The imperative mood of the verb in English. How is the imperative mood formed in English? The imperative mood in English briefly

This grammatical phenomenon will appeal to even the laziest person who wants to learn English. After all, it would seem that it could be simpler than to express a request, instruction, wish, advice or order in English:

Read!

Read (those)!

And this is precisely the purpose that the imperative mood serves. But let's look at the peculiarities of the formation of incentive sentences in English and find out whether this topic is as simple as it seems at first glance.

Moods in English

As in the Russian language, in English the category of mood is represented by three directions, expressing the speaker’s different attitude to the action expressed by the predicate. Depending on the situation and the mood of the verb used, the sentence will narrate, talk about some action / phenomenon (indicative mood, the Indicative Mood), emphasize its desirability, but unreality (, the Subjunctive Mood) or express a direct incentive to perform this action ( imperative mood, the Imperative Mood). Here are examples of sentences with predicates in different moods:

the Indicative Mood / indicative	the Subjunctive Mood / subjunctive mood	the Imperative Mood / imperative mood
George speaks Spanish fluently.	If George only spoke Spanish!	George, speak Spanish,please!
George speaks Spanish fluently.	If only George spoke Spanish!	George, speak Spanish, please!

Formation of an affirmative sentence in the imperative mood

In order to express an affirmative request, wish or order in English, it is enough to put the verb in the infinitive (initial form) without a particle to at the beginning of a sentence, for example:

Go awa y!	Go away!
Come here and help us!	Come here and help us!
Stay where you are now!	Stay where you are now! / Stay where you are / You are standing now!

As can be seen from the above examples, in English sentences containing a verb in the imperative mood, there is no difference between addressing the 2nd person singular (= you) and the 2nd person plural (= you / you). That is, an incentive offer, for example: Translate this text! can be understood and how “Translate this text!” , And How “Translate this text!” depending on the communication situation.

To make an imperative statement more polite, it is worth adding the word please - “please” , which can appear either at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. But unlike the Russian “please”, which is necessarily separated by commas in any position in the sentence, the English please Usually it is not highlighted by a comma at the beginning of a sentence and is highlighted by it at the end of the statement.

Although the excessive emotionality of the expressed phrase makes it possible to use a comma after please at the beginning of a sentence.

Formation of a negative sentence in the imperative mood

To express an order, or a request for another incentive to NOT perform an action, you will need to put an auxiliary verb with negation at the beginning of the sentence - Don’t (= Do not), followed by a semantic verb in its original form:

Don’t tell me your stories!	Don't tell me your stories!
Don't smoke in the room!	Don't smoke indoors!
Don't play on the road!	Don't play on the road!

It is curious that in imperative sentences with negation even the verb to be used with an auxiliary verb Don't , although in
In other types of sentences, it works just fine without an auxiliary verb. Let's compare:

Don 't be late for dinner!	Don't be late for dinner!
Don't be boring! Come to the river with us!	Don't be boring! Come with us to the river!
But!
We weren't late for dinner.	We weren't late for dinner.
She isn’t boring, she is just too busy!	She's not boring, she's just too busy!

As in affirmative sentences, please can be placed here either at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. Using it in the middle is extremely rare.

Sentences with imperative mood

Often in incentive sentences there is an appeal to persons who should or should not perform a particular action. The address is placed at the beginning or end of the sentence (less often in the middle) and is necessarily separated by commas, for example:

Children don't make so much noise!	Children, don't make so much noise! (= ...don't make so much noise!)
Put on your helmet before riding your motorbike Mike!	Put your helmet on before you ride your motorcycle, Mike!
Stop talking Sue and write down the sentence!	Stop talking, Sue, and write down the sentence!

Polite expression of encouragement to action

In addition to the completely obvious word for expressing a polite request please , which has already been described in detail above, other forms of expressing politeness when prompted are also used in English.

In particular, the use of a form close to the disjunctive question c will or won't and pronoun you makes the incentive to act more polite in colloquial speech:

Close the door will you?	Close the door please!
Open your copy-book, won't you?	Open your notebook, please!
Help Alice with the washing up, will you?	Help Alice with the dishes, please!
Enter the room one by one, won't you?	Enter the room one at a time, please!

Since this is not a dividing question in its pure form, but rather its derivative, the choice of an affirmative or negative form here is not motivated by anything and is arbitrary, as can be observed in the examples given above.

