What could be better than natural building material? This question can be considered rhetorical. When thinking about natural things, wood immediately comes to mind. She has unique qualities, which cannot be replicated in the laboratory. But don’t forget about natural stone. Its strength and resistance to various influences is amazing. Natural stone is great solution for building the foundation. Why not combine them in one building? How this can be done will be discussed in the article.
What is the advantage
The model of combined houses, where the main materials are wood and stone, is not new. Initially, this solution was used in the Alpine mountains. And this is fair, because all building material was at hand. Stones were used to build the foundation. The first floor could also be made of it, which was used as a storage room for various utensils. Due to heavy snowfalls, the first floor was often covered with snow, but thanks to the stone there was no detrimental effect on the structure. On the second floor of the house there were rooms for the inhabitants. Wood retained heat perfectly, so even strong winds were not scary. Guided by this information, it is easy to highlight the positive aspects regarding combined buildings:
- high strength;
- durability;
- good thermal insulation;
- resistance to various weather conditions;
- availability of material.
When choosing a combined option, it is also important to know about the disadvantages of this structure:
- high cost of the project;
- certain complexity of construction;
- the need for high-quality insulation;
- the need to insulate the basement.
It is worth saying that in modern construction instead of natural stone combined options may be applied various types blocks, and natural stone serves as cladding for them. The cost of such a combined design is significantly higher when compared with frame house, but in terms of strength it surpasses this one. Construction combined building requires a special and attentive approach to details, only in this case will it turn out in the best possible way combine wood and stone. It should not only be practical, but also attractive. building block needs insulation. If this is not done, then significant heat loss will occur through it. The wood must be separated from the building blocks by waterproofing. In its absence, the support beams may rot, which will lead to destruction.
How not to build
The wrong way to combine different building materials can significantly reduce their service life. For example, in some cases the developer proposes to perform partial or complete cladding brick building using wooden lining. From an aesthetic point of view, this interesting solution, but from a practical point of view, you will have to take into account many points and treat the wood in a special way so that it is not subject to putrefactive processes. There were cases when between brickwork and the timber cladding did not provide sufficient clearance. Due to the different expansion coefficient, cracks and deformations appeared in the wood.
Facing wooden structure is also not always a good idea. If the building is assembled from rounded timber, then there is no need for such cladding. Regarding frame houses It's important to be careful. Partial cladding is allowed, as it can add zest to the project, but it is simply impossible to complete a full cladding with stone. It has a significant weight, which the walls and foundation are not designed to support.
Historical background
The best way to construct a combined building will be to understand what they were like originally. Particular attention was paid to the roof. In a combined house, it was necessarily pitched and gently sloping. The angle of inclination was small to reduce windage and reduce wind load. The rafter system was massive, and additional stones were laid on top of the flooring to hold it in place. IN original houses, which are called chalets, the roofs had a large overhang of the roof. In some cases it reached three meters. This was done to achieve two goals:
- protect the wooden part of the house;
- collect more snow.
The large overhang of the combined house perfectly protected its wooden part from the effects of precipitation. With constant contact with moisture and water, wood loses its shape and may dry out. In addition, in rainy weather it was possible to do certain things under such slopes. In summer, a wide overhang protected residents from the scorching sun. A large overhang also increases the area of the roof itself. The larger it is, the more snow can be retained on it. Snow serves as a natural insulator, which reduces heat loss through the roof. Attic floor in combined chalets has always been residential.
Pay attention! This approach can also be used in modern construction of combined houses where it is possible. climatic conditions. Under a wide overhang, for example, you can organize a terrace.
Roofing in classic version wooden shingles protruded from the combined house. It was made from aspen, cedar, larch or oak wood. The elements were fixed to rafter system wooden nails. Such flooring for a combined house could easily be made independently. The advantage was the ease of repair, as well as excellent sound insulation. From modern materials an excellent replacement it will become soft bitumen shingles. It can be chosen to match the overall structure, which will allow it not to disturb the harmony.
One of the notable features of the house, which is made by combining materials, is a wide balcony. It was covered with a canopy at the top and was a continuation of the second floor. It was supported by wooden piles. A similar approach can be applied in modern combined houses. Good decision There will also be the use of French windows, which will blur the line between the room and nature.
