Without exception, all gardeners have had to deal with such a problem as crooked cucumbers. What to feed so that the greens do not grow bent in the future? First of all, potash fertilizers. However, a lack of nutrients may not necessarily be the cause of crooked cucumbers.
About such a common problem as twisted cucumbers, we propose to talk today.
Why do cucumbers grow crooked? Main reasons
Lack of elements, mainly potassium
Potassium is a macronutrient responsible for the formation of fruits, be it cucumber, raspberries or carrots. Complex fertilizers, which you add (if you add) when planting, such a powerful plant consumes even before the formation of fruits, and at the time of filling the greens it requires new, shock doses of potassium. The cucumber has nowhere to get them except from feeding.
These are the greens that grow when there is a lack of potassium With potassium starvation, cucumbers most often have a narrow “butt” and a wide lower part where the flower was. But this is not a mandatory indicator - it may simply be severe twisting or other deformation. Also, a yellow border along the edge of the leaves will indicate a lack of this element. It is curious that in tomatoes, a lack of potassium manifests itself in a pigmentation disorder: it ripens slowly near the “butt”, sometimes in spots, unevenly. If there are such tomatoes on your site, at the same time feed them with potassium fertilizers.
A lack of potassium appears on cucumber leaves with a yellow border. Cucumbers lack potassium: what to feed them with?
- root feeding– ash. Yes, ordinary ash, and preferably grass ash, obtained after burning herbs and weeds. Wood ash contains more calcium, which also won’t hurt, but in this case will be slightly past. Moderately lazy gardeners can simply add ash to the root zone of the plant, but it will be more helpful to prepare the so-called. mother liquor. Add a bucket of water to one to one and a half liter jars of ash, leave for several days and get a concentrate. One liter of such ash concentrate is again diluted with a bucket of water and you get an excellent potash supplement. Potassium sulfate is also sold in stores - half a liter of solution (3-4 tablespoons per bucket of water) for each bush will help correct the problem.
- foliar feeding. It will be faster to “level” cucumbers if, in addition to root fertilizing, you also apply foliar fertilizing. You can take the same ash solution or potassium sulfate, but at half the concentration. In cold, gloomy weather, preference should be given to foliar feeding.
However, if you figure out that squiggle cucumbers grow precisely because of a lack of potassium, it is not a fact that there is little potassium in the soil. At low temperatures, as well as temperatures above 30-35°C, potassium is simply not absorbed by plants. Therefore, in hot weather, greenhouses are regularly ventilated, roofs are whitened, and in cold season years, on the contrary, they install barrels of water, which collect heat during the day and release it at night. For open ground cucumbers in cold weather, you can build a mini-greenhouse.
Crop rotation plays a significant role here. Naturally, you should not plant cucumbers after pumpkin ones. But even after strawberries, eggplants, tomatoes and other crops that require increased doses of potassium, the cucumber will be uncomfortable. Therefore, fertilize the plants not only when the cucumbers are curled up, but regularly. Fertilizers for cucumbers are given every one and a half to two weeks during watering or after rain, alternately using organic matter and mineral fertilizers. And since cucumber seedlings are planted quite late, you can easily have time to enrich the soil with green manures - for example, oats, the most “potassium” of green fertilizers.
But if the plant itself is pale, and the fruits have a wide “butt” and narrow end where the flower was, cucumbers do not have enough nitrogen. In this case, it is best to fertilize with chicken droppings or herbal infusion - this is where the real cocktail of organics and microelements is.
Cucumbers that lack nitrogen Other reasons why cucumbers grow unevenly:
- Not proper watering . Due to infrequent watering of cucumbers, when the soil remains dry for a long period, the cucumbers turn out to be arched.
Cucumber that hasn't received enough moisture What if you water the cucumbers? cold water, or when there is another shift warm day a rather cold night comes, the cucumbers get a kind of screed in the middle, the greens take the shape of a crooked barrel. Don’t forget to mulch the soil - this will retain moisture and smooth out temperature differences.
- Unsuitable variety . It happens that cucumbers do not have the opportunity to develop normally due to the fact that the length of daylight hours is not suitable for them. You need to follow the manufacturer's recommendations on the packaging
- Remove ripe cucumbers regularly . The presence of overgrowths on the vine, especially yolks, gives the command “stop” to the development of further fruits, the supply of nutrients is disrupted, and you are guaranteed crocheted cucumbers. If you can’t visit your dacha regularly, pick the crop at the gherkin stage, from 4 cm.
