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Lesson objectives:
- systematize and generalize students’ knowledge on the topic “Text problems”;
- contribute to the formation of skills to apply techniques: comparison, generalization, highlighting the main thing, transferring knowledge to a new situation, analyze the condition of the problem, draw up a solution model;
- promote the development of skills and abilities to apply mathematical knowledge to solutions practical problems, navigate the simplest drawings and tabular data when solving a problem;
- promote interest in mathematics, activity, mobility, and communication skills.
Lesson objectives:
- Identify the level of students’ preparation in mathematics on this topic, systematize the knowledge gained
- Help in the development and self-realization of the individual’s creative abilities; teach techniques for organizing intellectual work
- Continue to instill in students a respectful attitude towards each other, a sense of camaraderie, a culture of communication, and a sense of responsibility
Preparation for the lesson: Selection of problems for the lesson, selection of presenters and speakers from among the students, preliminary solution of problems by the speaking students and their preparation of poster layouts or presentation slides with solutions to their problems, compilation and preparation general presentation for the lesson, preparing handouts.
Equipment: Interactive whiteboard, presentation for the lesson, posters - layouts with tabular data for tasks No. 2 and No. 3, handouts (Appendix 1), cards with tasks for independent work (Appendix 2)
During the classes
1. Organizational moment
Presenter 1. Today our lesson is devoted to repeating and consolidating the topic “Text Problems”.
Most often you hear from parents and teachers: solve as many problems as possible, be confident in yourself, love mathematics, because it puts your mind in order... After all, the Road can be mastered by those who walk, and mathematics by those who think!
In contrast to these “good tips,” in this lesson you will receive specific recommendations and algorithms for solving word problems. (Presentation. Slide 1-2)
Presenter 2.“Why word problems?” - you ask. (Presentation. Slide 3) Attention: In order to simply pass the Unified State Exam and receive a certificate, it is enough to solve five problems. Common sense dictates that you should choose the easiest ones. It is word problems that are simple, since to solve these problems you do not need to have mathematical abilities. It is important to know some secrets:
First: simple logic and ability to count without a calculator. There is nothing in them except basic arithmetic operations.
Second: The text problem only requires knowledge of the algorithm and the key solution formula, this will ensure success in the exam.
Attention! To learn how to solve word problems, you will need only three to four hours of independent work, that is, two to three lessons. All you need is life experience common sense plus the ability to solve an equation or system of equations.
2. Updating basic knowledge
Presenter 1. But before moving on to the tasks themselves, check yourself.
Let's remember what proportion is. (Presentation. Slide 4)
Presenter 2. In many problems the concept of percentage is used. (Presentation. Slide 5)
Presenter 1. Let us also recall those systems of measures that we know. (Presentation. Slide 6)
Presenter 2. Write it down as a mathematical expression (Presentation. Slide 7)
3. Main part
Presenter 1. So, let's move on to solving typical problems.
We give the floor to Valeria Kostinyuk (Presentation. Slide 8-9).
Library for making bookshelves you need to order 52 identical glasses from one of three companies. The area of each glass is 0.25 m2. Below are prices for glass, as well as glass cutting and edge sanding.
How many rubles will the cheapest order cost?
The speaker draws up the decision on the interactive board (Presentation. Slide 9), enters the actions into the table (Fig. 1).
Solution (Fig. 2):
Answer. 8840 rubles
We give the floor to Maria Utkina and Liza Burdina (Presentation. Slide 10).
Received at the store ceramic tile three types: “Sea Dreams”; “Japanese tunes”; “Heavenly azure.” The tiles come in different sizes and are packaged in boxes. Using the table data, determine in which case the price of one square meter of tiles will be the lowest. Please indicate this price in response.
| Name | Size of one tile (m?m) | Number of tiles per box | Box price (rubles) |
| “Sea Dreams” | 0,4?0,4 | 8 | 896 |
| “Japanese tunes” | 0,4?0,6 | 6 | 936 |
| “Sky Blue” | 0,6?0,2 | 10 | 864 |
Speakers explain the solution to the problem using a mock-up poster.
