- 1 Design requirements
- 2 Varieties
- 3 Dimensions
- 4 Selecting a location
- 5 Measurements
- 6 Material selection
- 7 Form
- 8 Getting started
- 9 Two-section ladder
- 9.1 Manufacturing technology
- 10 Making a folding ladder on bowstrings
- 11 Videos
- 12 Photos
- 13 Schemes
If in the near future you intend to convert the attic into a functional room, then before starting work you should think about where to install the staircase and how to make it. A ceiling door or hatch will also be installed here. This design can be ordered or purchased, but let's find out how to make a staircase to the attic with your own hands. So, you will save a fair amount of your family budget and acquire new skills that may well be useful to you in the future.
Previously, attic stairs were made from the outside, but hardly anyone would be pleased with the prospect of climbing into this room across the street in frost or rain. Many people have a ceiling door in their attic, most often in the hallway, and if they need to climb into the attic, they use a ladder. But this is also inconvenient if you have to create, for example, a study or a recreation room in the attic. For a civilized person more good choice There will be installation of a stationary or folding staircase. If you don't have room for the first option, then the second one will suit you very well.
Design requirements
Design requirements
Whatever staircase option you choose, it must meet safety requirements. The structure must provide safe passage into the attic and be strong enough. Spiral staircases take up relatively little space and are highly attractive, however, it will be very difficult for older people to climb such a structure.
If the area of the corridor or hallway where the staircase will be installed allows, it is better to make an opening wide enough so that a good stationary staircase can be installed.
The larger the opening under the stairs to the attic, the greater the heat loss will be, unless, of course, we are talking about a heated attic space.
Stationary ladder
Handrails and railings provide sufficient safety for a person climbing stairs. Therefore, if possible, make a design with these elements. Since in our case we are talking about self-production stairs, it is also important to treat it by special means, increasing the fire resistance of the structure. This is especially true when making wooden stairs.
The load capacity indicator should not be small, since if it is necessary to lift a heavy load into the attic, one must also take into account its own weight. So, the optimal load capacity is 260 kg.
Varieties
Varieties
Attic stairs are divided into the following types:
- Monolithic. They can be marching or screw.
- Foldable. They can be lever, scissor, folding, sliding or telescopic.
- Portable stepladders or ladders.
Portable types of stairs are a temporary option for connecting floors. If you plan to use the attic on rare occasions, then an attached structure is the best option. But when arranging an attic space for a recreation area or for children to play, you need to make a more reliable staircase.
Ladder
Most often, there is no room in the building for arranging a massive structure. residential buildings. Therefore, it is not surprising that retractable stairs and their folding counterparts are in greatest demand when arranging an attic. They take up little space, are safe and convenient, and easy to use.
Dimensions
The attic staircase has standard parameters, following which you will be able to produce a truly reliable and easy-to-use design:
- The width of the march should be 65-110 cm.
- The height of the stairs is up to 3.5 m. This is due to the fact that a fall from such or greater heights is fraught with injury, and the rigidity high design will be significantly less.
- The average number of steps is 15.
- The height of the risers is 19 cm.
- The thickness of the steps is 1.8-2.2 cm.
- The tilt angle ranges from 60 to 75º. This is due to the fact that an angle less than 60º will require a lot of space, and an angle greater than 75º is dangerous to use.
- If you have to make a folding ladder, then it must withstand a weight of up to 150 kg.
- The steps should not be slippery. They are installed parallel to the floor.
Selecting a location
Selecting a location
If you have to make the stairs yourself, then it is important to determine the installation location of the stairs - inside or outside; if you choose the first option, then in which room will the opening be made to climb to the attic? It is important that the stairs do not interfere with household members. Therefore, installing it in the kitchen or bedroom is not cost-effective.
If the attic space will not be used intensively, then a staircase to climb into it can be made in the living room. It is better that the staircase to the attic in this case is closed or autonomous. In such a situation, a folding ladder is very good option.
Measurements
If you are making a folding ladder, then take into account its dimensions when folded and unfolded. Take a measurement from the floor of the room in which the stairs will be installed to the ceiling. Decide on the width of the stairs, the number of steps, and the angle of inclination. Record all data on paper, which will help you draw up the most accurate drawing. Errors in calculations can lead to undesirable consequences. For example, the stairs will be inconvenient to use and the risk of injury will increase.
The steps should be parallel to the floor. Doors should not open onto a flight of stairs.
Material selection
Material selection
When making a wooden staircase, all parts should be treated with antiseptics to avoid rotting of the finished product. After assembly, you can paint the structure with any suitable color varnish/paint. Typically, attic stairs are made of pine. This material is chosen by most homemade ones, since wood is easier to work with than metal.
If you decide to work with metal, then use galvanized materials. This type of metal does not rust. Such structures are very durable. So, you can save space; galvanized elements are thin and therefore do not take up much space.
To metal elements do not rub against each other, plastic parts should be used. Thus, due to the replaceable side plastic inserts, slipping will be prevented.
