What type of drain is needed for a bathhouse? How to organize drainage of water from a bathhouse

Having your own bathhouse is the dream of most homeowners. Many of them are starting self-construction to make your dream come true. One of the most important moments during construction, the organization of water drainage is considered. A properly designed and installed structure will protect the foundation and wooden parts from destruction, prevent the possible appearance of fungus and unpleasant odors. How to drain a bathhouse according to all the rules? Let's figure it out.

Collection Wastewater can be carried out in the bath different ways. Choice optimal option depends on what kind of floors you plan to lay. They may or may not leak. In the first case, it is assumed that a special reservoir will be installed to collect water, from which the wastewater will go into the sewer system. In the second case, an inclined floor is installed, and gutters and ladders are installed through which the water will drain.

In any case, the drainage system must be installed before laying the floors. The general installation diagram is as follows:

At this point, the installation of the sewage system inside the bathhouse can be considered complete. All that remains is to connect sanitary equipment and a toilet to the system, if necessary. Now it's time to tackle the outdoor drainage.

Video - the process of installing a sewer system in a bathhouse with your own hands

Prices for pipes for external sewerage

pipes for external sewerage

How to choose a wastewater disposal method?

There can be many options for organizing an external bath sewer. When choosing one of them, be sure to consider the following points:

• expected intensity of use of the bathhouse;
• dimensions of the building;
• type of soil on the site;
• soil freezing depth;
• presence or absence on site sewer system;
• ability to connect to centralized system sewerage.

These are the most important aspects that will determine the best way water drainage. For example, for small bathhouse where two or three people will wash once a week in the warm season, there is no need to equip a complex sewer system using ground filtration. A drainage hole or even a pit under the building will be quite sufficient here. Whereas for a bathhouse in which you plan to wash all year round, you will need a more complex drainage system.

The type of soil is also important. For highly absorbent sandy soils, a drainage well is the optimal solution. This is not suitable for clay soils. Here the best option a drainage pit will be constructed from which wastewater will be periodically removed. When installing the system, do not forget about the level of soil freezing. If this is not taken into account, the water in pipes laid above this level will freeze in extreme cold and destroy the sewer system.

Methods for arranging wastewater disposal

There are several effective and relatively low-cost ways to organize the drainage of water in a bathhouse. All of them are quite easy to do on your own. Let's look at their main advantages and disadvantages.

Drain well

It is a sealed container in which wastewater coming from the bathhouse accumulates. When the well is full, it is emptied using a special machine. Advantages of the system:

• simplicity in arrangement;
• It does not require special care;
• low cost.

The disadvantages include the following:

• need for regular calls sewage treatment plant cars, which entails certain expenses.
• organization easy access special equipment to the well;
• the drainage well should be installed at the lowest point of the site.

Drainage well

It is made in the form of a pit filled with filtrate, which cleans the wastewater. Sand, crushed stone, small fragments of brick or furnace slag can be used as filler. Design advantages:

• low cost;
• simplicity in arrangement.

Drainage well - as an element for draining water from a bathhouse

The system has one drawback - the need to change the contaminated filtrate or clean it approximately every six months, which requires serious labor costs.

Pit

A hole dug directly under the floor of the washing room in a bathhouse. Its bottom is filled with filtrate, through which wastewater passes, is cleaned and gradually passes into the lower layers of the soil. Advantages of the system:

• the use of pipelines and other structural elements is not required;
• low installation cost.

A pit is the easiest way to arrange a sewer system in a bathhouse

Disadvantages include:

• low throughput;
• the technology is unsuitable for use in the construction of a bathhouse with a slab foundation;
• Suitable for use only on highly absorbent soils.

Using the ground filtration method

It is a system consisting of a septic tank and pipes diverging from it, through which purified water is discharged. The pipes are laid at a slope so that the liquid flows by gravity and is absorbed by the soil. Design advantages:

• completely autonomous operation;
• can be used to equip a full-fledged sewer system with several points for collecting waste;
• the ability to purify not only “gray” but also “black” wastewater; in this case, at least an anaerobic septic tank is installed.

Significant disadvantages:

• the need to allocate a site for a septic tank;
• labor-intensive installation process, the need for a large amount of excavation work;
• quite high cost of equipment and consumables.

As an option, you can consider connecting to a centralized sewerage system. This optimal solution wastewater problems. In this case, no external devices will be needed for receiving and processing wastewater. Another plus is the ability to connect several water intake points at once. The disadvantages of this option include the high cost of contractor services and the bureaucratic red tape that often arises when obtaining permits.

Drain well: manufacturing technology

Drain pit – practical solution for wastewater disposal. It can be arranged in different ways. The simplest one is to dig a plastic or metal container into the ground. You can make a pit from reinforced concrete rings, fill the walls with concrete or line them with bricks. Let's consider the last option in detail.

Drain well is an excellent solution for draining sewage

Let's start with choice suitable place. It should be located at the lowest point of the site, since the wastewater will have to move by gravity. In addition, we take into account that the pit will regularly need to be cleared of waste, so it is necessary to provide convenient access for sewage treatment plant cars. Having outlined the location, we get to work:

The drainage pit is ready for use.

Drainage well

Such a system can only be installed in an area with deep groundwater. Otherwise in force design features drainage well, it will be constantly filled with groundwater, and there will be no room left for drainage. Before starting work, we determine the place where the well will be located. It is optimal to place it 2 meters away from the wall of the bathhouse. If the distance is greater, certain difficulties will arise with organizing the necessary slope of the drain pipe, which is necessary for the waste to drain by gravity.

A drainage well is great way arrangement of sewerage in the bathhouse

In addition, the close location of the well threatens the foundation with wetting or subsidence. Having decided on the installation location, we find out what materials we will need for installation. It depends on the type of soil. If it does not crumble, we will not need to strengthen the walls of the pit. However, such soils are not found everywhere. Most often, the walls need to be strengthened. This can be done in different ways:

Let's get started:

The drainage well is ready for use.

Tip: If the site has sandy, well-absorbing soil, you can install a horizontal drainage pad instead of a well. It is a trench about 1 m long, 0.3 m wide and 1 m deep. A cushion of crushed stone 20 cm high is laid at the bottom, and soil is poured on top. The wastewater is discharged directly onto this pad, cleaned and absorbed into the soil.