In addition, polite requests are often expressed using questions beginning with modal verbs Will/Would/Can/Could , but from a grammatical point of view this is no longer an imperative mood:

W ill you pass me the salt, please?	Can you pass me the salt, please?
Would you be so kind to give me a lift home?	Would you be so kind as to give me a ride home?
Can you offer them something to drink?	Could you offer them something to drink?
Could you open the door, please? It's very hot here.	Could you open the door please? It is very hot in here.

Emotional expression of motivation

In order to make an order or request more persistent and emotionally expressive in spoken English, the affirmative form of the verb is sometimes used Do before the infinitive without a particle to :

Do come to our party!	Come to our party!
Do tell us what you were doing from 5 to 6 p.m.!	Well, tell us what you were doing from 5 to 6 pm!
Do buy this toy, please!	Well, buy this toy, please!

Incentive sentences with the verb let

Verb let , having meanings "to encourage, force, allow" , is a frequent visitor to sentences containing the imperative mood. In such cases, it is placed at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the direct - usually the one who will perform the action, noun or pronoun in the objective case - and then the semantic verb in the form of an infinitive without a particle to. Moreover, if behind the verb let followed by a third person complement, then the beginning of the corresponding Russian sentence is often the word "Let be…" :

Let him join us!	Let him join us!
Let your sister come to the party with you!	Let your sister come to the party with you!
Let them watch this cartoon!	Let them watch this cartoon!

If behind the verb let followed by a pronoun me , then such sentences are most often translated from words “Let me...” or “Let me...” :

Let me take the child from school.	Let me pick up the child from school.
Let me help you.	Let me help you.
Let me play the violin for you.	Let me play the violin for you.

However, the most common pair for the verb let is, perhaps, a pronoun us . Together they form the imperative form Let us... , often shortened to Let's... and meaningful "Let's …" . Phrases of this kind call for joint action:

Let's go hiking!	Let's go hiking!
Let's look for another way!	Let's find another way!
Let’s visit our granny at the weekend!	Let's visit our grandma this weekend!

Expressing motivation in indirect speech

When conveying someone else's words by presenting them in indirect speech, incentive sentences are transmitted in the form with the particle to and infinitive phrases, for example:

Direct speech	Indirect speech
“Send an e-mail to the partners,” the boss asked. / “Send an email to your partners,” the boss asked.	The boss asked to sell an e-mail to the partners. / The boss asked to send an email to the partners.
“Show me your passport!” the police officer ordered. / “Show me your passport! "- ordered the police officer.	The police officer ordered to show him the passport. / The police officer ordered to show him the passport.

If the impulse contains negation, then the particle no t is placed before the infinitive:

We hope that this article helped you make friends with the imperative mood and imperative sentences in English.

Mood in English, as in Russian, helps to understand how the speaker views an action in relation to reality. Mood refers to . There are three inclinations:

• Indicative Mood– the action is considered as real.
• Imperative mood (Imperative Mood)– expresses an incentive to action, an order, a request, advice.
• Subjunctive mood (Subjunctive Mood)– the action is considered not as a real fact, but as an assumption or wish.

As a rule, when studying the topic “Mond in English,” difficulties can arise only with the subjunctive mood. The rest are simple.

Indicative mood in English

In the vast majority of cases, the verb is used in the indicative mood - we are talking about a real action in the present, or. The verb can be in any tense form, active or. In other words, a verb in the indicative mood is “just a verb.”

I don't speak Spanish. - I do not speak Spanish.

Robert lost his wallet. Robert lost his wallet.

Have you seen this man? -Have you seen this man?

Imperative mood in English

The imperative mood expresses the urge to action. One can distinguish an affirmative and a negative form. Affirmative form is formed very simply - you just need to take the verb in its “dictionary” form, that is, without the particle to.

Turn right, then left. - Turn right, then left.

Get in the car. - Get in the car.

Tell me the truth. - Tell me the truth.

If you add a magic word to an imperative sentence please, it can turn from an order into a request, although much still depends on intonation and context.

Pass me those papers. -Give me those documents.

Please, pass me those papers. – Please give me those documents.

To build negative form imperative mood, add don't or don't before the verb.

Don't do that! - Do not do that!

Don't be late, please. - Don't be late, please.

