The dimensions of the doorway (as well as the window) can be standard or non-standard. In order to put the frame and the door into the latter, it becomes necessary to make a door (or window) to order. This, of course, will significantly affect the final cost of the order, as well as increase the duration of the work time. To avoid these nuances, there is such a thing as a standard. A standard doorway (or window) will save time and money. It will not be difficult to install the structure into it yourself. In addition, today manufacturing companies offer a huge selection various models windows and doors of standard sizes.
Standard doorway size for interior and entrance doors of an apartment
In order to avoid unexpected situations, it is necessary to seriously consider the dimensions of the doors and doorways. It is best to choose in advance the company from which you will order the interior or entrance structure, and consult with specialists regarding the dimensions of the free space for it. It is worth noting that the standards for these indicators may be different in some companies. However, many companies adhere to the following door standards:
- Height 2 meters, width – 60; 70; 80 cm.
- Height 1.9 meters, width – 55 cm
Very important aspect– in what room the structure is installed (with or without a window). Rooms without windows are characterized by following parameters door opening (standard sizes):
- 2070 x 970 mm
- 2070 x 870 mm
- 2070 x 770 mm
- 2070 x 670 mm
- 1970 x 670 mm
- 1970 x 62 mm
Here, however, it is worth clarifying that these dimensions are also suitable for recesses under double doors.
Rooms with windows have their own dimensions:
- 2070 x970 mm
- 2070 x 870 mm
- 2070 x 770 mm
- 2070 x 670 mm
- 1970 x 670 mm
- 1970 x 620 mm
To calculate the opening dimensions for sliding doors you need to know that a standard door with a sliding kit (rollers with a bar, lower guide flag) has a height of 2005 mm. Space under sliding structure should be smaller and narrower than the canvas, vary between 1900-2002 mm.
For entrance structures, the standard are openings with a height of 2050 mm or 2150 mm, the most common width is 1000 mm or 900 mm.
How is the height and width of a window opening determined during the construction of a residential building?
During design and construction apartment buildings most often adhere to standard window openings. The same practice is observed in the construction of private housing. This saves a significant amount of time and money when installing double-glazed windows.
The standard dimensions of the space for windows are developed taking into account the functional purpose of the building, the dimensions of the room, and natural light depending on the location of the house.
For example, a residential multi-apartment panel building has the following parameters:
- Double-leaf windows - height 1400 mm and width 1300 mm.
- Tri-leaf – height 1400 mm, width 2050 mm or 2070 mm.
Khrushchev houses have a completely different approach to window openings: the dimensions depend on the width of the window sill. A double-leaf double-glazed window with a wide window sill is installed in an opening of 1450x1500 mm, a three-leaf one - 2040x1500 mm. Narrow window sills in Khrushchev-era buildings suggest 1300x1350 mm (for two sashes) and 2040x1350 mm (for three sashes)
The construction of buildings and structures is a complex multi-stage process associated with many approvals and requirements. The structure must be strong, durable, and earthquake-resistant. Therefore, design precedes construction - thinking through and making calculations on paper. In order not to start calculations anew each time, we created special standards, adhering to which you can quickly erect high-quality buildings. Construction standards cover all the details: the materials to be used, the size of the building, and the size of window and door openings. The window opening must provide the required level of natural light, without compromising the strength of the structure. A standard doorway should provide free access to the room, not only for people, but also for pieces of furniture. The use of standards for window and door openings makes the work of manufacturers of door leaves and window frames easier.
Entrance and interior doors in the house: standard size and width of the doorway
Typical dimensions of doors and doorways are indicated in special documents - SNiPs. Depending on the type of premises (residential, bathroom, administrative) and the type of doors (interior, entrance), the following standards are distinguished:
- Interior doors: opening height 1970 mm and 2070 mm, door height 1900 mm and 2000 mm. Opening width: 620, 670, 770, 870 and 970 mm, width door leaf: 550, 600, 700, 800, 900 mm. In this case, the thickness of the box should be 108 mm.
- Entrance doors: opening height 2065 mm and 2165 mm, leaf height 2000 mm and 2100 mm, respectively. The opening width is 930, 980 and 1030 mm, and the leaf width is 800, 850, 900 mm.
