Owners of studio apartments have the idea of creating a second level due to an obvious disadvantage usable area. But to arrange a mezzanine you need to have high enough ceilings. Then here you can organize a home library, a study or a play corner for your child. This solution allows you to seriously change the entire layout and often becomes the only way to rationally arrange the kitchen, bedroom and living room areas with a dressing room in a small studio. IN modern apartments In urban development, creating a second level is difficult due to the insufficient height of the premises, but in this article we will look at all the possibilities and give you advice on solving this problem yourself.
HEIGHT MATTER
The height of the room is indeed considered the main dimension that matters when constructing a second attic level. For example, to create two full floors in a room, a height of 4.6 m is required, and the minimum height is considered to be 3.2 m. At the same time, the current edition of SNiP ( building codes and rules) gives the definition of a mezzanine: “a platform in the volume of a two-story room or an internal platform of an apartment, located within a floor with an increased height, having an area of no more than 40% of the area of the room in which it is being built.” Yes, high ceilings in the apartment are a real boon for its owners. This height allows you to gain additional meters of usable space without much expense.
When calculating the height of the mezzanine, it is customary to take into account the height of the tallest occupant of the apartment. A comfortable height is considered when the ceiling is at least 150 mm above the head, and at least one and a half meters free in height from the surface of the bed. Agree that a bedroom in which it is impossible to straighten up will not bring you joy in your personal life. We have to look for a compromise solution, since the lower floor in the mezzanine area should also not be less than two meters. When installing the second level, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the mezzanine structure itself, which is usually 150–200 mm. So it turns out that to create a sleeping place on the second level you will need a ceiling height of 3.5 m. There are hardly any studios with such a ceiling height, but even with a height of 2.7 m you can create a quite comfortable and functional mezzanine. It is only important to decide on its purpose.
LET'S CONSIDER THE PURPOSE OF ENTRESOLS
If you are young, energetic and do not attach importance to the minor inconveniences of everyday life, then feel free to start creating a sleeping area on the mezzanine. It is possible that you will only have about a meter left to the ceiling, but below you can successfully organize a workplace with a desk and computer, a linen closet and a bedside table with a TV. For your child, mezzanines can generally become a favorite place to sleep or play, since the very process of such movements is always interesting for children. But the safety of using the structure should be well ensured. You need a fairly flat staircase with railings and mesh fencing up to the ceiling. In the steps of the stairs you can do drawers for children's toys, which will significantly save space. It is completely unacceptable to use an extension ladder for a sleeping place - it is both inconvenient and unsafe. Here you need to wisely consider all the little things before starting construction.
Note that the reconstruction of the studio should not create a feeling of cramping, so the second floor is usually not completely closed, and most of the room remains visually free. Undoubtedly, there will be a space where you cannot stand at full height. Then not wide sleeping area on the second floor can be combined with a sofa on the lower tier with good review plasma panel on the opposite wall for residents of all levels.
Expert advice
Constructive solutions for internal half-story levels may be different. The second floor can be quite narrow and even run along the perimeter of the entire room, if the mezzanine is dedicated to bookshelves or collectible rarities. But a more common option is to create a kind of internal balcony along one short wall.
WHAT TO BUILD A MENTRESOLE FROM
Planed timber is usually used to create the second floor. It will be much more convenient for you to work with laminated veneer lumber, which retains its geometry well and can withstand heavy loads. It will be the structural basis of the frame. In addition to wood, metal, chipboard, polycarbonate and tempered impact-resistant glass can be used in the construction of mezzanines. And here is the installation of the mezzanine from metal structures involves connection by bolts or welding. Then you will need metalworking skills during assembly. But such a steel structure looks much more elegant and lighter in the interior than from solid wood.
The project must provide reliable fastening to main walls and floors. Drywall and partitions of dubious strength are unsuitable for support. You need to carefully calculate the amount of materials needed for the project to avoid unnecessary costs during construction.
NEED LIGHT AND VENTILATION
Already at the stage of construction of the mezzanine, you will really feel the lack of fresh air - according to the laws of physics, warm currents always rush upward. Imagine that sleeping upstairs in the summer will be completely uncomfortable: too hot and stuffy. Obviously, it will be necessary to arrange ventilation, and most simple option It turns out that the mezzanine is located near the window. Then it will be possible to create an influx of fresh air through the transom windows. This method can also be implemented at some distance from the window if you install a ventilation duct. Sometimes building an effective ventilation system has to be entrusted to experienced specialists.
On the second floor there will clearly not be enough lighting; additional local lighting will be required here. If only the bedroom is located on the mezzanine, then daylight is completely unnecessary here. But a study with a library will require good natural lighting. You can immediately abandon the idea of lamps built into the ceiling, since here every centimeter of vertical space is precious to us. They are unlikely to fit pendant lamps. There remain options for sconces, night lights and table lamps, which must be placed so that they do not interfere with movement.
BUILDING A COMFORTABLE STAIRWAY
No matter how much we strive to save space, the construction of a staircase must be approached thoroughly. A convenient step height is approximately 160–180 mm with a tread depth of 250–260 mm. It turns out that for a mezzanine height of 2 meters you need to build 12 steps, and the length of the staircase is already more than 3 meters. More compact options turn out to be not very comfortable and even dangerous as the angle of inclination increases flight of stairs. The most convenient are designs with a slope of at least 30 and no more than 45 degrees. Please note that rotary staircases with an L-shaped or U-shaped profile can save significant space. Under turning platforms Such stairs are convenient for creating compact dressing rooms and storage rooms.
Expert advice
Spiral (screw) structures can easily fit into a very small opening, but they are inconvenient for frequent use and are completely unsuitable for moving bulky loads. If there is very little free space, and visits to the mezzanine are not so frequent, you can use a ceiling retractable ladder attic type, which will make your stay at height more private.
WHERE DOES THE STAIRWAY START?
Installation of the staircase begins with fastening the side load-bearing parts (stringers) with support on the floor and load-bearing wall. After this, you can install the steps. It is customary to install risers only when the step is deep enough for a person’s foot to rest completely on it. If the step width is less than 200 mm, risers are no longer used. After installing the steps, we install a fence of balusters, to which the railings are then attached. Do not forget about the need to fence the mezzanine floor itself, so as not to suddenly find yourself at the bottom, bypassing the stairs. It is better to make such fences light, mesh, lattice and as permeable as possible to air and light. Then the mezzanine design will decorate your small apartment and preserve the unity of the entire living space.
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The period for preparing the report is 20 (Twenty calendar days from the date of inspection of the premises).