Solution (Fig. 3):
We give the floor to Sasha Suzdaltseva and Ksenia Galich (Presentation. Slide 11).
The table shows the conditions for bank deposits in three different banks. It is assumed that the client deposits 40,000 rubles into the account for a period of one year.
* After opening a deposit, the specified amount for maintenance is withdrawn from the account. At the end of the year, the deposit increases by the specified amount of interest.
Which bank will have the largest deposit by the end of the year?
In response, indicate the amount of this deposit in rubles.
Speakers explain the solution to the problem using a poster layout (Fig. 4, 5)
Solution (Fig. 5):
Answer. 43164
Task 4 (for movement)
We give the floor to Alexander Shchemerov (Presentation. Slide 12-14).
Fast and freight trains travel towards each other along two parallel railway tracks at speeds of 85 km/h and 80 km/h, respectively. The length of the commodity is 600 meters. Find the length of the fast train if the time it takes to pass the freight train is 24 seconds? Give your answer in meters.
The speaker uses a drawing to explain the solution (Presentation, Slide 14), and writes the computational actions of the solution on the board (Fig. 6).
Let's find the speed of approaching trains: 80 + 85 = 165 (km/h).
Let's convert to m/s: 
Using the Key Distance Formula S=?t,
Let's find the distance traveled by the fast train: 
Subtract the length of the freight train from this distance and get the length of the express train:
Task 5 (to work)
We give the floor to Anna Sokolova (Presentation. Slide 15-18).
Masha can weed a garden bed in 40 minutes, and Dasha in 35 minutes. The girls worked together for the first 14 minutes, and then Dasha left and Masha alone weeded the rest of the bed. How many minutes did it take to weed the bed?
The speaker uses a table (Presentation. Slide 16) and a drawing (Presentation. Slide 17) to explain the solution, and writes the solution to the compiled equation on the board (Fig. 7).
Solution: Presentation. Slide 16-18
Problem 6 (percentage)
We give the floor to Valeria Tsaplina (Presentation. Slide 19).
Trousers are 30% more expensive than a shirt and 22% cheaper than a jacket. By what percentage is a shirt cheaper than a jacket?
The speaker makes a brief note and draws up the solution to the problem on the board (Fig. 8-9).
Solution (Fig. 9):
Problem 7 (percentage)
We invite Marina Faizova (Presentation. Slide 20-21).
On Monday, the company's shares rose in price by a certain number of percent, and on Tuesday they fell in price by the same number of percent. As a result, they began to cost 4% cheaper than when trading opened on Monday. By what percentage did the company's shares rise in price on Monday?
The speaker explains the solution to the problem (Fig. 10).
Solution: Presentation. Slide 21
Problem 8 (for mixtures and alloys)
We give the floor to Irina Bazhenova (Presentation. Slide 22-25).
The first solution contains 40% acid, and the second - 60% acid. By mixing these solutions and adding 5 liters of water, we obtained a 20% solution. If 5 liters of an 80% solution were added instead of water, the result would be a 70% solution. How many liters of 60% acid solution were there initially?
The speaker tells the step-by-step solution to the problem (Presentation. Slide 23-24), and then, after drawing up the system, he allows the students to solve it themselves. Each student checks the result of solving the system (Presentation. Slide 25).
Solution: Presentation. Slide 23-25
4. Independent work by cards (Appendix 2)
Presenter 1. With this we have finished considering all the main types of tasks.
We remembered the algorithms for solving word problems, analyzed the methods for solving them, clearly demonstrated the conditions and process for solving each problem, and, thanks to this, we saw all their pitfalls.
Thank you for your help in preparing and conducting the lesson. Your work will be highly appreciated.