Subjunctive mood in English

The subjunctive mood shows that the action is not considered as real, but as possible, expected or desired. The subjunctive mood is a rather complex topic, but I will try to approach it from a practical perspective, without confusing it with unnecessary (not the most necessary) information.

Forms of the subjunctive mood

It is difficult to say that in the subjunctive mood the verb takes on some special, easily recognizable form. And that's why.

1. For all English verbs, except , the subjunctive form does not differ from the indicative form. The only difference is that the subjunctive forms do not have the ending -s in the 3rd person singular.
2. Regarding the verb to be, then in the present tense it has the form be in all persons and numbers (in the subjunctive mood). In the past tense - form were in all persons and numbers (in colloquial speech it is often replaced by was).

Another common case is when a desired or intended action is expressed by a combination of verbs , + . It turns out that this combination performs the function of the subjunctive mood.

Cases of using past subjunctive forms

Let me remind you, verb to be in the form of the past subjunctive mood - has the form were in all persons and numbers. In modern English, especially in colloquial speech, it is often replaced by was.

Other verbs in the past subjunctive form look exactly the same as those in the simple past tense (indicative mood).

These forms are used:

1. In the subordinate clause of the second type.

If I were you, I would stay here. - If I were you, I would stay here.

If he were here, he would help us. “If he were here, he would help there.”

If we had more time, we would go on playing. – If we had more time, we would continue to play.

2. In sentences like where wish is used to express regret about something not done.

I wish I were here with you. - It's a pity that I wasn't here with you.

I wish I knew. - It's a pity that I didn't know.

3. In subordinate clauses of the manner of action, joined by the conjunction as if:

He spoke as if he were an expert. “He spoke as if he were an expert.”

He worked as if his life dependent on it. “He worked as if his life depended on it.”

It is these three cases of using the subjunctive mood that are most often found in colloquial speech, films, fiction, and journalism.

It is also worth mentioning when the present subjunctive forms are used - this is unlikely to be very useful to you, but it is advisable to know about it.

Cases of using present subjunctive forms

Verbs in the present subjunctive mood are rarely used, mainly in documents.

1. In sentences with phrases like it is important that, it is necessary that:

It is desirable that the candidate be at the office at 7 o’clock. – It is advisable that the candidate be in the office at 7 o’clock.

Please note that in this example the verb to be is used in the subjunctive form - be.

It was important that they began the operation. “It was important that they started the operation.”

The verb commence is used in the present tense, not the past, since the form of the present tense of the subjunctive mood does not depend on the tense of the verb in the main clause.

2. In subordinate clauses that complement verbs with the meaning of order, proposal, decision, agreement (to command, to order, to propose, to decide, etc.):

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In the process of communication, it is difficult to do without motivating speech forms. In order to convey the necessary message to the interlocutor and force him to act, imperative verbs are used. Their use presupposes the presence of a certain order of words in a sentence and a mandatory emotional connotation.

How is the imperative mood formed and used?

The English language has a subjunctive, indicative and imperative mood. By pushing the addressee to perform specific actions, treatment with imperative verbs carries different semantic loads.

In incentive speech patterns, many ways to encourage activity are used:

• request;
• advice;
• warning;
• ban;
• order;
• briefing

Speech figures with the imperative mood generally do not contain a subject, and the predicate is expressed by a verb in an indefinite form without the particle “to”.

The infinitive (n.f.)	Translation		Translation
to look	look	Look there!	Look!
to write	write	Write!	Write!
to do	do	Do it!	Do it!
to listen	listen	Listen to me!	Listen to me!
to get	receive	Get out here!	Get out of here!

The construction of an interrogative form for the imperative mood is rarely done, so many people mistakenly believe that English grammar does not provide for this option.

It is impossible to simply speak using the auxiliary verbs “do” or “does” when using incentive speech patterns. The question will be formed by using the modal verb “shall”. It belongs to the type of imperative-permissive.

The imperative mood (imperative mood)	Translation	Interrogative sentence	Translation
Stay here!	Stay put!	Shall I (we) stay here?	Should I (we) stay where we are?
Sit down!	Sit down!	Shall I (we) sit down?	Should I (we) sit?
Read!	Read!	Shall I (we) read?	Should I (we) read it?
Buy it!	Buy this!	Shall I (we) buy it?	Should I (we) buy it?
Give me that!	Give it to me!	Shall I (we) give you that?	Should I (we) give you (you) this?

