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Dormer windows: types and design features. Dimensions of roof windows: description, types and features What sizes are needed for Velux roof windows

In a private house, every meter usable area on account. The owners are thinking about how to rationally use free and utility rooms. A striking example of turning a useless empty attic into a cozy living space is the arrangement of the attic. In the second half of the 17th century, the famous French architect Francois Mansart, after whom the attic was named, drew attention to abandoned attic spaces and proposed using them as living rooms for the poor.

Since then, the concept of using these areas has developed so that today the attic is a cozy, bright, warm and comfortable place for relaxation and living, equipped with all necessary communications and beautifully decorated. If the necessary insulation, insulation and finishing work is carried out, the attic can become a full-fledged residential floor, which will have bedrooms for residents, bathrooms with toilets, and dressing rooms. IN multi-storey buildings The most expensive real estate is the luxuriously decorated attic space - penthouses.

This solution gives the house a lot of advantages:

  • increase in living and usable space;
  • excellent overview of the site and surrounding landscapes;
  • improving the design and appearance of the building;
  • reduction of heat loss and heating costs.

When designing, one of the important tasks is correct placement skylights to provide maximum daylight.

Peculiarities

When constructing an attic, it is necessary to strictly comply with current building codes and regulations. According to SNiPs, the glazing area must be at least 10% of the total footage of the illuminated room. It should also be taken into account that the sun turns during daylight hours and will only shine through the windows for a few hours. Every room must have at least one window.

Dormer windows They are mounted directly into the roof slope, so they differ significantly from the front ones both in technical characteristics and in design.

Attic frames have the following advantages:

  • An inclined window increases the penetration of daylight by 30-40% compared to a vertical double-glazed window, which saves energy and lighting costs.
  • A specially designed system allows you to ventilate rooms and provide sufficient ventilation and fresh air in any weather.
  • Along with light, coziness is added to the rooms, creating a comfortable and warm atmosphere of a lived-in home.
  • The frames have increased heat and sound insulation, in closed they are sealed.
  • Frames do not rot, do not fade, and do not require repainting.

  • Glass made from special triplex can withstand high mechanical loads; when broken, it does not spill out, but becomes covered with a network of cracks, remaining in the frame.
  • Triplex has the property of scattering light rays, which prevents fading of furniture and things and creates comfortable lighting for the eyes.
  • If you have construction skills and knowledge of technology, you can install windows yourself.

If you do not have such skills, it is better to entrust the installation to experienced specialists in order to avoid errors and problems during use.

When installing and operating such double-glazed windows, disadvantages and difficulties may arise, which have the following solution options:

  • In the warm season, in summer, the temperature rises above normal and it becomes very hot. This problem can be solved by installing a window on the northern slope of the roof or by hanging special reflective curtains or film or blinds. You can also increase the layer of thermal insulation and create a canopy or overhang to shade the window.
  • Violation of tightness, leakage, condensation, ice formation. Purchasing uncertified or counterfeit cheap double-glazed windows and installation errors can lead to such problems. Frozen water creates an increased load on the frame seals; over time, deformation occurs in the seals and it becomes possible for moisture to seep into the room. The solution is strict adherence to technology and proper window care. It is recommended to clean the seals and treat them with liquid silicone grease.
  • High cost, which is twice the price of conventional metal-plastic windows. A more complex device, materials and accessories of increased strength increase the price of the product. Only large well-known brands guarantee proper quality and reliability during use for their products.

Windows purchased with a guarantee will last a long time and will not cause trouble to the owners.

Types of structures

Dormer windows vary in material and design. There are blind closed double-glazed windows that can be made to order, or standard option with opening doors. The double-glazed window consists of a double layer of triplex with a gap of a special film that prevents fragments from flying around the room. Top layer The glass unit is made of tempered glass, which has a large margin of safety.

Double-glazed windows for regions with different weather and temperature conditions are produced with different technical characteristics. For cold northern regions, it is preferable to choose a multilayer double-glazed window, with an inert gas pumped into each chamber to retain heat. For hot and sunny countries, it is recommended to buy double-glazed windows with reflective films, mirror and tinted coatings.

The frames are wooden - they are made of laminated veneer lumber, impregnated with antiseptic compounds and varnished for outdoor use.

Wooden beams are coated with polyurethane for strength. Natural material fits perfectly into the interior of a country house and country house.

Frames with a plastic profile made of PVC are produced. This plastic is lightweight and has fire-resistant characteristics and is frost-resistant.

Aluminum metal profiles are widely used in public and office spaces.

to sleep attic structures Armored frames are also available - they are heavier and stronger than standard ones, and can withstand extreme mechanical and weather loads.

Opening mechanisms are available with manual or automated remote control. There are windows with an upper axis of rotation, with a central axis, and with a raised axis. There are also two rotation axes on the frame, controlled by one handle. Opening occurs in two positions - folding and rotating.

“Smart” windows are controlled using a remote control or a wall-mounted keyboard, to which blinds or roller shutters, roller shutters, and curtains are also connected. It is possible to program it to close when it starts to rain, then the window closes to the “ventilation” position. Automation for windows can be integrated into the “smart home” system and climate control system. When the temperature in the room rises critically, the doors will open electrically, and at the first drops of rain, a special sensor will give the command to close. The program controls processes during the absence of residents of the house, maintaining set humidity and temperature values.

Facade or cornice double-glazed windows are placed at the junction of the facade and roof, combining the characteristics of ordinary windows and attic windows. They look very original and increase the flow of light entering the room.

You can buy a structure in the shape of a dormer window, only with transparent walls for more lighting.

When opened, the transforming window turns into a small one comfortable balcony, when closed it has a standard appearance.

Skylights are designed for installation on flat roofs and are designed with a special sloping frame to prevent the sun from shining directly into them.

Light tunnels are installed if available attic space above the attic. The window itself is mounted in the roof, attached corrugated pipe, which transmits rays to the lampshade, which scatters the flow of light.

Sizes and shapes

The shape of a standard inclined window is rectangular, but it can also be square. The structure consists of a frame and sash, seal, fittings, and flashing. Standard frames are mounted on inclined flat roof slopes.

Arc or arched frames have a curved shape. They are designed for slopes of the appropriate shape, vaulted roofs.

Round windows are produced that look original and romantic in the interior.

Combined frames consist of two parts. The lower part is usually rectangular in shape. The top window is called an extension and can be either rectangular, triangular, or semicircular.

The sizes of windows and their dimensions depend on various individual parameters, angles and dimensions of the room and roof:

  • the width of the frame is determined by the distance between the roof rafters;
  • the height is calculated by placing the lower and upper levels of the window so that it is convenient to open and look into it;
  • The angle of inclination of the roof is also taken into account.

The factories produce a wide range of products of standard dimensions.

If no option suits the client or he wants something exclusive, then there is the possibility of ordering. A surveyor from the office will come and take measurements for free, calculate the parameters, and draw up drawings. Large and curly shapes are made to order and various sizes frames.

In addition to the drawing, the attic arrangement project requires a diagram of the location of windows and a working estimate.

Necessary tools and components

In addition to the frames and double-glazed windows themselves, manufacturing companies produce various additional accessories and components for installation, protection during operation, opening control, and maintenance. These accessories can be internal or external; they change characteristics, add functionality, decorate and complete the composition. Installation is possible after window installation or during it.