Finished projects
An interesting completed project for a combined house made of stone and wood can be seen in the photo above. The basis of a combined house is natural stone, and not modern block. This approach made it possible to perfectly fit the house into the landscape. A natural hill was chosen as the site for the construction of the combined house, so a garage was built below, the entrance to which was also paved with natural stone. Stone is also present in a fragmented finish, which made it possible to erase the boundary between stone and wood. The roof is tiled, and the overhangs are made with sufficient projection.
The photo above shows another one interesting project cottage combined house. This option for a combined structure will look great outside the city. The lower part of the building is fragmentarily trimmed with stone, and the upper part is assembled from timber. There is a large terrace in front of the entrance, and on the second floor there is a balcony, which is protected from precipitation by roof overhangs. The basis of the combined building is strip foundation, and the terrace is set to columnar. This allows you to reduce costs and not lose strength.
Above is another option for a combined house. Its peculiarity is that it already looks like a chalet, but like a Russian hut. The wooden part of the combined house is made of rounded timber. This achieved excellent thermal insulation in the combined building. For the windows of the combined house, frames from plastic profile, which have lamination. The foundation of the house is recessed and the outside is finished with stone. Soft tiles harmonize perfectly with the materials.
The combined building, which can be seen in the photo above, is presented in a modern minimalist design. Its upper part is built frame method, which made it possible to reduce the load on the first floor.
This project is an example of combinations in façade decoration. The combined building is built from wooden beam. The roof slopes have a small angle of inclination and wide overhangs. The corner of the house and the base are finished with natural stone. There is not much of it, so it does not put much pressure on the walls. On the first and second floors of the combined building there are French windows, which occupy the entire height of the wall.
This combined house project is excellent example how you can beautifully combine two different building materials. As you can see, combined house built according to frame technology. Its first floor is decorated with natural stone. The support pillars on which part of the combined building rests are also covered with natural stone. On top there is a large terrace where you can sunbathe.
In this project, everything is thought out to the smallest detail and perfectly combined. Under the upper terrace of the combined house there is a recreation area, which is perfectly protected from precipitation. The area near the first floor of the combined house is filled with concrete and does not protrude above ground level, which makes it possible to eliminate sharp transitions. Natural stone is not only present on the lower level, but is also visible on the chimney and part of the second floor. The roof finish is very similar to that used in the classic version of the chalet. A video about the combined house project is below.
Resume
As you can see, combined houses fit perfectly into nature. They can be built on the edge of a forest or near a pond. With the correct design and approach to the construction of a combined building, it provides comfort and warmth even in severe frosts. The microclimate inside the combined structure is balanced. This is due to the fact that natural materials are vapor permeable, which does not interfere with partial air exchange. But this does not exclude the need to equip the structure with a good ventilation system.
Combined houses made of stone and wood, the designs of which usually include a brick (stone, concrete) first (ground) floor and wooden second (attic ) is an attempt to level out the disadvantages of some materials at the expense of the advantages of others. Stone (brick) is very strong, durable and reliable material, but at the same time it takes a very long time to warm up and requires both internal and often external finishing work.
Wood is an environmentally friendly and healthy material with excellent thermal insulation, but it is also very fire hazardous and relatively short-lived. Combining these materials allows you to minimize costs, ensuring maximum energy savings and high construction speed.
Features of designing combined houses
House designs using stone and wood have a fairly long architectural history. These include half-timbered houses, who have wooden frame filled with stones, or alpine chalets, which were originally the dwellings of shepherds.
However, the construction of a combined house made of wood and stone was quite common in Russian architecture - in the 19th century, enterprising middle-class merchants, minimizing costs, built two-story houses, in which the first floor made of stone was “business” - it housed a store (shop) or office. But the second floor was allocated for living space.
A combined stone-wood house will allow you to make the most of strengths each material:
- the use of brick (stone, concrete blocks) - a non-combustible material - on the ground floor is quite justified, because there is a living room with fireplace, kitchen, possibly a garage and other rooms with an increased risk of fire. In addition, in this case it will be easier to obtain permission and install the boiler on the ground floor
- durability - to the greatest negative impact(moisture, fungus, mold, insects) are exposed to lower crowns wooden house, close to the ground. The first floor, built of brick, will last for decades without reducing reliability, because brick is practically not affected by negative natural factors, and wood will be protected from moisture and the influence of groundwater
Advice! When designing combined houses, you can abandon the high foundation characteristic of wooden houses– brick withstands moisture well.