Prices for a drainage well

drainage well

Pit

The pit is a reservoir for wastewater located directly under the washing room. You need to understand that such a system will be effective only for small baths that are used infrequently. Work on arranging the pit is carried out in the following sequence:

1. We dig a hole under the future floor, the volume of which will be sufficient to collect water.
2. We strengthen the walls of the pit with any in an accessible way: brick, wild stone or slate.
3. We place a filter pad at the bottom of the resulting tank. First, a layer of crushed stone, broken brick or expanded clay is laid. Place sand on top of this layer.
4. We install logs on top of the pit. We lay a wooden floor on them, the floorboards of which should not fit tightly to each other so that water can drain into the pit.

Tip: The floorboards of a wooden floor laid over a pit do not need to be nailed to the joists. In this case, they can be removed if necessary and taken outside to dry.

There is another option for arranging a pit, which in in this case plays the role of a reservoir from which wastewater, having reached a certain level, is discharged into a sewer or septic tank. Such a system is usually installed under “leaky” floors. Let's get started:

We install a water seal. This element is necessary to prevent unpleasant sewer odors from entering the bathhouse. The simplest option homemade water seal - a metal plate installed at an angle. We fix it to the pipe in three places, leaving the lower part unfixed. Important: there should be 5 cm from the bottom of the pit to the bottom edge of the plate. Another option for a homemade water seal is a children’s rubber ball, fixed above the pit drain. When the tank is filled with water, it floats up and opens the drain. As soon as the water drains, the ball descends and closes the pipe.

Ground filtration

One of the main elements of such a system is autonomous septic tank, which is both a settling tank and a distribution well. They are moving away from him drainage pipes, which distribute purified water throughout the area. A septic tank can be purchased at a store or assembled yourself. In the latter case, the easiest option for self-production is a design made of plastic or metal containers. A septic tank made of concrete rings works effectively, as does a structure made of concrete or brick.

Septic tank – perfect solution for drainage of sewage

In any case, we begin the installation of the system with the installation of the septic tank. We install the tank at a depth of 1.2-2.5 m. There is no need to lower the tank deeper, otherwise a problem may arise with the post-treatment of wastewater, which is carried out by anaerobic bacteria. We connect a sewer pipe to the septic tank. It must be buried below the soil freezing level. After installing the septic tank, we begin preparing the drains, as drainage pipes are called.

Their length and diameter depend on the number of drains. Most often, standard plastic pipes with a diameter of 11 cm are used. You can take ordinary plastic sewer pipes and make holes in them. You need to know that in the upper part of the part the diameter of the holes should be smaller than those located in the lower part. This is done to ensure that the outflow of water is uniform. The number of holes at the beginning and end of the pipe also differs. At the very beginning, perforations are performed more often, and at the end - less frequently, and most of them occur in the lower half of the pipe.

To properly arrange drainage, several rules are used:

• the length of each drain cannot be more than 25 m;
• the pipe laying depth is about 1.5 m, always below the soil freezing level;
• the minimum distance between drains is 1.5 m;
• The minimum width of the trench for the pipe is 0.5 m, the optimal width is 1 m.

After the pipes have been prepared, you can begin their installation:

Scheme - using a septic tank as an element of sewerage arrangement in a bathhouse

Important: The ground filtration system requires periodic maintenance. It consists of replacing the silted sand and gravel cushion and the soil underneath it. Depending on the load on the system, such work is carried out once every 10-15 years or less.

Properly organized drainage of water in a bathhouse is the key to its long and trouble-free functioning. It will protect the building from the destructive effects of moisture and prevent contamination of the site with wastewater. Even for small bathhouses, the installation of a sewerage system is mandatory, especially since it is necessary for large premises with separate shower room and toilet. The organization of drainage should be taken with full responsibility, avoiding mistakes and omissions. And then the new bathhouse will only delight its owner with long, impeccable service.

The modern Russian bathhouse is somewhat different from similar buildings erected in the last century. Now almost every steam room uses a full-fledged drainage system that ensures the removal dirty water from the washing room. This has a better effect on the service life of wood and concrete floors, and also reduces the risk of mold and mildew. Making a drain is not as difficult as it might seem.

Drainage system in the washing room

Washing room in a bathhouse with a leaky wooden floor

Traditionally, a Russian bathhouse consists of two rooms - a dressing room and a steam room, combined with a washing room. The layout of modern analogues of Russian baths is represented by such premises as:

• the waiting area;
• washing room;
• steam room

The first room does not require drainage. The technology for drainage in washing and steam baths depends on the type of floor in a particular room.

Typically, the floor in a bathhouse comes in several types:

With the exception of the pouring floor, the internal part of the drainage system is represented by a drain for collecting water and a drain pipe. External part Depending on the size of the building, the type of soil, and the depth of soil freezing, sewerage can have a different appearance.

For a small bathhouse used once a week, a simple drainage system with a small drainage hole located under the floor structure or in close proximity to the building is sufficient. For a bathhouse designed for a large family, which can be heated once or twice a week, a more complex sewer system with a drainage well will be required.

Wastewater disposal method

The design of the drainage system for draining waste water from the washing and steam rooms is selected taking into account the type of soil on which the structure is built and the intensity of use of the bathhouse. Each of the designs has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Pit under the bathhouse

Pit under the bathhouse with a stone for draining water

A shallow hole dug under the floor of a washroom. 2/3 of the pit is filled with filtering components - crushed stone, slag, aquifer sand. This natural filter traps large particles, purifying the water, which is then absorbed into the lower layers of the soil.

The advantages of this system include:

• does not require the use of a piping system;
• ease of installation, cleaning and maintenance.

The main disadvantage of drainage in the form of a pit is that it can only be used for bathhouses on columnar foundation located on sandy soil types. With frequent use of the bathhouse, the soil may become oversaturated with moisture - the water will not have time to spread throughout the soil, which will lead to its stagnation inside the pit.