These are the standards for “single” doors; double doors are also installed: two leaves of 550 mm each allow you to get an opening for the door whose dimensions will be 1100 mm.
Of course, the size of the doorway can be changed, but in this case you will have to order doors custom size. Moreover, changing the size is called redevelopment and for its implementation it is necessary to obtain special permission from the architectural department. A significant increase in the doorway can weaken the structure and cause structural failure.
Another option is possible, if there is a doorway non-standard sizes, its geometry is changed (extra sections are laid in) and standard doors are installed.
Continuing the conversation about standard door sizes, it is worth mentioning that we mean ordinary swing doors. However, recently, sliding doors have been increasingly used, which allow maximum space saving for opening/closing doors.
The dimensions of the opening for sliding doors depend on the design of the doors (there are sliding doors, accordion doors, etc.).
Regular and non-standard width and height of the window opening: how to design correctly
Unlike doorways and door sizes, the situation with window openings and windows is somewhat different. During construction, although they adhere to the standards laid down in SNiPs, window sizes still vary greatly, because the window area is usually calculated based on the square footage of the room. Therefore, in houses various types there will be windows different sizes. For example, in a standard panel house, two-leaf windows have a size of 1300x1400 mm, three-leaf windows have a size of 2050x1400 or 2070x1400 mm. In “Khrushchev” buildings, the size depends on the width of the window sill. In apartments with wide window sills, double-leaf windows have a size of 1450x1500 mm, three-leaf windows - 2040x1500 mm. If the window sills are narrow, then the window sizes are smaller: 1300X1350 mm and 2040X1350 mm.
The primary purpose of windows in buildings and structures of any type is to transmit light for natural illumination. But windows also provide ventilation and perform a number of other functions. Let's try to figure out what is regulated in construction. Is it possible to set arbitrary ones when constructing, for example, a country house?
How is the area of window openings calculated?
In the construction of various types of buildings, building codes and regulations are applied that regulate the size of window openings and windows, depending on many factors. The determining factor among them is KEO - natural illumination coefficient. But many other factors are also taken into account: the dimensions and purpose of the building, geographical location, light characteristics and the number of glasses in a double-glazed window, etc. So, in “ Building codes and rules" (SNiP P-A862) regulates the area of the window opening in relation to the area of the room (in percentage), which is determined by the formula given in the document. SNiP defines normalized values of KEO in the premises of standard public and residential buildings, geographically located in the band from 45° to 60° northern latitude. This value takes into account that glass in windows must be cleaned twice a year for buildings in areas with low dust and pollution, and 4 times for premises in areas with noticeable emissions of dust and combustion products. If the building is located south of 45° north latitude, a coefficient of 0.75 should be applied to the KEO value, and if the building is located north of 60° north latitude - 1.2.
The calculation formulas have their own coefficients for cases of using several glasses in double-glazed windows, with at different distances between glasses, as well as when various designs glass in windows (frosted, figured, etc.).
If it is difficult to set different coefficients, then there is a simplified formula for residential premises: the glazing area of windows should be at least 8 times less area premises. This formula gives approximate, but quite close to calculated results.
Standard sizes
But there are standard sizes of window openings, specified state standards for residential and These sizes are chosen optimal for mass construction. They take into account many factors, including the external aesthetic appearance of the building as an architectural structure.
GOSTs take into account not only window sizes but also design features their execution. In addition, the dimensions of openings, panels and design have been standardized. balcony doors. There are GOST 24699-81, GOST 24700-81 and GOST 11214-86, which impose restrictions on the choice wooden windows and balcony doors for public and residential buildings, designed with double-glazed windows and glass, with double-glazed windows and with, respectively.
List of standard sizes
In particular, standardized sizes of windows and balcony doors of residential buildings are provided in height (860, 1460 and 2175 mm) and width (570, 720, 870, 1170, 1320, 1470, 1770 or 2070 mm). For public buildings, a different size range has been standardized for windows and balcony doors (height - 1160, 1760 or 2060, 2375 or 2575 mm, width - 870, 1170, 1320, 1470 mm). openings for these structures are also defined: in residential buildings (height 910, 1520 and 2210, width 610, 780, 910, 1210, 1380, 1510, 1810, 2110 mm) and public buildings (height 1210, 1810, 2110, 2410 and 2810, width 910, 1210, 1380, 1510, 1810, 2110, 2410 and 2710 mm).
