They live in America; in the 16th century they were taken to Spain. Then they quickly spread throughout European and Asian countries, including Russia. The Latin name of the flower Tagetes comes from the name of the Etruscan deity.
The flowers are simple and double, in bright red, yellow and orange colors, and often bicolor. The base of the flower is elongated, covered with green leaves. Stems are straight. The foliage is dense, dark green, and consists of pinnately divided leaves with a serrated edge. Bush height from 20 to 120 cm. Tap root system. The plant has a peculiar smell. They bloom for a very long time and abundantly. You can familiarize yourself with the characteristics of the flowering of marigolds, as well as the necessary conditions and photos of blossoming plants, and you will find a description and photos of various perennial and annual species and varieties of these plants.
Reference! Marigolds are very easy to maintain and care for; they can easily withstand various climatic adversities, air pollution, and the bush itself is quite strong. That is why they are widely used in landscaping streets and other public areas, as a border plant, along the edges of flower beds and along sidewalks and paths.
Reproduction methods
You can propagate a new plant in only two ways:
- Stem cuttings. This method is used extremely rarely for propagating hybrids that, when seed propagation do not produce a similar plant.
- Seeds. The main method of propagating marigolds is through seeds. They do this by growing seedlings. The shoots appear quickly and grow quickly.
What kind of seeds does the plant have?
Marigold seeds:
- thin;
- long;
- bicolor.
Length about 1.5 cm. Half is white, split, the other half is black, smooth and dense. You can collect up to 500 pieces from one flower.
Simple flowers have both male and female organs reproductions are therefore self-pollinating. Double flowers are only female; they are cross-pollinated.
If you want to get a plant similar to the parent in all respects, do not plant different varieties of marigolds close together. At home, pollen from male flower transfer with a brush to the pistil stigma. Pollen is taken from later flowers, since it ripens a couple of days before the pistil.
When do they ripen?
The seeds ripen in late summer and early autumn. On average, the seeds ripen 1.5 months after the flower opens.
How and when to collect?
Features of germination
There are no special subtleties in growing marigolds from seeds. It's simple:
- sowing;
- conditions;
- care.
At home
Advice! For indoors Marigolds can be planted at any time of the year, but you will get the best results if you do it in March.
In this case, the natural biorhythms of the plant will be respected, which will certainly affect its development. Enough natural light, no need to install artificial lighting.
In the open ground
In warmer southern regions, marigolds can be planted directly into the ground in May. However, it's better. This way the plant will bloom faster. Moreover, this method is suitable for the middle zone, where the last night frosts occur in late May - early June. Seedlings are sown at the end of March or at the beginning of April. From germination to flowering it will take 45-60 days.
Preparation of soil and planting material
Preparing the seeds for planting:
- We make a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate; there should be no undissolved particles in it.
- Pour the solution over the seeds and leave for 15-20 minutes.
- Drain the liquid and leave the seeds to dry.
- If desired, you can leave the seeds in a damp cloth until sprouts appear.
Preparing the ground:
- We buy a universal soil mixture for flowering
- Or we prepare soil from sand, peat, humus and turf soil in the ratio 1:2:2:2.
- Place the soil in a container.
- We spill a rich pink solution of potassium permanganate.
- We place it closer to the heating radiator to warm it up for a couple of hours. You cannot put it on the radiator itself! The ground should be warm, a little higher room temperature.
Watch a video about growing marigolds from seeds:
Watering
After removing the cover, the seedlings are watered. There is no need to pour on the seedlings, only on the ground, which should always be moist. You can do this with a syringe, spoon, or small syringe. The water should be at ambient temperature.
Picking
It doesn’t matter whether you grow seedlings for open ground or on a windowsill, The intermediate stage before landing will be picking:
- From the container, the plant is transplanted into cups one at a time.
- This is done when the plant produces true leaves.
- When transshipping, you can carefully remove the tip of the main root.
- This procedure will make the plant stronger.
Interesting fact! Marigolds tolerate replanting well at any time, even when they already have flowers.
Watch a video about diving marigold seedlings:
The last step will be planting marigolds in a pot:
What kind of pot should it be?
For home use, it is better to choose more compact types of marigolds. The larger the plant, the larger the pot it will need. This flower has a taproot system, so the pot must be high enough.
Marigolds are often planted in boxes because they look very attractive. Just don’t overdo it with the quantity, otherwise your pets simply won’t have enough moisture, space, food, or light. There must be holes in the bottom of the container to drain excess water. The material from which the dishes are made is not important. Drainage materials are placed at the bottom: small stones, expanded clay, or brick chips.
We talked in detail about the features of growing marigolds at home in pots and boxes.
Soil selection
Important! Marigolds grow well in almost any soil. But for indoor keeping, where the volume of the container is not large, it is worth choosing fairly fertile, light soil with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction.
- You can buy soil in the store; a universal soil mixture for flowering plants will be suitable.