Drain well

Drain well made of reinforced concrete and plastic septic tank

The outer part of the drainage system is made in the form of a pipeline and a sealed tank filled with wastewater coming from the bathhouse. To construct the reservoir, well rings and a plastic or metal septic tank are used.

As the wastewater fills, the tank is cleaned. To do this, water is pumped out using a vacuum truck and taken to a treatment plant, or a septic tank is filled with biological products that filter the water, after which it is transported through a special pipe to the lower layers of the soil, where it is gradually absorbed.

Among the advantages of a drain well are:

• ease of installation on a site of any size;
• the well does not require periodic cleaning;
• relatively low cost.

For proper functioning of the drainage system, the septic tank must be located below the level of the bathhouse. This will ensure natural and unimpeded flow of waste water. There must be free access to the location of the septic tank, otherwise a sewage disposal truck with a large tank will not be able to drive up to the required distance to pull the water intake hose.

Filtration well

Three-well filtration tank system

It is a well filled with fine-grained crushed stone, finely crushed brick or slag. Waste water removed from the washing room and steam bath enters the well and passes through the filter material.

As a result, a small layer of sludge and a large number of beneficial bacteria are formed that purify the water. After gradual purification, the water leaves naturally or is used for household needs for watering and irrigating the soil.

Among the disadvantages, it can be noted that the filter layer quickly becomes dirty with frequent use of the bath and requires replacement. This is a very labor-intensive process, since crushed stone or slag will have to be removed manually. Despite this, this technology is optimal for draining baths designed for a family of 4–6 people.

Ground filtration

Soil filtration using the example of a closed boiler and distribution pipes

A drainage system consisting of a closed septic tank, where wastewater accumulates, and sewer pipes through which water is drained after it is purified. Pipes are installed over a small area - this ensures uniform flow and absorption of water.

The advantages of ground filtration include:

• complete autonomy;
• possibility of water intake from several points;
• high degree of purification.

Compared to other methods of draining waste water, ground filtration requires the use of a large area of ​​land where water will be absorbed. It is better to carry out installation work at the stage of construction of the bathhouse, when the area adjacent to it has not yet been developed.

For installation, you will need to dig a fairly large pit for installing a septic tank, which requires the use of a large construction equipment and special equipment.

Preparing for drainage installation

The design and installation of the bath drainage system occurs together with the installation of the floor. It is optimal if the work is carried out in the warm season, when the soil is driest. This will allow you to test the functionality of the drain and make adjustments if necessary.

Design of the internal part of the drainage system

Construction of a concrete floor with a drain in a bathhouse

The design of the internal part of the drainage system takes into account the rules that apply to the installation of sewage systems in residential premises. If necessary, a ventilation riser is erected or installed stop valve. For example, installation of a riser is required when organizing drainage from several rooms at once.

The general layout of a concrete floor with a drain consists of the following:

The layout of a wooden floor depends on its design, but in general it has a similar appearance. The drain pipe with a branch pipe is placed in the center of the room at the lowest point of the floor. For natural drainage, the sewer pipe is mounted with a slight slope. When installing drainage in the washing room of a bathhouse and steam room using one pipe, the drainage chute should be located between the rooms under the floor structure.

Design of external drainage area

General diagram of the sewerage system various types in the bath

The calculation and design of the external sewerage section is carried out taking into account the size of the bathhouse, the frequency of its operation, the type of soil and the design of the water intake. As stated above, a filter well is optimal for use for private purposes. The design is designed to purify a large volume of water, sufficient for a family of up to 6 people to visit the bathhouse.

It is optimal if the well design is carried out by professionals. This will allow you to select the required size of the tank for receiving water without overpaying for useless volume.

Drainage systems based on septic tanks are already available ready-made version. Their volume is calculated depending on the number of people simultaneously visiting the bathhouse in a short period of time. For a family of 7 people, a tank with throughput 1.5 m 3 /day.

Related video: planning sewerage in a bathhouse

Polypropylene pipes for sewerage installations

To install the drainage system in the bathhouse, modern high-strength plastic pipes of the required diameter are used. The average service life of the product, subject to installation technology, is 50 years.

Depending on the requirement, pipes made of materials such as:

• PVC - polyvinyl chloride;
• PVC - chlorinated polyvinyl chloride;
• PP - polypropylene;
• HDPE - low-density polyethylene.

Pipes made of PVC, PP and HDPE are not afraid of moisture and are not subject to corrosion. Thanks to the intuitive mounting, they are easy to install. Most manufacturers of plastic pipes have a wide range of products, which allows you to select products of the desired length, diameter and shape.

PVC pipes for laying communications in the ground

Application cast iron pipes impractical - they are expensive, difficult to deliver to the work site and difficult to install, although the products are highly durable and reliable.

Asbestos cement pipes are also not the best choice for a drainage device in a bathhouse. In addition to low strength, they have a rough inner surface, which does not have the best effect on the natural flow of water. This is especially noticeable for highways longer than 10 m.

The cross-section of the drain pipe is selected taking into account the water intake points in the bathhouse. For a typical bath with a steam room and a washing room, a pipe with a diameter of 11 cm is sufficient. For small baths with a single flush, a pipe with a diameter of no more than 7 cm is allowed.

Calculation of the required material

Pipe and tee made of polypropylene for laying the drain

The amount of material required to install the drainage system is selected according to a previously drawn up project. For example, to install the internal part of a drain measuring 5x5 m you will need:

• drain with direct outlet 105×105/50 mm;
• PP socket pipe Ø50, length 500 mm;
• straight pipe PP Ø50, length 1000 mm;
• straight pipe PP Ø50, length 2000 mm;
• adapter coupling 50–110 mm;
• PP outlet 45 o.

If necessary, a polypropylene bend at 90 o is used. The length of the pipe for connecting the drain can vary from 500–1000 mm depending on the height of the floor. If necessary, the pipe is trimmed. A product 2000 mm long is used as a drain pipe. When laying external communications they use PVC pipes length up to 3000 mm.

Necessary tool for the job

To dig trenches and water inlets you will need a comfortable shovel

For installation work You will need the following tool:

• bayonet and shovel;
• bubble level;
• construction knife;
• grinder with a disc for metal/concrete;
• container for sand/crushed stone.