Standard sizes of window openings (GOST 23166-99), window blocks and balcony doors are presented in an expanded size range: added values for height - 580 and 1320 mm, width - 2370 and 2670 mm without specification, in residential or public buildings they will be installed.
IN panel houses a standard window with two sashes should have a width of 1300x1400 mm, and a window with three sashes should have a height of 1400 mm, and a width of the sashes of 2070 or 2050 mm.
Window sizes were also standardized for five-story buildings of the Khrushchev period. For a window with two sashes with a narrow window sill, the size is 1300x1350 mm, for a window with three sashes - 2040x1350 mm, and with a wide window sill - 1450x1500 and 2040x1500 mm.
How to calculate window openings?
Thus, to select the number and sizes of window openings for a building under construction country house you can perform the following sequence of actions:
- based on the area of the room, calculate the glazing area of the windows (divided by 8);
- we determine the height of the windows from the standard size range (we take into account the architectural appearance of the house, its harmonious aesthetic appearance);
- by dividing the glazing area by the height of the window glass, we obtain the total width of the glazing;
- calculate the number of windows for the standard row widths that suit you by dividing the total glazing width by the selected glass width of the window block (round the resulting value up if you receive a fractional number);
- choose the width that best suits our preferences.
The result is no worse than the requirements of SNiP, since the result was rounded up.
Example
Let's take a room with an area of 40 sq.m. - the glazing area must be at least 5 sq.m. With a window height of 1460 mm (glass height - 1210 mm), the total glazing length will be 4132 mm, which is equivalent to 4 windows with a width of 1320 mm (glass width 1170 mm) or three windows with a width of 1770 mm (glass width 1520 mm).
When determining the size of window openings, you should add 15 mm on each side to the dimensions of the window blocks to fit on polyurethane foam and add 50 mm in height for the same purpose, plus for installing a window sill board.
Concluding remarks
It must be borne in mind that when building an individual country house there are no such strict restrictions as in mass construction. Modern companies (there are a great many of them on the market) that produce and install double-glazed windows are able to produce window units any sizes. But if you implement the recommended sizes of window openings (SNiP P-A862), then the conditions for natural illumination of the premises will be met, and choosing sizes according to GOST allows you to save costs compared to ordering individual window blocks.
Therefore, in any case, it is useful to know and use illumination calculations according to the construction requirements methodology, as well as the provisions of current GOSTs for the standardization of window and door designs to choose the right size of window openings, for example, for building a country house.
(about some pressing issues of organizing window openings)
People usually begin to think about compliance with the design dimensions after the walls of the house are completely built, the roof proudly rises above them, and the builders begin to work on the exterior and interior decoration. It is at this stage that shortcomings associated with non-compliance with the exact dimensions of window openings appear. Crooked and lopsided window openings you have to bring it to fruition by involving specialists in the work.
How to prepare correctly For the installation of plastic windows we will consider in today's material.
We control the preparation of the window opening
First of all, you should check the alignment of the openings in the wall. Most important point- checking the level of the upper slopes, that is, correlating the lintel with the design level of the finished floor. If the lower part of the lintel is higher than the design level, then most likely it will be necessary to adjust the height of the window opening by making lower masonry. Another option is to order higher window structures than planned. However, it should be remembered that on one floor all jumpers must be at the same level.
If the size of the window openings is far from ideal...
It is known that window opening sizes should not be smaller sizes boxes This will ensure easy installation window design, and will also allow you to create the necessary installation gap.
The accuracy of the shape of the window opening is determined by measuring the height, width and diagonals. Let’s make it clear right away that we are talking about standard windows. If the diagonals of the opening are equal, and the height and width correspond to the project, then everything has been done correctly.
However, this is an ideal option. Sometimes the proportions of openings have to be seriously adjusted.
Diagonals of different opening lengths assume the absence of perpendicularity between the sides. Naturally, the side slopes will also be far from a strictly vertical position. The problem is solved by pruning side slope with an acute angle.