- At self-training soil, you can mix ordinary soil, compost and sand in a ratio of 2:2:1. Before planting, you can fry it in the oven, or keep it in the oven for 2 days. freezer. This is done to destroy possible infections and pests. Afterwards the soil is brought to normal temperature, slightly above room temperature.
Let's consider the necessary conditions after them:
Conclusion
I think it’s a great idea to make marigolds indoor plant. They bloom beautifully and abundantly, have beautiful dense greenery, are unpretentious in care, and are easily and quickly grown from seeds. In addition, they purify the air, repel insects and are even used in some countries as a spice.
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Varieties of marigolds differ in the size of the adult plant, the size of the flowers, and the color of the petals. The richness of shades (from red-brown to lemon yellow) allows you to choose the ideal option for the design of each area. The living flower decoration that delights passers-by is very easy to grow.
Features of marigold seeds
First, let's find out what marigold seeds look like. These are oblong dark “sticks” with a white tip that remain in the center of the inflorescence after the petals dry. The germination rate of marigold seeds is high and lasts up to 3-4 years. Thanks to this, flowers successfully reproduce by self-sowing.
African varieties germinate more slowly than French ones, but hybrids cannot be propagated by seeds. They either will not sprout at all or will not show parental properties in new plants.
Sowing dates for marigolds
Marigold seedlings can be purchased ready-made, but most people prefer to grow them themselves: firstly, it is cheaper, and secondly, this way you will be sure of the quality planting material. Sowing and growing marigolds from seeds at home is not difficult and can be done by any summer resident.
When is the best time to sow marigolds?
- Since March , marigolds are sown as seedlings in cassettes, pots or boxes. Further, seedlings of these flowers are usually grown on the windowsill.
- In the beginning of May You can sow marigolds in a greenhouse protected with film.
- If you want to do without future transplants, you can plant marigolds in the ground with seeds at the end of May. By this time, the risk of frost returning has already passed, and you can sow flowers directly into the garden bed or flowerbed.
ON THE PICTURE:The March seedlings of marigolds will have time to fully strengthen by the time they are planted in the flowerbed in May.
From the moment of sowing, only a month and a half will pass, and you will see marigolds blooming in all their glory.
In the northern regions, where the climate is continental and frosts are possible even in May, it is better to use the seedling method of growing marigolds.
Timing for planting marigold seedlings
Marigold seedlings different varieties may exhibit its specific requirements for planting timing and care in the early growing season. So low-growing compact varieties marigold mimimix sow towards the end of spring, so as not to risk overcooling the young shoots.
ON THE PICTURE: Mimimix marigolds decorate the garden bed.
If you become the happy owner of seeds rejected marigolds (another low-growing variety), it is better to plan sowing in mid-spring or later. They are considered more resistant to cold weather and frost.
ON THE PICTURE: Rejected terry marigolds of the "Carmen" variety.
Many people like unusual Mexican marigolds , they are thin-leaved. The optimal time for planting them is end of April or beginning of May. The variety is heat-loving and develops well only with plenty of sunlight.
ON THE PICTURE:Thin-leaved marigolds "Lemon Jewel".
How to properly collect seed material
It often happens that suddenly beautifully blooming or some unusually colored marigolds are found somewhere. How to collect the seeds of these flowers in order to plant them next season?
Wait until the inflorescences fade and dry out, when the seeds begin to separate from the flower calyx easily, without effort. They should be dry and crumbly. Lay them out on a newspaper or napkin until completely dry, then put them in an airtight container and place them in a cool place.
ON THE PICTURE:This is what marigold seeds look like.
Pre-treatment of seed material
Before sowing, it is advisable to soak marigold seeds in a manganese solution for several hours.
Disinfection with potassium permanganate will greatly reduce the risk of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases flowers in the future.
You can germinate wet seeds on a saucer, covering it with glass or film, but this does not make much sense. Marigolds sprout well even without prior germination.
Technology for sowing marigolds for seedlings
Soil preparation
Growing marigold seedlings requires preparing the substrate before sowing. The soil should be loose and fertile. Make up the soil mixture according to the following recipe:
- 2 parts peat;
- part of the humus;
- 0.5 parts sand.
The substrate is spilled with a solution of one of the drugs: Vitaros, potassium permanganate. If there is none of the above, you can replace the treatment with steaming for an hour. This is necessary for the prevention of dangerous fungal diseases, including.
Growing marigolds from seeds in individual cups is the most convenient and plant-friendly method for the gardener. You can arrange your own drainage in each cup using shards or small stones.
Agricultural technology for sowing marigolds in boxes
- The wet mixture is poured into a container, compacted and grooves half a centimeter deep are laid.
- Using tweezers or your fingers, place the marigold seeds into the grooves.
- The grooves are covered with the same substrate on top (layer thickness - approximately 1 cm).
- Cover the box with a lid and place it in a warm, bright place. After 5-7 days, the first shoots should appear.
It is important to prevent overheating and hypothermia of seedlings. Temperatures above 25°C and below 15°C are detrimental to seedlings.
Marigold seedlings in cassettes
The most in a convenient way Growing marigold seedlings for many gardeners is a cassette method.
