How to insulate the ceiling from the side of the room. How and with what to properly insulate the ceiling in a private house with a cold roof? Selection and calculation of the correct insulation

From 25 to 40% of heat is lost through the uninsulated covering of a house. A thrifty owner who seeks to optimize heating costs understands that insulating the roof or attic floor is a direct way to save money. In this article we will look at how to properly insulate a ceiling under cold roof.

There are two ways to insulate an attic floor:

Insulating the ceiling on the room side.
Insulating the ceiling from the cold attic side.

Professionals consider insulating the ceiling from below not the best solution for the following reasons:

Installation of forced ventilation will be required.
To insulate the ceiling, you need effective slab materials with high cost.
Carrying out the work is technically difficult.

The advantage of this method is that work can be performed in any weather.

Insulating the ceiling from above has the following advantages:

It is more competent from the point of view of building thermal physics.
Wider choice of insulation materials.
The work is much easier to complete.

The disadvantage is the dependence on the outside air temperature when working with some insulation materials.

Choice of insulation

When choosing how to insulate a ceiling, you must take into account the following indicators:

Thermal resistance.
Vapor permeability.
Hygroscopicity.
Flammability group.
Volumetric weight.
UV resistance.
Durability.
Safety for human health.
Price.
Possibility of installation without involving a team of builders and renting special equipment.

To insulate the ceiling from below, you can use the following materials:

insulation from mineral wool– rigid, semi-rigid slabs or soft mats based on basalt or stone fiber;
expanded polystyrene boards - foamed or extruded;
polyurethane foam boards;
flax slabs.

Insulation from the attic side gives the widest possible choice of materials. This:

All types of mineral wool insulation - from stone, basalt wool, slag wool, glass wool.
Warm insulating materials made of flax - slabs and mats.
Plates made of expanded polystyrene - foamed, extruded, graphite-containing.
Polyurethane thermal insulation – slabs and liquid polyurethane foam.
Bulk insulation – expanded clay, vermiculite, gas silicate.
Sprayable liquid formulations– ecowool, polystyrene.
Environmentally friendly natural insulation materials - sawdust, straw, reeds, clay.

Mineral wool insulation

These insulation materials are effective, non-flammable, vapor permeable, resistant to sunlight, durable, but absorb moisture and lose their thermal insulation qualities. When laying on top of a ceiling or insulating a ceiling, vapor barrier of the material is required from below and waterproofing from above.

Slag wool is a very cheap TIM, but it is produced from blast furnace waste and may contain residual radiation. Radiation testing of the material is required before purchase.

Glass wool is effective, but its threads during installation form a dangerous respiratory system And skin dust, its use in housing is extremely undesirable.

Thermal insulation made of flax

TIM from flax waste – environmentally friendly pure material, which is similar in performance to mineral wool, but has an undeniable advantage - even absorbing up to 30% of moisture, it does not lose its heat-insulating qualities.

The only negative is the cost is higher than that of a mini-slab.

Expanded polystyrene

Various types of expanded polystyrene are an excellent thermal insulation material, which has two unpleasant qualities - rodents live in it, and therefore it requires special protection, and in the event of a fire it emits toxic smoke, although it does not support combustion. The use of expanded polystyrene indoors requires protection with non-combustible cladding.

Polyurethane foam

Plates and sprayed insulation made of polyurethane foam are by far the most effective heat insulator: they do not absorb moisture, are not afraid of rodents, and are environmentally friendly. Among the disadvantages are the high cost and the need to rent special equipment for spraying.

Bulk insulation

Expanded clay, vermiculite, gas silicate are non-flammable bulk thermal insulation materials, widespread and low cost. Disadvantages - they absorb moisture, are not effective enough and are heavy.

To thermally insulate an attic floor in a residential building in central Russia, you will have to pour a layer 40…50 cm thick with a volumetric weight of 200–300 kg/m3. The reinforced concrete slab will withstand such a load, and the floor wooden joists will have to be strengthened.

Liquid insulation

Ecowool is used for attic thermal insulation quite often - the material has proven itself well, although it requires special equipment for spraying.

The introduction of fire retardants into ecowool and polystyrene reduces the flammability of the materials, which makes them safer.

Natural insulation materials

Natural insulation materials of local origin, such as straw, reeds, flax, sawdust, clay, do not cost anything, or only a penny, this is their main advantage. The use of these materials will not harm nature or humans, but they are ineffective - you have to lay a thick layer, they rot, mice infest them, and they are short-lived.