Form
The peculiarity of the attic staircase is its shape. It should be ergonomic, compact, comfortable and convenient. IN small room the overall design will look ridiculous. In a fairly large room - there are no restrictions, you can install it if you want compact staircase, but you want to make a stationary massive one.
It depends on the available space and personal preferences whether the staircase will be one-, two-, or three-flight. If the distance from floor to ceiling is no more than 3 m, then it is quite possible to get by with the simplest one-flight design. But, if you want to be more original, then make a staircase consisting of two flights.
To make a single-flight structure look more interesting, make it arched. The steps can be made in the form of diverging rays.
Getting started
Getting started
If you have made the measurements and outlined the drawings, then it’s time to create an estimate for materials. So, so that you can make an attic wooden staircase yourself, you should stock up on:
- Screws.
- Screwdrivers.
- Roulette.
- Wood saw.
- Kit wrenches.
- Polyurethane foam.
- Goniometer.
- Hinges.
Side and vertical beams are used as the base to support the stairs. Magnitude permissible loads the structure depends entirely on the strength of the foundation.
Two-section ladder
Two-section ladder
One section of this design folds upward. IN assembled form The two-section staircase is not hidden, but remains in plain sight. This is allowed if access to the attic is installed in a garage or other work space. When decorating the house in the appropriate style, a two-section staircase will also look good in the hallway. To make it you will need the following materials:
- Roulette.
- Regular wooden staircase.
- Wood saw.
- 4 bars with a thickness of 2-3 cm, 2 of them must correspond to the width of the hatch, and 2 must be 20 cm longer than the hatch.
- 4 pcs. card loops corresponding to the width of the stringer.
- Fastening elements.
The stringer is the base of the staircase on which the steps are laid.
Manufacturing technology
Manufacturing technology
First you need to connect a short block with the help of loops to the upper end of the ladder, another similar block should be rigidly fixed to the bottom of the ladder. To make the structure reliable in the end, take 2 slats and nail them diagonally on the back side of the flight of stairs. In this case, these actions should be carried out so that these reinforcing slats do not interfere with movement along the stairs.
After this, you need to measure 2/3 of the total length of the structure. Measurements are taken from below. The ladder should be cut in the designated location. These parts of the structure will subsequently be connected by card loops, which are attached to the back of the stairs. Thus, the structure can be easily folded.
The top bar is fixed under the hatch. Thanks to the hook and loop, your staircase will not open randomly. So, the hook needs to be attached to the wall, and the loop to the block.
Making a folding ladder on bowstrings
Making a folding ladder on bowstrings
The manufacturing process of a folding ladder consists of the following stages:
To speed up the process of making an attic ladder, carry out all work with a partner. This will also help avoid injury when working at height.
The main points for making a wooden attic staircase were described in this article. If you have questions on the topic, be sure to ask our expert. Would you like to supplement the article or provide useful additional recommendations? Leave your comments.
In the video provided, you can learn about other intricacies of making attic stairs:
The photo shows several options for attic stairs:
Stairs to the attic from the street
Staircase above the entrance
Folding ladder
Stationary ladder
Types of folding stairs
Calculation spiral staircase
Staircase drawing
Wooden staircase diagram
Staircase diagram
Scheme for determining the height and slope of the stairs
What is an attic? It is known that in our area the attic can become anything - a warehouse, a workshop or a living room.
It all depends on the capabilities of the room and your imagination, but one thing is certain - attic space need to be used. How to equip the entrance to the attic with your own hands?
Arrangement of the entrance to the attic
If you intend to equip a functional room in the attic, you need to think about choosing a place for attic staircase. The attic staircase requires the presence of a hatch - a ceiling door.
It is most reasonable to equip a hatch with a ladder in the corridor, hallway or passage room. In many houses there are rooms that are not used as living rooms, where you can easily install a staircase to the attic.
In the old days, the entrance to the attic was arranged from the outside, but the prospect of climbing into such an attic on a frosty or rainy day would not please anyone.
The most extreme loft lifting mechanism would be several stools stacked together. But speaking in detail, to get there in a civilized manner you need a good attic ladder. She might be both stationary and folding, the latter are in great demand.
Folding options are stacked compactly on top after use, saving a lot usable space. A beautifully decorated hatch can become fresh element interior
Manufacturers offer wooden options for small loads (up to 150 kg) and metal for more serious loads. Prices for such stairs vary from 7,000 rubles to the limit of the consumer's wallet. Choosing the most cheap option, you shouldn’t count on its quality, so isn’t it better to make a folding attic ladder with your own hands?
Let's look at some possible options for homemade stairs, the simplest for a beginner and more difficult for those who are confident in their abilities. At your service is a description of materials, work and drawings of the proposed stairs.
A simple two-piece DIY staircase
This is the staircase that consists of two sections, one of which folds up. IN assembled version the staircase is not hidden at the top, but remains in plain sight.
This may not be critical if the attic is in a workroom, garage, etc. Even in a hallway it may look quite appropriate, it all depends on the style of your home.