List of works requiring approval from the Moscow Civil Housing Inspectorate No. 508-PP:
1.1 Installing new ones and rearranging existing ones gas appliances with the laying of additional supply networks.
1.2 Installation of replacement household electric stoves gas stoves or kitchen hearths
1.3 Replacement, transfer and/or installation additional equipment(engineering, technological) with an increase in energy, water consumption and (or) with the replacement of existing or laying additional supply networks (for non-residential premises).
2. Changing the interior layout:
2.1 Arrangement (relocation, change of boundaries) of restrooms and bathrooms.
2.2 Construction of load-bearing walls.
2.3 Arrangement of openings in ceilings (when combined (separated) vertically) with the installation of internal stairs.
2.4 Construction of openings in load-bearing walls.
2.5 Construction of openings in load-bearing (non-load-bearing) inter-apartment walls (with reinforcement in load-bearing walls) for combining (separating) apartments.
2.6 Sealing of openings in load-bearing walls and ceilings.
2.7 Changes in design and (or) installation of floors in houses with wooden floors.
2.8 Dismantling (complete, partial) of non-load-bearing partitions that support additional excess load of the ceiling (unloading).
2.9 Construction of partitions that create excess loads on floors (brick, tongue-and-groove blocks, expanded clay concrete blocks, foam concrete blocks, gas silicate blocks thickness of more than 10 cm or other materials creating loads of more than 150 kg/sq. m) in apartment buildings, including those with reinforced concrete floors.
2.10 Installation of partitions in houses with wooden floors.
2.11 Arrangement (relocation) of kitchens, kitchen niches.
2.12 Construction of a mezzanine with an area of no more than 40% of the area of the room in which it is being built.
3. Changing the layout of the premises using common property and (or) the appearance of the house:
3.1 Creation, elimination, changing the shape of window and doorways in external enclosing structures (walls, roofs) - without weakening the load-bearing capacity of structural elements apartment building and a residential building.
3.2 Creation of canopies, glazed canopies (within the existing boundaries of the terrace) on the exploited roofs of apartment buildings, which does not involve an increase building height, heating and equipping newly constructed premises with engineering and sanitary equipment - without adding walls, including external ones.
3.3 Creation of entrances, entrance groups (stairs, porches and other areas) to basement or basement rooms or to the first floors of buildings within the dimensions land plot relating to the common property of the owners of premises in apartment building, including the installation of canopies and canopies outside the external walls of an apartment building - with a total area of no more than 10 sq.m., without installing a foundation.
3.4 Creation (not involving the organization of the premises) of canopies within the dimensions existing elements buildings of an apartment building (landing stages, stylobates, etc.), as well as porches and stairs.
3.5 Construction of balconies, loggias on the first floors without constructing foundations and premises, including underground, under loggias, balconies and organizing heating.
3.6 Installation of fireplaces and (or) chimneys.
3.7 Installation of ventilation ducts on the facade of an apartment building only from the yard side.
3.8 Other reconstruction and (or) redevelopment work related to the use of common property.
Cost - Terms - Guarantees
From - 25,300 ₽/m2; We have an SRO;
Manufacturing and installation from - 15 days;
We conclude a contract with a 2-year warranty;
Project and fueling complex at the conclusion of the contract
Modern office buildings, the latest shopping complexes and logistics centers delight the eye with original architecture, beautiful sparkling exterior decoration, lighting and a rainbow of advertising.
Not all of these buildings were built anew. Many of them were reconstructed, an extension or an attic floor was added, some were completed from long-term construction that had stood unused for many years.
Conducting a technical examination of part of the building in order to determine the possibility of installing mezzanine floors in the gym area, increasing the total volume of the attic and basement at the survey site.
Design drawing for mezzanine floor
Calculations.
- Definition of additional permissible load on attic floor from the condition of the strength of the floor crossbar.
- Determination of additional permissible load on the outer columns of the frame
Objectives of the survey:
- grade technical condition building structures of parts of the building;
- determining the possibility of installing two mezzanine floors on the gym site;
- determining the possibility of increasing the height of the attic floor.
Currently, when Newest technologies allow for the expansion of areas quickly and efficiently; it is impossible to do without the help of qualified experts. When planning to carry out a comprehensive reconstruction of their fixed assets, any owner must understand that it is better to diagnose the actual condition of the object in time than to incur significant financial losses later. A timely ordered examination of the technical condition will determine whether it is possible to demolish partitions, add additional volumes to the building, or add on a couple more floors that are desired by the owner.
Construction norms and rules SNiP 31-03-2001
"Industrial buildings"
(adopted by Decree of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated March 19, 2001 N 20)
Product buildings
date introduction 1 January 2002 G.
1 area of use
1.1 These rules and regulations must be observed at all stages of creation
and operation of buildings and premises of functional fire hazard class
F5.1 (according to SNiP 21-01): industrial buildings, laboratory buildings, industrial
and laboratory premises and workshops, including those built into other buildings
functional fire hazard.
1.2 These standards do not apply to buildings and premises for production
and storage of explosives and explosives, military purposes, underground
constructions of subways, mine workings.
1.3 In cases where enterprises provide for the possibility of using
labor of disabled people, additional requirements specified
in the relevant paragraphs of these standards, depending on the type of disability.
When creating specialized workshops (areas) at the enterprise, intended
to use the labor of disabled people, one should also be guided by the “Unified
sanitary rules for enterprises (production associations), workshops
and areas intended for the use of labor of disabled people and pensioners
for old age" of the USSR Ministry of Health. The creation of such workshops (sites) is not allowed,
located in premises of categories A and B.
2. Normative references
These standards use references to the following regulatory documents:
SNiP 21-01-97* Fire safety of buildings and structures.
SNiP 2.04.05-91* Heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
SNiP 04/31/2001 Warehouse buildings.
GOST 12.1.033-81 SSBT. Fire safety. Terms and Definitions.
GOST 14202-69 Pipelines of industrial enterprises. Identification
painting, warning signs and markings.
GOST 12.4.026-76 SSBT. Signal colors and safety signs.
GOST 25957-83 Mobile buildings and structures (inventory). Classification.
Terms and Definitions.
ST SEV 383-87 Fire safety in construction. Terms and Definitions.
NPB 104-95 Design of fire warning systems in buildings
and buildings.
NPB 105-95 Determination of categories of premises and buildings according to explosion and fire protection
and fire hazard/
NPB 110-99 List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to
protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire
alarm.
Unified sanitary rules for enterprises (production associations),
workshops and areas intended for the use of labor of disabled people and pensioners
by old age. Ministry of Health of the USSR (from 01.03.83 N 2672-83).
Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes. Gosgortekhnadzor
Russia.
3. Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions are adopted in these standards:
Mezzanine - a platform inside a building on which premises of various types are located
purposes (industrial, administrative and household or for engineering
equipment).
Insertion (build-in) in a one-story industrial building - two- or
a multi-story part of a building located within a one-story building throughout
its height and width (inset) or part of its height and width (inline), highlighted
enclosing structures.
Engineering equipment of the building - instrumentation system, devices, machines and
communications, providing supply and removal of liquids, gases, electricity
(plumbing, gas, heating, electrical, sewer,
ventilation equipment).
Mobile (inventory) building or structure - see GOST 25957.
Site - a single-tier structure (without walls), located in a building or
outside it, resting on independent supports, building structures or equipment
and intended for installation, maintenance or repair of equipment.
Number of floors of a building - the number of floors of a building, including all above-ground floors,
technical and basement, if the top of its ceiling is above the average planning level
ground level at least 2 m.
Above ground floor - a floor where the floor level of the premises is not lower than the planning level
ground marks.
Basement floor - floor when the floor level of the premises is below the planning level
ground marks more than half the height of the room.
Basement floor - floor when the floor level of the premises is below the planning level
ground no more than half the height of the room.
Technical floor - floor for placing engineering equipment and laying
communications; can be located in the lower (technical underground), upper
(technical attic) or in the middle part of the building.
Whatnot - multi-tiered frame structure(without walls), free-standing
in or outside the building and intended for the placement and maintenance of technological equipment
and other equipment.
These standards also use terms whose definitions are given
in ST SEV 383 and GOST 12.1.033.
4. Basic provisions
4.1 Requirements fire safety of these rules and regulations are based
on the provisions and classifications adopted in SNiP 21-01.
4.2 When designing buildings you should:
to combine, as a rule, premises for various industries in one building,
warehouse, administrative and service premises, as well as premises for engineering
equipment;
accept the height of the building within the limits established by 7.1, based on the results
comparison of technical and economic indicators of production location options
in buildings of various storeys (heights) and taking into account ensuring a high level
architectural solutions;
make space-planning decisions for buildings taking into account area reduction
external enclosing structures;
accept the area of light openings in accordance with design standards
natural and artificial lighting taking into account the requirements of 5.9;
accept buildings without light openings, if this is allowed by the conditions
technology, sanitary and hygienic requirements and economically feasible;
use mainly buildings, structures and enlarged blocks of engineering
and technological equipment in complete block design of the factory
manufacturing;
develop space-planning solutions taking into account the need to reduce
dynamic impacts on building construction,
technological processes
and operating caused by vibration-active equipment or external sources
hesitation.
4.3 Architectural decisions for buildings should be made taking into account urban planning,
climatic conditions of the construction area and the nature of the surrounding buildings.
Color decoration of interiors should be provided in accordance with GOST
14202 and GOST 12.4.026.
4.4 According to explosion and fire hazard, premises and buildings are divided
into categories (A, B, B1 - C4, D, D) depending on the technological technologies placed in them
processes and properties of existing (circulating) substances and materials.
Categories of buildings and premises are established in the technological part
project in accordance with NPB 105, departmental (industry) technological standards
design or special lists approved in accordance with the established procedure.
4.5 The total area of the building is determined as the sum of the areas of all floors
(aboveground, including technical, basement and basement), measured within
internal surfaces of external walls (or axes of outer columns where there are no external
walls), tunnels, internal platforms, mezzanines, all tiers of internal shelves,
ramps, galleries (horizontal projection) and transitions to other buildings.
The total area of the building does not include the area of the technical underground in height
less than 1.8 m to the bottom of overhanging structures (where walkways are not required
for maintenance of communications), above suspended ceilings, designed according to
5.2, as well as platforms for servicing crane tracks, cranes, conveyors,
monorails and lamps.
Room area occupying two or more floors in height within
multi-story building (two-story and multi-story), should be included in the general
area within one floor.
When determining the number of storeys of a building, platforms and tiers of whatnots are taken into account
and mezzanines, the area of which at any level is more than 40% of the area
floors of the building.
4.6. Automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire
signaling should be provided in accordance with NPB 110, as well as special
lists approved in accordance with the established procedure.
Fire warning systems should be provided in accordance with
NPB 104.
5. Space planning and design solutions
5.1 In rooms, the height from the floor to the bottom of protruding ceiling structures
(covering) must be at least 2.2 m, the height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding
parts of communications and equipment in places where people regularly pass and on
evacuation routes - at least 2 m, and in places where people pass irregularly - not
less than 1.8 m. If it is necessary for vehicles to enter the building, the passage height
must be at least 4.2 m to the bottom of structures, protruding parts of communications
and equipment, for fire trucks - at least 4.5 m.
5.2 In industrial buildings and premises requiring technology according to the conditions
maintaining stable air parameters in them and placing engineering
equipment and communications, it is allowed to provide:
suspended (suspended) ceilings and false floors - when for access to communications
there is no need to provide a passage for service personnel. For service
of the specified communications it is allowed to design hatches and vertical steel
stairs;
technical floors - when, according to the technology conditions for servicing engineering
equipment, communications and auxiliary technological devices, placed
in these floors, the construction of passages is required, the height of which is taken in
in accordance with 5.1.
5.3 Input railway tracks in buildings it is allowed to include
in accordance with the technological part of the project, taking into account the requirements of 7.5.
5.4 The top of the rail heads of railway tracks must be at the mark
clean floor.
5.5 Warehouses for raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products, located in production
buildings, as well as loading platforms (ramps) should be designed taking into account
requirements of SNiP 31-04.
5.6 In multi-storey buildings with a height of more than 15 m from the planning level
ground to the finished floor mark top floor(not counting technical) and availability
at an elevation of more than 15 m permanent workplaces or equipment that is necessary
service more than three times per shift, passenger elevators should be provided.
Freight elevators must be provided in accordance with the technological part
project.
The number and load capacity of elevators should be taken depending on the passenger
and cargo flows. Based on the number of employees (in the largest shift)
no more than 30 on all floors located above 15 m, the building should provide
one elevator.
If there are premises intended for labor on the second floor or above
for disabled people using wheelchairs, the building should provide
passenger elevator, if it is impossible to organize workplaces for disabled people at
ground floor. The elevator cabin must have dimensions of at least: width - 1.1 m,
depth - 2.1 m, width of the doorway - 0.85 m.
5.7 Exits from basements should be provided outside the lifting and transport work area
equipment.