External components:

  • The flashing is mounted on top of the frame and protects the joint between the window and the roof from rainwater and other precipitation. For different types For roofing, salaries of different prices are selected, so salaries are not included in the cost of windows. To ensure maximum waterproofing of the window, the flashing is recessed into the roof covering by 6 cm. They are made in various shapes, including for cornices and ridges. Corresponding flashings are produced for different types of roofing. The higher the wave of the roofing covering, the higher the salary is purchased.
  • Awnings shade the window opening and reduce light transmission, create coolness on hot summer days, protect from ultraviolet radiation, absorbing up to 65% of the light. Other advantages of awnings are the reduction of noise levels and the effect of rain. At the same time, the view when looking at the street through the awning mesh is not distorted.
  • Roller shutters completely cover the opening and are an effective barrier to intruders, and also significantly reduce the level of noise coming from the street. Models of roller shutters are sold that are manually controlled by a rod or using a remote control powered by solar panels.
  • Drives for automatic opening and closing operate on mains power or solar panels. They allow you to automate the process of controlling the movement of the valves.
  • A mortise lock is an additional means of home security.

Internal accessories:

  • The mosquito net is made of fiberglass and aluminum frame and is installed along special guides that prevent the product from falling off during strong gusts of wind. The mesh completely transmits sunlight, but retains dust, insects, fluff and debris.
  • Blinds are available in a wide range of colors and allow you to change the angle and degree of lighting or can completely darken the room. Equipped with remote control systems.
  • Roller blinds shade the room and are a decorative element of the interior of the rooms, hiding the room from prying eyes. Pleated curtains look very attractive, giving the interior an airy and modern look. A coating applied on top of roller blinds reduces the temperature in the room in the summer heat. Telescopic retractable rods are used to control and move curtains.

Curtains can be installed and fixed in any position thanks to special guides. The curtains are easy to care for and can be easily washed with detergents.

Additional accessories and fittings:

  • The lower handles are installed for the convenience of manually opening high-positioned frames, while the upper handles are blocked. The handle is usually equipped with a lock.
  • The telescopic rod and stick are manual means for operating shutters, blinds, mosquito nets and curtains. Intermediate elements for rods are sold, the prefabricated structure reaches a length of 2.8 m.
  • Vapor and waterproofing kits are produced ready for installation, making installation quicker and easier.
  • Ready-made PVC slopes are easily installed on the inside of the room and do not require painting.
  • The factory package often includes corners for installation and fastening materials - galvanized nails. Also on the list is a vapor barrier apron, special sealant and adhesive tape.
  • A drainage gutter, which must be installed above the window opening, serves to drain rainwater and condensate.

Films for gluing to glass with a mirror or tinting effect reduce the temperature in the attic in the summer and shade the room.

For installation work you will need the following tools:

  • linear or circular saw or hacksaw;
  • construction stapler;
  • tape measure and level;
  • screwdriver and fastening material;
  • electric shears, nibblers, perforated for cutting metal;
  • corrugated pliers;
  • drill.

How to install it yourself?

It is recommended to install roof windows during the construction stage of the rafter system. This is a complex and time-consuming process that is best entrusted to professionals, but if necessary, installation can be carried out on your own, having necessary tool, skills and experience in the field of construction, knowledge of technology. The designs of different manufacturing companies are installed differently and have separate installation technology features.

Location is a very important aspect that affects the overall composition of the building, technical specifications, proper functioning and service life of not only windows, but also the entire roof. It is necessary to take a house project from detailed dimensions, it will be possible to make accurate calculations from them.

There are certain rules for choosing the optimal and safe place.

  • at the junction of horizontal surfaces;
  • close to chimneys and ventilation outlets;
  • on the slopes of the so-called valley, forming internal angles.

In these areas, the maximum accumulation of precipitation and condensation occurs, which greatly complicates operating conditions and increases the risk of fogging and leakage.

The height of window openings from the floor level is determined by the height of the handle. If it is located at the top of the sash, then optimal height windows – 110 cm from the floor. At this height, it is convenient to open the sash manually. If the handle is located at the bottom of the glass, the height cannot be less than 130 cm, especially if children are in the attic, and the maximum height is 170 cm. The middle position of the handle assumes that the window is installed at a height of 120-140 cm. The presence of heating systems should also be taken into account points - radiators under the windows. They are placed there to prevent condensation from forming. The steepness of the slopes also affects the location of the structure - the smaller the angle of inclination, the higher the window is placed.

Type and properties roofing material also determine the location. Soft either roll material can be cut in the right place, but the tiles must be solid. In this case, the opening is located above a row of tiles.

The window seating depth has three standard values ​​provided by the manufacturer. On the outside of the window structure, special grooves are cut, marked with the letters N, V ​​and J, indicating different planting depths. Flashings for each depth are manufactured separately and provided with appropriate markings, where the depth is indicated by the last letter, for example, EZV06.

The frames are installed in the spaces between the rafters at a distance of 7-10 cm from them in order to lay the thermal insulation material. The rafter system ensures the strength of the roof, so it is undesirable to violate its integrity.

If the frame does not fit into the pitch of the rafters, it is better to install two smaller windows instead of one large one. When removing part of the rafter is still necessary, it is imperative to install a special horizontal beam for strength.

To calculate the dimensions of the opening, you need to add to the window dimensions a gap of 2-3.5 cm for laying insulation on four sides. Mineral wool is often used as a thermal insulation material. An installation gap is left between the opening and the roof cutout, the width of which is determined by the type of roofing material. For tiles, for example, it should be 9 cm. To avoid skewing the window when the house shrinks, the gap between the top beam and the roof is 4-10 cm.

Installation is preferable on rafters, but it is also possible on a special sheathing. The sheathing bars are installed between the rafters strictly horizontally in level. A drainage gutter is attached outside above the planned opening. It is mounted at an angle so that condensation flows freely onto the roof, bypassing the window. You can make such a gutter with your own hands by folding a piece of waterproofing fabric in half.

When all the dimensions have been calculated, you can draw and cut out the layout of the opening from plasterboard. On the finished waterproofing of the inside of the roof or on the trim, it is also necessary to draw an outline of the opening, drill several holes to relieve stress and prevent deformation. Then saw through with a band saw or circular saw cross two strips and cut off the resulting triangles, adjust the edges strictly according to the outline. The waterproofing is cut through with the same envelope and wrapped outward, attaching it to the sheathing.

If metal tiles, slate, corrugated sheets or sheet iron are used as the roofing material, then an opening is cut from the outside using a similar technology. If the roof is covered with tiles, you should first disassemble the covering and then cut it out. Lay the heat insulator and shoot it with a stapler to the mounting bars. After all the work has been completed, the dismantled roofing elements are returned to their place.

Before installing the frame in the prepared opening, you need to remove the glass unit and remove the flashing. Mounting brackets are included and are available from different manufacturers. different types. They are also attached in different ways: some on the rafters, others on the rafters and on the sheathing. Mounting angles are also included in the standard kit; they are equipped with a measuring ruler for correctly adjusting the position of the frame in the opening. Screws and galvanized nails are used as fastening materials.

The frame without a glass unit must be installed in place in the window opening and adjust the position of the lower edge of the box, screw the lower brackets until they stop. It is better to leave the upper fasteners with some play and not tighten them all the way to facilitate subsequent adjustments. Experts advise inserting the sash into the frame to check for a tight fit and correct gaps. At this stage, all levels, angles and distances are checked, inaccuracies are corrected, and the frame is adjusted into place using plastic corners. In the future, correction of distortions will be impossible. After adjustment, the sash is carefully dismantled again so as not to damage the hinges.