It is advisable to use these materials as a last resort.

Insulating the ceiling from below

How to properly insulate the ceiling in a house? There are several ways to perform insulation from below:

Using wooden sheathing.

On anchors followed by plastering over the mesh.

On anchors with plasterboard lining.

The layer-by-layer structure with the sheathing device looks like this:

Load-bearing beams of the attic floor.
Rough floor.
A waterproofing membrane secured to the beams with lathing installed in a direction perpendicular to the beams.
Plates of insulating material on glue are placed in the cells of the sheathing.
A vapor barrier layer is attached to double-sided vapor-permeable tape.
The lining is carried out with plasterboard, chipboard, OSB or clapboard.

For insulation from below reinforced concrete slab you can use the second technology:

Anchors are placed on the ceiling with dowels in a checkerboard pattern every 300 mm.
The insulation boards are wrapped in vapor barrier material, securing the edges with double-sided vapor-permeable tape.
The insulation is placed over the anchors, and the anchors are folded back.
Mount plaster mesh, tying it with wire to the anchors.
Perform plastering on the mesh.

The third technology differs from the second in that guides are attached to the anchors after installing the heat insulator metal frame for plasterboard covering.

Technologies for insulating the attic floor from above

In the case of insulation from the attic side, the design looks like this:

Load-bearing floor beams, if necessary, increasing the height of the beams by installing additional wooden blocks.
Rough floor.
Laying the vapor barrier layer as a continuous sheet, with an overlap of 10...15 cm, secured with double-sided vapor-permeable tape.
Laying TIM - slabs, mats or bulk.
The waterproofing layer is a membrane or bitumen-polymer based material.
Air gap – 40 mm.
Laying walking decks.

The height of the load-bearing floor beams in this structure must be no less than 40 mm higher than the thermal insulation.

Insulation with bulk material on the floor will have the following form:

Floor slab.
Vapor barrier.
Bulk thermal insulation.
Polyethylene film.
Boardwalk.

You can insulate the attic floor with a mixture of clay and sawdust. To preserve heat in the house, you will need a layer of TIM 20...30 cm thick. To prepare the sawdust-clay mixture, you will need a concrete mixer.

pour 4...5 buckets of clay into a barrel of water or another container, stir until completely dissolved;
the mixture is poured into a concrete mixer, sawdust is added;
stir by adding water;
the mixture is poured onto a layer of vapor barrier material.

When drying, the mixture may crack; the cracks are covered with clay.

Conclusion

There are a large number of technologies for insulating cold floors; for work you can use the most different materials. There is nothing difficult or impossible in insulating a floor with your own hands, although you may need an assistant.

Ceiling insulation in a private house depends on the type of ceiling: basement or basement, interfloor, attic and roof. Let's consider all types of ceilings in a private house and ways to insulate ceilings in a private house.

When designing the construction of a private house or carrying out reconstruction, they make up diagram of thermal insulation locations for blocking structures. Then they calculate the area, the thickness of the insulation for each of the insulation sections, the amount of materials for thermal insulation of the ceiling of the house and other floors: roof, basement, veranda, walls.

Methods for insulating the ceiling of a private house selected based on the following factors:

Insulation sides: outside or inside;
Structural features of the floor (concrete slab, wood panels floors);
Ease of installation;
The cost of insulation for the ceiling of the house and insulation work;

The diagram shows premises for various purposes : entrance veranda, living part of the house and attic, utility part located in a heated basement, basement part, which can be located under the veranda. This diagram of ceiling insulation in a house from the inside and outside shows where the rooms need to be insulated.

1. Insulation of the ceiling in a house with an attic from the inside.
1a. Insulation along the attic floor beams from the outside.
1m. Insulation of the ceiling of a house from the side of an unheated attic.
1l. Attic hatch insulation.
1st century Insulation of the ceiling in a private house from the outside (veranda).
1c. Thermal insulation of floor slabs of a basement or unheated basement.
1 year Waterproofing a heated basement.
2. Insulation of the roof part of the attic.
3-17. Thermal insulation of walls inside and outside, windows, doors.

Whenever possible, ceiling insulation in private houses is carried out outside, but this is not always possible; sometimes they are isolated from the inside of the room.

Insulating the ceiling from inside the house

The traditional way to insulate the ceiling of a private house is thermal insulation of wooden floors along joists. Let's look at a fragment of the diagram - insulating the attic ceiling in a private house from the inside of the attic.