Presenter 2. But for this work not to be in vain, it is necessary to consolidate the material, i.e. independently solving such problems. And now we give you the opportunity to independently test yourself in solving word problems. You will learn the results of independent work in the next lesson.
So let's get started. (Presentation. Slide 26)
Today, reading books is not as important as, say, a few years ago. Modern gadgets We have successfully replaced paper sources of information and not only books. Nobody argues that a computer or smartphone has a lot of advantages. A huge amount of information is contained here, and any book can be read online anywhere and at any time. However, nothing can replace the rustle of pages and the unique smell of a book. And now, as before, there are many who like to sit with a book in their hand.
DIY book rack - the ideal solution for any interior
The question of where to store your favorite publications is most often solved traditionally. For this purpose, bookshelves or cabinets are used for an extensive library. You will say that the time of dusty bulky bookcases has sunk into oblivion. We agree, but they were replaced by mounted unusual shelves, interesting double-sided shelving, glass display cabinets and similar design delights. In this article we will figure out how to make a variety of bookshelves, as well as a bookcase and something else.
Choosing a place to place books and material for making shelves
All kinds of furniture designed to store books are not uncommon in modern stores. However, only hand-made book shelves will fit perfectly into the interior of your home. Such shelves or a closet, built from scrap materials, are a great opportunity to save on updating your decor. In addition, homemade furnishings can become a real art object that attracts the attention of guests.
Before you make a shelf you will need to choose for it appropriate place. Remember, books are afraid of excess moisture and bright sunlight. Therefore, when choosing the ideal place to store books, keep in mind that book shelves should not be placed near a source of moisture, or opposite a south window.
Design - you can think through the design of shelves or racks yourself. Typically, such pieces of furniture are made of wood. Among the advantages of this material are accessibility and environmental friendliness. In addition, you can use any other materials that can only be purchased at construction stores:
- laminated MDF and chipboard;
- parquet boards;
- laminate;
- plastic.
Many of them do not even have to be adjusted to the required dimensions; their width often coincides with the width of the books.
Advice! Remember that chipboard contains toxic compounds, which can negatively affect your health. If you use this material, you must edge the parts with malamine edge. It sticks easily with an iron.
Who said shelves are boring? A bookshelf a la wood, your children will definitely be delighted with this one. And the shelf in the shape of a Christmas tree can be decorated all year round, in addition, it is easily transported to another place. Let's look at how to make such a bookshelf with your own hands and at the same time bring joy to small household members.
It can be made from plywood. Having an approximate diagram at hand, creating your own drawings will not be difficult. The diagram in the figure is a good starting point. It can be modified when preparing drawings of individual elements in accordance with the dimensions desired result.
Operating procedure:
- After the diagrams of the product elements are ready, transfer them to the material and cut out the parts with a jigsaw or fine-toothed saw.
- Connect the finished elements using glue and nails of a suitable size.
- You will need very small nails and work with them carefully so as not to damage the fragile material.
- Before assembling the parts, treat the plywood with a special antiseptic solution. This way you can extend the life of a wooden product.
- Also be sure to sand all cuts. This will protect you and your children from splinters and abrasions.
- If desired, parts can be painted before assembly. To achieve the final resemblance to the forest beauty, use green paint.
A Christmas tree isn't the only thing your bookend can look like. Designs in the form of honeycombs look very unusual.
To create such beauty you need to have minimal skills and knowledge, a standard set of tools and materials, and of course desire.
It’s very easy to make a diagram of such a shelf yourself. All wooden elements must have the same length and end cuts at an angle of 30º. You just need to carefully consider the number of cells and their location.
It is advisable to immediately assemble the entire structure and only then secure it to the wall.
Operating procedure:
- Cut it out required amount wooden elements.
- Sand the cuts thoroughly with sandpaper or a sander.
- Treat with a protective agent.
- Secure the structure with glue and screws, bolts or metal brackets.