As you are convinced, main reason, because of which cucumbers grow crookedly, is a imbalance in mineral nutrition, a lack of certain elements. Therefore, you need to feed cucumbers from the very beginning of their growing season, using both mineral and organic fertilizers. And proper watering and smoothing out night temperatures will reduce the possibility of twisted cucumbers to zero.
Instead of smooth and harmonious pimply cucumbers, we sometimes see specimens worthy of the brush of Picasso himself. But it has long been noticed that the deformation of fruits is associated with violations in agricultural technology.
Micronutrient deficiency
The most common reason for the appearance of gnarled and twisted cucumbers is an unbalanced composition of nutrients in the soil.
Most often, cucumbers grow hooked due to a lack of microelements
Potassium fasting
Even if at the beginning of the season the potassium content in the soil was sufficient, then closer to autumn its reserves are always depleted. The skin of the fruits acquires a yellowish tint, and they themselves resemble a pear (thick at the stalk and narrow at the flower).
With potassium deficiency, cucumbers become pear-shaped
With a lack of potassium, the appearance of leaves also changes: they lighten and bend down, sometimes becoming covered with necrotic spots.
With a lack of potassium, the foliage of cucumbers becomes lighter, and an almost white edge appears along the edges of the leaf blades.
The following supplements will help correct the situation:
- potassium salt solution (25–30 g of substance per 1 bucket of water), consumption ½ liter per bush;
Cucumber beds are watered with a solution of potassium salt
- potassium sulfate (distribute 40–60 g of granules evenly per 1 m2);
Potassium sulfate granules are scattered under cucumber bushes
- ash solution (½ liter of crushed ash per 10 liters of water), consumption 1 liter per plant.
Ash solution is an excellent fertilizer for feeding cucumbers
It is useful to carry out foliar feeding with the same preparations, but diluted in half the concentration.
For leaf spraying, fertilizer is diluted in half concentration.
Nitrogen starvation
If the ripening fruits are not only pale, small and twisted, but also very pointed towards the end, then this is a sign of a deficiency of nitrogen substances.
With nitrogen deficiency, cucumbers become curved and become pointed towards the end.
With nitrogen deficiency, foliage loses its brightness and becomes smaller.
With a lack of nitrogen, cucumber foliage becomes pale and smaller
- spray the bushes with urea solution (5 g of substance per 1 liter of water);
Cucumbers are sprayed over the leaves with a urea solution.
- after 4–5 days, scatter ammonium nitrate under the plants (30 g per 1 m2) or pour in a solution (30 g per bucket of water) at the rate of 3 liters per bush;
Ammonium nitrate is scattered under cucumber bushes
- mullein solution diluted in a ratio of 1:10;
Cucumber beds are watered with mullein solution to replenish the deficiency of nitrogen and other elements.
- herbal infusion (1:4);
Even weeds can be used to prepare herbal infusion
- chicken droppings (1:20).
Chicken manure must be diluted in a ratio of 1:20
It is important not to overdo it with nitrogen application, otherwise the tops will grow and the flower ovary will crumble.
With an increased nitrogen content, cucumber tops grow too actively, and the ovary crumbles
Video: fertilize cucumbers so they don’t grow hooked
Irrigation irregularities
In terms of watering, cucumbers are particularly capricious; they respond to all violations with lopsidedness and curvature of the fruit. The skin becomes bitter and hard, the pulp will also be bitter, even when removed.
At improper watering cucumbers become twisted and bitter
Plants must be watered only with warm water, preferably not lower than +20…+25 °C. They also do not like long breaks, which cause the soil to completely dry out. Cucumber beds should be moistened once every 2-3 days, daily in hot weather.
Water cucumbers only with warm water
This year, on the advice of a friend, I tried for the first time to mulch cucumbers with mowed lawn grass. You can water half as often, while the rotting greens perfectly fertilize the cucumber beds. Previously, it was often not possible to get to the greenhouse in time and water it; as a result, the cucumbers turned out crooked and completely tasteless.
Video: watering cucumbers in a greenhouse correctly
Sudden temperature changes
Cucumbers react extremely negatively to significant temperature fluctuations. If the fruit becomes a little thinner in the middle (narrow waist), this is due to too cold nights.