This staircase can be made in a few hours, you just need to prepare the necessary materials:
- Wood saw.
- Measuring instruments(roulette).
- Ordinary wooden staircase.
- Card loops, the width of which is equal to the width of the stringer - 4 pcs.
- Four bars 2–3 cm thick: two as long as the width of the hatch and two 20 cm longer.
- Self-tapping screws, anchors, loop and hook.
Kosour is load-bearing beam stairs on which steps are laid.
There is no need to tell anyone how to make a ladder, but we will only note that its length should be approximately 30 cm greater than the distance from the floor to the hatch.
We take short bars:
- We connect the first block to the upper end of the stairs using loops.
- We securely fasten the second block to the bottom using a rigid method.
To make the structure more reliable, you need to take two slats and nail them on the back side of the flight diagonally. Just try to do this in such a way that the design did not interfere with movement on the stairs.
Measure exactly 2/3 of the entire length of the ladder from the bottom and cut it in this place. Next, connect these parts with card loops. The hinges are attached to the back of the ladder so that it can fold properly.
Secure the top bar directly under the hatch. The hook and loop are needed to ensure that the ladder does not open randomly. The hook is attached to the wall, and the loop is on the bottom bar.
The first attic staircase is simple, but it has the disadvantage of a visible staircase. There are other models shown in the photo - these are retractable, folding and telescopic.
Attic staircase designs
DIY folding ladder on hinges
This is a folding attic ladder with a hatch, consisting of three sections, and also attic hatch. This option is very attractive for literally any room.
You will need to determine what the opening for the hatch will be, taking into account wishes and dimensions prospective visitors to the attic. For example, the opening for the stairs will be 125 x 70 cm.
In order to cut the hatch correctly, you need to add 7 mm on each side. Hatches for stairs to the attic should close well without compromising the thermal insulation.
Required materials:
- bars 5 x 5 cm – 2 short and 2 long;
- plywood 1 cm thick according to the size of the hatch.
At the ends of each block you need to make a cut to half the thickness, connecting glue and screws into a perfect rectangle. Using the means at hand, to prevent the diagonal from moving out, you can attach temporary triangles from thin plywood. Then we screw a sheet of plywood to the size of the rectangle.
Instead of locks we use door latch, any door handle or cylinder suitable shape. The latch holds the hatch closed well and opens easily. To conveniently open the hatch without using stepladders and stools, this handle needs to be specially made. You need to insert a long cylindrical handle into a special hole to open the hatch while standing on the floor.
Making hinges for opening the hatch
All components for the hatch opening mechanism can be purchased ready-made, or you can also make it yourself.
In order to do everything yourself, you need estimate dimensions and angles using a cardboard mockup. We make parts from cardboard; you can practice on them with the length of the hinges so that the hatch can open to the required angle. Based on the resulting model, we make a mechanism for opening the hatch.
The main thing is through experience determine the length of the hinges, since this type of attic ladder involves a hinged method. In the drawings you can see how the hinge is installed; the logic of its operation is very simple - it helps to smoothly open and close the hatch.
Necessary materials that can be found in every garage:
- Metal corner – 2 pcs.
- Sheet metal.
- Metal strips 2 cm wide – 4 pcs.
We take two narrow metal strips and use a drill to make holes for an M10 bolt. We assemble the parts together in pairs, slightly pulling them together. Using the measuring carpenter's tool Malka, measure the opening angle of the hatch and we move our mechanisms exactly to this angle.
Using a jigsaw, cut out the part of the metal that will overlap with the corner. We remove the excess length of the metal strips and round the ends. After processing and removal excess metal, we assemble the mechanism - now the corner will lock in a certain position. Both mechanisms for two sides exact copies of each other, but only mirrored.
Attic ladder fixation mechanism
The hinge mechanism is reliable, stopping the hatch with the ladder in the desired position thanks to the angle.
But for more reliability and smoothness To open the opening mechanism, you need to add another simple mechanism, similar to a hand.
For the “hand” you will need:
- Long strips of metal, 2 cm wide – 4 pcs.
- Corner - 2 pcs.
At the end of one of the strips you need to weld a metal part on which this strip will rest, and the corner will play role of supporting element. We make simple hinges that, when the hatch is open, will maintain the bending angle, while supporting part of the weight of the structure.
In order for the load to be distributed evenly between two different hinges, this unit must be secured correctly. Yes, him needs to be fixed with the first hinges fully deployed.
Installation of attic stairs
All that remains is to make the attic ladder itself; it should be 35 cm longer than the distance from the floor to the hatch.
The folding ladder will consist of three sections, the length of which it is important to calculate correctly. The first section is equal to the size of the hatch, the second section is slightly shorter than the first (it should not touch the ceiling when unfolded). The third section is equal to the remaining segment.
Materials for the stairs:
- Inch board 10 cm wide.
The angle of inclination of the hatch in the open position, which we previously measured with a small tool, is transferred to the board. Yes, we mark the slope for the steps.
