surface, both before and after leveling.
To apply liquid hydraulic insulation to the floor, a preliminary screed is done, but only in order to save material. But in those cases when you need to make hydraulic insulation inside the concrete, that is, do it and fill and screed on top, liquid rubber is just what is needed.
The more curved the surface, the harder it is to make complete hydraulic insulation, but this does not apply to the composition liquid rubber, it freely covers up all the errors of the structure.
Another important fact is that liquid rubber can be applied to a layer of concrete that is not completely dry. That is, the rubber compound applied to a concrete base that was poured five days ago will waterproof it and will not lag behind anywhere, and hydraulic protection can be applied to the floor part already on the third day after pouring.
Bitumen and other insulators work only on a dried and thoroughly cleaned base. Before applying, you need to check that there are no puddles left on the base; they are not visible to the eye, so you can run your hand and see whether it is dry or not. If there are places where your hand feels a little moisture, you need to dry these areas. How to dry it, you can blot it with a piece of foam rubber. If your hand does not feel wet, and the surface is cold and slightly damp, you can spray the rubber protection.
Rubber makes the suit completely seamless over the entire surface. That is, when covering, not even a hint of any connecting overlap is formed. Full steam and hydraulic insulation occurs. It turns out that the area treated with rubber is enveloped on all sides. Excellent protection against moisture and gaseous substances.
Advantages of liquid rubber
Formaldehyde causes minor damage:
- Hydrochloric acid is harmful only at high temperatures,
- Hydrogen sulfide does not cause any harm.
Liquid rubber protects concrete bases from water and chemical reagents, but will not protect against mechanical ruptures. Therefore, usually a screed is made on top of the applied composition, if it is a floor, and a coating of other materials is applied to the sidewalls.
Waterproofing materials
If you need to hydraulically isolate concrete slabs foundation from the outside, then to prevent damage, foam plastic or insulation is laid on top of the rubberized base, and this is how the backfill is made.
When waterproofing concrete, different materials are offered, consisting of mastics containing bitumen and polymers. Technoprok produces environmentally friendly and high-quality mastics for insulating concrete surfaces.
Do-it-yourself concrete waterproofing can be done using Rapidflex and Technoprok brands of liquid rubber. These are emulsion compositions that can be used to treat basements and other concrete premises independently, but using equipment adapted for this purpose. Rubber compounds cannot be applied with brushes or rollers; they must be sprayed onto the surface so that the liquid is evenly distributed and adheres.
Materials for liquid waterproofing
To work with a brush yourself, you can use coating liquid rubbers, which are available in the form of a paste. Elastopaz or Elastomix materials have such a consistency that they can be worked with a spatula or brush.
In order for these rubbers to adhere well to the concrete base, its surface must be coated with primers that will promote good adhesion of the liquid rubber and concrete. Hydraulic insulation with liquid rubber compounds provides protection from water and radon.
When using the adapted equipment and spraying the room with rubber, the whole process occurs as follows. On a well-cleaned surface, vacuumed and free of debris, begin applying layer by layer of liquid rubber.
During work, it is advisable not to stop and spray in uniform stripes. All work should be done quickly, since the rubber composition quickly hardens and a continuous crust is obtained.
Protection of buildings
Protective work for concrete buildings are simply necessary, no matter what the concrete is, with correct proportions batch, with the addition of an additive to concrete for waterproofing, with the use of various additives, without additional protective film, it will begin to deteriorate and collapse over time. Corrosive processes occur, but if you carry out additional work By being protected from them, concrete can serve for a long time.
The concrete structures built by the ancient Romans have survived to this day, but, of course, now no one plans to build such durable buildings, but for 50-70 years you can keep the foundation in good condition.
When processing and hydraulic isolation in own homes Special compounds should be used to close all kinds of cracks and treat corners. Mastic for waterproofing concrete will block the access of moisture through small cracks formed during drying. The entire surface is treated with it before using any type of hydraulic insulation, except penetrating and using liquid glass. In all other ways, it will help improve the water-repellent performance of hydraulic insulation, fill and level out construction errors and prevent the concrete base from starting to collapse at joints and chips.
Liquid glass for waterproofing
There are several options for hydraulic insulation, which are used for work on large construction sites and for protecting home buildings from water. Waterproofing concrete with liquid glass is one of the options. It is used quite rarely at home, since the composition has the ability to quickly crystallize and harden. Of course, sometimes when constructing pits for storing water supplies, liquid glass in powder form is added to the mixed concrete before it is poured into the prepared and installed formwork. It is quickly mixed, and the composition is compacted into the formwork.