- Paint or stain it, it will give the wood a more expensive look. Coat the product with varnish.
- After drying, place it in the intended place.
For a small apartment and a small number of books, you can make a cozy hanging shelf, although it will also fit well in the kitchen. Even a novice carpenter can make such bookshelves.
All you need is the right material ( wooden boards, furniture panels or plywood), as well as ropes for fastening the structure.
Operating procedure:
- Make the required number of shelves according to your dimensions.
- Drill holes for the rope.
- Process the workpieces using a grinder or sandpaper.
- Cover with stain, paint, varnish (to your taste).
- All that remains is to secure the structure with a rope. To do this, strong knots are tied or pegs are inserted.
- Such a shelf should be attached to the wall using metal carabiners and hooks.
Advice! When creating a shelf for a nursery, do not forget to ask your child to take part in decorating the product. This way you will not only please him, but also make him feel important and that his advice is valuable to you.
Classic shelving
Making a rack with your own hands is a little more troublesome than just a shelf. Its production requires a more thoughtful approach. Let's figure out how to make a classic bookcase yourself.
This option for storing books seems to be the most preferable due to its functionality. The rack, depending on its size, can be attached to the wall, or can help zone the space in the room. It can be used not only to store books, but also to place various small items.
Using a shelving unit you can zone the space.
To create a rack you will need detailed drawings of the product. In addition, you should decide in advance on the choice of material from which it will be made; the budget of the event directly depends on this. Racks made of precious wood look great in a classic interior. However this is not cheap option. We recommend in in this case take advantage modern means for covering wooden products. They will allow you to refine cheap material.
However, wood can be used if the interior of your home is designed in classic notes. If the apartment is dominated by high-tech or techno style, then it is advisable to prefer other materials. For example, drywall, which is perfect for creating wall structures.
To create a classic wooden rack, you will need a regular carpenter's kit:
- material (wood, plywood, MDF, chipboard or other material at least 2 cm wide). The approximate width of the shelves of the book rack is 20 cm;
- saw or jigsaw;
- sandpaper or sander;
- screws and screwdriver;
- protective antiseptic;
- stain, paint, varnish (at your discretion);
- drill;
- level;
- roulette.
Operating procedure:
- First of all, you will need to prepare drawings of the desired result. It is advisable to draw a diagram of cutting the material.
- Apply drawings to the material and cut into the required number of parts. You can use the services of the store where the material was purchased. Modern construction stores offer services for cutting material, as well as edging it.
- Next, make cuts at the junction of the vertical and horizontal parts. And through holes in the side walls at the attachment points. Attention, the diameter of the drill should be slightly smaller size screws.
- Sand the cut areas with a sander.
- Use a screwdriver or screwdriver to connect the parts. Before joining, if necessary, treat the material with prepared products to protect and add color, and apply varnish.
- If a back wall is also needed, then it is best to make it from fiberboard. To do this, cut out a piece of the appropriate size and attach it to the back.
All that remains is to install the manufactured piece of furniture.
Bookshelf
DIY bookcase, what could be better? This option with doors is most suitable for storing books. Storing books in a locked place will keep them longer long time, and will also protect you from exposure to dust.
Before you do bookshelf its design must be carefully considered. Fortunately, there simply can be no restrictions here. Cabinets can be:
- with or without doors;
- horizontal or vertical;
- cabinet or built-in;
- modular, corner and so on.
To create a cabinet it is preferable to use MDF boards, and for the back wall there is fiberboard or masonite.
Traditionally, shelves in a closet are attached using brackets or corners, but shelves cut into the sides look more aesthetically pleasing, but this requires a milling tool and a special attachment for drill routing.
Once all the parts are ready, you can begin assembly. For structural strength, it is recommended to fasten the shelves using screws. However, you can get by with glue.
The cover is secured with pre-countersunk screws. The faceplates are connected using glue and wooden dowels. The upper and lower pads are attached using glue and connecting pads screwed on the inside.