To add additional politeness to the imperative mood, the word is placed in the first or last place in the sentence "please". Being at the head of a phrase, it does not require commas. When located at the end of a speech turn, the situation is exactly the opposite.

Sometimes the verb and noun have the same spelling, which creates difficulties for the correct perception of information. When determining the difference between these parts of speech, it is worth paying attention to the direct object, which should be located immediately after the predicate in sentences with an imperative mood.

Types of imperative

In addition to the simple affirmative option, there are imperative sentences with an unusual form of construction. They include auxiliary verbs and other obligatory speech inclusions. They are used to give the desired emotional coloring.

There are four additional forms of the imperative mood:

1. Negative;
2. Polite;
3. Reinforced;
4. With an appeal.

Negative form

Negative sentences in the imperative mood are used to indicate actions that should not be performed.

When constructing this speech form, the auxiliary verb do is used in combination with the particle not. The construction don’t (do not) is placed at the head of the speech pattern, and after it comes the predicate in an indefinite form, without the particle to.

	Translation
Don't talk to him!	Don't talk to him!
Don't leave me alone!	Don't leave me alone!
Don't lie to me!	Don't lie to me!
Don't touch this book!	Don't touch this book!
Don’t give him your presents!	Don't give him your gifts!

The independent verb “to be” loses its independence in negative sentences with an imperative mood. In them it is used in conjunction with the “don’t” construction.

Negative form of the imperative mood	Translation
Don't be afraid!	Don't be scared!
Don't be late!	Don't be late!
Don't be boring!	Don't be boring!
Don't be a fool!	Don't be a fool!
Don't be a little girl! You are a big boy.	Don't act like a little girl! You're a big boy!

Polite form

Along with the word “please”, in incentive sentences, to soften and add politeness, a speech form similar to a dividing question is used. The construction of this construction occurs using the affirmative or negative form of the auxiliary verb "will", as well as the pronoun “you”.

A question mark at the end of a sentence in writing gives the command a polite tone.

Polite form of the imperative mood	Translation
Give me your hand, won’t you?	Give me your hand, please!
Help her with her bag, will you ?	Help her with her bag, please!
Read the weather forecast, won’t you?	Read the weather forecast, please!
Bring my coffee, will you?	Bring my coffee, please!
Close the window, will you ?	Close the window(s), please!

This speech form seems to be only a derivative of the dividing question. The choice between “will” and “won’t” is made arbitrarily and is not explained in any way.

Strengthened form

Auxiliary "do" rarely present in sentences with affirmative connotations. Its use at the beginning of an imperative sentence helps to give the phrase more vivid emotions, and also significantly enhances the weight of the main predicate. This puts additional pressure on the interlocutor.

	Translation
Do sit down!	Sit down!
Do wake up!	Wake up!
Do shut up!	Shut up!
Do open your eyes!	Open your eyes!
Do tell us about it!	Tell us about it!

The strengthened form clearly expresses the emotional overtones of the imperative mood, but it does not always serve as a sign of the speaker’s irritation. Sometimes it is used to say encouraging phrases.

In order to convey anger, contempt or disappointment in an imperative sentence, put the verb “just” at the beginning of the sentence:

Strong form of the imperative mood	Translation
Just do it!	Just do it!
Just write a letter!	Just write a letter!
Just go with him!	Just go with it!
Just drive a car!	Just drive the car!

Application form

Sometimes in sentences with the imperative mood there are addressing the interlocutor. It can be located in any part of the phrase, more often at the beginning or end. This technique is used to accurately designate a person or group of people who are required to perform a particular action.

In writing, the address is always separated by commas.

Imperative mood with address	Translation
Kate, stop worrying!	Kate, stop worrying!
Stay at home, Mike!	Stay home Mike!
Close the window, Mary, and go to the kitchen!	Close the window, Mary, and go to the kitchen!
Do your homework, Ben!	Do your homework, Ben!
Ann, read the book!	Anne, read the book!

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Construction with Let

The verb “let” is translated into Russian as “to encourage, allow, force”.

It often occurs in imperative sentences. The construction of incentive speech patterns involves the location of the word “let” at the very beginning of the phrase.

It is followed by a direct object indicating the person who will perform the action. Typically, this is a pronoun or noun in the objective case. The semantic verb in an indefinite form without the particle “to” comes third.