5.8 The width of vestibules and airlocks should be greater than the width of the openings
no less than 0.5 m (0.25 m on each side of the opening), and a depth of more than
the width of the door or gate leaf by at least 0.2 m, but not less than 1.2
m. If there are disabled people using wheelchairs among the workers,
The depth of vestibules and vestibules should be at least 1.8 m.
5.9 In premises of categories A and B, external easily removable
Walling.
As a rule, as easily removable structures, you should use
glazing of windows and skylights. If there is insufficient glazing area, it is allowed
use coating structures as easily removable structures
made of steel, aluminum and asbestos-cement sheets and effective insulation.
The area of easily resettable structures should be determined by calculation. With absence
calculated data, the area of easily resettable structures should be no more than
less than 0.05 m2 per 1 m3 of room volume of category A and not less than 0.03 m2 - room
category B.
5.10 Galleries, platforms and service stairs lifting cranes
should be designed in accordance with the Design and Safe Operation Rules
lifting cranes approved by Gosgortekhnadzor.
Notes 1. Window glass is an easily removable structure with a thickness 3, 4 and 5 mm and areas of at least (respectively) 0.8, 1 and 1.5 m 2 / Reinforced glass is not an easily removable structure. 2. Rolled carpet in areas of easily removable covering structures should be cut into cards with an area of no more than 180 m2 each. 3. Design load from the mass of easily removable coating structures should be no more than 0.7 kPa (70 kgf/m2).
5.11 For repair and cleaning of glazing of windows and skylights, in cases where
use of mobile or portable floor-mounted equipment
(ladders, rolling platforms, telescopic lifts) not possible
according to accommodation conditions technological equipment or the total height of the building,
it is necessary to provide stationary devices that ensure safe
carrying out the specified work. The use of these devices must be justified
5.12 The need for lanterns and their type (anti-aircraft, U-shaped,
light, light-aeration, etc.) are installed by the project depending on
features of the technological process, sanitary, hygienic and environmental
requirements taking into account climatic conditions construction area.
5.13 Lanterns must be windproof. The length of the lanterns should be
no more than 120 m. The distance between the ends of the lanterns and between the end of the lantern and the outer
the wall must be at least 6 m. The opening of the lamp flaps must be mechanized
(with the inclusion of opening mechanisms at the exits from the premises), duplicated
manual control.
5.14 Under the glazing of skylights made of silicate sheet
glass, double-glazed windows, profile glass, as well as along inside
glazing of rectangular skylights should be provided
installation of a protective metal mesh.
5.15 In buildings with internal drains as a fence on the roof
It is allowed to use a parapet. If the height of the parapet is less than 0.6 m, it should be
supplement with lattice fencing up to a height of 0.6 m from the roof surface.
5.16 When opening the gate remotely and automatically, there must be
It is also possible to open them manually in all cases. Dimensions
gates in the clear for ground transport should be accepted with excess dimensions
vehicles (loaded) at least 0.2 m in height
and 0.6 m in width.
5.17 The slope of flights in staircases should be at least 1:2
with a tread width of 0.3 m; for basements and attics it is allowed to accept
the slope of the flights of stairs is 1:1.5 with a tread width of 0.26 m.
5.18 Internal open stairs (in the absence of staircase walls)
should have a slope of no more than 1:1. Slope of open stairs for access to single
workplaces are allowed to increase up to 2:1. To inspect equipment when
with a lifting height of no more than 10 m, it is allowed to design vertical stairs
0.6 m wide.
5.19 If there are working disabled people with musculoskeletal disorders
apparatus, the slope of stairs on escape routes should be no more than 1:2.
5.20 For buildings with a height from the ground level to the cornice or
at the top of a parapet of 10 m or more, one exit to the roof should be designed (on
every full and incomplete 40,000 m2 of roofing), including buildings:
single-story - along an external open steel staircase;
multi-storey - from staircase.
In cases where it is not practical to have within the height of the upper floor
staircase for access to the roof, allowed for buildings with a height of
planning level of the ground to the level of the finished floor of the upper floor no more
30 m to design an external open steel staircase to access the roof
from the staircase through the landing of this staircase.
6. Evacuation from buildings and premises
6.1 Evacuation exits are not allowed to be provided through production
premises in buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance, structural fire class
hazards C2 and C3.
Distance from the most remote point of the premises without permanent workers
places with engineering equipment intended for servicing the premises
categories A and B, and having one emergency exit through a room of categories
A and B, should not exceed 25 m.
Evacuation routes from premises of categories B, D and D should not include
sections passing through the airlocks of premises of categories A and B.
6.2 Evacuation exits from staircases located in buildings
and inserts with a height of no more than four floors with premises of categories B4, G and
D, it is allowed to be provided through a room of category B4, D or D to the outside
provided that the outlets are located on both sides of the installations and inserts (if the installation
or an insert divides the building into isolated parts).
6.3 Evacuation exits from premises of categories B4, D and D located
on mezzanines and inserts (built-ins) in buildings of I, II, III and IV degrees of fire resistance
fire hazard class C0 and C1, as well as on the mezzanines of single-story mobile
buildings of IV degree of fire resistance of fire hazard classes C2 and C3, intended
for placement of engineering equipment of buildings, in the absence of permanent
workplaces may be provided on type 2 ladders made of non-combustible
materials placed in premises of categories B, D and D. In this case, the distance
from the most remote point of the room with engineering equipment to the evacuation room
exit from the building should not exceed the values established in table 1.
It is allowed to provide one output (without a second device) for completed
stairs of types 2 and 3 from non-combustible materials from the specified premises,
in which the distance from the most distant point of the room to the exit to the stairs
does not exceed 25 m.
6.4 Type 3 ladders can be used as a second escape route
exit from the floor in buildings with a height (according to SNiP 21-01) no more than 28 m, if the number
working on each floor (except the first) in the largest shift
does not exceed:
15 people - in multi-storey buildings with premises of any category;
50 people - in two-story buildings with premises of categories B1 - B3;
100 people - the same, categories B4, G and D.
6.5 From each part of the basement, according to 7.4, at least two
emergency exits.
6.6 Distance from the most distant workplace in the room to the nearest
emergency exit from the room directly outside or into the staircase
the cage should not exceed the values given in table 1. For indoors
with an area of more than 1000 m2, the distance indicated in table 1 includes the path length
along the corridor until you exit outside or into the stairwell.
If the emergency exit from the room leads into the corridor, outside or into the staircase
cage through an adjacent room, then the distance from the most distant worker
the location of this room before exiting the adjacent room is taken according to the most
hazardous category of one of the adjacent premises.