To excavate soil to a depth of more than 2 m, it is better to use special equipment. This will speed up the work process. If all work is performed manually, then it is necessary to take care of safety precautions.

Digging a well should only be done with the help of a partner, who will ensure that the earth falling from the walls of the well shaft does not overwhelm the worker. All work is performed on a safety rope. The performer must be equipped with thick protective clothing and equipment. personal protection in the form of a helmet, glasses and gloves.

Step-by-step guide to creating a bathhouse drain with your own hands

The laying of the drain pipe and the installation of the drain ladder should be carried out simultaneously with the installation of the floor. If you plan to pour a concrete floor in the bathhouse, then further work drainage installation should be carried out only after the initial polymerization of concrete (at least 7 days).

Installation of the internal part of the drainage system

Diagram of the drain pipe supply to various water intake points

To supply the drain pipe, you will need to perform the following work:

1. To lay plastic pipes, you will need to dig a trench 50–60 cm deep. The depth is calculated based on the ground level located outside the building area. With a base height of 30–50 cm, the depth of the trench should be at least 80–110 cm.

   Two trench options for introducing a drain pipe

2. The route of the trench is determined by the project and depends on the location of the drainage ladder. Excavation begins from the most distant point from the point of entry of the drain pipe. For example, in the schematic diagram below, excavation occurs from point A to point B.
3. When digging a trench, a minimum slope is observed: 2 cm per 1 m. After arranging the route, a layer of fine-grained sand 7–10 cm thick is poured onto the bottom of the trench and thoroughly compacted. At the same time, the slope continues to be observed.

   The ground slope is maintained along the pipeline route

4. If the bathhouse is built on strip foundation, then in the selected location a hole should be made for the drain pipe to be inserted. For this, a hammer drill and a grinder with a disc for concrete are used.
5. Vertical and horizontal pipe sections are being installed. In places where it is planned to install the ladder, a horizontal pipe up to 2 m long is installed. The connection to the horizontal pipe is made through a 90° elbow.

   After checking the quality of the pipe connection and maintaining the slope, the trench is backfilled

6. If on one horizontal section the pipeline will have several drains, then a tee of the required diameter is used for connection. For example, in the diagram above this element is highlighted in bright color.
7. To insulate the drain pipe, a shell based on polyurethane foam is used. The thickness of the heat insulator depends on the depth of soil freezing. For middle zone Russia - at least 10 mm with a laying depth of 70–90 cm.

After insulation, the angle of inclination is checked. To do this, alternately in each vertical section 5–10 liters of water are drained from the pipe. If everything is in order and the pipe connections do not leak, then the trench is backfilled with previously removed soil.

Installation of a closed septic tank

Diagram of a water intake in the form of a closed septic tank

As a closed septic tank, you can use both finished products from the manufacturer and structures made by yourself from scrap materials. If the amount of wastewater discharged at a time does not exceed 300 liters, and the total weekly volume is 700 liters, then the septic tank can be made from old car tires.

The water absorption area for a septic tank is calculated based on the fact that sandy soil can absorb no more than 100 l/m2 per day, mixed soil - no more than 50 l/m2, and loamy soil - no more than 20 l/m2 per day. Based on this, the height and base area of ​​the tank is calculated.

Preparing a mine for storing old tires

The septic tank installation technology consists of the following steps:

Before walling up, he checks the functionality of the septic tank. To do this, 50–100 liters are drained through the pipes. water. If the water goes away over time, then you can install ventilation pipe and fill up the septic tank.

Installation of a drain well

To construct a drain well, a metal or plastic tank, reinforced concrete well rings, red brick or stone can be used. The material is selected taking into account the depth of the structure. It is optimal if it is possible to install reinforced concrete structures of the required diameter.

Preparation of a well shaft for the installation of reinforced concrete rings

To build a well you will need to do the following:

1. The location of the well is chosen taking into account that access for a truck must be provided to it. It is advisable that the well be located in a lowland. This will avoid removing a large amount of soil to create a natural flow of water.
2. A hole measuring 1.5 x 1.5 m is dug using special equipment. If ordering an excavator is problematic, then you will have to dig a well shaft manually. During the work, safety precautions are observed. To simplify the process, you can dig a hole square shape.

   A square-shaped well shaft can be lined with old brick

3. A 15 cm layer of fine-grained sand is poured into the bottom of the shaft and thoroughly compacted. After this, a concrete mixture based on M500 cement is prepared. The bottom of the shaft is being filled. If possible, reinforced concrete can be laid at the bottom of the well round shape. This will allow you not to wait for the concrete to polymerize and continue with the work.
4. The mine walls are being lined with red brick. To reduce costs, you can use old and chipped bricks. A solution of clay and sand is used as a binder mixture. A drain pipe is connected to the well at the top. After lining, the surface of the well is processed bitumen mastic.

   After inserting the drain pipe, the filter well made of reinforced concrete rings is covered with a concrete cover

5. As a cover, you can use ready-made reinforced concrete products for well shafts. At self-production You will need to set up formwork from available materials with an overlap of 30 cm in length and width. In the center of the formwork it is necessary to install sides to create a round hole.
6. The first layer of concrete mixture with a thickness of 5–7 cm is poured. After the first layer has set, a reinforcing mesh of reinforcement rods with a cross section of 6–8 mm is laid on its surface. Then the next layer of similar thickness is poured.

After the concrete slab has dried, the shaft is closed with a metal hatch. Before backfilling, the slab is treated with bitumen mastic and covered with polyethylene 200 microns thick.

Installation of a ground filtration system

To install a drainage system using the ground filtration method, you will need to manufacture or purchase a ready-made septic tank of the required volume. Water distribution throughout the site will occur through a pipeline system based on polypropylene products with a cross-section of 110 mm.

Preparing a pit and installing an oblong-shaped water intake

To make a drainage system with ground filtration you will need:

1. In the immediate vicinity of the drain pipe leaving the bathhouse, an area for installing a septic tank is marked. The size of the area should be 30–50 cm larger than the water intake structure itself. A trench 80–110 cm deep should follow the marked area, maintaining a slope.