The same mixture is used as a substrate as when sowing in boxes. But it is enriched with additional fertilizers: according to tablespoon mineral fertilizing (with nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in the composition) and half a glass of ash for every 5 l. substrate.
ON THE PICTURE: Marigold seedlings in a special cassette.
Fertilizers must be mixed well with the soil so that they are evenly distributed in it. The soil in the cassettes is lightly compacted, then a hole is prepared for each seedling, and the plants are buried 1 cm into the soil. After planting, the shoots are carefully watered. The soil settles a little after watering and you can add fresh substrate.
To “harden”, young plants can be taken out into the fresh air in good weather and bright sun, which marigolds love so much. Growing flowers from seeds into seedlings will be more successful if you give them such “walks” regularly.
Picking marigolds
Marigolds peak after the sprouts have two true leaves. At this time, seedlings usually reach a height of 5 cm.
Planting is carried out at a depth that allows the entire lower part of the stem to be hidden in the soil, down to the oblong leaves. At the same time, they remain on the surface and do not sink underground (and do not even touch it).
Picking can be done both in open ground and in a seedling box. The transplant is tolerated very well by marigolds. They can be planted from cassettes into a flowerbed, even while blooming. The root system of these plants is unpretentious; it quickly recovers and adapts to new conditions.
ON THE PICTURE: Correct picking will improve the health of seedlings.
Planting marigold seedlings in open ground
Now you know how to plant marigold seedlings. A few words about transplanting seedlings outdoors. Planting marigold seeds in the ground eliminates unnecessary hassle, but exposes the plants to the risk of frost. The seedling method will allow you to preserve every sprout.
Choose a cloudy day for planting seedlings. Heat slows adaptation and exposes disturbed plants to transplant shock.
Strong marigolds, reaching a height of 15 cm, are planted in a flowerbed. Growing seedlings to these levels is done in boxes or cassettes.
ON THE PICTURE:Thanks to the strong root system, marigold seedlings easily take root in a new place.
Stages of planting flowers in a flower bed
- The soil is dug up to a depth of at least 15 cm.
- Debris, stones and sticks are removed from the soil so that they do not interfere with the normal growth of the root system.
- The holes are dug with a reserve so that the entire root system of the seedlings fits there freely.
- Sprinkle the roots with soil and tamp it down carefully. Watered. Add more soil if it has settled too much.
- Mulch the plantings.
Marigolds in a flower greenhouse
A flower greenhouse is a good option for growing marigolds. Such a greenhouse is usually constructed from boards and polyethylene film. With this sowing technique, you can do without picking young plants, which slows down their growth during the adaptation period.
ON THE PICTURE: Marigolds in a flower greenhouse.
Marigolds transplanted from a greenhouse usually delight with flowering in the flower bed earlier than when seedling method growing.
How to sow marigolds in open ground
So, you have chosen a place to sow marigolds. Growing from seeds in open ground These colors have their own characteristics. Proper sowing will provide good conditions for future plant development.
For this purpose, wide holes are prepared. The depth of the holes is usually 5 cm, the distance between them depends on the type of flowers you have chosen for sowing. So, for compact varieties, a distance of 20-25 cm is sufficient. These include:
- "Spray Petite";
- "Disco Orange";
- "Dainty Marietta";
- "Order of Honor".
Tall marigolds are usually separated by a distance of 30-40 cm. These are, for example, “Tall Yellow”, “Silver Light”, “Hawaii”.
ON THE PICTURE: Marigold variety "Hawaii".
Before sowing marigolds, the holes are well moistened, and the sown seed material is sprinkled with a centimeter layer of soil on top.
In the future, the sown seeds need careful care: moderate watering, moisture control: the soil should not dry out.
How long does it take for marigold seeds to germinate? The first pair of leaves appears quite quickly: already at the end of the first week after planting. If you see that the sprouts have sprouted too close to each other and are preventing neighbors from developing, transplant the extra ones to another place.
Caring for plantings is not difficult: just water them regularly and weed the rows. And the bright inflorescences will delight the eyes of the owners and guests of the site for a long time.
Beneficial properties of marigolds
Tagetes inflorescences have a variety of sizes and shapes from small “carnations” to luxurious “chrysanthemums”, and colors from lemon yellow to red-brown. Marigolds are planted on, in, they are convenient to use to cover areas exposed after flowering. Tagetes is suitable not only for decorating the garden. All parts of the plant contain, which repel pests and inhibit pathogenic fungi, including those living in the soil. Marigolds are planted next to strawberries to repel white grass, next to asters to prevent fusarium, and near phlox and clematis to prevent nematodes. Tagetes is used as a medicinal plant and as a spice.
When to sow marigolds for seedlings?
Tagetes propagates by seeds. They can be sown in the ground after the end of the frost, and then thin out or plant the seedlings more freely, but you can immediately plant the tagetes with flowering seedlings immediately after the end of the frost.