After adjustment and adjustment, the brackets are screwed tightly and a waterproofing apron is laid around the box, the top of the apron is placed under the drainage gutter, one edge of the apron is stapled to the frame, and the other is placed under the sheathing. Thermal insulation is attached along the side parts of the frame.

The installation of the flashing must be carried out strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions. It varies among different brands, and their equipment also varies. In any case, the lower part of the flashing is installed first, then the side elements, and then the upper part, and only at the end the overlays are installed.

On the inside, the finishing of the window and the installation of ready-made factory slopes are carried out. Their correct position is such that the lower slope should look horizontally, and the upper slope should look strictly vertical, otherwise the convection of warm air around the window structure will be disrupted and unwanted condensation will appear. The slopes are secured mainly by snapping them onto special locks.

Plastic

Dormer window structures from plastic pvc profiles are offered by all major well-known manufacturing companies. Due to the properties of plastic, this line of products is used in rooms with high humidity levels and in regions with a humid climate. A good solution is to install a transformable PVC window. When the lower door is opened, a small balcony is formed. Plastic frames also glazed complex designs, for example, balconies and loggias in pediments; if desired or if there are beautiful views, the entire section of the pediment from floor to ceiling can be made glass.

These frames have several locking positions; their opening mechanism is along the central axis. Double-glazed windows with tempered glass can withstand significant mechanical loads and even the weight of a person. For comfortable ventilation, ventilation valves with special removable filters are provided; they are designed to clean the air in the room when the windows are closed.

The service life of plastic frames with regular inspection and preventive maintenance is at least 30 years. There is no need to constantly tint them.

Wooden

The most popular material for attic frames– wood. Since wood absorbs moisture, swells, and dries out under the influence of the sun, such material should not be used without special protective measures. Basically, they use northern pine, the reliability and strength of which has been tested for centuries, solid or laminated timber. It is impregnated with antiseptics and covered with a double layer of varnish. In this case, the tree will not rot, will not become deformed, and will become durable. Some manufacturers coat pine timber with monolithic polyurethane. This coating increases the service life of the box and gives it additional strength.

The main advantage of wood is environmental friendliness and safety for human health. Thanks to the beautiful natural texture, enhanced by varnish, it looks natural and harmonious in the interior, emphasizing the atmosphere of a country house. These windows are the most affordable and have the widest range of models and varieties, fastenings and opening mechanisms. These frames can be either vertical and installed in a dormer window in the roof, or inclined for installation on roof slopes at an angle. They are perfect for offices, bedrooms, living rooms and children's rooms.

Metal

Aluminum roof frames are mainly used in offices, hospitals, administrative buildings for various purposes. Have a tough robust construction, relatively light weight, can withstand strong and sudden temperature changes - from -80 to + 100 degrees.

The metal profile is of cold and warm type.

You can choose the most suitable shade from the rich palette of colors in which they are painted. metal profiles. During operation, they do not require any preventive maintenance, except for glass washing.

Installation of attic window designs- a labor-intensive and responsible task. Experienced specialists share many years of experience and give valuable advice according to them correct installation to avoid errors and errors during installation, as well as to provide preventive care for them so that they serve reliably for as long as possible.

  • Failure by the buyer to comply with the manufacturer's instructions when self-installation may result in loss of warranty rights.
  • When accepting a window delivered from a factory or store, you should carefully inspect it for integrity and compliance with configuration, size, identification of visual defects and damage to packaging. In case of non-compliance with the requirements, the acceptance certificate should not be signed.
  • It is not recommended to use foam for installation. In this case, only special insulating sealants are needed. Polyurethane foam will not provide waterproofing, and when it hardens and expands, it will create additional load on the frame and can move structural elements and jam the sash.

Before installing the frame, be sure to remove the sash from the frame so as not to damage the hinges. After the box is in its place in the opening, its position is adjusted, and the sash is put back.

  • After installing the box, you should insulate it by carefully tucking mineral wool around the window and be sure to lay it under the slopes.
  • The adjustment is made at the stage of attaching the box, and only then the fastenings are tightened until they stop. At subsequent stages of installation, correction of the position of the box is impossible.
  • When purchasing, you must check the packaging, the compatibility of all components and structural parts, check the dimensions with the project or drawing, and draw up an agreement in which you indicate all the nuances of the order.
  • Products must be certified and have all accompanying and warranty documents, as well as detailed instructions for installation and proper operation.
  • Fastening the box to the rafters is much stronger, but when mounted on the sheathing it is easier to align the frame.

Well-known manufacturers and reviews

The most famous and large companies that are leaders in the construction market of roof windows and their components offer customers high-quality certified products, as well as additional accessories and means of preventive treatment of windows during their entire service life.

Danish company Velux has been working in the Russian Federation since 1991. Unique developments and inventions have made this manufacturer one of the leaders of brands represented in Russia. In addition to the main products, the company offers customers a full range of components and accessories that are fully compatible with windows. Innovative material used by the company for production wooden frames– northern pine, proven over centuries of use in Europe, impregnated with antiseptic compounds and coated with monolithic polyurethane or a double layer of varnish.

Among the numerous patented inventions, one can note the unique ventilation system, equipped with thin filters and a special window-valve built into the opening handle for comfortable ventilation.

A steel dividing strip is installed on the “warm perimeter” glazing, which uses energy-saving double-glazed windows filled with argon. Thanks to it, condensation does not form along the perimeter of the window.

No drafts or cracks, a three-level sealing system, silicone instead of sealant, only innovative and proven materials - all this is provided by the company's products. According to the results of examinations, Velux windows can withstand frosts down to –55 degrees and are recommended for installation in northern regions.

The main line of Velux models is produced in large and medium sizes.

German windows Roto first appeared in 1935. The products of this company are made from high-quality plastic multi-chamber PVC profile. The windows of this company are small and medium in size. Standard sizes are 54x78 and 54x98. All the best properties of the material of Roto products are ideal for the climatic conditions of our country, sudden weather changes, and a large amount of precipitation.

It is possible to install piston electric drives on Roto sashes, which prevent the window from slamming shut; you can control the sashes using a remote control or a smart home system. Installation is allowed not only to the rafters, but also to the sheathing; models are available that are mounted without first removing the sash. The products of this company receive excellent reviews from both construction specialists and owners of private houses who have been using German windows for many years.

Company Fakro has been producing structures for 10 years, which undergo more than 70 different inspections and tests before sale. Raw materials and components are also tested for strength and other parameters. The outside of the structure is protected by linings.

You can decorate the frame from the inside by snapping the factory-ready slope to the branded locks. Control is possible using a wall-mounted keyboard, remote controls, from a smartphone via the Internet or manually.

To make it easier to work with its products, this manufacturer has developed mobile applications, conducts regular training seminars for builders and review television programs. To perform custom qualified installation of windows, there are certified teams, as well as official service centers for repair and preventative maintenance of products. There is a lifetime warranty on glass units and spare parts. Replacement of these components is absolutely free, regardless of service life and cause of damage. The creation of such an infrastructure for ease of purchase and maintenance allowed the company to gain well-deserved popularity and become one of the leaders in Russian market.

Successful examples and options

​​​​​​Designers and architects create impressive buildings - true works of architectural art, which combine impressiveness with modern openness and lightness of interiors. The variety of complex fantasy forms and the boldness of the solutions for dormer windows amazes the imagination. Rapid development construction technologies and innovation allows you to design unusual attics that reflect the personality and taste of the owners.