The cucumber becomes thin in the middle if the nights are too cold
- use of any non-woven covering agricultural material (spunbond, film, etc.);
To preserve heat, cucumber beds are covered with agricultural material
- placement of heat-accumulating water containers in the greenhouse;
Water containers placed in a greenhouse accumulate heat during the day and release heat at night
- mulching;
Mulching retains moisture in cucumber beds and retains heat
- earlier closing of the greenhouse in the evening and later opening in the morning;
Opening the greenhouse later in the mornings and closing it earlier in the evenings helps conserve heat.
- use of heaters.
Using various heaters, the air in the greenhouse is heated
Late harvest of vegetables
You should not delay in collecting fruits that have reached food maturity. In the presence of overripe vegetables that hang on the vines for a long time, the plant experiences difficulties in redistributing nutrients. It deprives young, established cucumbers of nutrition, as a result they take on the most bizarre shapes.
Overgrown cucumbers should not be allowed to form, as they take away nutrients at the growing ovary
You need to collect vegetables at least once every 2-3 days, and preferably every other day.
Cucumbers need to be harvested after 2–3 days
I prefer to collect young cucumbers in the gherkin stage (up to 4 cm) than to later get overgrown yellow giants and small crooked monsters.
Bad neighborhood
Planting varieties that do not require pollination (parthenocarpic) and those pollinated by insects in close proximity to each other leads to crossing of species and partial cross-pollination. The consequence of this process is the appearance of hooked fruits.
Cucumbers become hooked. if ordinary bee-pollinated and parthenocarpic varieties are planted nearby
Failure to comply with crop rotation rules
With constant cultivation of cucumbers in one place, there is an accumulation of specific colins in the soil, the excess amount of which affects the size and shape of the vegetables.
It is necessary to observe crop rotation and correctly select predecessors for cucumbers
Planting green manure (this can be oats, mustard, phacelia, etc.) will help restore the balance of the soil.
By the appearance of cucumbers you can understand the reason for the curvature
Video: why cucumbers grow crooked and how to fix it
Compliance with all rules of agricultural technology, competent care and careful observation of cucumber plantings with the possibility rapid response on emerging problems will help avoid the appearance of unsightly twisted fruits.
How much joy a gardener gets when he picks the first cucumber from his own garden bed. It’s good when the fruits are even and the same size. But this doesn't always happen. When crocheting cucumbers, what is missing for a normal shape is sometimes unclear. Of course, you can cut them into a salad or eat them whole, but you still want to use ideal fruits for canning. Therefore, it is better to figure out what contributes to the appearance of deformed cucumbers and prevent it.
Growing conditions and care for cucumbers
Every crop has its own agricultural technology that must be followed to obtain a high-quality harvest. There are no small details when growing vegetables. The composition of the soil is also important, correct landing, and watering and fertilizing. Growing conditions are also taken into account.
In the greenhouse
Created in a greenhouse ideal conditions for growing cucumbers - high humidity, sufficient heat. Best for closed ground Self-pollinating or parthenocarpic varieties are suitable. To get the harvest earlier, seedlings are grown at home and transferred to a greenhouse when the soil temperature inside the building reaches 15°C, with air temperature playing a secondary role.
To obtain an objective result, the thermometer is buried 15-20 cm into the soil and waited for half an hour. Different climates will have their own planting times, but you need to focus primarily on specific temperature indicators.
On a note! You can speed up the landing by spilling the soil hot water, or making a warm bed and pre-covering it with film.
Plants are planted at a distance of 40-60 cm from each other, having first spilled the hole with a solution of potassium permanganate and added fertilizer to it.
Watering vegetables should be regular, without this you will not be able to get good harvest. In hot weather, this must be done daily, since cucumbers have shallow roots and cannot take water from the middle and deep layers of the soil. It is best to water the vegetable using the sprinkling method, then evaporation will be greater and the required humidity will be maintained in the greenhouse. When fruits form, water consumption increases to 20-30 liters per 1 square meter. m.
So that the plants can “feed” their fruits, fertilizing is applied 1-2 times a month. For the first time in a greenhouse, bushes are fertilized 2 weeks after planting, when they finally take root. The first feeding may contain an infusion of ash, mullein or chicken droppings. They also provide green fertilizers. Potassium is added during the flowering period.