   Preparing trenches for laying a pipeline for a soil filtration system

2. A pit is being dug for installation of a septic tank. When installing, be careful not to damage the water inlet. After installing the container in the ground, the drain pipe is installed taking into account the freezing thickness of the soil.
3. To prepare drainage in the PP pipe, you need to drill through holes with a diameter of 110 mm in increments of 10 cm. For this, use an electric drill with drills of 8, 10 and 12 mm. The pipe is divided into three equal parts. Holes of the same diameter are drilled in each part from smallest to largest.

   Preparing and laying distribution pipes in trenches

4. Trenches are being prepared for laying distribution pipes. The length of the trench is no more than 25 m. The width of the trench is 50–100 cm. The spacing between adjacent pipes is at least 1.5 m. The depth is from 1.5 m.
5. After preparing the trenches, compliance with the slope of 1.5–2 degrees is checked. Next, a layer of sifted sand and gravel, each 10 cm thick, is poured onto the bottom of the trenches. Afterwards, geotextiles are laid on the crushed stone with an overlap on the walls of the trench.

   Backfilling the trench after checking the pipeline for operability

6. Pipe laying is in progress. After laying, the pipe is wrapped in geotextile and covered with a 10 cm layer of gravel. At the end of each pipe, a 90° bend and a pipe 50–70 cm long are mounted. At the end vertical pipe a protective valve with holes is put on and the trenches are backfilled.

During operation, preventive cleaning of the drainage pipe should be carried out. For this purpose they are used as special plumbing fixtures, as well as pipe cleaning products, which can be purchased at any hardware store.

If you use the sauna frequently, you should periodically check that the container is full and empty it as necessary. This is especially true in spring and autumn, when the earth is full of moisture and water is absorbed into the lower layers of the soil with less intensity.

Ground filtration systems should be serviced every 12–15 years. To do this, it is necessary to completely replace the sand and gravel cushion and the bottom layer of earth in each of the trenches.

A bathhouse is a place that often comes into contact with water. Moreover, this happens both outside and inside. AND protect wooden walls waterproof coating is not enough- it is necessary to organize high-quality drainage to avoid frequent repairs foundation, damage to the bathhouse by pathogenic fungus and wood rotting.

Water is drained from the washing room directly into the drain tank or into a place designated for drainage. Options for organizing a water intake system may differ quite significantly depending on the conditions in which the bathhouse is built and the type of drainage.

First you need to know the answers to a few important issues regarding the conditions of construction of the branch:

1. Where will the drain be located and what area should be allocated for it?
2. What type of soil is on your site where the bathhouse will be located?
3. Is it possible to connect to the central sewer?
4. What budget are you looking for?
5. Will you build the drain yourself or use hired labor?

From proper organization drainage communications The longevity of the building and the quality of the bath procedures themselves depend. Even if the volume of wastewater is small, you should not hope that the soil will absorb all the liquid: the remaining water will still spoil the foundation and the soil itself, which can cause shrinkage of the structure. The only case When drainage may not be necessary, this is if the bathhouse itself will be used no more than once a month by a small number of people (2-3 people). Here you can use a so-called leaky floor, with widely laid boards. In all other cases, this is the first thing you need to plan after laying the foundation. Therefore, it is very useful to know various ways to organize a drain for a bathhouse, even if you do not do it yourself, but order it from a construction company.

Autonomous sewerage system with settling well

The first and most labor-intensive method is a filter settling well based on autonomous sewerage. Here the system consists of two tanks, preferably made of plastic. The first tank filters wastewater from coarse particles by simply mesh filter, arranged in a container. The second tank carries out a second stage of wastewater treatment before sending it to the waste pit. But for any option of drainage with sewerage, a special floor design in the bathhouse is required.

The whole point of such a floor is to tilt towards the center of the room at the initial stage of construction. A fitting is mounted in the center of the floor, which fits closely to the connector in the floor, tightly sealed with sealant around the installation site. The fitting funnel is selected within 5 cm, with slight deviations. Drain pipes from all rooms, if several, are connected by a splitter. But it's worth knowing that the construction of a cesspool is advisable only in the case of a deep location groundwater , at least 4-5 m deep. Otherwise your pit will be flooded. all year round and the odors of putrefactive bacteria from it will haunt you until each subsequent cleaning. If the conditions for the waste pit are favorable, then the second point in calculating the drainage will be to determine the volume of the pit according to several criteria: the number of people in the bathhouse, frequency of use and water consumption.

Next, when the drainage project is ready, the location of the pit is calculated: it should be no further than 2 meters from the bathhouse. If the drain is placed too close, there is a possibility of water penetrating into the foundation. If it is too far away, then it will not be possible to make a sufficient slope for water to drain naturally.

When laying the foundation, you most likely have already become familiar with the type of soil on the site and its properties. When creating a drain hole it is important to understand the physical properties of the earth, since taking this into account, accompanying measures will be selected to strengthen the pit frame. However, if the soil is not loose and does not crumble, then nothing will need to be strengthened. But too dense clay soil also has a drawback in the case of arranging a drain - it does not absorb well. Sometimes in areas you come across good combination sufficiently dense soil with good absorbent properties. Then work with the hole will be limited to the fact that you just need to dig it and arrange filtration according to one of the described methods. But such conditions occur very rarely. Most often, the soil crumbles and you have to resort to strengthening the boundaries of the pit. For strengthening, they often use brickwork with gaps to absorb water, or wild stone (any waterproof material). The easiest option is to use a large plastic tank with many holes as the internal frame of the pit.

It is also important to choose optimal size for holes in the tank. The optimal shape for the tank in this case is a streamlined cylindrical one, since it in the best possible way holds the pressure created by water. It is also necessary to provide the pit with a heavy ceiling made of or iron.

When the tank is ready, filtration material (broken or) is poured into the bottom of the pit and then covered with a layer. The waste pipes, previously connected under the floor of the bathhouse into one, are discharged at a slope to the pit. Moreover, the optimal slope required for rapid drainage varies within 1 cm per 1 meter of pipeline.