Equal diagonals and different side slopes will not allow the opening to be expanded due to the presence of a lintel above it, which must enter the wall to the calculated depth. If the side slope is expanded, the depth of the wall on which the lintel rests will become smaller, and this can lead to greater deflection and weakening. bearing capacity. Here it is better to reduce the opening with a narrow fragment and connect it to the wall using anchors. In openings that are too large, it is also recommended to install windows with a wider frame or use a wider sash profile, as well as so-called “additions” (additional profile).
If the window openings do not fully comply with the design They can not be adjusted to certain standards, but windows can be ordered taking into account existing sizes. IN reputable company for the production of plastic windows will always meet the needs of the home owner and fulfill the order in full accordance with the measurements.
So that the opening does not interfere and does not spoil the overall picture
It also happens that the sizes of window openings have to be changed in accordance with the interior design. For example, in the kitchen he can dictate his own conditions kitchen furniture: the window sash must open without interference from the faucet, etc. Reducing the height of the countertop is not advisable due to the inconvenience this causes during cooking. The remaining option is to reduce the height of the window and use additions that will make the light opening smaller, but without changing the overall height of the window. However, in this case it is necessary to take into account that changing the size of one opening will violate general form walls of the house, in which there may be several more windows.
Almost the same thing can happen with a window if you plan to use the window sill for sitting. The window is made longer and lower than usual, but it can also disrupt the overall appearance of the facade. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out such experiments in the absence of other windows and after approval by the architect.
Don't rush to reduce openings
Sometimes it may seem that the designed openings are too large, so there is a strong desire to make them smaller. This can lead to a reduction in the clear area of the house's glazing. It’s better to once again calculate what can happen after subtracting the width of the installation gap, the thickness of the frame itself and the thickness of the window sash from the dimensions of the opening. A thoughtless reduction in openings will cause both a decrease in lighting and an unsightly appearance.
Installation of additional window openings
Particular attention is required when installing window openings in those places on the walls where they were not provided for in advance. Please note that to organize a new opening in load-bearing wall further changes need to be made overall design home, as well as strengthen the wall taking into account the size of the future window. Sometimes in the process of preparing for work it may turn out that it will be impossible to make a new opening. Therefore, before making a decision about constructing an opening in a load-bearing wall, it is better to first consult with a specialist.
Quite often, when repairing old windows, many home owners are faced with the fact that the purchased windows are not suitable in size for installation in the opening. This problem is especially relevant when purchasing products for an apartment in a high-rise building. In “Stalin” buildings the openings have one format, in “Khrushchev” buildings they have a different format. To figure out how to determine standard window sizes, it is worth considering the features of modern designs.
Plastic products
Today plastic windows are one of the most popular in the construction market. Since the formats of openings vary greatly, PVC windows also have a large selection of dimensions. At first they were produced for panel houses. Such designs had dimensions of 120x120, as well as 130x140 cm. The first option is considered generally accepted.
Today you can find models of plastic windows with 1, 2 or 3 sashes. In Khrushchev buildings, the size of the structure is greatly influenced by the size of the plastic window sill.
If the window has 3 sashes, the dimensions of the PVC products will be 240x150 cm. In the case of double-leaf structures, the window size is 145x150 cm. If the room has fairly narrow window sills, PVC products should be selected with the following characteristics -130x135 and 204x135 cm.
Non-compliance with standards can lead to an error of 10 cm. For this reason, plastic structures cannot be standard. This concept is relative.
Non-standard products
Designs with individual characteristics can be made in accordance with the wishes of the customer. Such double-glazed windows do not meet standard standards. Today, such windows are most in demand among many users.
Also, when choosing the size of a product, it is worth considering the principle of operation of the structure. For example, opening a window can be done by turning it to the side. In this case, the height of the structure must exceed its width. The profile thickness will be 70-80 cm. Thanks to this indicator, optimal temperature regime in room.
When installing a non-standard design, it is necessary to ensure that certain proportions are maintained in the dimensions of the horse. Otherwise the profile may become deformed.
Modern technologies for the production of plastic structures provide the possibility of producing products of any size.
Convenient standard sizes
Standard window sizes are determined in accordance with SNiPs and GOST. This documentation defines a number of requirements:
- the size of the rooms in which plastic structures are installed;
- requirements for room lighting;
- purpose of the building;
- level of natural light;
- ability to transmit light.
The dimensions of windows in panel houses of different series can vary by several centimeters.