If the addition is presented in the third person, then, when translated into Russian, the sentence will begin with the word “let”.

	Translation
Let her dance with me!	Let her dance with me!
Let your brother wait in this room!	Let your (your) brother wait in this room!
Let our children watch this cartoon!	Let our children watch this cartoon!
Let Mike read the newspapers!	Let Mike read the newspapers!
Let your son drive the car!	Let your (your) son drive the car!

Often the pronoun “me” is placed immediately after the word “let”. The construction “let me” in the Russian version sounds like “Let me...” and “Let me...”

Imperative mood with the verb “let”	Translation
Let me be your husband!	Let me be your husband!
Let me see your face!	Let me see your face!
Let me take his luggage!	Let me take his luggage!
Let me be a child!	Let me be a child!
Let me write the essay!	Let me write an essay!

The most common use of the verb "let" is to combine it with the objective object "us". “Let us” or, in short, “let’s” symbolize the speaker’s involvement in performing the required actions. Translated as “Let’s...”

Let's look at an example in the table:

Imperative mood with the verb “let”	Translation
Let’s come to our friends’ café tomorrow morning!	Let's go to our friends' cafe tomorrow morning!
Let’s buy the airplane tickets to Costa Rica!	Let's buy plane tickets to Costa Rica!
Let’s sell out our flat in the center of the city!	Let's sell our apartment in the city center!
Let's move to the ocean!	Let's move to the ocean!
Let’s visit your brother in Japan!	Let's visit your brother in Japan!

For imperative sentences with the word “let”, using the auxiliary verb “shall”, you can pose a question that sounds like an invitation, for example:

Imperative mood with the verb “let”	Translation	Question with the auxiliary verb "shall"	Translation
Let's go to a pub!	Let's go to the pub!	Shall we go to a pub?	Shall we go to the pub?
Let's dance!	Let's Dance!	Shall we dance?	Shall we dance?
Let's listen to music!	Let's listen to music!	Shall we listen to music?	Shall we listen to music?
Let's take a taxi!	Let's catch a taxi!	Shall we take a taxi?	Shall we catch a taxi?
Let's watch a TV show!	Let's watch a TV show!	Shall we watch a TV show?	Shall we watch a TV show?

Imperative mood in indirect speech

Indirect speech is used to convey information told by third parties in your own words. This option for conveying incentive offers uses verbs in the infinitive form with the particle “to” or infinitive phrases.

Direct speech	Translation	Indirect speech	Translation
“Stay on the bus stop!” his mother said.	“Stay at the bus stop!” - said his mother.	His mother said to stay on the bus stop.	His mom said to stay at the bus stop.
“Look at her,” our teacher said.	“Look at her,” said our teacher.	Our teacher said to look at her.	Our teacher said to look at her.
“Bring your cup to the kitchen” my father asked.	“Take your mug to the kitchen,” my father asked.	My father asked to bring my cup to the kitchen.	My father asked me to take my mug to the kitchen.
“Watch out!”, she cried.	"Carefully! “she shouted.	She cried to watch out.	She shouted to be careful.
“Read this poem,” he said.	“Read this poem,” he said.	He said to read this poem.	He said to read this poem.

If the imperative mood in direct speech is used in a negative form, then in indirect narration the particle "not" will come before the infinitive.

Direct speech	Translation	Indirect speech	Translation
“Don't make a dial! » the boss ordered.	"Don't make a deal!" - the boss ordered.	The boss ordered not to make a dial.	The boss ordered no deal.
“Don’t leave me,” she said.	“Don’t leave me,” she said.	She said not to leave her.	She said not to leave her.
“Don’t stay alone,” my friend said.	“Don’t be alone,” my friend said.	My friend said not to stay alone.	My friend told me not to be alone.
“Don’t believe him!”, my wife asked.	"Do not trust him!" - my wife asked.	My wife asked not to believe him.	My wife asked me not to believe him.

Exercises

Exercises on the topic of the imperative mood with answers you can.

Conclusion

The imperative mood of a verb is an important speech form, which is difficult to do without in the process of communication. Its use presupposes compliance with a certain structure for the formation of phrases and methods of their use.

Remember:

Here you can find the imperative mood in English / English Imperative Mood.

THE IMPERATIVE MOOD

1. The imperative mood expresses an impulse to action, i.e. an order, request, advice, prohibition, command, etc.

In the nuclear and space era, peace supporters say: "If you want peace, defend it!"
In the nuclear and space age, peace advocates say: “If you want peace, defend it!”