Let's start marking the string boards for the steps along the lengths of the sections according to the order described above. The boards must be pressed tightly, secured with masking tape and marked equally, making the slopes of the steps in a mirror image.
The sections will be fastened again with hinges, so you need drill a hole for the hinge bolt on each section using a 25-point pen. Using a router we give all the edges a finished, neat look. We cut the boards exactly according to the sectional markings.
Need steps cut to width and sand, like bowstrings. At the places where the steps are marked, you need to make 5 mm recesses for them. We assemble all the parts using glue and PSh screws.
Hinges for folding stairs
To assemble the structure into a folding mechanism, you need to make a set of hinges.
Required materials:
- Metal strips 2.5 cm wide – 8 pcs.
- Bolts for the hinge 8 mm and self-tapping screws.
In order for the loops to serve and not bend, four strips need additionally weld the segments the same metal (about 1/3). We make holes in each strip - 2 small ones for fastening to the bowstring (one at the bottom and one under the finished piece), and one large 8 mm for the hinge (at the top).
The hinges need to be secured when the ladder itself is lying on a flat surface. The hinge must be secured so that the hinge bolt lay down in the previously drilled hole, and the ends were along the edge of the bowstring. So secure all four loops.
Installation of stairs
We collect all the elements and install them in their places, and the first segment of the stairs is stationary and is needed attach with corners to the hatch cover.
We check the operation of the mechanism, if everything suits you, then we disassemble it again for processing. We varnish the wood metal primed and painted.
As you can see, there is nothing difficult in creating an attic staircase with your own hands, especially when photos of drawings are available on the Internet. You can make all the metal parts yourself, or it’s even easier to buy them ready-made. Then it’s a complete pleasure – all that remains is to assemble this construction set.
This article provides step by step instructions on creating a folding attic ladder. You will learn how to correctly assemble the main hinge element, what to make the staircase sections from, and how to securely fasten the structure in its installation position. The article contains diagrams and drawings.
An inventory factory staircase to the attic is a fairly common product that can be purchased at many hardware stores. However budget options They are not always reliable, but strong branded products cost accordingly. Making a necessary item or device with your own hands from scrap materials is very popular among home craftsmen. The attic staircase is no exception.
Material for work
To assemble an analogue of a factory product, you will need quality materials, which may be available, especially during construction:
- Bar 50x50 (pine) 1st grade - 20 linear. m. The frame of the lid and opening will be made from it.
- Plywood 8-10 mm - 2 sq. m. Needed for covering the lid.
- Board 100x25-30 mm - 15 linear. m. Will go on steps and bowstrings.
- Steel strip 3-4x20 mm - for movable fastening of knees.
- Angle and plate 3-4 mm - for the main mechanical element.
- Bolts, nuts, washers, bolts M12-M14.
- Self-tapping screws.
Tool:
- Plotnitsky - saw, screwdriver, protractor.
- Locksmith - welding machine, electrodes 3-4, grinder.
- Workbench and clamps.
Operating procedure
First of all, you need to choose a place for the stairs and make an opening. If necessary, trim and install intermediate beams in the ceiling - by 6-7 mm larger size proposed cover. Next, according to the size of the hatch, you need to assemble the cover itself - from a block and plywood. The design can be arbitrary, but it must be reliable (it is better to glue the connections). The block on one of the short sides should be rounded so as not to interfere with the lid opening.
Assembling the hinge mechanism
This is the most critical element of the design. To make it you will need: a steel corner, a plate and strips with a thickness of at least 3 mm. The shape of the parts is clear from the diagram, but the dimensions of the drilling site should be determined individually, based on the local situation. Manufactured parts must be of high quality; they must be cleaned and edges processed.
1 - thrust plate; 2 - corner, top view; 3 - short slide; 4 - long drawstring
The key point is determining the opening angle. This angle is very important and figures into the production of the plate. In order to set it correctly, project the future march on the ground - stretch the thread and set the desired angle experimentally (by selecting the best position). Securely attach it to the protractor - it will be needed when making steps.
The resulting angle must be transferred to the part, namely to the plate. To do this, set the mechanism to its original position, attach the protractor and move until the corners of the corner flange and the protractor coincide. Then mark the plate along the resulting trajectory and cut out the area where the part moves.
Holes should be pre-drilled in the plate for mounting to the beam. We assemble the mechanism with bolts and washers.
After rough assembly, you need to try the unit in place, attach it and accurately reproduce the procedure for opening and closing the hatch. If any movement defects are found, correct them.
Then you need to make a response mechanism. It should completely repeat the first one, but in mirror image. Use clamps and a workbench - by clamping the parts together, you will achieve complete identical dimensions.
Make adjustments experimentally and final installation. The lid in the open position must exactly follow the angle projected by the cord.