When making repairs in the attic, the owners also think about the decorative design of window openings. Hanging heavy curtains in such interiors is undesirable. It's better to give preference light curtains, blinds, roller shutters. A harmonious combination of shades will create a modern, light and cozy interior.

Until recently, the attic was associated only with a place to store old and unnecessary things. Today, in rooms under the roof, called attics, cozy living rooms, gentle bedrooms, and offices are set up.

Purpose

The word “attic” comes from the name of the 17th century French architect Francois Mansart, who was the first to decide to turn an attic into a living space. There were no holes for the penetration of light in such a room; darkness and stuffiness were constant companions of the person living there. Changes in the design occurred only during the Second World War, when the Danish engineer Villum Kann Rassmunsen proposed making glazed openings in the roofs, allowing fresh air and natural light to enter the stuffy attic.

So, the main function of roof windows is lighting. Experts believe that their correct choice and high-quality installation increases the amount of transmitted light by 40%. Due to the possibility of ventilation, air quality is significantly improved. The rooms are filled with comfort and mystery. If necessary, an opening in the roof makes it possible to get out of the house or, conversely, to get inside.

Types and characteristics

The first dormer windows were glazed openings. The variety of models that exist today is the result of many years of development, the use of new technologies and customer wishes.

Vertical openings are made on the gables or in specially placed external structures of the roof slope (the so-called “birdhouses”). They are easy to install, they decorate a cottage or country house, but, however, they transmit little light. Among the advantages are the absence of extreme loads acting on them and a variety of sizes.

The placement of vertical windows in the lower part of the room prevents heat loss. The “birdhouse” allows you to slightly increase the area of ​​the upper room, but, on the other hand, it complicates rafter system and can lead to possible leaks at the points of attachment to the main roof.

Facade (eaves) windows are installed at an angle of 90 degrees directly under the roof. They allow you to access a terrace or balcony, enjoy a beautiful panoramic view, and decorate the house with flowers. A small amount of natural light is the main disadvantage of these elements.

More common are inclined models installed in line with the slope. It is believed that they transmit up to 30% more light. The advantages are optimal use of usable area and space saving.

One of the key differences between roof windows is the way they open. The most popular are mid-turn models. A single leaf opens by turning around its axis, located either in the center or 3/4 closer to the top edge. Such models are easy to operate and maintain. However, full access to the outside can be difficult.

The choice of balcony-type windows is the desire to create a charming, beautiful mansion, unlike others. When folded, the structure resembles a double door, and when unfolded it looks like a small balcony. The upper part opens up, and the lower part opens to the side. Balcony models can only be installed on a surface with a slope angle of 35-55 degrees.

Sometimes architectural features roofs do not allow the installation of full-size models. Then the perfect solution would be skylights with a “light tunnel”. They are a tube, one end of which goes upstairs, the other remains in the room.

Installing a “light tunnel” requires a large space between the attic ceiling and the roof.

Such hatches are also used in non-residential premises, but without a “light tunnel”. The design consists of one sash that rises to the top.

Hinged models are another popular option for the attic. However, using them is not entirely convenient - to wash them, you need to either stretch out very much or go out onto the slope.

The roof window can be equipped with a rain sensor and an electric drive. Remote control technology makes it possible to adjust the structure without leaving the couch and even while staying on the lower floor of the house. Instead of remote control, wall switches can be used.

The choice of window type depends on the purpose of the room in which it is installed, the goals and aesthetic wishes of the residents. It is more expedient to determine what this should look like architectural detail even at the time of construction - this will avoid unnecessary costs associated with the reconstruction of the slope. Installation of this product in a private house it is quite possible to do it yourself.

It is important to decide which window options are right for you, for example, fixed, transformable, oblique or non-opening. Each of them has both its pros and cons.

Installation features

Dormer windows are located so that external factors - wind, precipitation, snow and ice pressure, heat - have a strong influence on them. The process of installing them requires attention, knowledge and skill.

The most common mistakes when installing metal tiles are incorrect installation of insulating flashings, poor insulation slopes and the use of polyurethane foam. Anyway, Before starting installation work, you should read the installation instructions.

To better understand the installation process, it is necessary to understand the structure of the window: a double-glazed window with an inert gas contained inside - argon, which provides excellent thermal insulation, is inserted into the sash. The standard package includes aprons for waterproofing and vapor barrier, drainage gutter, flashing, thermal insulation material and internal slopes.

Before you begin installation work, you need to prepare the following tools: tape measure, building level, electric drill and scissors for cutting metal, hacksaw, electric scissors, stapler, screwdriver, pliers.

Installation is carried out on timber laid below, or rafters. It is important to ensure that the gap on each side of the frame is at least 3 cm. The frame is installed at a height of 80 to 130 cm from the floor level. Several factors determine the installation height: handle location, type of roofing material, design features roofs, customer wishes. If the handle is at the bottom, the frame is placed higher, if at the top - lower.

The sheet covering can be cut in any part. If the surface is covered with ceramic tiles, it cannot be cut, and a hole can only be made above the completed rows.

Marks are made on the waterproofing material where the holes will be located, the cut is made taking into account the margin - about 20 cm on each side. A waterproofing apron is placed on top of the waterproofing for complete tightness. Next, remove the roof covering, cut off the sheathing, stepping back 2 centimeters from the support, and nail a beam from below - about 10 centimeters from the sheathing.

When performing work, be sure to use a level. The upper edge of the waterproofing is attached to the sheathing, and the lower edge to the timber. The side parts are extended to the outside.

Before installing the frame, it is necessary to remove the glass unit and flashing. Mounting brackets are placed on the box. It is important to remember that models from different manufacturers may have different shapes and be attached in different ways: only to the rafters or to the rafters and sheathing. A thermal insulation material is attached to the top of the box, which is later pressed against the beam. Once the bottom edge is adjusted, tighten the bottom brackets tightly.

To improve waterproofing, a waterproofing apron is laid around the perimeter of the window opening. It is usually included in the package, but you can make it yourself. Above the frame, remove part of the sheathing along the width of the drainage gutter. The gutter is placed under the waterproofing material, cut in the middle, and installed around the perimeter of the frame. The top of the apron is pulled under the gutter, and its edges - under the sheathing. The apron itself is stapled to the box. The design ensures that moisture flows directly into the gutter.

Upon completion of the waterproofing installation, the protective flashing is installed and secured. Installation is carried out in the following sequence: at the bottom - a corrugated apron, then - the side parts and finally - the top element. Finally, the pads are placed until you hear an audible click. The lower apron is attached to the roofing material, and parts of the flashing are attached to the grille and frame. The sash is returned to the frame, the protective film is removed.

It is recommended to install slopes from the inside - strips framing the frame. There must be a stick for opening. Right installed slopes(the upper one is parallel to the floor, and the lower one is vertical) help to ensure gentle air circulation and natural heating. In addition, they perform an aesthetic function.

It is quite difficult to install a triangular window, so it is better to entrust this work to a professional.

Materials

Dormer windows are made from various materials. Depending on preferences, capabilities and goals, you can choose wooden, plastic or metal products.

They look great in country-style mansions and chalets, small houses and cottages. wooden structures. The main raw material is northern pine. The high density of laminated wood makes the products flexible and allows the use of fewer fasteners. The great advantage of wood is that it produces the most different forms and sizes - arched elements, balconies.

Wooden products are susceptible to the negative effects of moisture, but if you coat the frame with water-based varnish every 2-3 years, their service life will increase.