2. The affirmative form of the imperative mood coincides with the form of the infinitive without the particle to:

Stand up! - Get up (you)!
Answer! - Answer (those)!
Go on reading! - Continue reading!

To express an order, request, etc. addressed to the 1st and 3rd person, the verb let is used; the verb let is followed by a direct object (expressed by a noun in the general case or a personal pronoun in the objective case), denoting the person to whom the order or request refers, and the infinitive of the semantic verb without the particle to:

Let him answer!
Let him answer (give, let him answer)!

Let that student go on!
Let that listener continue!

Let's (let us) begin!
Let's start!

3. The negative form of the imperative mood is formed using the auxiliary verb to do in the imperative mood and the negative particle not - do not (short form don"t) and the infinitive of the semantic verb without the particle to:

Don't go there!
Don't go there!

Don't let him be late!
Don't let him be late!

Don't let they smoke here!
Let them not smoke here. (Don't, don't let them smoke here)!

4. To strengthen the request, the verb to do is placed before the verb in the imperative mood:

Do read this article!
Be sure to read this article!

Do let him take the magazine!
Let him take the magazine!

Today we have a rather light but important topic. If you want to be true kings and queens, use the imperative mood! The Imperative Mood, that"s how they call it. How it sounds!

Imperative mood used to express requests, prohibitions, calls, advice and orders. The main function is to express the impulse to action.

So, read the article, remember and be proud of yourself. In addition, we order you to enjoy the process. And orders are not discussed! So let's do this!

About moods in English

Mood is not when you bend down to pick something up from the ground, but a grammatical form of the verb that shows the speaker's attitude towards the action. There are only three of them:

• indicative ( the Indicative Mood), which means that the speaker views the action as a real fact in the present (he drinks beer in the evening), past (I saw a horror movie yesterday) or future tense (she will wake up in the morning).
• subjunctive ( the Subjunctive Mood), showing that the speaker views the action not as a real fact, but as an expected or desired event. In fact, there are quite a few special forms of this mood left in today's English. Not suggested that the execution of the prisoner be postponed. If the King were here, he would help us.
• imperative mood ( The Imperative Mood), which has one 2nd person form and expresses an impulse to action ( open the window, bring me some food, start the show, don't make me mad). It is convenient because it is easy to form: the verb will always have 1 form: as in the dictionary ( in the form of an infinitive without a particle « to"). Therefore, you need to start studying this Mood as early as possible, because the imperative mood is an integral attribute in everyday speech and can help you achieve what you want.

Forms of the imperative mood

Exists affirmative And negative form of the imperative mood, and different ways to express it in English. The affirmative form coincides with the form of the verb taken without the particle “to”:

to wake up - Wake up! Wake up!
to bring a chair - Bring a chair! Bring a chair!

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Look at me!- Look at me!
Give me everything you got!- Give me everything you have!
Come to me!- Come to me!
Wash my car!- Wash my car!

If the speaker wants to strengthen the request and make it more expressive, then you can resort to the auxiliary verb “ do”, which is placed before the infinitive:

Do brush your teeth!- Brush your teeth (of course).
Do show us some respect!- Show respect (definitely).
Now, do tell this story again!- Tell this story again (I beg you)!

Don't forget about politeness: " please», « just», « if you don't mind" In addition, to “soften” a sentence, you can make it interrogative by adding: “ will you», « won't you», « can you" at the end:

Continue to read the article, please, will you?- Continue reading the article, please, okay?

You can also offer someone a cigar or a cookie. Or both together, showing signs of attention and hospitality:

Have a cigar. Would you like another cookie?- Take a cigar. Would you like some more cookies?

When using somebody / someone / anybody / anyone / nobody / everybody / no one as a subject, we also get a sentence in the imperative mood:

Nobody moves —nobody gets hurt! - No one moves, and no one gets hurt!
Somebody call 911! - Someone call the police!

You can also decorate and make our sentence more powerful with the help of adverbs " always" And " never", which are placed before the verb. This is usually a recommendation or advice:

Always carry a gun with you.- Always carry a gun with you.
Never trust anyone.- Never trust anyone.

The imperative mood is also used in spoken English, sometimes figuratively and sometimes to express a question or direction.