Human flow density is defined as the ratio of the number of people
evacuating along a common passage to the area of this passage.
Distances for premises of categories A and B are established taking into account the area
spill of flammable or combustible liquids equal to 50 m2; with others
numerical values of the spill area, the distances indicated in Table 1 are multiplied
by a factor of 50/F, where F - possible area spill determined in technological
parts of the project.
For intermediate values of room volume, the distances are determined
linear interpolation.
Distances are established for rooms up to 6 m high (for one-story
building height is taken to the bottom of the trusses); when the height of the premises is more than 6 m distances
increase: with a room height of 12 m - by 20%, 18 m - by 30%, 24 m - by
40%, but not more than 140 m for premises of categories A, B and 240 m - for premises
category B; with intermediate room heights, increasing distances
determined by linear interpolation.
Tables 1 - 4 establish standards for categories of buildings and fire compartments
building. For other combinations not provided for in the indicated tables, the distance
and the number of people are taken according to the worst of these indicators for a given
categories of premises or are agreed upon in the manner prescribed by 1.6 SNiP 21-01.
6.7 Internal shelves and platforms should, as a rule, have at least
two open steel stairs. It is allowed to design one staircase with
floor area of each tier of a shelf or platform, not exceeding 108 m2 for
premises of categories A and B, 400 m2 for premises of categories B1 - B4, D and D.
Table 1
Distance from the most distant point on platforms and shelves to the nearest
emergency exit from the building should be taken according to Table 1, taking into account the length
escape route via stairs of the 2nd type.
Emergency exits from platforms and tiers of shelves, the area of which is
at any level exceeds 40% of the floor area, if there are permanent workers on them
places should be provided through staircases.
It is allowed to provide one of the emergency exits to the stairs
Type 3.
6.8 Distance from the most remote workplace to the nearest evacuation point
exit from one- or two-story buildings of fire resistance class IV
Hazards C2 and C3 should be taken no more than:
in one-story buildings with premises of categories B1 - B3 - 50 m, categories
B4, D and D - 80 m;
in two-story buildings with premises of categories B1 - B3 - 40 m, categories
B4, D and D - 60 m.
The indicated distances may be increased by 50% if the floor area
not occupied by equipment, in premises is 75 m2 or more per person
working in the largest shift.
In one-story buildings with premises of categories B1 - B4, G and D, if it is not possible
to comply with the specified distances, emergency exits must be located
in external walls along the perimeter of buildings every 72 m.
The width of the flight of stairs depending on the number of people evacuating
along it from the second floor, as well as the width of doors, corridors or passages on
evacuation routes should be taken at the rate of 0.6 m per 100 people.
6.9 Distance along the corridor from the door of the most remote room with an area
no more than 1000 m2 to the nearest exit to the outside or to the staircase should not
exceed the values given in table 2.
When placing premises of different categories on the same floor, the distance
along the corridor from the door of the most remote room to the exit outside or into
the nearest stairwell is determined by the more dangerous category.
The density of human flow in the corridor is determined as the ratio of the number
people evacuating from the premises into the corridor, to the area of this corridor, with
Moreover, with doors opening from rooms into common corridors, the width of the common
corridor should be taken as reduced:
half width door leaf- with one-sided location
doors;
by the width of the door leaf - with double-sided doors.
6.10 Width emergency exit(doors) from the premises should be taken
depending on the total number of people evacuating through this exit,
and the number of people per 1 m of exit (door) width established in the table
3, but not less than 0.9 m if there are disabled people with disabilities among the workers
musculoskeletal system.
Number of people per 1 m of exit width at intermediate volume values
premises is determined by interpolation.
Number of people per 1 m width of emergency exit (door) from premises
height of more than 6 m increases: with a room height of 12 m - by 20%, 18 m
- by 30%, 24 m - by 40%; for intermediate room heights, increase
the number of people per 1 m of exit width is determined by interpolation.
6.11 The width of the emergency exit (door) from the corridor to the outside or into the staircase
the cage should be taken depending on the total number of people evacuating
through this exit, and the number of people per 1 m of exit (door) width established
in table 4, but not less than 0.8 m, in the presence of working disabled people with disabilities
musculoskeletal system - not less than 0.9 m.
6.12 If there are working disabled people with musculoskeletal disorders
apparatus, the width of the flight of stairs should be at least 1.2 m.
6.13 Smoke-free stairwells of type 2 - H2 must be separated
to the height of two flights with a blank fire partition every 30
m in height in buildings of categories G and D and 20 m in buildings of category B (with a transition
from one part of the staircase to another outside the volume of the staircase).
6.14 In rooms and corridors, smoke removal should be provided for
case of fire in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05.
6.15 Opening skylights taken into account in the calculation of smoke removal
should be evenly distributed over the coverage area.
7. Preventing the spread of fire
7.1 Degree of fire resistance, structural fire hazard class, height
buildings and floor area within the fire compartment should be taken according to the table
5.
If there are platforms, shelves and mezzanines, the area of which is for any
mark exceeds 40% of the floor area of the room, the floor area is determined as
for a multi-storey building with the number of floors determined by 4.5.
When equipping premises with automatic fire extinguishing installations
The areas indicated in Table 5 may be increased by 100%, with the exception of
buildings of IV degree of fire resistance of fire hazard classes C0 and C1, as well as
buildings of fire resistance class V.
In the presence of open technological openings in the ceilings of adjacent floors
the total area of these floors should not exceed the floor area indicated
in table 5.
In a building of category B, if there are premises of category B1, the height of the building
and floor area within the fire compartment indicated in Table 5, it is necessary
reduce by 25%.
Table 5 establishes standards for categories of buildings and fire compartments
with the provided combinations of fire resistance degree and fire hazard class
building. For other combinations not provided for in this table, the area
floors and building height are taken according to the worst of these indicators for a given
categories of the building or are agreed upon in the manner established in 1.6 SNiP 21-01.
7.2 In one-story buildings of fire resistance class IV, fire hazard class
C2 it is allowed to place premises of categories A and B with a total area of no more than
300 m2. In this case, these premises must be separated by fire partitions.
Type 1 and type 3 floors. The external walls of these premises must be
classes K0 or K1.
It is allowed to design one-story mobile buildings of IV degree of fire resistance
fire hazard class C2 and C3 categories A and B with an area of no more than 75 m2.
7.3 When located in the same building or process room
with various explosion and fire protection and fire hazard measures should be provided
to prevent explosion and fire spread. The effectiveness of these activities
must be justified in the technological part of the project in accordance with 7.3 SNiP 21-01.