You can use moldings for decoration.
The bookcase is ready.
Storage space for books and small items made from scrap materials
As you can see self-production storage space for books is not a troublesome task, and if you use obsolete items for this, it is also very affordable. To create bookshelves with your own hands from scrap materials, you just need to show a little ingenuity and imagination and old useless thing will be able to acquire a second life.
Moreover, you can make a shelf out of a book with your own hands.
Invisible stands that create the effect of levitation of books will also look unusual.
Now you know how to make all kinds of bookshelves with your own hands. All that remains is to bring your most daring projects to life.
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The age of electronics is inexorably pushing books out of our lives. Indeed, an electronic gadget can accommodate an entire collection of popular reading material in a small tablet. But you must admit how pleasant it is to leaf through a real volume, admire the embossed cover, and enjoy the comfort of your home library. The editors of the site have prepared tips for you on how to choose the right shelves for books. We'll talk about how to mount a shelving unit on the wall and look at original design ideas.
Books in the house are a sign of the education of its owners
Not everyone can afford to allocate a separate room for their home library. Most often, favorite books are placed in the bedroom, children's literature - in the child's room.
Modern designers offer many original and practical ideas. Lately, modular shelving has become especially popular. They can change their appearance and design, move, assemble into podiums. Such models will appeal to those who like to make rearrangements.
Classic wall shelves never go out of style. They are reliable, static and can be decorated in the style of your interior. And there are plenty here interesting ideas for implementation. Let's consider several options that can be used in a house or apartment.
Classics of the genre: wall-mounted bookshelves
Hanging shelves for books can be bought at any furniture store. Their range is quite wide, and you can easily select models that match the main headset.
Conventionally, wall shelves can be divided into several types:
| View | Description |
|---|---|
| Classic | Simple and lightweight shelves different shapes attached to load-bearing walls and can be assembled in rows or complex compositions. They can be in the form of a simple board, placed flat or at an angle. |
| Corner | For maximum use of room space, corner bookshelves - great option. They fill a usually empty corner and are attached to both adjacent walls. Shelves can be mounted on internal and external corners. |
| Hanging | If you want something unusual, hang the shelf on a beam or from the ceiling against the wall. Hanging structure It must be reliable and firmly fixed, because books weigh a lot. |
Wall-mounted book shelves are great because they save space.
Built-in bookshelves made of plasterboard
If your walls have suitable niches, you can install plasterboard shelves in them. Using plasterboard, you can create unusual shelves for books on the walls near windows and doors. It is easy to integrate lighting into such racks.
The only disadvantage of this solution is the fragility of the material. Such structures require additional frame reinforcement; heavy volumes should not be installed on them.
Related article:
Methods for attaching shelves to the wall
Neat and durable fastening – important point in installing shelves. There are several types of fasteners:
- Hidden– bolts or nails are invisible on such fasteners. The shelf seems to hang in the air, and the main load is distributed on a metal console hidden behind the back wall.
- bracket– the metal holder is attached to the wall separately, and then the shelf is placed on it and fixed in special grooves.
- Corner or loop– this type of fastener does not look as neat as others, but it is characterized by increased strength. Corners add strength to the structure, and built-in hinges allow you to raise or lower the shelf as needed.
- Glass fasteners– this is a special type of canopy that allows you to accurately and firmly fix glass panel on the wall.
Important! When choosing a shelf mount, pay attention to the permissible load indicator.
If you are going to use original idea, first evaluate it according to several parameters:
Shelves made of wood or plywood are easy to cut yourself using a saw, but glass surfaces It’s better to order from a workshop. At home, it is difficult to properly process the edge or perform figure cutting. You might like the ideas of using scrap materials to make bookcases.