The ceiling (1) - gypsum plasterboard or OSB sheets - is attached to the floor beams (2).
Ceiling insulation for the house (3) is laid between the beams; if people live in the attic year-round, then a vapor barrier is not laid. The insulation (3) performs the function of sound insulation.
The floor (4) is laid on damper pads so that the floor sheets do not sag when walking; additionally, transverse joists are attached between the beams.
(5) GKL.
(6) – vapor barrier.
(7) – lattice strip 20 x 50 mm.
(8) – thermal insulation; Insulation of the ceiling with stone wool in a private house is carried out from the inside of the living space. The material is environmentally friendly and fire safe.
(9) - rafter board 50 x 150 or 50 x 200 mm, the wider, the thicker the insulation layer, which also plays the role of a noise absorber.
(10) – counter-lattice to create a ventilation gap.
(11) – vapor barrier membrane.
(12) – Metal tiles or other roofing material.

Using the example of a veranda, let's see how to insulate the ceiling of a house from the outside when above it unheated room . It is better to carry out thermal insulation when building a veranda, when access to the ceiling is free. The scheme is approximately the same as the previous one, but here the insulation is located between the waterproofing and vapor barrier films.

(1) – ceiling made of tongue and groove boards.
(2) – floor beam, board 50 x 200 mm.
(3) – waterproofing.
(4) – thermal insulation with basalt wool.
(5) – vapor barrier.
(6) – floor of the ceiling. You can leave only the vapor barrier, the floor is not needed, because this space is not used. The top will be covered with a pitched roof.

Advice. To insulate floors, use natural materials that are easily available in your area and literally lying under your feet: sawdust, moss, straw, clay, reeds, reeds, shavings. They are usually mixed with clay.

Ceiling insulation with reeds found application in a private home, where this raw material is abundant. Reed is an excellent environmentally friendly material, and most importantly, it is free. It is prepared like reed: dried under a canopy, then tied into mats with thin wire, and laid on the waterproofing film of the veranda ceiling.

The disadvantage of this method is fire danger insulation. Thermal insulation of the ceiling of the house is better done non-flammable materials: basalt wool, expanded clay, extruded styrofoam.

How to insulate a ceiling with expanded clay in a private house

Best use expanded clay– thermal insulation of basement, basement, unheated ceilings attic space. Ceiling insulation with expanded clay in a private house is shown in the picture.

The veranda is laid on a tongue and groove board vapor barrier film "Izospan", then fill in a layer of expanded clay 15-20 cm and there is no need to lay anything else down, everything will be under the roof.

Insulation of the ceiling on the veranda of a private house with ecowool is carried out if it is impossible to insulate it from the outside. Eco-wool is laid between the floor beams, then a vapor barrier film is attached to the beams with a stapler, a 20x50 mm counter batten is nailed to the beams for a ventilation gap, and then the ceiling is sewn with gypsum plasterboard or other material, as in the insulation diagram discussed above, where instead of (1) there are gypsum plasterboard sheets , and instead of (4) – stone wool lay ecowool.

Do-it-yourself ceiling insulation in a private house

Thermal insulation attic floor On the attic side, customers often do it themselves. Knowing insulation technology, this work is not difficult to complete. Especially on the finished floor.

If the attic floor is not used for housing, then insulation of the ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete is carried out as shown in the picture.

How to insulate a ceiling in a private house with your own hands

Measure the area of the space where the waterproofing will be laid.
They purchase film, adhesive tape, polyurethane foam, roll insulation 100 mm thick.
Foam the gaps between the beams and the floor.
Lay the film between the floor beams.
The joints of the film are taped.
Insulation on the ceiling in a private house is laid between the beams, the distance between them is 57-59 cm.

The insulation is covered with roofing felt on top, ladders are made for walking, or OSB sheets are nailed to the beams, equipping the attic for storage.

What is the best way to insulate the ceiling of a private house?

The market for thermal insulation materials is represented by roll and sheet (in the form of mats) insulation from domestic and foreign manufacturers. For each of the floors, thermal insulation is selected according to the following criteria:

Environmental safety, for indoor floors.
Fire safety, for all floors.
Low thermal conductivity is expressed as W/m K.
Durability.
Cost of material and installation.

Insulation of the ceiling in the house expensive materials does not guarantee the quality of insulation at all.