Manufacturing of sections
Calculation of the length of each section:
- 1st - opening length minus 10%
- 2nd - length of the first minus 10%
- 3rd - march length minus the sum of the first two
Let's assume that the flight length is 2500 mm. Based on the opening length of 1200 mm:
- 1st - 1080 mm
- 2nd - 972 mm
- 3rd - 448 mm
We mark the entire boards according to the calculation and transfer the angle of the march to the bowstrings.
Attention! Bowstrings must be installed in a mirror manner! Take this into account when marking and drilling.
At the joints of the sections we drill holes Ø 25 - mirror through one.
All parts must be processed with high quality sanding belt, chamfers must be rounded in order to bring the quality as close as possible to the factory one.
Then we cut grooves for the steps according to the markings. We select wood with a chisel.
The design of individual sections is assembled using 65 mm self-tapping screws with a press washer using D-3 wood glue.
The hinges for the knees can be made from the same strip as the opening mechanism. To do this, cut 4 strips of 160 mm and 4 of 120 mm, rounding the ends. We weld legs to four of them to a length of 160 mm with a hole of 8 mm. You should end up with 8 pieces of equal length, but 4 of them with a step.
Assemble the individual plates into hinges using bolts.
Assembly of sections and installation of stairs
Lay it out on a flat surface and install the finished sectional hinges so that the fastening bolts fit into the holes in the wood. Install the hinges with M8-10 bolts.
After assembling the first bend, check the system for functionality. If necessary, correct any distortions.
Then attach the lower short elbow and test the system.
Now all that remains is to mount the ladder in its designed position - on the manhole cover. For installation, use bolts (self-tapping screws are not reliable). If after installation and testing everything works without distortions, the structure can be dismantled for painting. Use varnishes and spray paint for metal.
Subsequently, the design can be complicated and made more convenient by adding to it:
- Additional hinges to eliminate play.
- A spring to support the structure to make opening easier.
- Locking lock.
- Handrails.
- Use decorative finishing and additional insulation.
Finished view of the staircase:
The issue of finishing and insulation is decided locally, based on needs. The lid can be finished with any material that fits into the ceiling. Basically it is plastic - lightweight, inexpensive and has an additional layer of air. The difference in price between the “home” and “store” versions of a folding ladder is about 90% (80-150 USD). The work required only a few new boards, covering them and hardware.
Any room in the house can and should be equipped in an optimal way for the people living there. This also applies to the attic. A do-it-yourself attic staircase becomes an excellent example of the correct use of space and strength to organize space indoors.
The ascent to the attic includes the ladder itself, a special hatch for penetration and a system of levers for fixing the installed span. A do-it-yourself attic ladder allows you to save money and provide excellent quality designs.
Classic look of a retractable staircase to the attic
There are plenty of options on how to make a staircase to the attic. So the choice is up to you optimal solution and its implementation.
Staircase manufacturing, installation and testing are the main stages of work. But without design and calculation future design and construction will be complicated, and the quality may not meet expectations.
The beginning of work is the creation of a hatch leading to the top. A DIY attic ladder is a great approach if you have sufficient knowledge and skills. The correct choice of hatch location, its precise creation and staircase equipment serve as the basis for the entire project.
You have 2 options: use a ready-made hatch or make it yourself. The size of the hole should be comfortable for climbing, so as not to touch the ceiling and slings with your head. The place should not be crossed by beams and load-bearing elements. The hatch must be additionally insulated, because the integrity of the structure is compromised and this can lead to heat loss.
If you decide to make an attic staircase with your own hands, then you should understand that this is not just a classic path on top floor. The attic staircase has its own characteristics and requires a special approach.
Manufacturing a hatch for an attic staircase includes the following work:
- Development of drawings
- Accounting and detailed analysis of the thickness of all structural elements and hatch dimensions.
- Selection necessary materials and tools.
- Forming an opening where there will be a folding ladder or other option for climbing into the attic.
- Assembling the hatch frame and securely fixing all elements.
- Making a cover from leftover floor coverings.
- Decorative design and complex of insulation works.
As a result, you get an equipped hatch that can be easily closed for a while.
hatch in closed position practically does not stand out against the background of the ceiling
DIY folding ladder to the attic
In most cases, the design of the stairs to the attic appears this way. An attic ladder that can be folded freely looks convenient and practical, saving space without sacrificing functionality.
Independent production of this type of staircase is quite complex and time-consuming, but with proper preparation and step by step execution quite feasible. To make a folding attic ladder, you will need the following tools:
- Hacksaw
- Polyurethane foam
- Screwdriver (preferably electric)
- Screwdriver
- Anchor bolts
- Self-tapping screws of different diameters
- Loops for fastening
- Roulette.
Before starting the production of an attic ladder, you should make sure that you have an extension ladder, which will serve as the basis for work. A folding ladder can be made in just 1 day, if you have all the materials and tools.
This design option is objectively the most popular, for which there are reasons:
- A folding ladder can significantly save space.
- The element folds easily and is extremely simple to use.
- Harmonious fit into any interior.
- Fast production speed.
- High strength and long term operation.