Wood is an ecological, natural, breathable material. IN wooden house it is much easier to breathe, which affects the level of living comfort.

Products made from plastic profiles, unlike wooden ones, do not require special care. It is waterproof, does not rot or deteriorate under the influence of water and dirt, and can last 40-50 years. The issue of ventilation is solved with the help of special valves. Resistance to adverse conditions environment, as well as the low price, made such products very popular. The problematic point is that When heated, a plastic profile can release vinyl chloride, a gas harmful to living organisms.

The plastic profile looks great in mansions, regardless of what they are built from. A special film makes it possible to adapt the color of the frame to the overall appearance of the building.

Sometimes roof windows are made on the basis aluminum profile. This material is resistant to corrosion and deformation and allows the production of products of various shapes and sizes. Aluminum products can be used for a long time (at least 80 years) in aggressive environmental conditions at a wide range of temperatures. They are easy to care for and have protection from precipitation and ultraviolet rays. A wide selection of colors allows you to adapt the profile to any roof design and the house itself.

Products made from aluminum profiles are cold and warm. Cold ones are used for glazing of openings of non-residential premises. Warm designs installed in attics residential buildings. Their profile consists of three parts with a thermal insulating insert. This structure prevents cold air from penetrating in and warm air from penetrating out. The space between the thermostats is filled with polyurethane foam or extruded polystyrene.

Windows made from wood-aluminum profiles are available for sale. The outer side is made of aluminum, and the inner side is made of wood. Thus, external unfavorable conditions do not have a significant effect on the profile.

One of the requirements for structures installed under the roof is low weight. They often consist of a single-chamber double-glazed window with four types of glass: thermopolished (float glass), with transparent metallized coating, tempered and triplex. Thermopolished glass prevents optical distortion. Metallized glass reflects ultraviolet rays.

When tempered glass cracks, it produces many small particles with blunt edges, which avoids cuts. Triplex is a two-layer glass with a special film that holds cracked fragments.

Reflective double-glazed windows, which help keep constantly lit rooms cool, are produced to special order.

There are also self-cleaning double-glazed windows - their outer surface is coated with a special agent that destroys organic contaminants under the influence of the sun.

When choosing windows for the attic, you need to pay attention not only to the material from which the frame is made. It is important to make sure that the fittings are of good quality – handles, hinges and others. It is preferable that the fittings used are original and made of stainless steel.

Dimensions

The choice of the size of roof windows must be approached very carefully. The lighting, appearance of the house, and its perception will largely depend on this. Aesthetic preferences alone are not enough when determining size. The area of ​​the room and the possible location of window openings should be taken into account.

According to accepted standards, the window area must be at least 1 square meter per 10 square meters of room. For the living room, studio and bedroom, the proportions may be different, for example, 1 to 8. Smaller proportions are possible for the toilet, bathroom, wardrobe, pantry and other utility rooms. However, the specified proportions can be realized in different ways: in some cases, to create a feeling of beauty and freedom, you can install one large window, in others several small ones will create comfort.

When designing an attic, you should remember that, according to experts, two or three window openings on opposite sides of the slopes will provide better lighting than one large one of the same area.

The gaps between the openings and their width depend on the distance between the rafters. Usually this is 80 cm, therefore the standard width of dormer windows is 78 cm. For a rafter system with a pitch larger size frames with a width of 94, 114 cm are used. If the distance between the rafters is small, you can purchase products with a width of 55 or 60 cm.

High window allows you to enjoy beautiful view. However, the choice of height depends not only on beauty. The main influence is the roof layout. A hole is made on a flatter roof longer length. For a roof with a slope of 35 degrees, the optimal length will be 160 cm, for a roof with a slope of 70 degrees - no more than 120 cm. The length is also determined taking into account the fact that the lower edge of the structure should be at a distance of at least 1 m from the floor.

So, the standard frame sizes are as follows: 78x118 cm, 78x140 cm, 78x160 cm, 94x140 cm, 114x118 cm, 114x140 cm. Non-standard options glazing is made to order.

Registration

The roof windows are interesting architectural solution. Their design can be original and attractive, but an excessive amount of additional decorative elements, in turn, can harm the external and internal image of the house. Correctly selected design gives a feeling of organicity, romance, freedom, comfort, and grace. But before choosing a design, you should figure out whether it is needed to provide protection from burglary, from the sun, or simply as a decorative element.

External shutters, called roller shutters, are usually used to protect against mechanical damage and excessive sunlight; they provide sound insulation. It is better to install them outside, because being installed inside, they contribute to additional heating of the glass and everything internal space attics.

External shutters, however, are not very beautiful and elegant and are more suitable for people who prioritize functionality.

Another option for sun protection are thin nets, so-called awnings. They transmit light, scattering it and thereby reducing heat gain. Separately installed awnings also serve as a mosquito net.

Curtains are in the classic way design of window openings. On vertical structures They use ordinary curtains; on inclined ones - two cornices. The first cornice is installed on top, and the second is placed where it is convenient - it will prevent the canvas from falling and hold it in the desired position. To fix the fabric, Velcro, eyelets, braid, clips, and clamps are used. These elements are also used as decoration. Curtains bring elegance and tenderness to your visit.

Blinds are less original and aesthetically pleasing. However, they are easy to install and adapt to openings of various shapes, which makes them a fairly popular attribute.

For non-standard forms window openings are indispensable pleated. The canvas is held in place by a special cord or electric drive, which allows you to assemble the curtain or hold it in the desired position.

In the interior, you can decorate the windows solely to your taste. All decoration and finishing can be done independently.

Manufacturers and reviews

The most famous manufacturers of roof windows represented on the Russian market are the Danish company Velux, the German Roto and the Polish Fakro.

The Danish company Velux has been producing window products for over 70 years. Today this manufacturer offers wooden profiles, made from especially durable northern pine, impregnated with antiseptic. A special varnish or monolithic polyurethane is additionally applied to the finished product. The double-glazed windows are made using the “warm perimeter” technology - a solid steel dividing strip is used, rounded at the corners, which reduces the amount of condensation.

Interior it is filled with argon, and silicone is used for sealing, the service life of which reaches up to 20 years. Three-level sealing around the perimeter allows you to retain heat and eliminate drafts. The design uses a unique ventilation device and a removable filter that provides protection against dust and insects. Velux windows can be used even under the most low temperatures. Smooth, streamlined shapes allow them to fit harmoniously into any architectural solution.

The model range of this manufacturer is represented by four central-pivot and two top-pivot models, balcony and other designs. The standard warranty period is 5 years.

Among the disadvantages are the high cost of the product and the location of the handle at the top of the frame, which can be very inconvenient if the window is located high.

Roto products have been present on the world market for more than 50 years. The company is a leader in the production of fittings for windows and doors. The innovative idea of ​​this manufacturer is to create a design with a rotating axis located above the center. Since the 90s of the 20th century, the company has been producing plastic profiles in 6 colors: white, golden oak, black oak, walnut, mahogany, pine.

The model range is represented by four models: with a central axis, a raised axis, two axes of rotation and a PVC model for rooms with high humidity. The handles are installed at the bottom of the frame. Operation of the product is possible at low ambient temperatures. The company supplies a model with electric drive and a rain sensor.

Other advantages of Roto products include a double-circuit seal, a special block for thermal insulation, and the ability to adjust the gaps between the frame and the sash. Good quality Roto makes products popular among customers. The warranty is valid for 5 years.