Master class: do-it-yourself small wooden bookshelf
A small shelf is suitable for this, which can be installed on a windowsill, table or even on the floor. To make it you will need a sheet of multi-layer plywood, a jigsaw, a ruler, sandpaper and wood glue. Step by step description process:
| Photo | Description |
|---|---|
 | On a sheet of plywood you need to draw the outline of a sheep, horse, dog or any other animal, if this is a shelf for a child. For an adult’s room, you can limit yourself to abstract contours. |
 | Using a jigsaw, cut out the main part along the drawn outline. |
 | Three grooves need to be drawn on the workpiece: two at the bottom and one at the top. |
 | The thickness of the groove should be equal to the thickness of the material from which you are making the shelf. |
 | This is what the workpiece looks like with finished lower grooves. |
 | The legs of the shelf are two semicircular parts with grooves cut out on top. |
 | The third vertical part is made with a groove at the bottom. IN assembled form it looks like this. |
 | For the surface on which the books will stand, you need to mark a perpendicular line on all inserts. Use a building level for this purpose. |
 | On the vertical inserts, guides for the shelf should be cut out with a jigsaw. |
 | The shelf itself is a long piece with three grooves. |
 | During final assembly, all grooves must be treated with wood glue. |
 | The shelf for children's books is ready. It can be painted, decorated with decoupage, or left as is. |
Master class: DIY book rack
The simplest shelving can be made from ordinary planed and sanded boards.
There is nothing better than shelves for organizing space in rooms, as well as for decorating the interior. Comfortable, functional, original form, they help to conveniently arrange a lot of things and give the rooms a more comfortable look. Making shelves on the wall with your own hands is not at all difficult, and you can use a wide variety of materials - wood, fiberboard, glass, pieces of tin, plywood.
| Types of Wall Shelves | Description |
|---|---|
| Classic | This type of shelves is the most common due to its simplicity, aesthetic appearance and ease of installation. They represent a huge flight of fancy: from simple square to creative asymmetrical shapes |
| Corner | This type of wall shelves differs in the method of fastening - it is carried out on adjacent adjacent walls. Most often they are installed in utility rooms and bathrooms. |
| Hanging | This original way creating a shelf involves attaching a simple structure to the ceiling using cables or vertical posts |
| Floor-standing | This wall shelf is a floor support design. This type of product is especially relevant in hallways, as well as large rooms, where you don’t have to think about wasting space |
| Open and closed shelves on the wall | Wall shelves can be designed, for example, with or without glass |
Making a simple wooden shelf
Wood is the most convenient material to work with. Wooden shelves are simple, complex shape, open and closed, vertical, horizontal and angular. Taking as a basis basic version, you can assemble a shelf from several modules and give it the most incredible look. In order for the product to serve for a long time, you should choose the right wood: the boards must be perfectly flat, completely dry, without cracks, voids or traces of mold.
During the assembly process you will need:
- hacksaw;
- drill;
- building level;
- pencil and ruler;
- boards 16 mm thick;
- stain;
- wood varnish;
- sander;
- screws, brackets, dowels.
The example used is a simple rectangular shelf 250mm wide, 300mm high and 1100mm long.
Step 1. Marking
The boards are laid flat on the table and the measurements are transferred from the drawing. The height of the side walls should be 268 mm, since they will be located between the top and bottom: wall height + board thickness x 2 = 300 mm.
Step 2. Cutting the boards
If the markings exactly match the diagram, you can start cutting. It is best to use a jigsaw for this, then the cuts will be perfectly smooth and neat. You should end up with 2 long pieces and 2 short ones.
Step 3. Processing of blanks
Before starting assembly, each workpiece must be sanded, stained and varnished. If you plan to simply paint a shelf, the blanks are processed - this increases their service life and makes the paint apply more evenly.
Step 4. Assembling the product
The bottom board is laid flat on flat surface. From the ends of the workpiece, retreat 8 mm and draw 2 straight lines parallel to the cuts. Now on these lines you need to mark two points at a distance of 5 cm from the edge, and drill holes there for the screws. The same is done with the top blank. When all the holes are ready, install the side blanks on the bottom board and tighten the screws. Place a second board on top and also fix the side walls with self-tapping screws.