From germination to flowering of tagetes it takes from 40 to 50 days, depending on the variety, so it is necessary to sow marigolds for seedlings in the first ten days of April. The soil for sowing tagetes must be sufficiently fertile and loose. This one will do soil mixture:, humus (or), washed sand (2:1:0.5).
Sowing tagetes for seedlings
Tagetes seedlings often die from. To prevent this from happening, a container filled with soil mixture must be spilled with a fungicide solution in advance ( Maxim, Vitaros, Fitosporin) or a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate. Best result gives steaming to the sifted soil mixture in a double boiler for an hour. In addition to spores of pathogenic fungi, this will also destroy weed seeds. After lightly compacting the steamed soil mixture, make shallow grooves on the surface. The soil should be slightly moist.
Spread the marigold seeds evenly into the grooves. The easiest way to do this is with a small piece of white paper. If there are too few seeds, you can spread them out with tweezers. Place labels with the names of the varieties. 
Sprinkle the same soil mixture on top of the crops with a layer of about 1 cm. With smaller sowings, the seed shell remains on the cotyledon leaves upon germination; marigold seedlings cannot shed the peel, which interferes with their further development. 
Moisten the crops. Try to do this carefully, without blurring upper layer soil so that the seeds do not end up on its surface. 
Cover your crops to keep the soil moist at all times. To do this, it is convenient to use a suitable-sized lid from a food container. You can simply place the container with the crops in a clean plastic bag and put it in a bright place. At a temperature of +15...+20°C, marigold shoots appear in 5-7 days. Temperature is important because at temperatures below +15°C the seeds germinate poorly, and if it rises above +25°C they do not germinate at all. 
After the first shoots appear, daily ventilation is necessary: at this time the risk of black leg appearing on seedlings is highest. If you notice the first signs of the disease, immediately remove the lodging seedlings along with lumps of soil, sprinkle the holes with fresh soil mixture and re-treat the crops with a fungicide solution. 
When friendly shoots appear, the shelter must be removed completely. Water after the soil in the container is completely dry, making sure that water does not accumulate in the tray. Feed the seedlings once every two weeks ( Fertika Lux, Agricola, Mortar).
After 2-3 true leaves appear, the seedlings are ready for picking. 
Tagetes pick
Tagetes are picked at the stage of two true leaves. The seedling can be buried almost to the cotyledons (lower oblong leaves), but so that they do not touch the soil. 
You can simply plant marigold seedlings into a seedling box. Tagetes seedlings tolerate replanting well even in flowering form - it is not necessary to preserve the root ball. But it is most convenient to grow marigold seedlings in cassettes. The soil can be used with the same composition as for sowing, but without sifting. Add to it 1 tablespoon containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and 0.5 cups for every 5 liters of the mixture. In order for fertilizers to be evenly distributed in the soil, you need to mix it thoroughly.
Fill the cassettes with the mixture, compact it a little, make recesses of such a size that the roots can fit freely in it. If the roots are too long, they can be shortened a little. When picking, seedlings need to be buried 1 cm. 
Water carefully. If the soil has settled too much after watering, add soil mixture on top. Water regularly after the soil dries out. The golden rule for tagetes is: it’s better not to add a little than to pour too much.
Planting tagetes in the ground
Two weeks before planting, begin to gradually accustom the seedlings to fresh air. Marigolds cannot tolerate even minor frosts, so seedlings can be planted only when their threat has passed. IN middle lane this is usually the end of the first ten days of June. Choose a sunny place. Although Tagetes can grow in partial shade, it will bloom much worse there. 
Tagetes does not require fertile soil, the main thing is that it is loose and air- and water-permeable, without stagnant water. Peat and sand will help improve heavy ones.
Dig up the soil using the bayonet of a shovel, apply complete mineral fertilizer (nitroamophoska, amophoska) at the rate of 30 g per 1 sq. m. m, embed it into the soil by secondary digging. 
Prepare holes at a distance of 15-30 cm from each other, depending on the future size of the plants. Usually the seed manufacturer indicates on the packets the recommended distance for each variety. Therefore, it is important to save seed packets and label the seedlings with the names of the varieties. This way you will know exactly at what distance to plant each variety of marigold. Make the depth of the hole so that when planting, the stems can be deepened by 1-2 centimeters. Place the root system in the hole. 
Carefully fill the voids around the roots and compact slightly. 
Water the planted seedlings. Tagetes is not afraid of watering on the leaves and rain. Further care consists of weeding and maintaining the soil in a loose state. If you've reclaimed the soil mineral fertilizers, then it is enough to feed the tagetes 1-2 times with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers per season. These elements contribute to more lush flowering. With an excess of nitrogen, tagetes grows greatly to the detriment of the formation of new buds. 
Flowers such as marigolds have become widespread because they are not only beautiful, but also have medicinal properties.
In addition, flowers repel some insect pests.
Growing, planting and caring for marigolds in the open ground is not a difficult task.
Even a person who has never been involved in flower propagation can easily cope with this, since these herbaceous plants for open ground they are considered unpretentious and are rarely affected by diseases.