The Polish manufacturer Fakro produces windows from laminated veneer lumber, which is impregnated with an antiseptic and varnished. Argon is also used in double-glazed windows, which is durable tempered glass, resistant to adverse environmental factors. Special fuses prevent the glass unit from being squeezed out. The ventilation valve prevents the accumulation of condensate and ensures the supply of fresh air. The handle is located at the bottom. The fittings fix the sash in 6 positions. Products have more low price compared to its competitors.

The warranty terms are also valid for 5 years.

For owners of a sufficient level of income, the Frank brand is suitable. The products of this manufacturer are different high quality.

You can be sure that roof windows are a complex product, the quality of which determines the comfort of living. Correctly selected dimensions, configuration and appearance create harmony with the surrounding world. It’s nice to be in such a room, greet guests, admire nature and just have fun. When choosing windows, you should not chase price, ignoring the quality and compliance of products with specific conditions.

Poor quality, inappropriate dimensions, material can cause a lot of unpleasant moments and, possibly, lead to additional expenses, which will exceed the initial cost of the product.

When installing a window, be sure to strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions. Only this will ensure the quality and durability of the design, and avoid unnecessary conflicts with the supplier and manufacturer. It is desirable that all elements of the product, including fittings and insulating materials, were original and complied with the manufacturer's recommendations. Lack of waterproofing apron or incorrectly selected flashing, plastic fittings reduce the quality of the product.

All window elements require additional care during their entire service life, this especially applies to wooden parts.

Dormer windows will help you significantly insulate your home. Their repair and replacement will not require much effort if you have a work plan and drawings at hand.

It is important to take a careful approach to the design of roof windows. The location on the roof and openness to the aggressive influence of the environment places additional demands on the installation of shutters and the selection of decorative elements: curtains, blinds, roller shutters.

In order for the attic of your house to be well lit, you need to correctly calculate the size of the windows and their number. Having calculated the required glazing area, you can easily select the size of the roof windows and their number. But you should understand that the lighting of the bedroom and the lighting of the winter garden will be different. This fact must also be taken into account when calculating. Dormer windows are distinguished by size and price, shape and manufacturer. Compared to ordinary windows, attic have the following features:

  • since roof windows are located obliquely, they provide 40% more lighting compared to ordinary ones;
  • due to their inclined position, attic windows have a special opening system, different from vertical windows (with top opening, with access to the roof, combined opening, with remote control and special-purpose windows);
  • attic windows provide special brackets for curtains;
  • Only roof windows of standard sizes are produced, custom production is not provided;
  • Due to the nature of their operation, attic windows are tested under the most extreme conditions.

Velux roof window sizes

There are two leaders in the building products and materials market: Velux and Fakro. Our catalog contains Velux roof windows; window sizes and prices vary. Velux standard roof windows are available in 9 options. They are designed in accordance with the building roofing standards.

Dimensions 55×78 66×118 78×98 78×118 78×140 78×160 94×140 114×118 114×140

The dimensions of Velux roof windows allow installation work, both on the roof sheathing and on the rafters. The calculation is carried out as follows: the width of the window should be on average 5 centimeters smaller than the distance between two beads of wood, the height depends on your preferences, the angle of inclination and the height above the floor.

Dimensions of Fakro roof windows

You can easily pick up best option for your premises. There are two types of these products offered on the market: opening and blind. There are standard Fakro roof windows, available in 13 sizes.

Dimensions 55×78 55×98 66×98 66×118 78×98 78×118 78×140 78×160 94×118 94×140 114×118 114×140 134×98

Products from this manufacturer are tested in 70 stages, which guarantees their high reliability and durability.

Once upon a time, the attic room was used only for storing things, later it turned into a dwelling for poor people; it is no coincidence that many associate it with a room for a student or artist. However, now the situation has changed radically.

With the correct selection and installation of windows, the under-roof space can be turned into the brightest and most cozy room in the house. It will be an excellent place to place a bedroom, office, hobby room, etc. Modern window designs are easy to install, and their use is very convenient. But first you need to decide on their size, type and options.

Types

All options for attic windows can be divided into straight and inclined. The first type is installed in the pediment: such systems are not much different from simple window blocks that are installed on the ground floor of the building. They are usually smaller in size, which does not provide sufficient illumination.

The inclined design of a roof window is distinguished by the fact that it is mounted directly into the roofing system: the frame is attached to the rafters and a horizontal mounting beam, the upper part is fixed to the sheathing. This allows you to get maximum sunlight, and proper sealing allows you to avoid leaks and excess moisture.

Inclined systems can have several opening options:

Nowadays there are also systems of “smart” windows on sale, equipped with rain sensors and an automatic system for opening and closing the sashes. They will be able to protect rooms from water during rain if the owner forgets to close the doors himself.

All these options turn the roof window into a complex, but very convenient device, which will make it possible to fill the room with light, but at the same time reliably protect it from cold and moisture. To firmly connect the window unit with the roofing material and remove excess moisture from it, a special device is used - flashing. An additional frame made of waterproof materials will allow you to forget about dampness.

Size and location

The sizes of roof windows are determined by the area of ​​the room and the presence of additional partitions in it. Usually the calculation is carried out as follows: for every 10 sq. The room must be at least 1 sq. meters. meter of glazing. If you want excellent illumination, you can increase the ratio to 1:8. But if the attic is divided into several parts, each of them must have a separate opening.

Large roof windows are not always a profitable solution. A large double-glazed window weighs a lot, this creates an additional load on the roof, in addition, the glass will experience greater wind and snow loads in winter. Based on all of the above, it is better to install several small ones instead of one large block in order to ultimately obtain the same glazing area. This good decision, since the sun's rays will dissipate and the room will be much lighter.

Sloping window structures are not installed if the roof slope is less than 25 degrees. In this case, a large amount of snow will accumulate on the roof every winter, and a constant heavy load will be placed on the frame and glass unit. Over time, the seal will collapse, and the opening will begin to leak, and the room will be too damp.

The lower edge of the window block is usually located at a distance of 90 to 100 cm from the floor: this will allow both the person sitting and standing man. The top edge should be at a height of up to 220 cm from the floor surface. It is clear that such a system will be much longer in length than usual, since it will have to be placed in an inclined position.

When placing the blocks, it is necessary to take into account the position of the rafters: the frame is placed between the rafters, while there should be a few centimeters on each side between them and the opening. If the rafter pitch is too large, it can be reduced by installing an additional rafter leg.

Is it worth purchasing ready-made roof windows? Some companies do not make custom frames, but offer to purchase kits of standard sizes right away. They are suitable for houses built according to standard projects, so there won’t be any problems with their installation, and all systems will work flawlessly. If you are not satisfied with the standard sizes, invite a measurer and install a frame that meets all your personal wishes.

Plastic or wood

Another question that needs to be resolved when choosing a window design: which material is better? Today, manufacturers offer attic frames made of wood and plastic, and each option has undeniable advantages. Let's compare them according to the main parameters:

Thus, there are pros and cons to both options, and each deserves careful consideration. There is one more important factor choice - price. The cheapest remain plastic windows made according to a standard design.

Wooden frames are always more expensive, and too low their cost indicates either poor source material or low-quality manufacturing. It is necessary to contact trusted manufacturers who have managed to gain a good reputation.

Manufacturers of window blocks

Manufacturers of attic windows offer similar window systems, fundamental differences in designs are not so large. However, the principles of opening and the quality of materials may differ: you should not take risks by choosing too cheap options. Today, three well-known manufacturers can be called market leaders:

  • VELUX (Denmark). This brand is known in at least 9 European countries; in Russia its products are also in high demand. A wide selection of sizes and types allows you to choose the right solution for rooms of any size. In addition, each kit comes with detailed instructions for installation and all necessary fasteners.