Brackets are attached to the ends of the side walls, holes are drilled in the wall for dowels, self-tapping screws are inserted and tightened so that they protrude by about 5 mm. The dowels must be positioned strictly horizontally, so before drilling, mark a line using a level. Now all that remains is to attach the brackets to the fasteners and hang the shelf. If desired, the back wall of the product can be filled with a piece of plywood, and glass can be inserted in front.
To make such a simple shelf more original, you can replace one side wall with a stump of a thick branch. To do this, choose an even branch with a diameter of about 7-8 cm with smooth, clean bark, saw off a piece 28 cm long, and cut off all the side shoots. The chock is treated with a primer, dried and varnished. There is no need to remove the bark. After the varnish has dried, the workpiece is inserted between the upper and lower boards and screwed tightly with self-tapping screws.
Based on this drawing you can make various variations wall shelves. For example, reduce the length to 400 mm and make 3-4 blocks at once. Then install them on top of each other in a checkerboard pattern and secure them together using metal plates. Or simply mount them on the wall separately, placing them at a short distance from each other.
Often, to save space, shelves are made corner, and they can be mounted both in the inner and outer corners.
The blanks are made according to the scheme described above, only the upper and lower boards consist of two elements, with the ends cut at an angle. The process of making such a shelf is quite simple:
- the halves of the top board are coated at the ends with glue and clamped with clamps;
- repeat the same actions with the bottom board;
- when the glue dries, all workpieces are covered with stain or primed;
- Attachment lines are marked on the upper and lower workpieces and holes are drilled;
- insert the side walls and secure them with self-tapping screws.
| Wall shelf materials | Advantages and disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Wood: plywood, chipboard, MDF and others | This material is relatively easy to work with, it looks beautiful, natural and impressive, its service life is quite long, especially if pre-processed |
| Plastic | This material is the most versatile; it can imitate both wood and stone, while eliminating their shortcomings |
| Metal | Such wall shelves will be very strong, reliable and durable, but classic interior They will fit in with difficulty. In addition, corrosion can also be a problem, so metal products Requires special processing and conditions |
| Glass | Transparent wall shelves will create an atmosphere of lightness and comfort in your home. Of course, it will be quite difficult to make a glass structure with your own hands, but if you nevertheless decide to do all the work yourself, then you will have to work with glass for quite a long time and very carefully, especially if various cutouts are planned in the shelf design |
Original shelves for books
Shelves non-standard shape are in increasing demand, so if you wish, you can try to collect something original. For example, a bookshelf in the form of a simplified labyrinth is used.
To make it you will need:
- edged board 20 mm thick;
- wood glue;
- clamps;
- roulette;
- hacksaw;
- miter box;
- Sander;
- stain;
- furniture screws, self-tapping screws;
- decorative shelf holders.
If you have everything you need, you can start making the shelf.
Step 1. Marking
On the prepared boards, mark the cut lines with a pencil under a ruler. Measurements should be taken very carefully, since all horizontal parts have different lengths.
Step 2. Trimming the blanks
The ends of each workpiece are cut at an angle of 45 or 90 degrees. The diagram shows the first option, so you will need a miter box for sawing. It is very important to correctly install the miter box on the board so that the cuts are symmetrical. If the ends are cut off incorrectly, you will not be able to fold the shelf.
Step 3. Assembling the structure
The ends of the parts are smeared with glue, pressed tightly and additionally secured with slotted furniture screws. Ordinary self-tapping screws are not suitable here. Each joint will require at least 2 screws. Both parts of the shelf are applied to the wall, leveled and the attachment points are marked with a pencil. After this, holes are drilled for the dowels, brackets are screwed to the shelf with self-tapping screws and the structure is hung on the wall. Instead of brackets, decorative pelican shelf holders are often used.