If these measures are not effective enough, then technological
processes with various explosion and fire hazards should be placed
in separate rooms; at the same time, premises of different categories A, B, B1, B2,
B3 should be separated from one another, as well as these premises from premises of categories
B4, D and D and corridors with fire partitions and fire ceilings
following types:
in buildings of the I degree of fire resistance - fire partitions of the 1st
type, fireproof ceilings (between floors and above the basement) of the 2nd type;
in buildings of II and III degrees of fire resistance - fire partitions
Type 1, in buildings of IV degree of fire resistance, fire hazard classes C0,
C1 - 2nd type, in buildings of IV degree of fire resistance of fire hazard classes
C2, C3 rooms of categories B1 - B3 - fire partitions of the 2nd type,
premises of categories A and B - in accordance with 7.2; fireproof ceilings
(between floors and above the basement) of the 3rd type.
7.4 Basements, when placing premises of categories B1 - VZ in them, must be separated
fire partitions of the 1st type for parts with an area of no more than 3000 m2
each, while the width of each part (counting from the outer wall), as a rule,
should not exceed 30 m. Windows should be provided in these rooms
a width of at least 0.75 m and a height of at least 1.2 m with pits at least wide
0.8 m and 1.8 m long for installing a smoke exhauster. The total area of the windows should be
take at least 0.2% of the floor area of the premises. In rooms with an area of more than
1000 m2 should have at least two windows. Ceilings over basements
must have a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45.
Corridors must be at least 2 m wide with direct exits
outside or through separate staircases. Partitions separating rooms
from corridors, must be fireproof type 1.
Basements with premises of categories B1 - VZ, which, according to technology requirements
production cannot be located near external walls, they should be separated by fire protection
partitions into parts with an area of no more than 1500 m2 each with a smoke removal device
in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05.
7.5 It should not be allowed for locomotives of all types to enter the premises
categories A and B, and steam and diesel locomotives - also in premises of categories B1
- airborne areas and premises with coating structures of classes K2 and K3.
7.6 Before elevators in premises of categories A and B on all floors, you should
provide airlocks of the 1st type with constant air supply. In machine
elevator compartments in buildings of categories A and B should provide permanent
air pressure in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05.
7.7 Sections of floors and technological platforms on which
devices, installations and equipment containing flammable,
flammable and toxic liquids, must have blank sides made of non-combustible materials
or pallets. The height of the sides and the area between the sides or pallets are set
in the technological part of the project.
7.8 Rooflights with light-transmitting elements made from group materials
G3 and G4 are allowed to be used only in buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance
fire hazard class C0 in rooms of categories B4, G and D with coatings
from materials with fire hazard NG and G1 and roll roofing with protective
gravel covering. The total area of light-transmitting elements of such lamps
should not exceed 15% of the total coverage area, the opening area of one lantern
- no more than 12 m2 with a specific weight of light-transmitting elements no more than 20
kg/m2 and no more than 18 m2 with a specific weight of light-transmitting elements no more
10 kg/m2. Wherein roll roofing must have a protective gravel covering.
The distance (in light) between these lamps must be at least
6 m for opening areas from 6 to 18 m2 and at least 3 m for opening areas up to
6 m2.
When combining lanterns into groups, they are taken as one lantern, to which
All specified restrictions apply.
Between skylights with light-transmitting fillings made of materials
groups G3 and G4 in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the building covering through
Every 54 m, gaps with a width of at least 6 m should be made. Distance across
the horizontal line from the fire walls to the specified skylights should be
at least 5 m.
7.9 Type 3 ladders intended for access fire departments,
must have a width of at least 0.7 m.
Admiring a high ceiling is irrational. You need to use not only every square, but also every cubic meter of your home to your advantage.
A mezzanine floor helps to significantly expand the area and functionality of a house or apartment. Before you decide to remodel, get acquainted with SNiP standards, design nuances and projects of modern interiors. Do not forget that any changes must be agreed with the relevant authorities.
What is a mezzanine floor - definition and standards
The exact definition of a mezzanine floor can be found in the rules “Residential multi-apartment buildings” (SP 54.13330.2011). Today, a mezzanine in an apartment or house is usually called an internal area located within one floor and occupying no more than 40% of the area premises. This is the current version of the previously valid SNiP.
Please note that the main difference between a mezzanine and a full floor is that it cannot occupy more than 40% of the room in which it is designed and be higher than 1.8 m. If the superstructure takes up more than 40%, then it will be considered a floor (SP 118.13330.2012). The mezzanine is used not only in residential buildings, but also in hotels, thereby separating functional areas.
There are strict design standards for mezzanine floors. The sufficient height of the room according to SNiP established by the standards is at least 2.5 m. If the ceilings are 1.5-1.6 meters higher than required, then you can think about a superstructure. When designing a mezzanine in a new house, it must be immediately included in the project.
Given the minimum permissible height of the room, it is better to build a superstructure over non-functional areas. For example, above cabinets, hallway, work area kitchens, library. Often the platform is built above the bathroom or dressing room.
If the extension is small, it can be done over part of the living room, for example, over the area in which the TV, wall unit or other furniture is installed. The floors floating in the air above the work area look good.
The only exception where it is permissible to ignore the norms is at the dacha. Country house with a mezzanine floor can be of almost any height, but still do not forget about comfort and plan a mezzanine in the house less than 3 meters high.
Work plan for the construction of an additional floor
To make a mezzanine area in an apartment according to all the rules, follow the plan:
- Contact specialists and order a technical condition examination load-bearing structures Houses.
- Get your hands on a conclusion on the technical feasibility of constructing a mezzanine based on an examination.
- Order a mezzanine floor project and submit it for approval by the relevant authorities.
If an additional floor is planned in a new house under construction, then it must be included in the project at the stage of developing the entire housing project. It's simpler, more reliable and safer. As a result, you can get a full-fledged one-and-a-half-story house.
Types and design features
The design of the mezzanine floor can be beamed or beamless. In a beam structure, the beams rest on the load-bearing walls of the house or specially constructed supports. Floorings are laid on beams.
The design includes:
- load-bearing beams installed along the walls (reinforced concrete, metal I-beams, channels, wood);
- load-bearing flooring ( wooden boards, lined hollow concrete panels);
- floor beams forming the floor and ceiling;
- flooring;
- ceiling decoration;
- protective curbs;
- stairs.
The construction of a mezzanine floor without beams is simpler - the floor slabs rest on supports or load-bearing walls. More common combined options with a metal frame supported by load-bearing walls or supports, and monolithic concrete floor, installed on the frame.