Important! Cucumbers love warmth, but extreme heat is contraindicated for them. If the temperature in the greenhouse rises to 30°C or higher, it is necessary to organize ventilation and spray the bushes so that they do not wither.
In the open ground
A garden bed for cucumbers is being prepared in the open sunny place. The soil should be slightly acidic, loose, nutritious, and retain moisture well. You can dig up the soil in half with humus and add additional wood ash. In regions with cold climates, it can be built for cucumbers warm beds with rotted organic matter in a body made of boards.
On a note! Before planting in open ground, seedlings must be hardened off. In this case, adaptation will happen faster.
The signal for planting will be the appearance of 4 true leaves on the seedlings and the establishment of warm weather. Planting seedlings in the ground can be done at a temperature of 12-14°C. If necessary, humus and mineral fertilizers are added to the soil. After planting, water the bed warm water, mulch with loose compost and cover with black non-woven material.
Seeds can be sown directly into the ground at the end of May or beginning of June, dry. Before planting, the hole is generously filled with warm water. Seeds are planted to a depth of 1.5-2 cm with an interval of 20 cm in one row and row spacing 60 cm wide. Until 4-5 leaves appear on the plants, the soil must be loosened regularly so that a crust does not form.
Outside the greenhouse
If the summer is cool, cover the cucumbers with film at night. To protect from wind or scorching sun during the day, you can cover the bed with non-woven material, throwing it over metal arches. Productivity is lost due to lack of heat and moisture.
Water the cucumbers once every two days with warm, settled water no later than 4 o’clock in the afternoon, so that excess moisture can evaporate before nightfall. Since water washes fertilizers from the soil, from time to time compost or rotted manure is placed under the root of each plant. Application mineral fertilizers carried out as necessary with a frequency of once every 7-10 days. They can be alternated with foliar feeding.
Causes of curvature of fruits
There may be several reasons why cucumbers grow crooked. A curved fruit always indicates a violation of agricultural technology:
- Micronutrient deficiency.
- Incorrect watering.
- Temperature difference.
- Under-pollination.
- Late harvest.
To avoid such problems, you need to feed the crop in a timely manner and create it the right conditions for growth.
What to do to make cucumbers grow evenly
You need to start from the reason that gave rise to the problem. If the fruits of cucumbers irregular shape, necessary:
- If there is a lack of potassium, the shape will become distorted, the cucumber will look like a pear, and the peel will turn yellow. To correct the situation, you can feed the plants leaf by leaf with a solution of potassium salt (1 tbsp per 10 liters of water).
- When cucumbers do not have enough nitrogen, the distortion of the shape manifests itself in the fact that the fruits become thin on the flower side, and, on the contrary, thicken at the stalk. As an emergency aid, the bushes are sprayed with a urea solution (5 g per liter of water), and after 5-6 days ammonium nitrate is added to the root.
- If cucumbers grow with a hook, what is missing in this case? A complex lack of microelements can severely distort fruits. As a result, cucumbers can take on the most bizarre shapes. Treatment with nitroammophoska twice (1 tablespoon per liter of water) at weekly intervals can help.
- Greens can become distorted due to watering with cold water. And if you water them too rarely, the cucumbers curl and become hard. From the moment the ovaries appear, they are watered once every 2-3 days, from mid-August - every 1-2 weeks.
- Cucumbers “with a waist” grow in open ground due to temperature changes. You can get rid of such curvature by covering the cucumber bed with film at night.
- If crooked cucumbers grow in a greenhouse, what do the plants lack when there is plenty of heat and humidity? Under-pollination often causes hooked cucumbers to appear. Such fruits will also have an uneven color. To prevent this, plants are pollinated artificially.
- Another mistake is when bee-pollinated and parthenocarpic varieties that do not require pollination are planted nearby. As a result, the varieties are cross-pollinated, crossed, and as a result, the summer resident wonders why cucumbers grow crooked.
- If you do not pick ripe cucumbers on time, it becomes difficult for the plant to distribute nutrition, so young cucumbers grow unevenly.
Do you like crispy and fresh cucumbers? Then learn how to grow them correctly. It is only at first glance that everything seems simple. In fact, you need to devote a lot of time to them before harvesting. The most frequently asked question from novice gardeners is: “Why do crocheted cucumbers grow?” We will tell you about this and more in this article.