- profitability - in financially a combined brick + wood house will cost less than a complete house brick house, and this is only if we take into account the cost of the material. It is worth considering additional costs: insulation brick walls, finishing work, heating the residential floor - the financial benefits will be especially noticeable
- energy efficiency - wood retains heat much better than brick, which will save on heating the living area, but you should not neglect the insulation of the basement
- combining materials will significantly reduce total weight buildings, so you can further save on laying the foundation
Advice! To further reduce weight, the second floor can be constructed using non-material timber or rounded logs, but use frame technology
- speed of construction - both the brick and wooden parts of the house are built quite quickly, but while the wooden part is shrinking (this can take up to a year for rounded logs, for laminated veneer lumber this is not very significant), you can finish the first floor and even move into it
- aesthetics - combining materials allows you to get a very unusual and attractive exterior; such designs make it possible to implement interesting and non-standard design solutions and approaches.
The first floor, built of brick, is distinguished by its excellent practical advantages - it is stable, strong, ideal for equipment bathrooms, laundry room, boiler room, mini-swimming pool, heated garage, as well as a kitchen, dining room and living room. The second floor, built of wood, is distinguished by an atmosphere of comfort and warmth, thanks to its natural qualities, wood provides natural air exchange and humidity regulation, so it is optimal to equip rooms with a minimum engineering communications and installations - bedrooms, children's rooms, office.
In modern construction, there is a gradual abandonment of brick in favor of aerated concrete or other types cellular concrete. First of all, they are lighter, which allows for additional savings on laying the foundation. Important point– with the same strength, aerated concrete has significantly best performance thermal insulation than brick. But the second floor can be built from rounded logs, profiled or laminated timber, or frame method.
There are two approaches to designing the facade of combined houses:
- single style - in this case the whole house is decorated in the same style, the difference between floors is completely eliminated, for which it can be used as decorative plaster, and siding. Brick floor can be finished imitation timber, block house, clapboard, etc., so that visually the house is completely wooden
- different designs - the second floor in this case remains untouched (the wood can only be additionally painted or varnished), the first floor is finished decorative bricks or plaster, tiles, stone (natural or artificial).
During the construction of combined houses special attention will require a transition from a brick part to a wooden one. Between floors, reinforcing metal pins are used as a connecting element - placing them in the upper rows of brick (stone) masonry, they are used to secure the first crowns of the second floor. A prerequisite is the creation of a waterproofing layer, for which you can use roofing felt, polyurethane foam and other materials that will provide protection wooden structures from moisture.
The desire to have your own country house forces many residents of the metropolis to invest fabulous sums in construction. And the more intricate the cottage project, the greater the construction financing should be. At the same time the price finished house depends to a large extent on the material used for construction. And since stone is mainly used for assembling houses in Russia, a cottage costs a pretty penny. However, there is a very productive method of saving a family money on building their own nest - cozy and durable houses made of stone and wood. So, as a result of a combination of materials, it will be possible to save on the installation of the entire structure.
Types of combined houses
The use of diverse building materials in the construction of houses has been known to history since the 15th century. And the main harmonious combination was a combination of stone and wood. This tandem allows you to make a powerful load-bearing base (or first floor) and install a lightweight version of the second floor or attic made of wood above it. The most popular examples of such combinations are:
- Half-timbered houses. They originate from Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. The construction of such buildings is based on a wooden frame, which is filled with natural stone blocks. Or this same timber frame is mounted on a pre-arranged stone lower floor. The house takes on the contours of reliability, massiveness and strength.
- Chalet houses. They are also familiar as hunter's houses. These buildings came into architecture from the mountain Alps, where shepherds and hunters equipped themselves with housing in order to shelter from the changeable weather of the mountains. Snow or unexpected winds, rain or hot sun - all this could overtake the shepherd in the mountains at any moment. It was as a shelter that strong chalet cottages were built, based on a strong stone (ground) floor and wooden attic, sheltered from snow and wind by a sloping roof. Such a house made of wood and stone has today turned into a special style of architectural direction.