Advice. It is important to follow the technology of ceiling insulation in a private home. Thermal insulation is a barrier to the escape of heat from the house. Proper insulation of the ceiling in a private home does not mean that it is necessary to retain heat. The room should not be sealed tightly to prevent accumulation of harmful substances: carbon dioxide or radon. Therefore, ventilation in the house is also needed.

How to insulate a ceiling from the inside in a private house with your own hands

It’s quite possible to do it basement insulation or basement floor ourselves. How to insulate the ceiling in a house over a wooden floor is shown in the picture.

Extruded polystyrene foam insulation (2) “BATEPLEX” 50 mm thick is cut to size between beam floor. The joints and places adjacent to the beams are foamed with a sealant. Then the second layer is laid in a checkerboard pattern. All joints and cracks are sealed with polyurethane foam; GCR is sewn along the beams. Insulation of the ceiling in a private house from the inside with polystyrene foam is done in the same way. Advantages of insulation with BATEPLEX slabs:

The boards are lightweight, attached to wood and concrete pavement liquid nails.
The structure of the plates is steam and waterproof.
Low thermal conductivity.
A fire-retardant layer of plaster can be applied to the surface of the slabs.
Environmental friendliness and durability.

How to insulate a ceiling in a private house from the inside

When it comes to thermal insulation from inside the building, then you need to understand that interfloor ceilings are often not insulated, but made sound insulation. Only those rooms that cannot be insulated from above are insulated from the inside. This usually happens when cold penetrates from the basement or basement. Then from within basements insulate the ceiling as shown above.

How do you insulate the ceiling of the house, which is located under unheated attic? Just like in the last picture, only additionally attached to the beams vapor barrier film. Then a counter batten and then a gypsum board are additionally nailed onto the beams. If the ceiling is concrete, then glue the BATEPLEX slabs to concrete slab, the joints are sealed with polyurethane foam, and then decorated with a stretch ceiling.

How to properly insulate the ceiling in a private house so that moisture does not accumulate in the insulation. For this there are waterproofing and vapor barrier materials. These are not only various films, but also a number of materials that have been used for a long time. Familiar to everyone roofing felt, excellent vapor barrier material, thick glassine, various bitumen-based mastics.

The task of proper insulation– prevent condensation from forming in the insulation, that temperature difference at which wet steam condenses in the form of fog or dew drops. Moisture should not penetrate into the insulation, and if a small amount does penetrate, then this moisture must be allowed to evaporate.

Advice. Correct installation film, helps remove moisture from the insulation. Ventilation gaps serve to quickly evaporate moisture from the insulation. When purchasing film, ask for installation instructions.

What is the best way to insulate a ceiling? private house. The owner's desire is for it to be warm and beautiful. Regardless of how to insulate the ceiling in a private house from the outside or from the inside, these conditions must be met, plus sound insulation. These issues are being resolved suspended ceiling systems. They decorate communications and defects in the main ceiling.

How can you insulate the ceiling in a private house under a suspended ceiling? This need arises when premises are being renovated and communications are being laid along with thermal insulation.

The ceiling is insulated using the joist method or attaching insulation to the ceiling. Methods for insulating the ceiling in a private house are described above. To these you can also add options for ceiling insulation in a private house for cold ceilings - thermal insulation using natural materials and expanded clay concrete screed, as well as thermal insulation with bulk and coating materials (a mixture of clay with sawdust, shavings).

Thermal insulation materials Our northern neighbors the Scandinavians have been using it for a long time. The concept of thermal insulation is to use materials with low thermal conductivity, using steam and waterproofing, temperature control systems and chemical composition air.

High-quality insulation of the ceiling in the house allows you to retain heat in cool weather and prevent the room from heating up in hot weather. Insulating the ceiling in a private house means winning economically and increasing the level of comfort. But how to insulate a ceiling for less? The market offers a large selection of solutions for this.

First steps when insulating the ceiling: general rules

Insulating the ceiling is a necessary measure, despite the high labor costs. As a result, the owner will receive comfortable conditions accommodation with low fuel consumption for heating in winter.

How to insulate the ceiling in a house? Main rules:

Choosing an environmentally friendly and safe material.
The insulation must be made of non-combustible material.
The material must have not only thermal insulation properties but also high level, but also not to disturb the natural humidity. That is, he must breathe.
The material should not be exposed to moisture.

Pay attention! Only compliance with all parameters guarantees high quality thermal insulation after work.