This additive allows long time maintain the integrity of the concrete and prevent water from leaking out. In addition, the added powder protects against the appearance of cracks through which water will leak, but such a hole is short-lived and will have to be further insulated over time.
Construction crews use glass additives when mixing in special equipment, which prevents the glass from crystallizing ahead of time and the prepared concrete will be more durable. There are also options for applying glass to the surface. There is soda glass, which has increased adhesiveness and interacts well with mineral components. This category is used when adding to the foundation and in the manufacture of antiseptic and fire-resistant impregnations.
Potassium liquid glass is resistant to atmospheric influences and is used in the manufacture of dyes. Treatment with liquid glass compounds is often used to protect architectural monuments made of concrete, since the applied glass covers the entire surface with a continuous crystal-like film and water and wind cannot destroy the statues. It is also used in places where a fire hazard may arise, and glass, unlike rubber, will not burn and will retain the protective layer.
When adding liquid glass to concrete solutions, precautions must be taken. To prevent the concrete from being damaged, quick mixing and rolling or pouring of the finished solution is necessary. Before adding, liquid glass is diluted in a 1:2 ratio with water. It can be added to the solution and simply sprayed from a spray bottle onto the surface. A layer of liquid glass will restore weathered areas of the concrete base and create antiseptic protection.
Description of the work process
Before use, the entire surface is cleaned of dust, leveled and treated with degreasing compounds. For application to the surface, a spray bottle is used, and the glass penetrates the concrete by 1-2 mm. If it is necessary to increase the protective layer, then it must be applied several times, thus increasing the penetration to 2 cm.
During processing wooden products, you can place it in a vessel with liquid glass for complete coverage and impregnation. For basements, you can add 1 liter of glass to the plaster for every 10 liters of solution. Liquid glass is used for hydraulic insulation of basements, screeds, wells and other buildings, as well as anti-corrosion protection metal Before treating with liquid glass, wooden floors are sanded with sandpaper. Before starting work, all surfaces are thoroughly cleaned.
There are several compositions that are used for hydraulic insulation. Nowadays, they have been developed that do not dry quickly and can be used at home without using special equipment. These compositions are diluted with water in a ratio of 1:2 and applied with a brush to the concrete base. The work process is the same as when painting. The composition of glass has such a peculiarity that if the surface was not completely smooth, then the use of the composition will level it, roughness will be removed and small cracks will close.
The use of a new composition of liquid glass makes it possible to make quick hydraulic protection of basements, bathrooms, wooden buildings, sewer concrete drains and wells.
When carrying out repairs or restoration of concrete or plaster coatings, penetrating concrete waterproofing is used. This material helps improve the quality characteristics of concrete and makes it moisture resistant. We’ll look at how to choose where to buy penetrating concrete waterproofing below.
Penetrating waterproofing of concrete: features and characteristics
Penetrating waterproofing is a material that contains Portland cement, fillers and active chemical additives. The additives are salt elements of alkalis, alkaline earth metals or polymers.
Main feature penetrating waterproofing is based on the principle of the solution: chemical additives applied to the surface penetrate deep into the concrete, moving through capillary pores filled with water.
The function of protection against moisture consists in the interaction of calcium compounds, which are the main component of cement, with penetrating waterproofing additives, while the pores that are located on the cement surface are reduced and do not allow water to pass through.
The scope of application of penetrating waterproofing extends to:
- repair and waterproofing of concrete surfaces;
- restoration of reinforced concrete structures;
- restoration of cement-sand coatings.
In addition, the use of penetrating waterproofing is associated with waterproofing:
- concrete or brick basements;
- cellars;
- foundations;
- swimming pools;
- terraces;
- garages;
- inspection holes;
- civil defense objects;
- water containers;
- wells.
Elements whose main components are foam concrete, expanded clay concrete and other types of porous concrete and asbestos-cement materials are unsuitable for applying penetrating waterproofing.
The main difference between penetrating waterproofing and roll materials consists in the fact that waterproofing acts over the entire area and thickness of the concrete structure, and rolled materials protect concrete only at the place of their installation. In addition, rolled materials are not able to withstand constant contact with water, so their installation in swimming pools and water tanks is ineffective. Penetrating waterproofing has an unlimited lifespan and performs its functions until it collapses itself. concrete covering.