Important: the basic rule when combining materials in construction is to install a lighter floor above a heavier one. And even if the house has three floors, bearing capacity building materials should decrease from bottom to top. For example, a concrete ground floor, then the first floor is made of blocks or bricks, the third floor is exclusively wooden.
Types of material combinations
The construction of combined buildings is similar to the work of a sculptor. Here you can interpret it in such a way that the finished cottage turns out to be unlike any of the neighboring ones. In this case, the developer most often uses the following types of combinations:
- Monolithic reinforced concrete and rounded logs. Here coarser chopped round timber can be used manual processing. Note that a reliable reinforced concrete level acts as a basement semi-basement floor. It is subsequently sheathed on the outside with clinker tiles or simply plastered. The use of a reinforced concrete monolith in the form of a basement floor is relevant on non-heaving soils with a low level of groundwater.
- A combination of a brick first floor with lighter and smoother timber. In this case, either a strip reinforced concrete foundation is installed under the house, or monolithic slab. Everything depends on the type of soil on the site and the level groundwater on it. It is worth noting that bricks and timber, having a perfectly even shape, create an original tandem for installing a house in the style of half-timbered construction.
- You can also build a three-story house from combined materials. Combined houses made of foam blocks and wood on top of a monolithic basement level are relevant here. At the same time, the final appearance will purchase a house thanks to the developer chosen exterior finishing stone floors. The tree will speak for itself.
- And there is also a cheaper combination of materials from timber or logs on the first floor and a frame-panel structure on the second. But this technology is used for small cottages and save a lot if you want.
Important: in any case of installing a stone first level, the fire safety of the finished house increases several times. Since it is in the basement (lower) level of the house that all utility and utility rooms are located, such as a kitchen, garage, boiler room, workshop, fireplace room, etc.
Advantages of houses made of combined materials
The construction of a combined house has a number of advantages compared to the installation of a homogeneous cottage. Especially if it was originally planned to build the entire house out of stone. So, the main positive aspects of such a construction are:
- Significant savings in the construction budget. Moreover, money is saved not only due to the cost of diverse materials - stone and wood. The estimate melts before our eyes as a result of the fact that houses made of brick or blocks and timber ultimately have less mass than a completely stone building. As a result, a lightweight type of foundation can be installed under such a house. But it is the basis that most often costs about 30-40% of the entire construction budget. In addition, you will be able to save on hiring workers to install the cottage. That is, the payment to masons will be less than if they built completely stone house. And renting special equipment for building a combined house is cheaper.
- Wide architectural possibilities. Most often, non-standard designs of combined houses made of brick and wood are used to construct combined houses. Here, the extensions of the left or right wing of the house may predominate as an area for a utility room. At the same time, this area of the cottage is also reliably protected from precipitation by a sloping roof, like any other part of the house. You can also hide from prying eyes all utility rooms in ground floor, and only the cozy and comfortable rooms of the first floor and attic will be left for guests to see. Stained glass glazing, an attic balcony under the roof or a spacious terrace on the eastern part of the cottage are used as the surroundings of the house.
- It is also worth noting that you can move into a combined house immediately, but using only the first or basement floor. Since the stone is not subject to natural shrinkage, it interior decoration the lower level can be performed immediately upon completion of construction. The upper wooden level should be given time to shrink and only after that begin interior work.
- The heat capacity of a combined house will be several times higher than that of a house made entirely of stone. After all, wood retains heat perfectly, which means high-quality heating of the first floor can be ensured optimal temperature second level. This, by the way, saves money on maintaining a finished house.
- In addition, the stone lower floor is more resistant to seasonal changes in the soil, and therefore ensures a longer service life of the finished cottage.
- In addition, it is the wooden part of the combined stone-wood house that ensures optimal microcirculation throughout the entire room. After all, wood breathes constantly, regardless of temperature changes outside and inside the building.
However, the combined cottage also has one significant disadvantage - the difference in the service life of building materials. Thus, stone can provide a house with a life of 100 years or more. While the upper level of the cottage, made of timber or logs, will require repair in 30-40 years. However, this nuance can also be interpreted as a positive point - there is a chance to redesign the attic level to suit the needs of an increasing family. That is, both children and grandchildren can be provided with separate spacious room in a cozy strong house.