Preparatory work: selection of material

5 materials meet the above criteria. They are recommended for use when installing a thermal insulation layer on the ceiling of a private house with your own hands:

Foam plastic. A polymer characterized by fire safety and lack of sensitivity to moisture.
Penoizol. A polymer with a porous structure that has an unlimited service life.
Mineral wool. Feature - it absorbs moisture, so water in one form or another should not get on it. The most popular material.
Ecowool. Saves heat no worse than its mineral counterpart. Produced on the basis of cellulose.
Expanded clay. Made from clay - natural component. The advantage is that rodents never breed in it. In addition, expanded clay is not afraid of moisture. Loose.

Only the last 2 materials are natural. But the others don't either negative influence on human health.

You can create a warm ceiling using budget funds, which you always have in abundance at hand:

Slag. Negatively affects the service life of floors. Emits a small amount of radiation.
Sawdust. Over time, they are spoiled by insects, losing some of their properties.
Dry grass. Promotes the establishment of insects and rodents.

Economical solutions have drawbacks, but they have the right to be used in non-permanent housing and outbuildings of the old type, where it is a pity to invest large amounts of money - dachas, old houses or in a bathhouse.

Installation of insulation: location options

The main heat loss in the house occurs through the ceiling of the last floor, above which there is an attic with a roof. Accordingly, there are 2 methods of installing insulation:

Outer.
Interior.

Both methods give the desired result. But there are differences. They depend not only on the installation features, but also on what materials are used. Namely:

Vapor permeable.
Waterproofing.

That is, this is how a material can work with moisture - absorb and let it through or repel it. For interior finishing, a vapor-permeable material is used, and for the exterior, water-repellent material is used.

It is used if there is no attic above the residential floor. You will need:

Install the frame. Typically made of wood, on the floor of the attic. The final design depends on the insulating material.
Fill the frame with heat-insulating material.

At this point, the insulation layer can be left untouched. However, if the attic is periodically used for domestic purposes and you have to walk on its floor, then the insulating layer needs to be covered:

Concrete.
Plywood or clapboard.

Internal insulation

If there is a regularly used room above the living space, in the form of an attic or warehouse, it is advisable to use an internal insulating structure. Disadvantages of this method:

Labor intensive.
Reducing the height of the walls.

Pay attention! When installing insulation internally, waterproofing will be required between the insulation and the ceiling. It is needed if a vapor-permeable material is used.

When building a new house, if the project did not provide for internal insulation, it is enough to make changes to the project. But for a house that has already been put into operation, this can become a problem, especially with a low ceiling height. And if the structure of a wooden ceiling can be changed, then a concrete ceiling cannot be changed.

To carry out the work, a frame is also formed, which is filled with insulation. The structure is then covered with plasterboard.

Pay attention! The peculiarity of using cotton wool (mineral and eco) is that it cannot be compressed to reduce its thickness. It contains pores that reduce its thermal conductivity. Therefore, it should be used with caution for interior decoration.

Examples of work performed

Each material is unique and must be laid on the ceiling using its own, separate technology. Required materials and tools:

Boards or metal profiles to form the frame.
Insulation.
Cutting tools.
Fasteners
Protection - glasses, respirator, gloves.

Nuances of the work being carried out:

There should be no breaks in the vapor barrier film. Including between the seams. The purlins should be overlapped.
In the frame, the distance between the slats should be 1-2 cm less than the width of the insulation sheet. The height of the frame is 1-2 cm higher than the thickness of the insulation to ensure air circulation to the waterproofing layer on top.

Below we consider ways to insulate the ceiling with popular insulation materials.

A bulk material that has gained popularity as a thermal insulating layer for floors. Lately it has been used as an inexpensive insulation material for ceilings. Specifications:

Not subject to oxidation, including combustion.
Does not emit harmful substances.
Does not attract rodents and does not become covered with fungus.
Inferior to cotton wool and polystyrene foam in thermal insulation properties.
Heavy. Use only on strong ceilings with support beams.

Installation technology:

A layer of vapor barrier is laid on the floor of the attic. You can use regular film.
The niches between the beams are filled with expanded clay. It is advisable to use fractions different sizes to form several layers. Thickness - at least 20 cm. In cold climates - from 40 cm.
The material is leveled.
A vapor barrier is installed on top.
Laying the floor.

An alternative material is foam glass. It retains heat better.

This material is called liquid foam. Special additives make it non-flammable and repel rodents. The disadvantage of the installation is that you need qualified workers with equipment who can properly insulate.