If you manage to make a folding ladder exactly with the planned dimensions, you will get a spectacular and effective element in home improvement.
Standard sizes
Although the attic ladder is made by hand, there are certain established dimensions that are recommended to be followed. They are selected and laid out at the design stage, and during the manufacturing process they serve as the starting point for all actions. Below is a list of sizes that can be used:
- With a staircase height of 290 cm: 60x90, 60x120 or 70x120 cm.
- Height 280 cm: 60x120 and 70x120 cm.
- Height up to 280 cm: 60x120, 70x120 and 70x130 cm.
This is the accepted order of numbers. In any case, you choose the final parameters yourself, solely based on personal preferences and understanding of the ease of use of the design.
Drawing
Here is a set of diverse ladders with detailed drawings for work.
The manufacturing process step by step with photo illustrations and detailed descriptions
When making stairs for the attic, it is important to follow the stages of the work in order to get the optimal result. To do this, we offer you universal instructions (attention: some changes and adjustments are allowed for a specific case).
- Drawing development. Not required here high precision and correctness of design. The main thing is that your document is understandable to you personally and contains precisely calculated and verified parameters.
- Preparatory work. This important and extensive stage includes the selection complete set tools and materials that will be required to complete the work. Already at this stage, a drawing will help you a lot, because you will clearly imagine what the staircase will look like, which means you can easily draw up full list everything you need.
- Manufacturing of the support frame. Based on the standard and selected size of the hatch, you form the frames, carefully adjusting all the corners and cleaning individual areas.
Installed frame and mounted hatch in open position
- The frame is installed in the working position and secured with bolts and inserts. The opening fits exactly.
- After installing the frame, the hatch cover is inserted into the body.
- Grooves for stairs are made on the guides.
- The ends of the support beams should be cut at an angle that will optimally match the floor when the stairs are opened.
- The sawn and polished steps are carefully installed in the groove and secured with self-tapping screws.
Installation of steps on bases
- All elements (staircase segments) are assembled into a single structure. Metal hinges are used to secure all parts.
Metal loops for connecting structural elements
- The ladder assembled on the floor is installed in its working position and attached to the hatch frame.
- Be sure to carefully check how the design you created works. To do this, perform the full set of opening/closing movements several times.
Staircase of several sections in assembled condition
See how you can make a staircase to the attic with a visual example
Attic ladder mechanism with hatch - hinged without spring
The design of the hatch opening mechanism is one of the key elements when designing a staircase. You can purchase a ready-to-install mechanism at any department store. If you do not want to purchase such parts, you can make it yourself.
For making simple option opening system you will need the following set of parts and tools: a corner, a metal sheet (a small piece), 2 strips with different lengths of the blade, bolts for fastening, drills, a jigsaw, cleats and clamps.
The manufacture of the mechanism for the stairs is as follows:
- Drawing up a drawing with a detailed description of the elements. Be sure to calculate the angle of contact and the angle of inclination of the lid when opening.
- Make a design of the mechanism from cardboard in order to accurately calculate the size of the hinge.
- Take metal strips and mark holes on them. The hinges will be installed here. The size of the hole is determined by the size of the M10 bolt.
- The strips are assembled together into a single structure and tightened, but not too much.
- The exact angle is determined using a small marker.
- Extend the mechanism being created to the set angle.
- On the metal sheet, mark the part that will overlap when the hatch is open.
- Using a jigsaw, cut this section.
- Stripes must be presentable appearance, for which they are carefully cleaned and rounded. The processing of all elements is very important, because it is this that ensures that all elements match exactly and fit optimally. No friction between parts should be allowed.
- To make the second part of the mechanism, we recommend using clamps. To ensure accuracy of dimensions, it is enough to securely fasten finished item and source.
- You can also use clamps to achieve exact location holes.
- Once the bolt holes are created, the bolt is placed into the finished hole.
- The blanks are twisted with two bolts and aligned along their length.
Your task is to make 2 identical mechanisms. Completely finished opening mechanisms are installed on the hatch. Be sure to re-fit the hatch with the mechanisms to the opening - make sure there are no gaps or areas where the elements come into contact.
Adjusting the structure in this area is possible and is not difficult, so pay attention to this.
The hinge is easy to use and allows you to use the ladder comfortably.
Stair options
Attic stairs can have several types. The ability to choose allows you to optimally equip any room depending on your personal wishes and needs.
— folding ladder on hinges
A fairly common format for making stairs. The project consists of 3 sections that are connected into a single structure. This format is suitable for equipping stairs in any room. Hinges for an opening hatch can be purchased ready-made and installed in the shortest possible time.
Folding ladder on hinges
- simple wooden staircase
This option is more attractive and is a definite upgrade of the previous design. To make it, it is enough to cut a standard ladder into 3 sections. The smallest one should be the size of the hatch, the second one should be larger, and the third one should completely cover the remaining distance to the floor. Make grooves on and install steps into them. Be sure to finish all corners and surfaces accurately.