Marigolds also have many names, including Tagetes, Ogonki, Chernobrivtsy. There are a large number of their species, varieties, differing in color and height of the plants themselves.
You can also see large-flowered black-browns or with more small flowers. The height of the bushes can reach 130 cm, but breeders have also bred dwarf varieties.
The flowering period is quite long - from the beginning of June until frost sets in. In addition, marigolds are annual and perennial.
All this allows gardeners to select the varieties they like best and decorate their plot with them.
Tagetes is also used for medicinal purposes. An infusion of flowers will help relieve inflammation; dried plants are often used as a seasoning for various dishes.
Today, more than 60 species of Tagetes are known. Most often, gardeners grow only three. The features of these types will be discussed next.
All flowers of the lights can be double, semi-double or regular.
The leaves are dark green and beautiful. Marigolds are difficult to confuse with any other plants.
The most common types:
- Erect marigolds (tagetes erecta) - they are also called African marigolds, since their homeland is Africa and South America.
African marigolds are an annual plant. If you look at the bush, you can see one main shoot. The height of the plant can reach 120 cm.
The stems are branching, the inflorescences are large, reaching a diameter of 10-13 cm. The African species blooms from the end of June. Flowers may be yellow or bicolor;
- rejected marigolds ( tagetes patula) - they are French. They are small-flowered marigolds with a branching stem.
The plant can reach a height of 60 cm. There are also low-growing French marigolds up to 15 cm.
- thin-leaved marigolds (tagetes tenuifolia) - or Mexican. These are compact low bushes.
Mexican marigolds can grow 20-40 cm. Their flowers are yellow or orange.
Note! The best varieties marigolds allow you to use them to decorate any garden plot. It is worth remembering that low-growing plants bloom faster than tall ones.
The following are considered popular:
- Taishan marigolds;
- Marigold Vanilla;
- Mimimix marigolds;
- Anise marigolds.
And this is not the entire list, since Chernobrivtsi are very popular among gardeners.
They have pleasant aroma, adapt perfectly after transplantation to another place of growth.
Growing marigolds from seeds in open ground
Perennial marigolds don't occur that often. Mostly annual flowers are grown.
To do this, they purchase seeds for the first time in specialized stores, and then after flowering they collect the seed material themselves.
It is stored all winter, and in early spring sown into the soil. It is also possible to grow marigolds through seedlings.
Soil mixture composition
Tagetes is not considered a fancy plant, but if it grows at favorable conditions, its flowering will be abundant, bright, and long-lasting.
The site must be chosen to be sunny, protected from stagnant moisture and gusts of strong wind.
When to sow seeds in the ground
You can accurately determine the time suitable for sowing seeds directly into open ground by climatic features region.
For example, if the weather is warm at the beginning of May, frosts are not expected.
Under adverse conditions better first time after sowing, cover the area with film or non-woven material.
Sprouts should appear in about 10-14 days.
Preparing and planting seeds in the ground
Some gardeners sow already germinated seeds, others prefer to work with dry ones.
The first case assumes the following actions:
- Take a napkin or gauze and moisten it with a spray bottle.
- Seeds are placed on one part and covered with the other.
- Additionally, cover with film so that the moisture does not evaporate quickly.
- Place in a warm place where the temperature is 20-25 °C until the seeds germinate.
After this, grooves 5 cm deep are made in the area and watered with water. Carefully place dry or sprouted seeds and sprinkle soil on top.
About 5 cm is left from one seed to another.
Growing by seedlings
Faster and reliable way- grow seedlings, transplant them to permanent place to the garden or vegetable garden.
Soil preparation
The plants are unpretentious to the soil. But to obtain strong and healthy flowers, it is recommended to mix the soil with peat, humus and turf. You can also add a little sand.
Before sowing, water the soil with Fungicide or a solution of potassium permanganate. This measure is necessary to disinfect the soil.
Then fill the soil and water it. They begin to prepare the seed material.
How to prepare and sow seeds
Just as when sowing seeds in open ground, there are 2 methods. The first is sowing dry material into holes, and the second is pre-sprouted seeds.
If the seed is not soaked before germination, it is laid out in holes every 2 cm.
Sprinkle a little soil on top, cover with film and leave until shoots appear.
When using already germinated seeds, professionals recommend selecting separate pots with a diameter of at least 4 cm.
Soil is poured into each of them, watered, and 1-2 marigold seeds are placed.
Sprinkle with more soil and spray the soil from above with a spray bottle. Also cover and put in a warm place until the sprouts appear.
After a few days, you need to remove the seedlings to a windowsill or other illuminated place. At this time, sunlight is important for seedlings.
Seedling care
After sprouts appear, they need not only sunlight, but also regular watering. On at this stage It is important not to overwater the plants.
It is better to spray the dried soil with a spray bottle. Otherwise, when overwatering, you can infect the roots with blackleg.
It is formed when excess humidity soil, can destroy fragile seedlings.
Many gardeners are wondering whether it is necessary to pick marigolds or whether they can be grown in a common container.