Problems
There are several main reasons that influence the formation of oddly shaped cucumbers. Before you learn how to deal with this, you need to know why it happens. Here is a detailed list:
- Choose the right vegetable seeds. It is not recommended to grow in one bed different kinds cucumbers, for example parthenocarpic and bee-pollinated.
- If you want to plant both species, then do it on different beds and under individual shelter.
- Severe drought. If you are wondering why cucumbers grow crooked, then you are not watering your vegetables correctly. When the soil is not moistened, cucumbers lose their shape and hooks begin to form.
- To answer the question of why crochet cucumbers grow, remember how and what you feed them with.
- If for unknown reasons the shape of the cucumbers is not corrected, remove such fruits from the garden. They take away excess strength from the plant.
- Experts do not recommend planting cucumbers too often. Because of this, they can lose their shape and deteriorate in taste.
- Lack of heat reduces the quality of the crop. In this regard, do not rush to remove the shelter ahead of schedule.
We figured out why cucumbers grow with crochets. Now it’s worth paying attention to the prevention and treatment of plants.
Solution
To make your harvest happy, use the advice of experts. They, like no one else, know everything about cucumbers.
Tip 1. Water thoroughly. Before the ovaries form, moisten the soil in the morning. When the first cucumbers appear, water in the evening.
Tip 2. While the vegetable is growing leaves, it is necessary to fertilize it with phosphorus. During flowering and the appearance of the first cucumbers, feed with potassium and nitrogen. Important! All fertilizers must be applied strictly as required. To do this, monitor the appearance of the leaves and the fruits themselves.
Tip 3: Do not fertilize cucumbers in cold weather. There will be no sense from this, but there is plenty of harm.
Tip 4. For better growth cucumbers, you can plant cabbage between them.
Cucumbers can grow poorly not only in open ground. Under cover if not created necessary conditions, the plant develops poorly. Let's answer the following question: "Why do cucumbers grow with crochets in a greenhouse?"
Under the hood
If ugly-shaped cucumbers appear in a greenhouse, then the same reasons apply as in open ground. Special attention gardeners should pay attention to the soil. It must be fertilized with potassium. The problems don't end there. Let's look at the main ones:
- Do not plant self-pollinating varieties with others in the same greenhouse. If there is no space, then isolate them from each other with gauze.
- Water vegetables in the greenhouse only with water that has stood in the sun.
- If the nights are still cold, it is necessary to heat the greenhouse with cucumbers. To do this use plastic bottles filled with hot water, or stationary heaters.
If you follow the instructions, you will no longer have to study the question of why crochet cucumbers grow. The correct form may depend on the neighborhood. You can plant corn next to the cucumbers in the greenhouse. It not only has a beneficial effect on the plant, but will also serve as a support for it.
Bitterly
The hooked shape is not the only problem with cucumbers. On top of that, you will get an unpleasant bitter taste. All this directly depends on proper care. In particular, if you do not water thoroughly, the plant begins to dry out and deteriorate in taste. Remember! When it’s hot outside, each cucumber root consumes 4 liters of liquid per day. Accordingly, you must replenish soil reserves.
Now you know why crochet cucumbers grow. All you have to do is learn how to properly care for them.
Conclusion
A rich and high-quality harvest depends only on you. Using knowledge about why cucumbers grow crooked and what to do about this problem, you will get delicious fruits to your delight and to the envy of your neighbors.
Kira Stoletova
When growing a cucumber crop in a greenhouse or in open ground, some summer residents are surprised why the cucumbers have an irregular shape: sometimes the vegetables are bent into a hook, sometimes they grow in the form of an uneven pear, sometimes they turn out to be pot-bellied and hook-shaped. It turns out that in order to get even fruits, it is not enough to plant seedlings in a greenhouse. It is necessary to eliminate the reasons for the formation of cucumbers of irregular shape, including providing proper care, adequate nutrition, the required agricultural technology and harvesting in a timely manner.
Poor nutrition
Incorrectly selected mineral nutrition, when vegetables lack useful components, can also be the reason why cucumbers grow crooked and irregularly shaped.