Limitations in the use of concrete waterproofing
The use of penetrating waterproofing is becoming a fairly popular process, but there are cases when, due to ignorance or lack of experience, these materials are used in cases where their use is inappropriate. Therefore, we propose to consider cases in which concrete waterproofing is necessary.
The use of penetrating compounds comes down to their use as one of several waterproofing options or the main waterproofing material.
In the process of waterproofing foundations that are constantly in contact with water, the use of roll-type waterproofing is not always effective. To further enhance the waterproofing characteristics of this type of structure, it is recommended to use penetrating waterproofing, which can provide internal protection from moisture.
The fundamental difference between penetrating waterproofing and its alternative options is its ability to penetrate into the thickness of concrete. Some types of penetrating solutions are capable of waterproofing concrete up to forty centimeters deep.
It is recommended to use penetrating waterproofing materials to protect structures made of concrete or reinforced concrete, to waterproof surfaces that are constantly in contact with moisture, in the process of waterproofing foundations, if the groundwater level is too high.
The main advantages of purchasing penetrating waterproofing materials:
- increasing the water-repellent characteristics of concrete structures;
- formation of a durable waterproofing layer over the entire thickness of the concrete product;
- the ability to work on internal and external parts of the structure;
- Possibility of application on wet surfaces;
- no need to dry the concrete.
The main advantage of purchasing penetrating materials is their ability to protect the interior of the structure from external moisture. This explains the widespread use of this material when carrying out restoration work on premises, such as basements, in which there is no possibility of carrying out external waterproofing.
In addition to a large number of advantages, penetrating waterproofing is characterized by the following disadvantages:
- concrete structures that have or are subject to the formation of surface cracks will not be protected from moisture, therefore the use of penetrating waterproofing is associated only with crack-resistant structures;
- provides only superficial protection brick buildings, since the brick does not contain the substances necessary for the reaction;
- not suitable for waterproofing porous concrete bases;
- not applied to foundation blocks.
Operating principle of concrete additive for waterproofing
First of all, the waterproofing mixture is mixed with water and covers the wet surface of the concrete base. The waterproofing effect occurs due to the fact that the pores of the concrete are gradually filled with waterproofing solution.
Due to the fact that the material contains a large number of active chemical additives, they begin to interact with the elements in concrete composition, this results in a crystallization process, and a continuous barrier is created that makes the concrete moisture resistant.
The process of compacting the concrete solution occurs due to the presence of water. If there is no water in the solution, the process stops; if water is present, it resumes.
The penetration of waterproofing into concrete reaches thirty to forty centimeters. The presence of micropores, capillaries and microcracks filled with crystals increases the water resistance of concrete several times. At the end of this process, a concrete base is obtained in the form of a compacted waterproof coating.
Penetrating waterproofing is rightfully considered a unique material, since during the processing of concrete, with the help of these solutions, interaction occurs between chemically active substances and cement stone. As a result, an insoluble thread-like crystal coating is formed, which is resistant not only to moisture, but also to aggressive substances.
Structures that have been treated with penetrating waterproofing are resistant to the effects of chemical reagents, aggressive irritants, saline solutions, waste water and other aggressive components, from environment.
The use of penetrating waterproofing has a positive effect on the frost resistance of concrete, provides its protection from wind, mechanical shock, and precipitation and prevents the process of oxidation of reinforced concrete reinforcement sections.
Crystalline compounds are characterized by the presence of tiny pores through which water does not pass, but at the same time the concrete does not lose its air or vapor permeability characteristics. Thus, the concrete coating “breathes” but does not allow moisture to pass through.
Moisture is required to form crystalline compounds on the concrete surface, so a newly installed concrete base is ideal for penetrating waterproofing materials to work. When working with dry concrete, it requires preliminary moistening.
In addition, among the main advantages of penetrating waterproofing there are:
- compaction of the concrete structure;
- compaction of cracks up to four millimeters;
- no need to treat the concrete base with a primer;
- resistance to puncture, tearing or separation from the surface;
- no need for protection during backfilling.
The most effective is the use of penetrating waterproofing at a temperature of use of concrete structures from -30 to +10 degrees.
The use of penetrating waterproofing protects concrete from chemical attack, chlorides, and metal corrosion. At the same time, concrete is not exposed to moisture and ultraviolet radiation. Also, penetrating materials have good resistance, are resistant to stress, compressive strength and resistance to radiation.