    • The Danes are the first manufacturers of attic windows; they highly value tradition, and there is no doubt that the products purchased under this brand will be of high quality, reliable and easy to use.

  • FAKRO (Poland). Polish products will be somewhat cheaper, although the opening and installation systems are quite similar. This brand occupies approximately 35% of the domestic market for attic window units. Manufacturers have managed to gain the trust of customers by providing excellent service and offering a long warranty.
  • ROTO (Germany). German systems are considered very expensive: the simplest kit will cost from 25 thousand rubles. However, they are characterized by the highest quality, durability and reliability: this solution is suitable for the most luxurious home. In addition, they will not need to be changed soon.

All of the listed European brands are in steady demand, but the cost of their products cannot be called low. It is necessary to study all the company’s offers, use the help of consultants and make the right choice.

Sun protection

A window unit installed in a roofing system must be protected from the sun, otherwise the rooms will be very hot both in winter and summer. Let's look at several ways to protect yourself from bright rays:

  • Blinds. A special structure is attached to the top and bottom of the block so that the slats are located at an angle. The color is selected depending on decorative design, turning the lamellas allows you to block the path of the solar flow. However, no blinds can completely isolate a room from the sun.
  • Roller blinds. This is a continuous canvas that rolls up when raised and unfolds when lowered. The canvas can be completely lightproof. This will isolate the room from light and keep it from getting too hot.
  • External awning is a type of canopy made of waterproof synthetic fabric attached to the guides. Modern awnings can be controlled from the inside, although they are installed outside the building. This additional protection rooms from rain and sun, it can be combined with the installation of a mounting grid.

A prerequisite for turning an attic into a full-fledged living space is the installation of window openings in the roof, without which it will remain dark and uncomfortable. Obviously, they should be filled with special designs, capable of withstanding typical roof loads. Such windows are called dormer windows.

  • location;
  • the material from which the frames are made;
  • type of glass unit;
  • opening method, etc.

Location

Two options of roof windows are available:

  • vertical;
  • inclined.

Vertical roof window

It is installed in the pediment or in the so-called cuckoo - a ledge in the roof that has a vertical outer wall.

Vertical masard window is not subject to extreme loads

The advantages of vertical windows are as follows:

  • they are not subject to extreme loads, therefore, in terms of simplicity of design and cost, they do not differ from ordinary façade windows;
  • may be large in size;
  • Being located in the lower part of the room, such windows contribute least to heat leakage (warm air rises).

Despite all their advantages, vertical windows are not very common. If you install them in gables, the central part of the attic will be poorly lit. And to install such a window on a slope, you have to build a “cuckoo”, which somewhat complicates the rafter system and leads to the appearance of potentially dangerous places in terms of leaks (adjacent to the main roof). At the same time, both in the “cuckoo” and in the pediment, a vertical window provides less natural light than an inclined one.

The “cuckoo” should not be considered only as a burden that one has to go to in order to install a vertical window. This element allows you to increase the volume of the attic, so it can be quite appropriate in small houses.

Sloping roof windows

They are installed in slopes and located in the same plane with them. The slope angle should be 15 degrees or more. If it does not satisfy this condition (flat roof), you should install a window with a special structural element, which will give it the necessary slope.

Sloping roof window provides comfortable natural light to the room

Sloping windows have the advantage over vertical ones in that they provide more light and do not require changes to the roof structure, but you have to take into account some of their features:

  • because of significant loads dimensions are limited: the glass unit area rarely exceeds 1.4 m2;
  • when located in the upper part of the room, heat loss noticeably increases, as a result of which it is recommended to pay attention to energy-saving models;
  • in summer can lead to overheating of the room.

The last circumstance should be taken into account when choosing the location of the window, more precisely, its orientation relative to the cardinal points. It will be hottest in the attic, the windows of which face south or west. It is recommended to equip them with blinds, with which you can regulate the insolation.

Windows facing east create less heat, and windows facing north do not create heat at all.

Frame and sash material

Currently they produce aluminum, wood and metal-plastic windows for the attic.

Aluminum

Actually, it is not aluminum in its pure form that is used, but its alloy with silicon and magnesium. This type of window has the following advantages:

  • durability: the structure will last at least 80 years;
  • resistance to UV radiation, oils, gases and acids;
  • strength;
  • non-flammability;
  • presentable appearance.

However, installing an aluminum window in a residential area would be impractical - too much heat is lost through it. Such structures are usually installed in large pavilions, airports, exhibition halls, etc.

The aluminum frame is characterized by high thermal conductivity, which negatively affects the energy-saving properties of the window

Windows with aluminum parts cannot be installed on roofs coated with copper sheets: upon contact, both metals begin to corrode.

Wooden

Made from laminated veneer lumber, which is assembled from well-dried and therefore non-shrinking boards. Typically softwood is used.

Outside wooden elements covered with aluminum covers. For installation in bathrooms and restrooms, wooden windows with a waterproof polyurethane coating are produced.

The wooden window fits harmoniously into the interior of the attic, decorated with wood.

In a living space, wood looks most natural. In addition, this material retains heat well. But there is wooden windows and a significant drawback: they are quite expensive.

The user should also take into account the fact that such products require careful handling, since wooden elements can be damaged relatively easily. Maintenance may be required: the varnish coating needs to be restored in areas of wear.

Metal-plastic

The frames and sashes of such windows are made of galvanized steel profiles enclosed in a PVC shell. Various additives have been added to the plastic to make it resistant to impact. solar radiation and weather factors.

When heated, metal-plastic windows can release harmful substances into the living area

Metal-plastic windows are very practical:

  • do not require maintenance;
  • more resistant to damage than wood;
  • are absolutely moisture resistant;
  • are 4 times cheaper than wooden ones.

Plastic does not go well with the interior of a living space. In addition, PVC can release vinyl chloride gas, which is harmful to health, into the air, especially with some heating (summer heat or heat from a battery may be enough). Sellers claim that if there are harmful fumes, they are within acceptable limits, but the fact remains: in Western Europe metal-plastic windows in residential buildings It hasn't been installed for a long time.

In addition to the outer walls, the steel profile has walls that divide the internal cavity into longitudinal chambers (not to be confused with the chambers in a double-glazed window). The more such elements there are, the warmer the window will be. Based on the number of cameras, profiles are divided into:

  • 3-chamber: installed in regions with warm climates;
  • 4- and 5-chamber: designed for regions with cold winters;
  • 6- and 7-chamber: they cost significantly more than the previous option, but in terms of thermal resistance they are slightly superior, so many consider the purchase of such windows inappropriate.

The number of cameras in the profile is selected taking into account the climate of the region

In regions with especially harsh winters Experts recommend installing windows with a wider glass unit instead of 6- and 7-chamber profiles.

Type of glass unit

They strive to make roof windows as light as possible, so most often they are equipped with single-chamber double-glazed windows, that is, consisting of two sheets of glass. Less commonly, 2-chamber double-glazed windows (3 sheets) are installed.

For roof windows, single-chamber double-glazed windows are most often used.

Glass comes in the following types:

  • float glass: also called thermopolished glass, it is characterized by a complete absence of optical distortion;
  • glass with transparent metallized coating (I-glass): a type with an energy-saving effect - the coating reflects infrared radiation, which carries heat away from the home;
  • tempered: when cracked, it does not form large dangerous fragments, like ordinary glass, but a scattering of small ones, which also have blunt edges;
  • triplex: two-layer glass with a polymer film between the layers, which, when cracked, holds the fragments in place.