When 2 true leaves appear, you can start picking. If you take large boxes, you need to arrange them according to a 7x7 cm pattern.
Tagetes perfectly tolerates picking and landing in a permanent place. He practically never gets sick.
Even during flowering, seedlings can be planted in open ground. After the pick-up, 14 days usually pass before disembarkation.
Planting seedlings in open ground
Marigolds grow in the country without special troubles. They are not picky about the soil, bloom for a long time and decorate the garden.
Thus, the time of planting in a permanent place is selected depending on the period in which they want to get flowering.
When to plant seedlings
It is best to start replanting in late spring. Then the weather is already more or less warm.
The main thing is that the temperature does not drop below 0°C at night.
When the ground warms up, the seedlings can be transferred to open ground.
By this time, the plant should have at least 3-4 true leaves and a strong root system.
The note! Almost all marigold varieties are hybrids.
When you collect seeds yourself and sow them, you often get flowers that differ from the mother bush. However, it is still possible to grow beautiful and original plants.
Choosing a landing site
Lights grow in any part of the dacha or garden. They are not afraid of either shadow or partial shade.
The only thing to remember in this case is that they will not bloom so profusely, and the bushes will not be too lush. Then it is recommended to water the soil frequently.
In sunny areas and fertile soil, flowers will delight owners throughout the summer.
How to plant seedlings on the site
When planting marigolds in open ground, it is important to maintain the distance between plants. The flower planting scheme depends on their type.
The transplant process is as follows:
- First, water the containers with seedlings generously. This will make it much faster to remove the seedling without damaging the roots.
- Dig holes in accordance with the chosen pattern.
- Water generously.
- Carefully take out the plants one at a time from the pots or boxes and place them in the hole.
- Next they bury it with earth.
Until the seedlings are fully grown, they need to be watered regularly and abundantly. It is advisable to use liquid at room temperature for this.
The plant is drought-resistant, but in dry weather the bushes become sparse and the inflorescences become smaller.
Care when growing in open ground
The flowers do not require special labor-intensive care, so even novice gardeners can plant marigolds in the garden.
They need regular watering and fertilizing abundant flowering and disease prevention.
How to water
You need to water abundantly after planting the seedlings in a permanent place. Before marigolds begin to bloom, reduce watering.
Excessive moisture causes it to stagnate inside the soil. The root system stops receiving oxygen and the plant withers.
In addition, excess water causes various plant ailments to appear.
Foliar and root feeding
You can make beautiful flower beds from marigolds only if you apply fertilizing. Flowers are unpretentious, but fertilizers affect appearance.
When fertilizing is applied, they become more lush, the leaves are green, and the flowers are bright.
Fertilize flowers 3 times per season:
- The first application of fertilizers is when the seedlings grow to 10 cm in height.
- The second time is fed at the stage of bud formation.
- Last time you need to apply fertilizer before flowering.
It's better to contribute complex fertilizers. Grass clippings and compost are also suitable.
Formation of bushes
Gardeners, especially beginners, do not always realize that the Tagetes flower will bloom better and thicker if dried and wilted inflorescences are removed from it in time.
The formation of bushes is required mainly for tall varieties. This is how they acquire a lush shape and begin to bloom profusely.
Removing old flowers also leads to the rapid appearance of new ones. Pruning and shaping of the bush is carried out in the summer.
Weeding and loosening of rows
Weed control is also important. They need to be removed regularly. Weeds take nutrients from the soil.
Marigolds need nutrients to grow, develop and bloom profusely.
Loosening promotes better penetration moisture into the soil, and also saturates the soil with oxygen. The latter is necessary for the growth and development of plants.
Thanks to loosening, the soil becomes light and air easily penetrates into the soil.
There, oxygen saturates the root system of the marigolds, and they begin to develop more actively. It is recommended to loosen the soil constantly, especially after watering.
Seed collection
As a rule, marigolds are grown in the garden as annual plant. When autumn comes, the bushes are dug up.
To get the same flowers next spring and in the summer, seeds are collected from the bushes.
On a note! The collected bushes can be useful, so it is better not to throw them away. After uprooting plants, some gardeners put them in compost pit. This way, midges and other insects that marigolds cannot tolerate will not appear there.
Before collecting seeds, you need to know the following rules:
- Inflorescences are bisexual or female. The latter convey velvety and terry feel. If you want to receive decorative flowers, you need to collect seeds from female inflorescences. Bisexuals are self-pollinating and have more seeds.
- You can start collecting seed material only after 40 days have passed since the formation of the inflorescence.
- You can determine whether the seeds are ripe or not by their appearance. The plant turns brown, the flowers dry out and become yellow color.
- The seed material is carefully collected and poured into a box or other container.
- They need to be collected in sunny weather so that they are dry. Raw seeds are poorly stored and may rot. If you still had to collect wet seeds, then hang the inflorescences with part of the stem in a dry room to dry completely. They spread paper or newspaper under them so that the seeds fall on it.
Store the seed in a dry place where sunlight does not penetrate. As a rule, seeds remain viable for 2 years.