Arrangement of a simple drainage pit

This method of organizing drainage is simpler than the first one due to the elimination of several stages of filtration. It involves all the stages of organizing drainage in the bathhouse itself and digging a hole, but in this case only a septic tank without filters will be used. The method is used if there is no desire to bother with replacing the filtration material and it is possible to use a sewage machine to pump out wastewater.

But in this case, you should think about approaching the pit within reach of the car’s arm. The second way to clean a simplified pit system is the use of special bacteria to process rotting residues in a septic tank. Its effectiveness is, of course, several times lower than complete waste removal or natural filtration, but it also has its place.

Ground filtration method

In this method, the main thing is the organization through which the liquid will be supplied to the sewer. The system will be distributed over the entire area of ​​the site so that the water has time to go through several stages of filtration before draining.

Filtration is carried out according to the principle of drainage: the first stage is to install a grate on the pipe (in the initial section) to catch large waste. Then, in the future, the water flows through a section of pipes covered with large filter material. The last stage is a fine filter, that is, coarse sand.

Thus, the water from the wastewater will be filtered throughout the entire area at the same time creating an additional source of irrigation I. This method is suitable only in case of low groundwater, since the location of the pipes must be more than 0.5 meters above the water level.

Drain pipe method

In general, this method is similar to the previous ones and differs only in the type of materials and slight differences in the design of the septic tank. Longer pipe length is important here. At the same time, it is important to install the pipe itself at the stage of pouring the foundation with a slope towards the area for building a sump.

The sump is made on the basis that make up the walls of the pit. The bottom, in turn, should not be covered with anything for better absorption of waste. The pipe is laid without corners or bends, and the diameter of the pipe is taken to be the maximum possible among sewer pipes for domestic waste. When installing a pipe, it is important to insulate it, since when the soil freezes and deforms the plastic, at best.

Drainage material (crushed stone, broken brick, or slag from the combustion of coal), is covered with a small layer of sand on top. Afterwards, a drain pipe diverted from the bathhouse is laid at the bottom. The pit will be designed for a small volume of waste, no more than 100 liters. Therefore, you should think carefully before choosing this option.

If there is at least some possibility of connecting your drainage system to the central sewer system, then this is the most optimal and most effective option for organizing wastewater. If the site is located in an area that is not suitable for this, then you will have to carefully study the soil characteristics, the slope of the site, internal communications, the presence and level of groundwater, and correctly calculate materials and energy costs. Bathhouse owners are often faced with a choice: septic tank or well? Both options have their pros and cons. Setting up a well, for example, will take more time than installing a septic tank. But the right well provides the best filtration of water and virtually eliminates the appearance of unpleasant odors. A septic tank is more suitable for frequent use of a bathhouse, as it provides faster absorption of water. IN financially, the organization of a septic tank and a well are almost the same.

The drainage ditch, which was described in the last, fifth method, is permissible only in the case of a small volume of water and the absence of cultivated plants on the site. Otherwise, they will simply be poisoned by detergents coming from the drains, although the water will undergo filtration to some extent. Nevertheless, This is the cheapest and fastest option for organizing a drain.

In general, despite the apparent ease of performing the task of organizing a drain, It’s not so easy to calculate all communications correctly. Therefore, if you do not have experience in construction, it is better to hire a team of builders - today this service is not too expensive.

An integral component of the steam room is water. But so that it does not stagnate, it is important to know how to drain the bathhouse. In this case, certain nuances must be taken into account. For buildings that are on stilts, a thoughtful approach will be required to ensure that communications do not freeze. Depending on the load on the room, different decisions will be made.

Even before construction

It’s worth thinking about even before laying the foundation. In this case it will be much easier to draw a conclusion. The following points should be analyzed:

• What is the size of the planned building?
• What is the frequency of its use?
• How many people will be inside at the same time?
• Will it ?
• Will the washing room be a separate room or combined with a steam room?
• What is the depth of soil freezing?
• What is the composition of the soil?
• Is there a central sewerage system?
• How much free space is there around the bathhouse?

This questionnaire will greatly simplify the creation of a gasket drawing, and will also make it possible to determine which of the options, which will be described below, is best suited to a particular situation.

Briefly about floors

A big role in how effectively all moisture will be removed from a steam room or washing room is played by the right approach for the manufacture of the floor, as well as the drain hole. The flooring can be wood or concrete. The first, in turn, is divided into:

• leaky;
• leak-proof.

The essence of the leak is that a space is left between the boards through which the water can simply drain under the building. This solution is suitable for the southern regions. In the second option, the boards are laid in two layers with tight joints. In this case, the slope is maintained towards the groove or drain hole.

Concrete floors must be insulated. If you don't do this, your feet will be very cold. When pouring, just as in the case of a non-leaking wooden floor, a slope is maintained towards the drain hole or in the middle where the gutter will pass. Additionally, wooden gratings are placed on top to make those staying in the room more comfortable.

Ladder for various designs will also be different. If this is a bathhouse that is constantly heated, or it is known that the room does not freeze, then you can install a product with a water damper. Usually it is located in the corner or in the middle, where all the liquid collects. Installing such a structure in a wooden floor will not be difficult:

• The work is carried out before the finished floor is installed.
• The location of the drain hole is selected according to the slope of the surface.
• Markings are being made for the ladder.
• A hole is drilled so that a jigsaw file can be inserted. An opening is cut for the product.
• The entire floor surface is covered with thick polyethylene film.
• A slot is made in the place where the drain hole will be located.
• The plastic drain is mounted in place.
• The junction areas of the film are coated with silicone sealant.
• The finished floor is being laid.

Note! With this solution, even if water seeps under the floor somewhere, it will flow down the oilcloth to the drainage point.

But most often, bathhouses are used less often, and if you make a similar structure there, then this can lead to the fact that the water inside will freeze and the product will simply tear into pieces. To prevent this from happening, you can make a drain with a barrier without liquid. One of the solutions is easy to implement in a wooden bathhouse, the other in a bathhouse with a concrete floor.