Penetrating waterproofing of concrete: materials, selection process
Before you buy penetrating waterproofing for concrete, you should familiarize yourself with the recommendations that will help you choose the right type of solution suitable for a certain stage of the waterproofing process.
The use of cement-based penetrating waterproofing is important when processing external walls, floors, basements, foundations, liquid storage tanks, sewerage systems, tanks, tunnels, mines, wells, parking lots, technical buildings, water dams, swimming pools.
We propose to consider the main manufacturers of penetrating waterproofing products:
1. "Osmosil" - Italian penetrating waterproofing. The material looks like a ready-made mixture based on the use of osmotic waterproofing cement, with high strength protective composition and with special filling admixtures.
The use of "Osmosil" is associated with carrying out internal and external waterproofing work on the foundation and foundations of the building. It is recommended to use the material in the premises of mines, elevators, and when arranging drainage system and water tanks, when renovating a shower or bathroom. Application of the material is possible both from the inside and from outside. "Osmosil" is applied to stone, concrete or brick bases. The main feature is preliminary plastering of the surface. It is not recommended to use waterproofing on surfaces that are subject to constant shrinkage or vibration. IN in this case It is recommended to add latex-based additives to the solution. The coating treated with this waterproofing material is recommended to be used in the temperature range from -35 to +85 degrees. Waterproofing work is carried out at temperatures above five degrees Celsius. Finished coating exposed to stress no earlier than after two days.
2. "Hydrotex" - penetrating waterproofing, which includes sand, cement and penetrating additives. There are two types of this waterproofing: "Hydrotex" B - used for internal waterproofing, "Hydrotex" U - for external waterproofing.
Scope of application of the material:
- concrete and stone structures;
- concrete buried or semi-buried foundations;
- basements, garages;
- storage;
- tunnels, mines;
- sewer, water systems;
- swimming pools, water tanks, etc.
The developers of Hydrotex products claim that their materials are capable of penetrating concrete to a thickness of up to one meter. "Hydrotex" is not used on stone-concrete structures, which are characterized by the absence of capillaries.
Features of the use of penetrating waterproofing
1. Basements.
Protecting the basement from moisture accumulation involves not only the use of good waterproofing, but also the correct construction of the walls and their support in the form of a foundation. The positive effect of penetrating waterproofing will be achieved if there is a minimum number of joints on the walls, materials will be introduced directly into concrete mortar, and the application will be both internal and external.
2. Potato storage facilities.
If you do not provide protection from moisture at this facility, it will fill with water and the potatoes will spoil. Therefore, to ensure high-quality waterproofing of potato storage facilities, it is necessary to use special concrete slabs during the construction process that have waterproofing characteristics or take care of organizing water resistance using special waterproofing materials.
The use of dry mixtures helps prevent the formation of a film on the coating, since they are used directly in the solution itself and act along the entire perimeter of the concrete. The use of dry mixtures is the most the best option waterproofing of such structures. The main advantage of such waterproofing is that there is no need to dry the surface before application. The mixture is applied to the wet surface.
This waterproofing is applied with a brush and immediately interacts with the concrete surface. In addition, the solution helps fill microcracks, while the wall does not allow moisture to pass through, but allows air to pass through.
3. Foundation.
Foundation waterproofing is a necessary part of building a home. Since it is the foundation that is most susceptible to environmental influences. Therefore, this part of the building requires protection from the effects of melt and ground water, as well as from harmful substances, falling from groundwater. At the same time, penetrating materials are absolutely harmless to people, but very effective for the building. It is recommended to use such waterproofing in the construction of buildings for any purpose, from public and industrial to private and social. Since the building has been in use for decades, even if the groundwater level is low during the construction of its foundation, after a certain time, changes are possible that, if the waterproofing is poor, will significantly affect the entire building and lead to its destruction.
4. Wells.
The use of penetrating waterproofing when carrying out work to improve the water-repellent characteristics of concrete in a well allows you to start work without preparing the surface, and there is no need to scrape the walls, moisten the concrete or maintain the waterproofing.
Of all materials for waterproofing concrete best performance have liquid compositions: coating, membrane or deep penetration. Their main advantage is the absence of seams and high adhesion to working surfaces; they also benefit in ease of application, service life, reliability, environmental safety and resistance to external influences. The only drawback is considered high price, but the improved performance justifies it. The scope of application is universal, it is used in private construction to insulate basements, blind areas, building foundations, floors, ceilings and walls, and in industrial construction for the protection of hydraulic and underground structures.