There are cases when they germinate after 3 or more years.
Pests and their control
Flowers are known for their resistance to various diseases. If you properly care for your lights, they will always be beautiful, healthy, and bloom long and profusely.
Sometimes, due to improper care or due to unfavorable weather conditions, marigold diseases appear.
The note! The plants have a specific smell that repels many insects. Gardeners even specially plant these flowers in beds with other plants to protect the latter from pests.
Slugs and snails
In damp rainy weather, slugs and snails can begin to annoy Chernobrivts flowers.
Pests attack the plant, eat its leaves and stems. They can be identified by shiny stripes on the leaves, soil and stems.
Some gardeners collect them by hand and also place cut potatoes around the plants.
Another way to get rid of snails is to scatter ash near the flowers. Pests cannot tolerate it and leave.
A mustard solution will also help with this problem. For 1 bucket of water, 100 g of mustard powder is enough.
After this treatment, the slugs and snails should retreat.
Spider mite
Spider mites attack Chernobrivtsy in dry and hot weather. You can deal with it by constantly spraying with water.
The mite does not tolerate moisture and regularly moistening the flowers helps it to retreat.
You can also treat the bushes with a solution of tobacco and onions. Spray the plant in the morning or evening hours.
Gray rot
Rot spreads in conditions high humidity. It is necessary to regularly inspect the bushes, and at the first sign, collect the affected parts of the plant.
Gray rot spreads quickly, so it is important to remove the affected areas immediately after appearance.
Marigolds in landscape design photo
Marigolds in landscape design are used very widely. They combine well with other plants.
It is possible to create original compositions with ageratum, begonia, cineraria.
A flowerbed of red or orange marigolds can decorate any area.
The flowers are very bright, they will create an accent in certain place garden
Border marigolds also look beautiful. For such purposes, low-growing marigolds are most often used.
For more tall plants medium-sized Chernobrivtsy are selected.
Look impressive unusual shape Marigolds Gilbert Stein with chrysanthemum-shaped inflorescences.
Red marigolds create an accent and attract the attention of all guests in the area.
Tall marigolds will be an excellent option for decorating flower beds and paths. They are often used in landscape design.
Chernobrivtsy are unpretentious in care, rarely get sick and protect neighboring plants from many insects.
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Bright, sunny marigolds also have other names - tagetes, black-browed. They are grown in gardens and vegetable gardens to decorate the landscape and protect neighboring crops from diseases and pests. Planting in open ground and caring for marigolds is not difficult, since the plant is unpretentious. There are many varieties of crops that differ from each other in external characteristics, but they all need to be cared for in the same way.
Flower propagation methods
Marigolds in the country can be planted for preventive purposes among garden crops or used to create flower beds, alpine coaster, flower beds, borders. Planting tagetes in open ground is carried out using:
- ready-made purchased seedlings;
- sowing in containers for forcing seedlings and transferring mature plants to beds;
- direct sowing to a permanent place of growth;
- self-sowing of seed material, when it is planned to grow annual Chernobrovets in one place for several years (the method is suitable for regions with a mild climate).
Agrotechnical requirements
Planting marigolds is common everywhere because they are unpretentious to conditions. environment, with the exception of only one parameter - temperature.
The plant is heat-loving; it should not be allowed to suffer frosts on the ground. Allows you to avoid unfavorable factors right choice dates of planting seedlings or sowing in the ground.
For cultivation, it is advisable to choose an open one, sunny place. They also grow in shade or partial shade, but the stems become elongated and the flowers become smaller. With constant waterlogging and shading, plant death is possible. Crowding during planting can be corrected by transferring excess marigolds to another location. They are not afraid of picking and transplanting even during flowering.
Soil requirements
The culture is unpretentious to the composition of the soil; it grows on sandy soils depleted of nutrients. Preliminary application of fertilizers to the soil before planting marigolds will allow you to grow strong, healthy plants with large flowers. For this you can use universal flower mixtures or complex mineral supplements. Organic matter can be represented by rotted compost or fermented infusion of plants. It is prohibited to apply fresh manure to the beds.
Predecessors and neighbors in the garden
You can plant marigolds in the garden after almost all crops, since they are little susceptible to diseases and damage by pests. Sowing tagetes in rows with vegetables, next to fruit trees and shrubs will protect the latter from many diseases and insects, because the flowers emit a strong aroma that repels pests. Such a neighborhood is favorable for tomatoes, pumpkins, grapes, apple trees, pears, and raspberries. But there are cultures whose growth and development are hampered next to Chernobrovsk:
- peas;
- beans;
- radish;
- radish.
Climatic conditions
Marigolds are perennial and grow in mild climates. In the northern regions they will die due to low temperatures in winter, so annual varieties of tagetes can be grown there. Plants do not tolerate cold well, the stems and leaves turn black and are no longer restored, therefore, in areas with the possibility of a sharp cold snap, the seedling propagation method is recommended.
Undesirable strong winds and drafts, flooded areas. The crop tolerates heat well provided regular and sufficient watering is provided.