Nuances of building a combined structure
In order to competently combine two types of building materials into a single and strong monolithic structure, several basic requirements must be met:
- So, you need to combine wood with stone using special steel pins mounted in the masonry. In this case, the stone surface must be waterproofed before installing wooden crowns.
- Wood, in turn, must be treated with antiseptics and fire retardants before laying in order to increase its fire safety and resistance to rot.
- The stone part of the house is finished with plaster or cladding. A decorative design wooden level if necessary, carry out using lining. Although wood is an independent and harmonious building material.
Features of the design of combined buildings
In order for a house made of aerated concrete (brick, foam concrete or reinforced concrete monolith) to become a real haven for the whole family, several nuances must be taken into account during its construction (at the design stage):
- So, in the lower part of the cottage all utility, utility and public premises are usually located. If the house has only two levels, then recreation rooms such as a billiard room, fireplace, or living room will also be arranged here. At the same level, but away from the “noisy” rooms, you can also arrange an office. If the house is supposed to have a basement level, then this is where everything is arranged household rooms. On the ground floor there is a kitchen, dining room, fireplace and office. And already in the attic they design all the rooms for sleeping. You can also place a children's room here.
- An excellent solution is offered by such house designs, where a room for a family business is arranged on the ground floor. This could be a workshop or atelier, a small shop or an office. Autumn is a convenient time to work as a family without leaving home and without wasting time on the road to the workplace.
Advice: but in this case, you should make sure that all household members have a separate entrance to the house, hidden from prying eyes. It would be better if it was a courtyard hidden by a fence. Such a project of a combined house - great option for a large family.
Today, people who are planning to build a residential building may notice that there are a lot of building options. A house made of brick and timber is popular among owners of private plots. Not surprising, because such buildings have a whole series significant advantages that indicate that such buildings have the right to life. 
Project option for a combined brick and timber house
Construction of a house with a large attic
Both projects of combined houses made of brick and timber, as well as lining wooden houses with bricks, are popular. Both options are quite worthy of finding their place in the private sector. Before you finally place a bet on such a structure, you need to familiarize yourself with the advantages of such structures.
First of all, the choice of such buildings is chosen by people who are tired of the banality and want something fundamentally new. In fact, combined houses have recently begun to appear in private sectors. 
An example of finishing the first floor with decorative bricks 
That is why not everyone has heard of such structures, and only a few have seen them in reality. Everything new is attractive and interesting. Therefore, it is worth paying tribute to the architects, and also thoroughly studying all the features of such buildings.
A combined house is most often chosen by people who:
These are just some of the factors that become key when choosing such designs.
People who chose the option in one building are satisfied with the result of their work or the work of the construction company.
What are the advantages of combined houses made of brick and timber
Read also
Projects of houses and cottages in the chalet style
What materials are chosen for such buildings?
It is worth understanding what kind of raw materials are used for the construction of combined houses.
Like any building material, timber has several varieties. 
Design and construction of a combined building 
Depending on the requirements and wishes of the owner of a private plot, you can choose the following types of timber:
Profiled
Such bars fit very tightly to each other. Therefore, this material is not required additional treatments and grinding. 
Diagram with size and connection of profiled timber 
Existing options for locks for profiled timber
That is, this option is ideal if you don’t want to put a lot of effort into the finished look of the building. 
Not profiled
The advantage of this material is its relatively low pricing policy. However, such raw materials are used extremely rarely for the construction of combined houses due to the fact that their quality parameters are quite low.
Glued
This material is widely used for the construction of combined houses. has high heat resistance and also provides sound insulation. 
Glued laminated timber for cottage assembly 
This material is considered the most reliable and durable for building combined houses. This kind of material will help you build a house of brick and timber that will last for decades.
Some people prefer to build a house made of timber, lined with brick. 
This helps to ensure an aesthetically attractive appearance of the structure, as well as significant savings on repair work indoors.
Projects of houses made of brick and timber
Of course, the owners land plot can independently decide what the finished house structure will look like. However, it is much smarter and more economical to purchase a ready-made one. This will help:
All these factors indicate that the project is profitable and reasonable. Despite the fact that I finished project costs some money, if you analyze the benefits, it is cheaper to initially erect a building that is ideal in its design than to correct errors later, which also costs money.