The technology is simple. Foam insulation with a layer thickness of 20-30 cm is poured onto the vapor barrier, which has been previously covered. If necessary, the floor can be mounted on top.

insulation ceiling mineral wool is the most popular method. Easy to do with your own hands. Types of mineral wool:

Slag-like. Made from blast furnace slag. Unsuitable material for insulation due to increased hygroscopicity and high thermal conductivity.
Stone. Made from rock with the addition of clay. Has low thermal conductivity.
Glass wool. Has the lowest thermal conductivity. It is characterized by low cost. Upon contact with human mucous membranes, it causes irritation.

Installation procedure:

Lay a vapor barrier layer.
Mount the frame.
Place cotton wool.
Attach waterproofing to the wool.

Polymer cellular material. Thermal insulating properties are similar to glass wool. Material properties:

Low cost.
Light weight.
Flammable, with the release of toxic substances. When heated, they can also be released.
Rodents can build a nest in it.
Contributes to the greenhouse effect.

Installation options:

Using a frame.
For glue.

The foam is placed on the frame similar to the method with cotton wool. However, you should first apply liquid nails to the frame slats and the top of the foam. Installation with glue:

Cleaning and washing the installation surface. You will need a primer.
Apply glue to the top of the foam and press the sheet to the ceiling surface.
The glued sheets are covered with a layer of plaster and then reinforced with reinforcing fiber. Plaster is also placed on top of it.

During the cold season, any house loses heat due to leaks at the joints building structures, cracks in windows and doors, as well as due to thermal radiation from walls, floors and ceilings into the surrounding space. At the same time, ceilings and roofs account for 15 to 45% of all heat losses. Therefore, the ceiling must be insulated, eliminating heat loss due to the release of heated air and due to heat transfer. Most insulation methods do not require expensive equipment or special qualifications of workers. They are quite capable of doing the work of insulating a house with their own hands.

In addition to the most important task - heat preservation - thermal insulation work also solves one more - maintaining optimal humidity. For this, in addition to insulation materials, vapor barrier and waterproofing membranes are used to prevent condensation from accumulating on ceilings and walls. Semi-permeable membrane films allow water vapor to pass through them in one direction and do not allow moisture to pass through in the opposite direction.

General scheme of ceiling and roof insulation

Ceiling and roof insulation schemes

From the point of view of insulation, all roofs are divided into two types:

Warm. Under the roofing material there are several layers: vapor barrier, ceiling insulation and waterproofing. They are held in place by battens - spatial structures attached to the rafters. The ceiling of attic rooms is insulated according to exactly this scheme.
Cold. They have a layer of roofing material and load-bearing structure and a layer of vapor and waterproofing placed under them. Air gap in the attic is an additional barrier to heat loss. The ceiling located under the so-called cold roof must be insulated and waterproofed.

Features of ceiling insulation

The main feature of insulating a flat ceiling is the inability to arrange condensate drainage, as is done for sloping roofs. Therefore, almost all insulation solutions are aimed at removing water vapor upward, ensuring its unhindered passage through all layers.

Cold overlap

How to properly insulate a ceiling in a cold attic? Air gaps are left above a cold or heat-conducting ceiling (for example, concrete). The first, auxiliary between the vapor barrier film and the insulation, comes into effect when there are large temperature changes and heavy condensation. It must be well ventilated. It is easier to make the main gap between the insulation and the waterproofing layer ventilated - just leave a small gap around the perimeter. It is preferable to insulate a cold ceiling both from above and from below. The insulation used for the ceiling located under a cold attic must be moisture resistant.

Warm ceiling

A floor made of materials with low thermal conductivity, such as wood, is called warm. Such floors, which themselves serve as a heat insulator, need only be insulated from above. Even if condensation forms due to extreme temperature changes, it will be absorbed into wooden structures, without changing their properties, and will subsequently evaporate. As a rule, this process is invisible to the inhabitants.

The vapor barrier is laid on the ceiling without a gap, then the insulation is laid. The air gap between the thermal insulation layer and the hydrobarrier membrane should also be left and will provide the possibility of its ventilation.

Insulation materials

There is no clear answer to the question of which insulation is better. The choice is determined by several factors, such as:

thermal insulation properties;
ceiling design features;
price;
qualification and equipment requirements
availability of materials.

Materials for insulation are divided into basic and auxiliary. The auxiliary ones include barrier and membrane ones.