- two-piece folding ladder
An attic staircase option that is suitable for low room heights or a type of simplified design.
Folding ladder
- sliding attic ladder - retractable flights to the attic
A ladder with large retractable sections that can be pulled out and simultaneously cover the distance to the hatch. Requires precise fitting of elements and sufficient space.
Sliding staircase
- do-it-yourself staircase to the attic from the street
An attic staircase can have an unlimited number of design options - below you can admire the completed projects.
Stairs from the street
Photo gallery of attic stairs
Today you can find a large number of attic staircase designs online. Anyone can make them with their own hands, so you shouldn’t be afraid - you just need to prepare well and do it.
Do-it-yourself staircase to the attic is great way make your home more comfortable and make trips to the attic a real pleasure. The design has a small set of technical difficulties - therefore the product is often made by hand. Basic rules for those who decided to make an attic ladder themselves:
- Carefully draw up a drawing based on the obtained dimensions and personal wishes.
- Choose the best quality tools and materials.
- Carefully inspect all connecting elements and docking parts.
- Check the staircase elements more often to prevent defects and eliminate them in a timely manner.
The staircase for climbing to the attic is easy to decorate and fits perfectly into the style of any room. Comfortable handles and reliable fixation form an ideal option for climbing to the top, which is an excellent alternative to a standard fixed ladder.
For country houses, country houses and cottages with attic spaces, a compact and lightweight folding staircase to the attic becomes a vital necessity. It should not take up much space, because country house everyone is important square meter. Besides, big advantage stairs will be her mobility. Folding designs save space and are easy to install. To complete all the related tasks of constructing such a staircase, you can do it yourself.
Types of attic stairs
Attic stairs can be located both indoors and in the attic itself. The second option is more profitable in terms of saving living space. According to the design of the stairs there are:
- monolithic (flight or screw);
- folding (lever, telescopic, scissor or folding);
- portable (additional or stepladders).
Portable structures are used very rarely, mainly when performing construction work. Most convenient option- monolithic products that have wide flights and are equipped with railings. However, they are not suitable for access to the attic due to their large dimensions.
It is better to use retractable structures that are safe to use and easy to install. In addition, when folded, they do not take up space in the room. Thanks to the variety of possible designs, you can choose the staircase that best suits your home.
Transformable stairs
Wood and metal (most often aluminum) are used to make folding attic stairs. This combination allows you to get best results. Wood is needed to create flights of stairs(the weight of the structure is reduced), and metal parts are most often corners, fasteners and mechanisms that ensure the rigidity of the structure.
For stairs, choose hard wood (birch, ash, larch, beech, maple). The timber must be at least 2 cm thick. If the staircase will be used quite often, it is worth thinking about a metal structure.
The hatch cover should be filled with foam plastic for greater thermal insulation. Dimensions of stairs to the attic:
- the optimal march width is 65 cm;
- average number of steps - 15;
- the optimal step width is considered to be 19.3 cm;
- the thickness of the steps is not less than 18 mm;
- The optimal angle of inclination of the structure is 60-70 degrees.
To prevent the ladder from sliding on the floor, it is worth putting special pads on each string.
Scissor
These stairs are made entirely of metal. Their other name is accordion stairs. They are light, compact, and easily attached to the hatch. However, scissor ladders have one drawback - over time, squeaking appears during their use. They need to be lubricated periodically.
Telescopic
In this case, a folding ladder has several sections that fold into one another. They are usually made of aluminum. Domestic summer residents are wary of such stairs and prefer transformers to them.
Sectional hinged products are more in demand. They are more bulky and difficult to install, but are highly durable and durable. How a retractable staircase to the attic is made is described below.
Location
There is one main requirement for the location of the stairs - it should not interfere with residents when moving around the house. That is why it is not installed in the bedroom or hallway. Sometimes you can install a staircase as a piece of furniture - if the size of the room allows. In this case, there is no need to hide it.
Manufacturing a two-section ladder
If you need to perform a simple and practical design, it’s worth taking a closer look at the option with two sections. To make such a staircase you will need a small number of tools and materials:
- hacksaw;
- ladder;
- roulette;
- timber 2-3 cm thick.
- loops along the width of the stringer;
- hook, screws, anchors and loops.
First you need to carry out preparatory work, then make a ladder, and then install it correctly.
Preparatory work
First they dismantle old design, consisting of a staircase and a decorative frame equipped inside the passage. Then you need to select bars for the flights of stairs. Each string must have a cross-section of at least 30*50 mm. Optimal inclination attic stairs in a small room is 60-70 degrees. It must be taken into account when calculating the length of the stairs and the angle of inclination of the steps relative to the staircase posts.
It is worth installing two-section stairs when the attic passage is located in close proximity to one of the walls. The folding structure will hang directly on the wall. The presence of only 2 sections does not allow it to be hidden in the attic directly above the passage.