It's no secret that time does not stand still. Today, a wide range of materials are used for the construction of low-rise buildings. So, brick houses, which enjoy considerable popularity, are characterized by reliability and fire safety, and wooden ones are environmentally friendly.
What if we combine these materials under one roof?
Wood and brick - a smart combination
Combined houses made of wood and brick can easily be called a highlight suburban construction. In terms of consumer demand, they may be inferior to brick ones. But this does not mean that they cannot be called popular.
Buildings of this type have a number of advantages and disadvantages, which will be discussed below.
Advantages and disadvantages of combined houses made of brick and wood
A positive aspect is also the remoteness of the wooden part of the house from the ground, because it is not subject to the destructive effects of ground moisture.
Important!
Among the main disadvantages of brick-wooden houses, it should be noted the need for special processing of wood that protects it from adverse factors.
Brick and timber - a balance of strength and comfort
Among buildings that elegantly combine brick and wood, combined houses made of brick and timber are quite popular. These two materials “converge” perfectly under one roof, complementing each other.
The massive basement and first floor are the key to reliability and durability. The timber is wood, so it holds heat very well. In addition, the tree breathes, and this is the key to a favorable microclimate.
One more positive characteristic The advantage of brick-and-beam houses is their rapid erection. It should also be mentioned that the timber second floor does not need finishing, as it has a very pleasant and aesthetic appearance.
Combined houses made of timber and brick of the same layout can vary significantly in the cost of their construction. The decisive factor in this matter is the building materials necessary for the construction of a particular dwelling, or rather their price.
Both timber and brick have many varieties.
Thus, in the construction of such houses the following types of timber can be used:
- unprofiled- a building material used everywhere. However, it is not used very often for the construction of combined houses, since in many respects it is inferior to other types of timber;
- profiled- this type has gained greater recognition in combined construction. The logs fit together very tightly, so floors made of profiled timber, as a rule, do not need caulking;
- glued- high-quality building material with high heat and sound insulation properties. Combined houses made of brick and laminated veneer lumber, or rather their wooden floors, have high strength, since timber of this type is produced by alternately gluing lamellas with different fiber directions.
Important!
When producing laminated veneer lumber, all defective areas of wood are removed, which helps to increase the strength of the material.
Another material whose price significantly affects the cost of everything combined project, is a brick. Its price is determined by a number of factors. So, for example, double sand-lime brick M 150 and red building brick differ in quality characteristics and area of application and, as a result, have different prices.
Advice!
Due to the fact that brick is a fireproof material, a kitchen and living room with a fireplace can be located on the ground floor, and the ground floor is perfect for a garage, boiler room and workshop.
The second floor, made of environmentally friendly wood, is an ideal place for a bedroom, children's room and personal office.
Brick and timber house project
As you can see in the photo, the house has an aesthetic appearance. It is perfect for both seasonal country holidays and permanent residence. Having studied the house plan, we can safely say that this building has not only a beautiful exterior, but also undeniable functionality.
The ground floor of this house has five utility rooms that can be used for various purposes. So, a storage room and a workshop will perfectly find their place on this floor.
The basement with a total area of 142.47 sq.m can be used not only as a utility floor; the decisive factor in this matter is the flight of imagination of the home owners. For example, on the ground floor you can create a small corner of comfort and privacy by arranging it with your own hands, based on your own ideas about a cozy holiday.
A spacious living room, a bright kitchen and dining room, as well as a laundry room, so necessary for any housewife, are conveniently located on the ground floor. It should be noted that there is a separate room for a wardrobe.
If the first floor is designed for receiving guests and pleasant time with family for dining table, then the attic is a place of concentration and relaxation at the same time.
There is a study here, where hours of hard work fly by, as well as two bathrooms and a bedroom, where you can relieve fatigue after a hard day at work. The children's room is also located on this floor. Since the attic is made of wood, then, of course, it makes more sense to place recreation areas there.
Brick and log house - exquisite unity
Another interesting type of buildings, the construction of which uses two different material, is a combined house made of logs and bricks. Such structures have a very aesthetic and attractive appearance and do not require cladding.
Conclusion
The instructions are simple: you just need to order a project and start construction. You can get acquainted with one of the options for combining brick and timber by watching the video in this article.