Hanging shelf with straps
If you need a decorative shelf for small items, the following option is perfect - a board suspended on straps.
To make a shelf you will need:
- 2 edged boards 300x750 mm, thickness 30 mm;
- 4 leather belts, 75 cm long;
- 4 long screws with plastic dowels;
- 4 short screws;
- building level;
- ruler;
- sharp knife;
- drill.
Step 1: Preparing the belts
The cuts of the belts must be perfectly even, so if necessary they are trimmed with a knife. Fold each belt in half, press the ends to the table, step back 2 cm from the edge and drill a neat through hole with a drill. The same is done with the remaining three.
Step 2. Attaching the straps to the wall
Using a level, determine two points on the wall at a distance of 60 cm. Drill holes and insert plastic dowels. The belt folded in half is applied to one of the holes and secured with a long screw - you get a large loop on the wall. Another such loop is attached nearby.
Step 3. Installing the shelf
A sanded board is inserted into the loops and aligned horizontally. To prevent the shelf from moving, the parts of the belts adjacent to the wall near the board itself are screwed with short self-tapping screws. Now another shelf is hung under this shelf, exactly repeating the steps described above. The result is a light and neat two-tier shelf. If desired, you can add another 1-2 tiers.
To make the shelves described above, you can use not only wood, but also plywood, as well as laminated chipboard sheets. The last option is used most often, since laminated chipboard is lightweight, high strength, practicality and durability. When assembling shelves from this material, all sections must be covered with a melamine edge to match the color of the sheet.
Making a glass shelf
Glass shelves fit harmoniously into any interior, and the installation process does not take much time. To work you will need:
- strained glass;
- hammer;
- electric drill;
- building level;
- aluminum profile;
- dowels;
- adhesive tape;
- ruler;
- pencil.
Not everyone knows how to cut glass correctly, and therefore it is better to order the cutting of blanks in a workshop. There they will also grind and polish the edges so that when installing the shelf you will not cut yourself on sharp edges. You can do everything else yourself.
Step 1. Marking for fasteners
The section of the wall where the shelf will hang should be as large as possible. By using building level draw a horizontal line on the wall with a pencil. The locations of the fasteners are marked on the line and holes are drilled.
Step 2. Installing profiles
An aluminum profile is applied to the wall surface and the alignment of the fastening marks is checked. Then insert dowels into the holes, attach the profile with one screw and level it horizontally. After this, tighten the remaining screws.
Instead of a drill, insert a bracket screw 
Screw in the bracket screw 
Leave the bracket screw protruding from the wall 
Checking the position 
Arranging the shelves Step 3. Attaching the shelf
The rear edge of the glass shelf is covered with adhesive tape. You can use separate spacers made of tape, placing them where the glass will touch the screw heads. The shelf is inserted into the profile, the edges of the profile are covered with protective caps. If two shelves touch on the sides, their edges are fastened with metal fittings.
If there free time and a desire to experiment, you can create very unusual shelves on the wall from scrap materials. For example, it looks original corner shelf from plastic pipes. To make it you will need pieces sewer pipes and corner cuts. The shelf is attached to the wall with screws and dowels.
Old suitcases and briefcases can also make great items wall shelves. To do this, they are cut to half their height, covered with plywood at the back and secured to the wall with screws or on brackets.
Drawers from unnecessary bedside tables are quite suitable for making shelves. To give them an elegant look, the boxes should be thoroughly sanded, primed and painted. bright colors. Then they are leaned against the surface with the back wall, the attachment points are marked and holes are drilled for them. Even one such shelf looks very original, and a composition of 2-3 drawers will become a real decoration.
Video - DIY wall shelves
Interesting wooden shelf. Master Class
You will need:
- Rope;
- Board at least 2 cm thick;
- 2 corners (mounts) for shelves;
- Steel washers;
- Lighter;
- Drill;
- Saw.