The already established standard sizes of plastic windows installed in buildings made of panels, as well as in “Stalinka” buildings made of wood and brick, encourage manufacturers to produce structures of specific sizes. This eliminates problems for residents who decide to change wooden window frames for new double glazed windows.
For example, for standard house with 5 floors in Moscow, the standard size is 130x140 cm. For installation in a Khrushchev building, you will need to select products 130x135 cm (minimum) and 145x150 cm (maximum).
When taking into account the type of house, you can select the dimensions of the window structure, as well as calculate the price of the new product. However, if you hire professionals, the effort and time required will be less. Specialists will carry out professional measurements of the opening, depending on which the sizes of PVC windows are selected.
What does size affect?
Often the question of selecting windows of standard sizes arises before purchasing plastic construction. The dimensions of PVC products can deviate greatly from standard parameters. This factor affects the cost of products.
Don't think that custom-made models will cost much more than standard designs. Ready-made products are usually purchased when urgent installation is required.
However, windows that are made in accordance with the specified dimensions will be able to fit perfectly into a specific opening. Therefore, there will be no difficulties during the installation process.
Many companies specializing in the production of plastic structures offer the following services:
- Carrying out the necessary measurements of the opening;
- production of window structures according to specified dimensions;
- delivery of the finished product to the installation site;
- removing the old product and preparing the opening for the window;
- installation of plastic structures, finishing of slopes, as well as installation of window sills.
A large selection of manufacturers allows you to choose suitable models windows
Standard plastic products
Typically, standard plastic windows are products with dimensions of 150x150 cm. They are equipped with fittings and double-glazed windows. Universal is a rather vague concept of PVC products. They are called standard because they are very popular.
There are several types of such windows:
- blind plastic;
- tricuspid - such models are gaining popularity;
- plastic double doors;
- with tilt and turn flap.
Some of the most popular are models manufactured for standard houses with dimensions of 120x120 cm. Designs of 130x135 cm are suitable for “Khrushchev” buildings.
Determination of dimensions
Plastic windows for modern man have become akin to necessity. They have a fairly large number of advantages, and are also attractive appearance. Typically, plastic windows are chosen in standard sizes. Such products comply with GOST and other building codes.
If you need to replace a plastic window yourself, you should learn how to take measurements correctly. To determine the height of a plastic window, follow these steps:
- 2 cm is subtracted from the base of the opening to the outer slope;
- 2.5 cm should be added to the figures obtained. This is necessary for the window to fit normally into the upper quarter.
- if a stand profile is used, 3 cm should be subtracted from the resulting structure.
The dimensions of the double-glazed window are usually made smaller than the window opening, by 3-8 cm. This distance is necessary for the installation seam.
According to individual measurements, plastic windows are produced quite quickly. This allows you to buy a product of optimal dimensions, which is ideal for installation in a specific opening.
The thickness of the window profile, regardless of the height and width of the structure, is usually 70-80 cm. Standard dimensions are determined standard sizes openings. Usually they are calculated based on the standards of “Khrushchev” and panel buildings.
Products made to order will not cost much more standard designs. They should be ordered after the opening has been accurately measured.
Window sills should also be measured. The selection of window blocks depends on their width. Choice optimal performance width and height will ensure correct and quick installation. Besides, great importance has the length of the outer ebb. The window sill board is usually installed close to the substitution profile, which is also important.
Also, before taking measurements, it is worth presenting the work on finishing the opening. Insulation materials, as well as plaster and decorative elements will make some adjustments to the existing indicators. In the case of some windows, the distance from the frame to the sash can vary greatly.
In the case of arched frames, the position of the “heel” should be determined in advance. Both wooden and plastic frames can be carried out according to certain standards. To avoid inconsistencies during installation, it is worth taking accurate measurements in advance.
conclusions
The difference in window opening formats makes you look closer at various options On the market building materials. Double-glazed windows are manufactured for standard structures, which allows you to choose from several varieties.
When purchasing, it is worth remembering the type of sashes and the method of opening them. This will allow you to do right choice. It is also necessary to take into account that even in houses of a certain type, measurements should be taken first. If you are not sure of the accuracy of the results, it is better to invite specialists. This approach will help get rid of unnecessary problems and also avoid serious mistakes.