Some companies offer custom-made welded structures that are quickly installed and are not afraid of high loads. On wooden frame The flooring is made of wood, since it is significantly lighter than concrete.
Inside the site, lighting, wiring and other communications are provided. As a rule, a suspended ceiling (slat or tiled) is chosen, since it is convenient to attach it to beams. For monolithic slabs will do suspended ceiling. To avoid the “pressure” of the ceiling, you can provide a ceiling with inserts made of durable glass.
The price of a mezzanine floor depends on its size and the materials used for construction. The cost of work in regions varies greatly, so we will not indicate specific prices. Find several companies in your city and compare prices.
What to do on the mezzanine and what style it is suitable for
Considering the small height of the mezzanine area in the apartment, it should include areas in which a person spends a small part of the time. Most often, mezzanines are equipped with:
- bedrooms – main and guest – good decision for those who want to do ;
mini-offices;
children's rooms;
canteens;
recreation areas;
libraries;
corners for creativity (see how to make).
Often a one-and-a-half-story layout is used in offices and shopping centers. Height production premises can also be partially reduced to create small offices and recreation areas.
Not in everyone designer style you can use this add-on. The idea of a mezzanine floor fits perfectly into loft and minimalism, but it will look ridiculous in classical directions. IN country house it is quite possible to choose for design or.
Secrets of arranging a mezzanine superstructure
What exactly will be on the mezzanine needs to be decided before its design. It is important to take into account all the technical and design details in the project.
Safety requirements
The mezzanine can become the most dangerous place in the house if you do not take care of the fences. You shouldn’t rely on your adequacy; you definitely need to set at least low curbs.
If there are children in the house, fences should prevent not only accidental falls, but also the possibility of climbing over them or climbing up. For permanent high fences, you can use impact-resistant glass or plastic.
If there are no children, air-permeable borders, for example, openwork or forged, are suitable. When arranging a bedroom above or a hall, it makes sense to provide curtains to provide a privacy area and not depend on general lighting.
Which staircase is better to choose?
The design of the mezzanine floor necessarily includes a staircase. The main requirement for it is compactness; the staircase should occupy as little usable space as possible in the main room. At the same time, the steps must be comfortable and safe, especially if the superstructure is planned to be used regularly.
Most convenient marching stairs , which are most practical to place against the side wall of the main room. The design can be played up so that the space under the stairs is not empty, but is used in the interior. A rational approach is drawers in the steps.
Takes up the least amount of space as if floating in the air cantilever stairs, fixed directly on the walls. This option is acceptable if there is a solid wall. Reliability and safety are due to the fact that each stage is attached separately. According to standards, such a stage must withstand a load of at least 150 kg.
Looks very impressive in modern interiors spiral staircases, but they cannot be classified as convenient. Walking in circles takes some getting used to. This design is more suitable for young and athletic people. But do not forget that it is almost impossible to lift anything along it. Advantage spiral staircase the fact that it can be installed not only from the edge, but also in the middle of the site.
What is important to think about in a project
Lighting. If the apartment does not have huge windows, and the mezzanine is located along blank walls, there will not be enough light, and it is necessary to install separate lighting. It is better to refuse large chandeliers, giving preference to built-in ones ceiling lamps, curtain lighting, wall sconce, floor lamps with high legs, table lamps.
Ventilation. To avoid shortness of breath and headaches, you need good ventilation. The easiest way to solve this problem is to install a split system with forced ventilation. This approach will solve two problems at once: it will provide an influx of fresh air and cool the room in the heat.
Heating. If you don't want to heat the whole house, but want to provide comfort in the mezzanine area, use heaters. The most economical is infrared. It does not heat the air, but warms objects. Point heaters at areas that need warmth and avoid wasting money heating a large home.
The second method of local heating is a heated floor system. An infrared film floor is suitable for installation on a mezzanine. It does not weigh down or thicken the structure, is easy to install, safe and suitable for many types of finishing flooring. It is convenient to place the film locally - only in the right places.
Furniture requirements
You will have to abandon heavy and bulky furniture in an apartment or country house with a mezzanine floor. Most often, furniture has to be delivered not by stairs, but by means of lifting devices.
Instead of a bed they are often used futon bed– metal or wooden frame, on which a high orthopedic mattress is laid. In minimalism and loft this is quite acceptable. This sleeping place is low and light. If you can't do without a bed, choose the lowest Japanese-style beds.
It is better to leave all the cabinets below, and limit yourself to floor hangers on the mezzanine. Strong walls are the way out. The cabinets can be made hanging. The same applies to hanging tables and work corners.
If there is a window, consider doing it, this will allow you to get useful furniture without taking up space or adding weight to the floor.
Design ideas and photos of residential mezzanines
Get inspired by photos of beautiful mezzanine floors, see what designs professionals come up with for them, what furniture they choose, and how they organize the space. Please note that add-ons can be either very small, designed for only one bed, or full-fledged rooms. It all depends on the initial area and height of the room.
In a new country house, you can make a mezzanine around the perimeter of the large hall. In this case, on the superstructure floor it is possible to provide several different rooms– guest bedrooms, office, library. In some cases, doors can be used.
In a small apartment, it is rational to arrange a sleeping area or office upstairs. In a teenager’s room, you can select a sleeping area, freeing up space for games and activities. If there is very little space, then you will only get a sleeping place above a closet or desk.
Choosing live plants for placement in an area without windows, follow our selection tips or choose.
Now you know what a mezzanine floor is, what it can be made of and how to arrange it. The main thing is to remember to coordinate the project and trust the work only to professional builders. Safety and reliability- above all!
One of the common ways to increase living space is to build a mezzanine. Diversifying the interior layout in this way is especially beneficial in rooms with high ceilings, which are often present in old buildings and designed in new ones. A cozy office, home library, play corner or sleeping area - all this can be placed on the mezzanine. Read on to learn how to correctly implement these and other interior ideas using this architectural element.
Mezzanine dimensions
The higher the ceilings in the room, the more space will be left for the mezzanine. For example, if the mezzanine will be used as a storage room, then the minimum height of the room should be 3.2 m. Two full floors can be obtained with a ceiling height of at least 4.6 m. In any case, the functional purpose of the mezzanine is dictated by the existing height of the room.
In order to be able to move freely under the mezzanine, its height must be at least 220 cm. The same height is necessary above the mezzanine if you plan to set up a work area on it and spend a lot of time there. If there is a storage room under the mezzanine or Walk-in closet, then a height of 180-190 cm is sufficient for them, unless, of course, there are basketball players in the family.