Making stairs
First, assemble the lower and upper parts of the stairs. To do this you will need 4 strings and steps. The bottom should be 1/3 of the total length. Then it is necessary to strengthen the upper part with diagonal slats to give it greater rigidity. The structure is then connected together using hinges. A block is attached to the top of the stairs, which will later be screwed to the wall.
The ladder is attached to the wall using a pre-screwed block. It should be installed directly under the hatch. The advantages of this design are obvious - a minimum of parts and effort in manufacturing, ease of installation, lightness of construction. The disadvantage of a two-section ladder is that it remains in plain sight.
To avoid such a situation, it is worth building more complex design. The best option- staircase with 3 sections. It can be easily hidden in the attic, used only when necessary.
Three-section
The most compact version of the stairs to the attic is a hatch with a folding structure of 3 sections attached to it. Such products are sold in stores. They are made of steel, are small in size and are made of steel. You can also build them yourself. The material most often used is wooden blocks. To build a staircase to the attic with your own hands, you will need to follow a certain sequence of actions.
How to make a hatch
Before constructing a hatch, it is worth calculating its dimensions. If the hatch to the attic is 125*70 cm in size, then the passage should be cut 7-8 mm larger on each side. This will make it easier to open and close the hatch. The level of thermal insulation due to such a gap will not decrease.
The materials you will need:
- Bars 50*50 mm - 2 long and 2 short.
- Plywood 10 mm thick.
Now you need to build a hatch. To do this, 4 bars are fastened together, and then a sheet of plywood is nailed to them. Before attaching plywood, check the diagonal. To prevent the structure made from bars from “driving,” you need to nail gussets to the corners. After the hatch is completed, it needs to be fitted into the opening.
To ensure that there are no locks on the outside and the hatch closes well, you should embed a door latch into the lid. It will hold the hatch perfectly and open comfortably.
Opening mechanisms
Now it’s time to tackle the most difficult part - creating opening mechanisms. In order not to complicate or delay the process, you can buy them at hardware store. However, if you want to do everything yourself, you should adhere to certain rules.
To begin with, drawings of the future design are made, taking into account the opening angle of the hatch. To make a hinge on which the hatch will open, you will need:
- pieces of sheet metal;
- one corner;
- two metal strips of different lengths.
Holes are made on the hinges according to pre-made drawings. Then they connect everything together without tightening the bolts too much. You can determine the opening angle empirically. To do this, open the hatch to the desired angle and make marks on the metal. Then the area that interferes with the movement of the corners is cut out with a jigsaw.
Now each corner locks in the desired position. To make the mechanisms identical, first one is completely manufactured, and then all the parts of the second are made according to the finished sample.
For greater strength, the hatch is connected to the opening with a supporting structure made of corners and metal strips. Pieces of metal are welded to the end of the upper strips, into which the lower strips will rest. The corner becomes a supporting platform. The result is a hinge mechanism that becomes half-bent when the hatch is opened.
Ladder
The staircase itself is made from wooden planks. For the bowstring and steps, a 100 mm inch board is suitable. The first section is made according to the size of the hatch. The length of the second section can be equal to the first section, provided that it does not touch the ceiling during folding.
For the third section, select the length that remains to the floor. The angle of inclination is measured with the hatch open. Then it must be transferred to the board, marking the steps. Then the length of the sections is marked. All markings that were made on the first board should be transferred to the second. All lines must be in mirror image.
It is worth drilling holes where the hinge hinges will be located. The upper one is drilled directly at the junction of the fastened boards, the lower one - at their external sides. To make the holes look more aesthetically pleasing, you should additionally go over them with a router.
Then the boards are sawn at the junction of the segments. Afterwards, the steps are cut and all elements are polished. Small recesses are made on the bowstrings into which the steps will be inserted. Once all structural elements are ready, you can begin assembly.
Loops for marches
The next stage in the manufacture of stairs is making loops to connect the flights of stairs. To do this you will need to find 8 metal strips 25 mm wide. On 4 of them you need to weld a small piece of the same strips. 3 holes are drilled in each. One will serve as a connection point to the hinge, the other will be used for screwing to the ladder.
To connect the ladder segments, they must be placed on flat surface. The hinge must be screwed so that the bolt fits into a groove specially cut for it - in the center of the connection of the sections. After screwing the hinges, it is necessary to check the section for flexion and extension. Only after the check has been completed can section 3 be screwed on. After all the procedures have been completed, you can remove the hatch and screw the ladder to it.
Every staircase, regardless of type, should be comfortable. In addition, when implementing an attic structure, you should adhere to the basic rules:
- attic folding stairs should not be more than 3 meters;
- metal steps should be equipped with anti-slip pads;
- wooden models are not installed in very dry or damp rooms;
- mechanisms and fastenings must be strong and reliable;
- From time to time, the rubbing parts of the product should be lubricated.
Such rules will be useful in the manufacture of attic stairs.
As you can see, making an attic ladder with your own hands is easy. During its manufacture, certain recommendations should be followed, and before starting work, make detailed drawing. During the work you should be careful, especially when working in the attic near the opening.