In triplex double-glazed windows, a polymer film is placed between the glasses, which increases its impact resistance

Double-glazed windows with I-glasses are filled with inert gases - xenon, argon, etc., which, together with spraying, increases thermal resistance by 30%.

Double-glazed windows made of ordinary glass without spraying and filled with inert gas, contrary to the assurances of unscrupulous manufacturers, are not energy-saving. Such a double-glazed window will be no more than 2% warmer than a regular one with air filling, so you should not overpay for it.

Opening method

Most often, a roof window is rotary, that is, its sash rotates around a horizontal axis. Hinges with a friction brake are used, thanks to which the open window can be fixed in any position.

The horizontal rotary axis can be located in one of four designs.

  1. At a distance of 2/3 or ¾ of the length of the window from its bottom. Such designs are called raised-axis windows. This optimal solution for long windows, which in a mid-hung version, when opened, would block half of the attic. There are models with a pneumatic drive, which pushes the sash outward so that its upper part does not protrude into the room. The use of a raised axis makes it possible to achieve greater illumination by increasing the window area, but in this case the outer glass is quite difficult to clean.
  2. At the top of the window. Products with a top rotating axis, like mid-mounted ones, have regular dimensions. They are convenient because when opened, the entire sash is outside the attic, so nothing prevents you from getting close to the window. But with this design, it is also quite difficult to wash the glass from the outside.
  3. Above and in the middle. This opening method is the most practical. If the window needs to be washed, it is opened as a middle-hung window, in other cases - as with a top axis.
  4. In the middle of the frame. Such windows are called mid-hung. They are the most common and have the lowest cost.

The advantage of the latter solution is that the user can easily wash the outer glass by turning the sash at a significant angle. The disadvantage is that the upper part of the sash in the open position protrudes into the room, so you cannot get close to the window, and in addition, you can hit the sash.

Each rotary axis location option has its own advantages

The handle on the swing sash can be placed either below or above. If the edge of the window is not too high, the top handle is preferable: small child will not be able to open the sash and flowers can be placed on the windowsill. If the window is too long and you can’t reach the top without a stool, you should install the handle at the bottom.

Hinged roof windows are also available, opening like regular ones. Such models are used if access to the roof is required. They are equipped with a pneumatic shock absorber, which prevents gusts of wind from slamming the sash.

Video: how to choose the type of roof window opening

Options

The design of a roof window may include:

  1. Ventilation valve. Installed in the upper part, it can open and close regardless of the position of the sash.
  2. Remote control system. A window with this option is purchased if it is intended to be installed high relative to the attic floor. The remote opening device can be mechanical - in this case, the user opens the window using a pole attached to it and electronic remote controls. In the second case, the shutter is opened by an electric or pneumatic drive (the second is for rooms with a high explosion hazard), and the user controls all processes by pressing buttons.
  3. A rain sensor, based on a signal from which a window equipped with a drive will close automatically in case of bad weather.
  4. Two sashes located one above the other, when opened, the window turns into a balcony. The lower one plays the role of a balustrade, the upper one - a canopy.

You can open and close the window using the remote control

Salary type

The flashing is a part that seals the gap between the window frame and roofing covering. The profile of the lower part of the flashing must correspond to the relief of the roofing material, otherwise the roof window will protrude too far beyond the plane of the roof.

Thus, different salaries are issued for:

  • soft roof that has no waves at all;
  • metal tiles;
  • corrugated sheets with different wave heights;
  • ondulin;
  • ceramic tiles.

In the marking of a dormer window, the type of flashing is usually indicated by one or another letter.

Video: roof windows - pros and cons

Dimensions of dormer windows

Regarding roof windows, there is a size range that is considered standard:

  • 54x83 cm;
  • 54x103 cm;
  • 64x103 cm;
  • 74x103 cm;
  • 74x123 cm;
  • 74x144 cm;
  • 114x144 cm;
  • 134x144 cm.

The sizes of roof windows depend on the design

IN model range Different manufacturers may have their own standard sizes. In addition, the window can be made to order in any size that is convenient for the buyer.

In order for insulation to be secured around the window, thereby preventing freezing and moisture condensation, the width of the frame should be 12 cm less than the distance between the rafters. If necessary, this parameter can be reduced, but it should not be less than 8 cm. This leads to the conclusion: you need to select a window at the roof design stage - then the designer, in accordance with the customer’s choice, will assign a rafter spacing.

The sizes of roof windows and their number are selected in such a way that for every 8–10 m2 of flooring there is 1 m2 of glazing.

To make it convenient to look out of the window, its bottom should be placed at a height of 90–120 cm (this value is taken based on a seated person), and its top should be at a height of 200–220 cm from the floor. With a gentle slope, it is difficult to follow this requirement, since the window in this case will have to be of considerable length. The solution is as follows: they use products with a so-called wedge, thanks to which the window is located at a steeper angle.

The smaller the angle of the roof slope, the longer the window should be

If the window is on the upper slope sloping roof, where nothing will be visible through it anyway, then they try to place it closer to the ridge in order to minimize the impact of melting snow and flowing water.

Installation of roof windows

To install a window, two cross beams of the same cross-section as the rafter leg are nailed between the rafters. On slopes with a large slope, the top beam need not be installed - instead, the frame is simply attached to the sheathing.

Before starting installation, it is necessary to separate the frame and sash

Before installation, the window should be disassembled by disconnecting the sash from the frame. This operation must be performed with great care and after careful study of the manufacturer's instructions. Otherwise, the hinges may be damaged.

Fixation is carried out using mounting brackets, which are screwed on one side to the frame and on the other to the mounting beam. Brackets are included.

A drainage gutter must be installed above the window - water will flow around the opening along it. This part is not always included in the kit. If there is no gutter, you can use a strip of waterproofing material folded in half lengthwise.

A gutter installed under the window is designed to drain condensate

The technology for sealing the gap around the window is largely determined by the type of roofing material used. It is necessary to strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions without trying to simplify them, otherwise water will leak into the room through the window.

In order for the attic window to serve properly, attention should be paid not only to the external, but also to the internal work:

  1. It is necessary to secure the slopes correctly: the lower one - vertically, the upper one - horizontally. This arrangement will provide airflow warm air, without which the glass will become covered with condensation.
  2. Slopes should be insulated with a thick layer of mineral wool. If you use thin Penofol or something else like that instead, as is sometimes done out of ignorance, condensation will appear on the slopes in winter. Mineral wool must be protected from moisture penetration with a vapor barrier.
  3. Similarly, you need to insulate the side gaps between the frame and the rafters.
  4. A heating radiator must be installed under the window.

When blowing out seams with polyurethane foam sealant ( polyurethane foam) it should be applied little by little, in several steps. This composition, when cured, increases significantly in volume, so if it is applied generously, it can warp the frame.

Violating the order of installation of the elements and components of the kit will lead to a negative result.

When installing a window, do not use flashing, seals or other parts from other models, even if they seem to be quite suitable in size. Minor, visually undetectable deviations are possible, due to which the window structure will allow water to pass through.

Video: installing a roof window on a finished property

Manufacturers of roof windows provide customers with the widest choice, producing products in a wide variety of designs. The main thing is to think carefully about everything before installation. design features to choose the most suitable model for your home. We hope the tips outlined will help with this.

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