A sleeping place on the mezzanine will require a height above the shelf of at least 120 cm. A lower height is also possible, but comfort will not be enough. The height of a person in a sitting position is on average about 1 m. Adding to it the thickness of the mattress (approximately 15 cm), we get 115 cm. Well, it is advisable that you have at least a few more centimeters left over your head, otherwise, when you get up, you can wake up a little faster than I wanted this.
As for the sleeping area on the mezzanine, you should start from the size of the mattress. A standard single mattress is about a meter wide. Double mattresses are found in widths from 140 cm to 200 cm. To this width, another 30-40 cm should be added for a solid border, on which, if necessary, you could place a mug, book or breakfast tray.
When planning a sleeping place on the mezzanine, you need to know that placing the bed near the ceiling is not very beneficial for health, since in this case air exchange near it is difficult. It's more likely necessary measure rather than a good solution. If you still make a bedroom on a mezzanine, then it is better that it be a two-level stepped structure. On the lower level you can stand up to your full height to, for example, change into pajamas. Under the second (high) mezzanine level you can place computer desk and set up a workplace there. Under the lower level you can provide a pantry, a large closet for storing things, or build an aquarium there.
When constructing a mezzanine, the total thickness of the shelf must be taken as 20 cm. This includes the thickness of the boards, fiberboard and beams. Other design solutions are possible, but in any case, by reducing the thickness of the shelf, it is necessary to maintain its rigidity, reinforcing the structure with additional ribs.
Stairs to the mezzanine
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The tiered arrangement of the mezzanine will necessarily require the construction of a staircase leading to it. This places certain requirements on the size of the room: it must have a large area, since the staircase takes up quite a lot of space. It is convenient to climb the stairs when the depth of the tread of the steps does not exceed 28 cm, and their height is 17 cm. Thus, to climb to a height of 240 cm, you will need to overcome 14 steps. This staircase will have a flight length of 364 cm.
The most comfortable is considered to be a staircase with a platform on the flight. If the size of the room does not allow you to allocate enough space for the stairs, then you will have to opt for a less comfortable one. attic stairs. Climbing such stairs is more or less convenient, but descending is difficult due to the unusual position of the body - facing the steps. It is not recommended to install a steep staircase, the height of which exceeds 20 cm. The best option if there is a shortage of space, a staircase with steps of the “duck step” type can be used, which involve alternating left and right steps.
Mezzanine place
A mezzanine cannot be created in an arbitrary place. The location of door and window openings influences its choice. .jpg)
The mezzanine design elements should not impede access to the window or interfere with its opening. It is also necessary to take into account that the remaining part of the room must maintain ergonomics: it should not be too narrow or resemble a shaft due to its elongated shape. The effect of open space will be lost. The only window in the room must be left in the lower (high) part.
In spacious rooms with high ceilings, the mezzanine can also be of a gallery type, i.e. encircle it on three sides. On such a mezzanine you can freely place a library. In this case, its width, taking into account the bookshelves, will be about a meter. One of the sides of the gallery mezzanine can be expanded, thereby creating additional area to accommodate a reading corner. Narrow mezzanine shelves can be lower than the standard 220 cm from the floor level.
The mezzanine will fit in above long and narrow corridors, since such rooms look more harmonious with low ceilings. Thus, a mezzanine can be created in several rooms at once, for example, above the hallway, corridor and in the living room. At the same time, the living room will not lose in height, since only a small part of it will decrease. But the room will acquire a more interesting layout.
The possibility of covering rooms such as the bathroom and kitchen with a mezzanine is not excluded. Before removing the partition separating the mezzanine and the room from which the stairs will rise, you need to make sure that the design of the walls allows this to be done.
Construction material for mezzanine
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Structurally, the mezzanine consists of beam supports and a ceiling that forms the floor. Supports and beams can be wooden or metal. The latter are a steel profile, which is connected by welding or bolts. Technically steel structure It is more difficult to install, but in the end it will look much more elegant. Wood is more massive, but eliminates the work of a welder.
The mezzanine floor can be made of boards, fiberboard, polycarbonate boards, and also reinforced glass. In order to separate the room formed under the mezzanine, use any cladding (plasterboard, OSB, etc.). To prevent the walls of the mezzanine floor from working like a drum, mineral wool can be laid between them.
The design of the mezzanine can be spatial or openwork. The latter can become a decoration of the room, but for this it needs to be carefully designed. If you do not want to highlight the mezzanine, then to decorate it you can use the same materials that were used in the room. For modern interiors, a mezzanine option made of of stainless steel and glass blocks. IN classic interiors Wooden structures will fit organically.
If the mezzanine is installed on supports, then the designer must take into account bearing capacity ceilings under the premises.
Mezzanine fencing
Any high-rise fencing, including mezzanines, is planned so that its height is above the person’s center of gravity. The safety boundary is at 110 cm, but for small mezzanines this may be too much, so the height of the balustrade is reduced to 90 cm.
The filling of the balustrade can be solid or openwork. Its appearance depends on the functionality of the upper room, as well as on the tastes and preferences of the owners. Naturally, it is better to hide the storage room on the mezzanine in the living room behind a solid fence. If you want to show the interior of the mezzanine, you can use the openwork filling of the fence. When choosing material for a balustrade, they are guided, first of all, by the characteristics of the interior. Depending on the rest of the finish and its style, balusters can be made of wood, forging, nickel-plated pipes, perforated steel, glass, etc.
Comfort on the second tier
The biggest problem with mezzanines is air stagnation and more heat than below. If you don't foresee .jpg)
there is ventilation, then sleeping on the mezzanine will not be the best. The ventilation problem can be solved in two ways: by creating forced ventilation or by developing a special mezzanine design that will not interfere with the natural movement of air. There may not be air stagnation on the mezzanine if there is a ventilation grille at the location where it is installed. Separate exhaust duct You can fail on purpose. IN one-story houses or at attic floors ventilation can be supplied through the roof. As an option: you can connect the mezzanine room with a well-ventilated adjacent room using a flexible ventilation duct. If none of these methods are suitable, then you need to contact specialists who will definitely come up with a solution to the ventilation issue.
An important element of comfort is daylight, access to which on the mezzanine may be limited. The exception is mezzanines with equipped sleeping areas. Workplace on the contrary, it should be well lit and, preferably, natural light. Sometimes it may be necessary to make an additional window opening in the wall from the mezzanine side, or to install a light tunnel. However, any of these ideas will require consultation with an architect.
In search of a simple way out, many try to solve the problem of light with the help of artificial lighting. It must be said that modern lighting technology makes it possible to do this quite efficiently, but it is still not able to completely replace daylight.