For wooden:

• You will need a small sheet of galvanized metal measuring 62x38 cm.
• It must be marked as follows: put 2 points from each edge at a distance of 10 cm. The points on the two sides must coincide so that the corner is a square with a side of 10 cm.
• In the resulting squares, a diagonal is drawn from the corner to the point.
• All points are connected by a line to form a rectangle inside. These marks will serve as a guide for us to bend.
• At a distance of 17 cm from the edge of the smaller side in the middle of the sheet we make a notch. This will be the center of the hole for the pipe if it is 50 mm in diameter.
• Now, along the drawn lines, you need to bend this sheet to make a small trough.
• The sharp edges sticking out on the sides are bent towards the larger side.
• Plastic or wooden plank. In size it should be 39 × 17 × 0.5 cm.
• The capacity of this container is about 6 liters. When the water begins to drain, it lifts the bar and freely enters the hole. After the level drops, the board falls into place and closes the hole. This is done so that there is no smell.
• Even if it happens that the board freezes to the trough, when hot liquid gets in, it quickly thaws.

Note! Such a drainage mechanism will be very relevant for baths that stand on a pile or columnar foundation, when the temperature under the floor is sub-zero.

For concrete:

• In order to implement the project, you will need a plastic or durable rubber ball.
• When the floor is poured, it will need to be placed above the drain hole and recessed there a little. You can press it with something on top so that it does not move.
• An additional slope is created around the ball.
• The ball remains in this position until the screed has completely hardened. Afterwards it is very easily separated from the frozen mixture.
• It is he who will serve as the shutter. When the water begins to drain, it will lift the ball. After this, it will fall into place and close the hole, preventing the penetration of unpleasant odors. This shouldn’t freeze, and if it does, it will thaw fairly quickly.

Simple water collection systems

The most simple solution drainage will be a solution for leaking floors.

• A hole is dug under the steam room (or washing room, if they are not combined). Its dimensions will coincide with the area from which the water will flow.
• It needs to be deepened slightly below the freezing point of the soil. Sand is placed in a 10 cm layer on the bottom and compacted well.
• The rest of the space is filled with crushed stone or expanded clay so that there is another 10 cm left to the top. Everything is carefully compacted.
• The remainder of the space is filled with the soil that was dug.

You don't need to do anything else. The liquid will fall into this hole, filter and go further into the soil.

Note! This design will be relevant if the bathhouse is used no more than once a week and there are 3-4 people in it at the same time. If the soil under the bathhouse is clayey, then it will be necessary to make a transition pipe to the pit, which can be located a few meters from the bathhouse.

To implement the following idea, you will need a plastic or metal barrel with a volume of 200 liters.

• A place is chosen near the bathhouse.
• A hole is dug to a depth below freezing of the soil. Its diameter should be 30 cm larger than the diameter of the barrel. This is necessary for ease of installation.
• A 10 cm layer of sand is placed on the bottom and compacted well.
• A layer of fine crushed stone is laid another 10 cm and is also compacted well.
• A hole is cut in the side wall for a pipe through which water will flow.
• In the bottom using a drill and feather drill a hole is drilled at 26 mm. It is necessary for the ventilation hose.
• A nut is screwed onto the ¾" pipe and a sealing gasket is put on. It is pushed through the hole. Another gasket is put on and the entire structure is fixed with the help of a second nut. An adapter is screwed onto the upper thread to the HDPE pipe, which will act as a ventilation pipe.
• The barrel is placed upside down in the hole.
• The drain pipe is connected. It is desirable that it extends 15–20 cm inside. Thus, if the soil shifts, it will not be pulled out.
• Approximately up to the middle, the hole is filled with crushed stone and compacted, but so as not to damage the barrel. The remaining space is filled with soil.

This disposal method is also suitable for non-clayey soils. The capacity is quite enough for 5 people to take a bath at the same time once a week.

Systems under intensive use

In cases where the bathhouse will be used in a more intensive mode or there will be a toilet in it, it is necessary to provide solutions that will allow the system to cope with a large volume of liquid. If the building is located near a private house and VOCs are provided for it, then you can draw a conclusion directly to it. The quickest way to prepare a single-chamber septic tank or cesspool is to do this:

• Dig a pit. Its depth should be just over 3 meters so that 3 concrete rings can easily fit, and they do not reach the surface by 30 cm.
• If the bottom is planned to be filtered, then a 20 cm layer of sand is made, and a 30 cm layer of crushed stone is placed on top. Everything is compacted well. If not, then a 20 cm layer of concrete is poured and the rings are immersed in it.
• The walls can be strengthened in another way, for example, by laying them out of brick. In this case, it is necessary to do the masonry with holes for water drainage.
• A suitable hole is made to enter the sewer pipe.
• The pit is closed from above using a reinforced concrete slab.
• A fan pipe is installed in the lid for ventilation.

This septic tank is cleaned using a vacuum cleaner. It must be located so that there is access to it. The distance to the building must be at least 2 m. It is possible further, but then communications will have to be laid to a greater depth.

In order to increase the interval between cleanings, you can make several chambers. In this case, the water will be purified more effectively, and it will also be possible to increase the volume of average daily wastewater. The essence of the device is to make the first two containers sealed according to the described method, and to make the last one with a filter bottom. At the same time, they are connected to each other using pipes. In the first and second compartments, heavy particles settle. There they decompose with the help of bacteria. The third section receives partially purified water, which then goes into the ground.

Alternatively, you can use plastic containers or buy

The bathhouse has always been considered a purely Russian pastime. She served for bathing, helped keep her body clean and played the role of an outlet for the people. These days it’s hard to imagine a home without it. Many owners who do not have a bathhouse are thinking about building one. One of the questions that arises in connection with construction is: how to make a drain in a bathhouse with your own hands? After all, a bathhouse is a place where you simply cannot do without water. And if there is a sufficient amount of liquid, then it is logical that it needs to be put somewhere. Some might say that the easiest way is for the water to drain into a pit, a free space under the floor. But, we want to upset you - this is fraught with the fact that mold will form in the floor, there will be a constant smell of rot in the room, and most importantly, the bathhouse may sag, as the water will destroy upper layer soil. And not in all cases it will be possible to arrange it, due to the fact that the soil may have a high content of clay, which does not absorb moisture.