Potassium deficiency
The lack of a microelement responsible for the formation of cucumber fruits is one of the most common causes of changes and distortion in the shape of cucumbers. Failure to add potassium at the flowering stage and before immediate fruit formation leads to potassium starvation of plants, as a result of which the fruit begins to form a narrow “butt” and a rather wide lower part of the fruit in comparison. The deformation of the pear-shaped cucumbers when there is not enough potassium is also accompanied by the appearance of a yellow border on the edges of the leaf blades.
To compensate for potassium deficiency, you can use ready-made fertilizers containing the required component. Potassium sulfate is diluted at the rate of 3-4 large spoons per 10 liters of water and watered cucumber bushes at a consumption rate of 0.5 liters for each seedling.
Correct the situation so that the vegetables change their appearance and have become classically straight, it is possible to use additional foliar feeding, which is carried out with preparations containing potassium with a concentration 2 times less than when watering.
Nitrogen deficiency
When the foliage on a cucumber bush changes color and begins to turn pale, and the fruits are twisted or form with a wide base and a narrow end, these are signs that vegetable crop lack of nitrogen.
Chicken droppings or herbal infusions can saturate the soil with nitrogen-containing components.
Chicken manure is used in the form of compost, prepared with peat, sawdust and straw for 1.5-2 months, or in liquid form, when it is diluted with water 50/50 and left for 2-3 days. Concentrated solutions are diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 and the working liquid is watered between the rows.
Among the suitable herbs for preparing solutions are nettle, the foliage and stems of which are crushed, filled with water and fermented for 7-14 days, diluted again with water in a ratio of 1:10 for watering or 1:20 for spraying during foliar feeding and applied at intervals of 2 weeks. until the condition of the cucumber plantings improves.
Violation of agricultural technology
One of the main reasons why cucumbers are deformed by a hook and become pear-shaped is a violation of the rules of agricultural technology for cultivating cucumber crops.
Crop rotation
Planted after pumpkin crops, strawberries, eggplants and tomatoes, which take all the potassium from the soil, cucumbers grow irregularly shaped: they become pear-shaped or hooked.
In conditions of limited acreage, the fertility of the soil can be replenished by planting before late boarding green manure cucumbers. Oats are considered to be the most potassium-rich green fertilizer of all green manures.
Unsuitable varieties
Cucumbers become bent, become round, or curl if the variety is chosen incorrectly: it does not fit the description for a particular season. Thus, by the end of the summer, light-loving and heat-loving varieties will certainly begin to react to a decrease in ambient temperature and a decrease in daylight hours, which is why they will begin to change their shape.
Early varieties of cucumbers, lovers of light and warmth, it is necessary to plant a little earlier and harvest from them before the end of August.
In terms of the percentage of potential formation of ugly vegetables, the hybrids Twixie, Paratunk and Othello are least likely to appear. By the end of August, from Patty, Champion and Thumb, in 100% of cases you will be able to get twisted fruits with a thin stalk or an ugly shape.
Wrong neighborhood
Pollinated and parthenocarpic varieties of cucumbers should not be planted next to each other, especially in a closed greenhouse. Parthenocarpic varieties are intended for growing mainly indoors, since hybrids form an ovary without pollination. But when their flowers in the vicinity of the inflorescences of classical varieties attract pollinating insects, in most cases this leads to deformation of the fruits and the growth of cucumbers of irregular shape.
Neighboring varieties, while saving sown area, are isolated from each other with non-woven covering material. Also, when growing hybrid varieties, you should not often open the windows in the greenhouse, so as not to attract insects and eliminate the risk of cross-pollination of parthenocarpic varieties with other varieties.
Violation of the rules of care
Improper care of cucumber plantings can cause deformation of cucumbers.
Thermal mode
Too much low temperature or indicators above 30-35°C lead to a decrease in the absorption of potassium by the cucumber crop, resulting in a change in the shape of the cucumbers.
During hot times of the day, regular ventilation of a closed greenhouse is required. Some summer residents whiten the roof of their greenhouses during the summer season so that not a lot of sunlight passes through it. Installed in daytime barrels of water, which absorb heat during the day and release it during the cool night.
When growing cucumbers in open soil, mini-greenhouses are installed to protect them from the cold. To protect against excess heat, use covering materials and create shade.
Watering
Failure to comply with irrigation rules in a situation where the soil long time was dry, leads to the fact that the cucumbers grow crooked and turn out deformed.