The term “liquid waterproofing” refers to both one- and two-component ready-made solutions, and mixtures diluted with water. They are applied in a thin layer: with a brush, spatula, or sprayed onto prepared concrete; the drying time for most modern brands is minimal. Upon completion of the isolation procedure work surface becomes impenetrable to external moisture and more protected from external influences. The final effect depends on the type of composition used: coating compounds form a reliable thin coating with enhanced adhesion, deep penetration options improve the structure of the concrete composition itself.
The main difference from rolled materials or standard bitumen mastics is the enhanced quality of adhesion to the working plane. The principle of operation of penetrating insulation is based on the effect of one-way diffusion: moisture molecules penetrate deep into concrete and, instead of destruction, form a crystalline structure that protects the pores. Surface marks interact with top layers and cover joints and cracks.
There are three main types of waterproofing compounds:
1. Liquid rubber is a latex solution that forms a thin elastic membrane with high hydrophobic properties after 24 hours (time of final polymerization). This variety is sprayed or applied with a roller and adheres well to vertical structures. The recommended scope of application is waterproofing the basement and external walls of the foundation.
2. – a solution of sodium salts, which greatly enhances the water-repellent qualities of concrete. This substance can be used as an additive in building mixtures and for subsequent waterproofing.
The advantages include the absence of the need for preliminary priming, low cost and good penetrating properties. But for structures that are constantly in contact with open ground, this option is not suitable.
3. Mineral (cement) based compositions with deep penetration. Most effective way enhancing water resistance and frost resistance. The method consists of applying one- or two-component solutions with a brush; the second type is mixed not only with clean water, but also with a liquid that enhances the polymerization process. They penetrate deeply into the concrete structure and strengthen it.
The main criterion is the operating conditions and the type of surface being treated. All types of insulation provide good protection from fungus and are safe for health, but not all of them are universal. The following factors are taken into account:
1. Price of materials. In this regard, liquid glass definitely wins; the most expensive are cement-sand glass with unique additives.
2. Humidity level, there is no point in covering surfaces with constant contact with salt solutions, for blind areas, flooded rooms, and at high groundwater the best option brands are considered liquid waterproofing for deep penetration concrete.
3. Polymerization rate. Liquid rubber sets in 15 minutes and reaches maximum protective properties within a day. The effect of deep penetration brands manifests itself and intensifies over time.
4. Complexity of installation, need for additional equipment. Waterproofing with liquid glass is the easiest way to carry out; latex emulsions and mastics require preliminary priming, cement mortars are applied in two layers and diluted extremely carefully (the processing of especially critical objects is entrusted to specialists). The most economical consumption is observed when using a sprayer, but not everyone has it.
5. Service life of waterproofing. For sodium salts - no more than 5 years, liquid rubber - 10-15, cement compositions– from 15 and above.
6. Slot sizes. If necessary, waterproofing joints best results show latex emulsions. Penetrating species that form a single crystalline structure with concrete are relevant for microcracks.
Cost of liquid formulations
| Brand name | Type of waterproofing | Scope of application | Weight, kg | Price, rubles |
| Knauf Flachendich | Cold latex-based mastic. Suitable for application on slightly damp concrete | External and internal works | 5 | 1420 |
| Ceresit CR 166 | A two-component mixture with elasticizers with high elasticity and frost resistance, provides good protection of concrete from carbonation | 10 | 3080 | |
| Liquid rubber Rapidflex | Bitumen-latex emulsion, applied as a single-layer membrane | 200 | 31150 | |
| Elastopaz | One-component liquid rubber | 18 | 4950 | |
| Euromast | Acrylic-based polymer mastics | 20 | 3000 | |
| Masticov | Sodium liquid glass | Ceilings, floors, attics and basements, swimming pools | 15 | 250 |
| Himitex | 300 | 5800 | ||
| Aquamat-Penetrate | Cement-based penetrating waterproofing | Basements, elevator shafts, foundations, blind areas, hydraulic structures, underground structures | 20 | 2200 |
| Lakhta | 5 | 1050 | ||
| Penetron | The same, with the possibility of improving the water and frost resistance of concrete and protecting them from aggressive agents | Any surfaces with pores and cracks within 0.4 mm | 25 | 7500 |