When to plant marigolds
Planting time depends on the method of propagation, climatic conditions and varieties. Sowing for preliminary cultivation of seedlings is carried out in March or April; they can be transferred to a permanent place of cultivation immediately after the temperature has been established without the threat of return frosts. Typically, seedlings are planted in open ground at the beginning or end of May.
If direct sowing on beds is used, it is carried out at the end of April, beginning of May in the south, in the middle or end of May in the middle zone, and in early June in the northern regions. At the same time, seedlings in these areas are transferred to a permanent location.
The earth should warm up well. The variety of marigold should also be taken into account. Upright ones require a couple of weeks longer before flowering than medium and low growing ones. This is important to consider if you are creating flower composition from different types culture. Correctly selected planting dates will allow plants to bloom simultaneously.
How to plant marigolds
When planting seedlings, you can use individual or common containers with holes to remove excess water. A window sill on the sunny side is suitable for them so that the sprouts have enough light. If necessary, you will have to lengthen the daylight hours with fluorescent or phytolamps. The soil for marigolds can consist of humus, turf soil, river sand and peat. Optimal temperature for seedlings +18-22°C.
Planting marigolds with seeds in open ground is done with dry or prepared seed material. It is advisable to fertilize the soil in advance with compost and complex mineral supplements in order to grow flowers without the use of fertilizers. It is important to follow the same rule when transferring seedlings to a permanent growing location.
Planting scheme
Marigolds can be 15-120 cm in height with straight or spreading stems. Depending on this, an option for placing plants when planting is selected so that they do not shade each other and look harmonious. When planting tall varieties, the distance between plants and rows is 40 cm (40x40 pattern). For tagetes medium height– 30x30 cm, for short people – 20x20 cm.
Landing technology
Marigold seedlings must be transferred to open ground, taking into account agrotechnical rules, in order to protect them from possible diseases in the future. Although the plants are considered disease resistant, there is a risk of infection.
The sequence of planting seedlings in open ground:
- prepare the soil by digging and fertilizing, if this was not done in the fall;
- Water well the day before;
- disinfect the soil with a solution of potassium permanganate or hot water;
- form furrows or holes;
- you can add a little wood ash to each hole for seedlings;
- plant the seedlings, being careful not to damage the roots;
- moisten the soil a little.
Subtleties of care
The culture is unpretentious, but additional agrotechnical measures will significantly improve the appearance of plants and extend the flowering period. Under unfavorable conditions, the lower branches begin to turn yellow and dry out, and flowers may not form for a long time.
Caring for marigolds consists of:
- glaze;
- loosening;
- weed removal;
- fertilizing;
- prevention of diseases and pests.
When marigolds bloom, you need to remove faded flowers so that the rest will get more nutrients. When growing in a flower bed, it is advisable to prune weak, diseased branches without buds. This will also allow for the formation of larger inflorescences.
Watering
Marigolds are drought-resistant, but if there is a lack of moisture, the plants grow poorly and turn yellow. For this reason, it is advisable to carry out regular watering, especially after planting seedlings in open ground. It is necessary to reduce the amount of incoming moisture during the flowering period, since at this time the likelihood of rot developing and the death of the entire plant increases. After watering, loosen and remove weeds.
Feeding
Additional fertilization is not necessary, but will have a beneficial effect on the development of marigolds. The first feeding can be carried out some time after planting the seedlings in a permanent growing place, when the plants are 10-12 cm high. The following procedure is desirable at the stage of bud formation, and then after the start of flowering. Fertilizers can be used complex mineral or infusions from plant materials.
Diseases and pests
Phytoncides in marigolds destroy most infections, protecting them and surrounding crops from diseases. But if agricultural planting practices are violated or in rainy summers, gray rot may appear. Infected specimens should be immediately removed and burned off-site.
The peculiar smell of flowers repels insects, but plantings can be threatened by slugs, snails and spider mite. Suitable for fighting them chemicals(for example, Thunderstorm) and traditional methods. Spraying with onion or yarrow solution is used against ticks.
Basic mistakes in growing
Lack of moisture is the main reason why marigolds do not grow well. After planting, it is necessary to ensure regular watering. If you place plants in the shade, their aboveground part will begin to stretch out, the flowers will be small or absent. Other reasons why there is no flowering:
- marigolds love light, but in hot weather they need to be covered with agrofibre to create artificial shade;
- excessive watering at the stage of bud formation;
- early feeding (seedlings below 10 cm), excess fertilizer or use of fresh manure;
- lack of air in the root system.
Failure to comply with the recommended planting scheme, thickening of plants, and the presence of weeds among flowers contributes to the development of diseases and poor flowering. Marigolds weaken and grow poorly when grown on sandy soils without additional fertilizer.
The seedling method of cultivation is necessary in regions with an unfavorable climate. Planting flowering seedlings is used to decorate flower beds and flower beds. The culture's unpretentiousness in care and benefits in protecting neighboring plants from diseases and pests are widely used by gardeners.