That is why it is important to know how to properly organize a bathhouse drain with your own hands and approach this work with special responsibility. In this situation, your drain will last for many years. This article will look at several options on how you can make a drain in a bathhouse with your own hands. This instruction will help you cope with the task.

How are the floors in the bathhouse arranged?

If we talk about a properly made drain for a bathhouse, then we cannot help but touch upon the topic of arranging the floor. This issue must be approached with no less responsibility. It is worth noting that no matter how well you make a drain for a bathhouse, this is a room with extremely high humidity. And it is the floor that takes the lion's share of this moisture.

You should know that the floor in a bathhouse can be made of either wood or concrete. This choice directly depends on what kind of building it is. If this is a permanent building where a shower room, steam room, dressing room and rest room will be used all year round, then it is better to make a reliable concrete floor with enhanced waterproofing. But if this is a wooden bathhouse, and you plan to use it only in the summer, then it makes sense to make the floor out of wood. This will help significantly save your money and reduce the amount of work required.

Note! A wooden floor in a bathhouse will last you much less than a concrete one. Even if it is completely protected from moisture and high temperature with a special composition, everything will have to be changed over time. You must be prepared for this.

How does a concrete floor work in a bathhouse?

If speak about concrete covering, then it is more reliable and durable. This floor consists of:

• compacted gravel;
• layer of concrete;
• vapor barrier layer;
• a layer of expanded polystyrene as insulation;
• waterproofing layer (polyethylene film);
• another layer of concrete;
• reinforced cement screed;
• facing layer ( ceramic tile etc.).

How does a wooden floor work in a bathhouse?

As for wooden floors, they can be of two types: solid (not leaking) and not continuous (leaking). A solid floor is laid on top of concrete screed. At the same time, it is made so that the surface has a slight slope towards the equipped drain. The boards fit close to each other, so there are no gaps. The disadvantage of such a bath covering is that the water stagnates on the floor, takes a long time to dry, and the boards quickly begin to rot. It is much better to use a non-solid floor.

What is its advantage? It is easier to use and will last you longer. The thing is that the boards are not fixed closely, but at a short distance from each other. This gap is 5 mm. It is enough to ensure that water does not stagnate on the surface and flows more easily to the drain. In addition, these slots serve as a fan, drying the floor.

In order for everything to function correctly, you need to organize a sealed pit under the room. Water will flow out of it through a pipe into the prepared drainage hole. In this pit it will be necessary to make a water seal so that unpleasant odors do not get inside the bathhouse. Having dealt with the floors, you can figure out how to drain the bathhouse sink and other rooms.

How to properly drain a bathhouse

To properly arrange water drainage, you need to pay attention Special attention to these indicators:

1. Drain system power. It must be chosen taking into account how many people will visit the steam room and how often. In addition, this indicator also affects the volume of the well or pit.
2. The level of groundwater in the place where the bathhouse is built.
3. Soil composition and quality.

Taking these indicators into account, you need to decide how to arrange a drain for a bathhouse, what design to use, and what its features are. This way you can immediately find out the capacity, depth, material and fastenings. First, you need to make a water collection system inside the bathhouse under a non-solid floor. Let's find out how to do this.

Do-it-yourself sauna drain step-by-step guide

All work is carried out at the foundation construction stage. It can be ribbon-type or columnar. The process is as follows:

Typically, the boards may not be nailed to the floor joists. For ease of use they are made removable. They need to be fastened together with timber and laid on top. Everything is assembled into panels so that the connecting beam is located between the floor beams. It is better to use a floor made in this way, since it can be removed and dried in the air. We invite you to look at the information on how to drain a bathhouse:

Creating a drain tank

Now that you have created a liquid collection system, you need to figure out where to discharge the drain through the pipes. The first option is a drain tank, which will have a filter bottom. Its purpose is to clean the drain from pollution and retain microorganisms. After which the water goes through the bottom into the ground, purifying itself again. The filter can be used in different materials. This includes sand, pieces of bricks and even crushed stone. If the bathhouse will be used by a family of 3-4 people, then the best size of the well is 2 m deep with a diameter of 1-1.5 m. The shape of the well can be round or square. Still, it is better to choose a cylindrical option, since the pressure on the walls will be uniform. Then it will not need to be repaired often.

It is important to note that the well should be located from 3 to 5 meters from the bathhouse. If you bring it closer, there is a risk of unpleasant odors and destruction of the foundation. And when the well is placed very far away, more pipes will be needed. The figure shows how this scheme can be implemented.

Most often, the walls of the well are further strengthened. The most expensive option is concrete rings. But there is something simpler, for example, car tires. As a compromise option - brickwork. In addition, you can use metal or plastic barrel, in which there is no bottom. It is important to cover the well with a concrete or metal lid and cover it with soil.

Draining water into the sewer

If your site has a central sewer system, then everything is much simpler. All you need is to properly arrange the floor in the bathhouse, insulate it and organize a drain to the central sewer pipe. Pipes laid horizontally at an angle to the pipe will be installed as a drain. They will receive water, which will be able to get inside through the siphon and the drain body.

PVC pipes are laid in the floor at an angle to the riser. It is recommended to pour sand into the trench in advance and compact it. And install the pipes on the prepared cushion. The difference should be 2 cm per 1 m. The pipes are led to the riser or outside the bathhouse. You will learn more about how to drain a bathhouse from the video:

Draining water into a cesspool

Another option for draining water from the bathhouse is to drain it into a cesspool. This option has some disadvantages, but it is the simplest. Consider step by step progress We will not do any work, since the principle is already clear. The simple fact is that the water from the bathhouse will exit through a pipe system, directly into the cesspool. All that will be required of you is to pump out the contents as it fills.

Note! You can do this yourself or call a special service.

Let's sum it up

Draining a bathhouse is a very important step. construction work. It is important to give this process enough attention and time. After all, if you do something wrong, then all your efforts may be in vain. To avoid this, it is important to prepare in advance to properly arrange the drain in the bathhouse. You need to think in advance which water drainage option to choose. After all, if your area does not have a sewerage system, you will have to drain it into a cesspool or well. In addition, pay attention to the quality of consumables: pipes, siphon and drain hole. Then your drain will last a long time and reliably.