Bite me.- Unhook (take a bite).
Guess where I live?- Guess where I live?
I"ll do the cooking and you go take a nap.- I'll cook the food, and you go take a little nap.

If we want to ask a person not to do something (negative form), then we express the imperative mood in English with: “ don't", yet again without particle« to»:

Don't bother me!- Do not bother me!
Don't look at me!- Do not look at me!
Don't touch me you creep!- Don't touch me, creepy man!

Negative incentive form of verbs " to be», « to have" is formed in a similar way:

Don't be stupid.- Don't be stupid.
Don't be scared to tell the truth.- Don't be afraid to tell the truth.
Don't have a try.- Do not try.

These types of sentences, by the way, can have both negative and positive emotional shades:

Don't you dare!- How dare you! / Don't you dare (threat)!
Don't you cry.- Well, don't cry (consolation).

You can express the imperative mood, or rather prohibit doing something, in other ways, for example, using the verb “ stop» + V(ing):

Stop talking!- Stop talking!
Stop yelling at me!- Stop yelling at me!
Stop making noise!- Stop making noise!
Stop faking it!- Stop pretending!

Many have heard the phrase: “ You don't say?!” - Really?! / Come on?! / Can't be! Which is used to express surprise, or, conversely, its complete absence, while showing complete sarcasm. And although, apparently, we have an imperative mood here, this phrase is clearly not translated literally.

Let + imperative

In such sentences the required personal pronoun ( in the objective case) or noun ( All in all) is placed between verb« let" And infinitive.

In combination with the 1st person singular we have a request:

Let me pass.- Let me pass.

If you put it with the 1st person plural, you get a call to joint action:

Let's paint the city red!- Let's party!

Well, in combination with the 3rd person, both singular and plural, it expresses order or permission: Let them laugh. - Let them laugh.

Let him do this work.- Let him do the job.
Let them count up to 10.- Let them count to ten.
Let Nick wash your car.- Let Nick wash your car.
Let me pass, I"m a doctor.- Let me through, I'm a doctor.
Let them die.- Let them die.

Don't forget that verb « let"possesses independent meaning « allow», « let in" But in the examples above, he loses it and is used to encourage joint action. In case of use in independent meaning, form " let us» does not shrink. Pay attention to the shades of meaning:

Let's go.- Let (let) us leave.
Let's go(conversational style). Let us go(official style). - Went. Let's go/let's go.

In the case of constructing a negative form of the imperative mood using the verb “ let» option is also possible without auxiliary verb « do»:

Let's not trust him.- Let's not trust him.
Let her not wake up until you count to three.- Don't let her wake up until you count to three.

Indirect speech and imperative mood

Active voice: He said, « Speak louder." - He said: “Speak up.”
Passive voice: He asked to speak louder.- He asked to speak louder.

In indirect speech after the verb « tell» the pronoun is placed, A after the verb « say» — No.

Active voice: He said, « Touch your nose.»
Passive voice: He said to touch my nose.
Passive voice: He told me to touch my nose.

And what's about negative form? In indirect speech in the imperative mood, negation replaced by an infinitive with a particle« not».

Active voice: He said, « Don't open your mouth.»
Passive voice: He asked not to open the mouth.

The rules for constructing the imperative mood in indirect speech are also quite simple. You need to remove the quotes and change the word “ say" on " tell"or something else, depending on the context. When we convey advice or a request to someone, for example, it would be more correct do not use word " say» ( said) to avoid inaccuracies and loss of semantic nuances. Therefore, in such sentences we replace it with the following words: “ told" - said, " asked" - asked, ordered, " ordered" - ordered, " advised" - advised, " allowed"- allowed. For example:

She said, « I advise you to give up." - She said: “I advise you to give up.”

To convey these words to another person, we remove the quotes And change « say" on " advise" It turns out:

She advised me to give up.- She advised me to give up.

When we want to name a person who addressed someone, we put the character after the verb. For example:

He ordered Simon...He ordered Simon...

Notice how pronouns change:

• I - me;
• we- us;
• they - them;
• he- him;
• she- her;
• you - you;
• it - it.

They told us... - They told us...
He wasn't allowed her... - He allowed her ...

Also note the need to replace some pronouns in sentences:

• here - there;
• now - then;
• today - that day;
• tomorrow - the next day;
• yesterday - the day before;
• this, these - that, those.