Barriers and membranes

Vapor barriers

Vapor barriers are needed to prevent water vapor from passing through them. For their production, polypropylene films with a thickness of over 55 microns are used.

Polyethylene is unsuitable as a vapor barrier - over time, due to temperature fluctuations, it cracks and begins to let vapor through. However, if you solder a layer of polyethylene and a layer of foil, you get a high-quality vapor barrier.

Folgoizols also provide a layer of fibrous nonwoven fabric padding polyester type. This layer collects moisture from the insulation and carries it away through capillaries. If it is present, there is no need to create an additional air gap above the cold ceiling.

Membranes

Multilayer reinforced membrane materials allow vapor to pass in one direction and retain moisture in the opposite direction. The reinforcing mesh layer ensures the strength of the film, prevents it from sagging and guarantees a constant size of the main air gap.

Membranes with a reinforcing layer

Read also - do it yourself.

Membranes for installation under the roof have a metallized outside. It increases resistance to weather conditions - high humidity, wind loads and temperature changes.

Insulation materials

What is the best way to insulate a cold ceiling? The main thermal insulation materials used for insulating ceilings can be divided into the following categories:

Solid. Such materials consist of foamed plastics, are little susceptible to moisture, and are easy to install.
Fibrous. Mats or rolls are formed from compressed fibers. Inexpensive, have good thermal insulation. Sensitive to moisture, when wet they lose their thermal insulation properties.
Bulk. Traditional bulk materials- , expanded clay, etc. The cheapest ones have the weakest thermal insulation. Ecowool stands out separately - an expensive, but extremely effective material.
Sprayable. Modern coatings from foamed plastics. They are sprayed locally and do not form joints or seams. Best thermal insulation, very expensive equipment.

How to insulate the ceiling, everyone decides for themselves, based on their needs and capabilities.

Mineral wool

Rolled mineral wool

The most popular type of fibrous materials. Produced from several types of raw materials:

Basalt wool from volcanic rocks. High strength and density, short hard fibers. High moisture resistance.
Glass wool from recycled glass. Low strength, light and elastic, long elastic fibers.
Slag from blast furnace waste. Low thermal insulation properties, low cost. Not applicable for residential buildings.

Mineral wool insulation is not required special equipment, the installation process is simple and quite fast. It is produced both in rolls and in slabs with insulation thickness up to 150 mm.

Mineral wool is harmful to health; during installation you must use a respirator, protective gloves and goggles.

Attention! If fibers get on the mucous membranes, respiratory or digestive organs, you should immediately consult a doctor.

After installation during operation, mineral wool is completely harmless to those living in the house.

An important feature of mineral wool that must be taken into account when designing and installing is the large number of joints and junctions. They need to be done so that the gap is minimal, the slabs are laid against the guides and opposite each other. Half-centimeter gaps between slabs can reduce the effectiveness of the coating by a third.

Correct and incorrect installation insulation

The thermal insulation properties of mineral wool are reduced until they are lost when the material gets wet. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the removal of vapors and condensate.

Monolithic

The most suitable and popular material for thermal insulation of ceilings is polystyrene foam. It is produced in the form of 1200*600mm panels equipped with tongue and groove. This allows you to make high-quality joints during installation. In addition, cracks and gaps are sealed with polyurethane foam. The material is resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations. Works great when insulating ceilings both outside and inside

Its disadvantage is low fire resistance. When burned, it releases substances harmful to health.

Insulation with polyurethane foam

Polystyrene foam, or polyurethane foam, is significantly cheaper than polystyrene foam, but has low strength and is prone to chipping. Suitable for insulating ceilings from the inside.

Sprayed and bulk materials

Sprayed materials are very effective, have no joints or seams, and almost do not burn. They can be effectively sprayed into hard to reach places and cavities, providing thermal insulation where other materials can only be placed with partial dismantling of building structures.

The main disadvantage is the extremely high cost of the equipment and the highly qualified operator. This hinders the widespread adoption of this promising method.

Ecowool

Very promising as bulk and sprayed insulation for roofs and ceilings. Occupies an intermediate position between sprayed and bulk materials. It is made from recycled paper and has the same thermal conductivity as mineral wool. Fibers with the addition of glue are fed to the surface or into the cavity under slight pressure and harden there. When wet, it partially loses its properties, but after drying they return.

Additives in ecowool make it low flammable, environmentally safe and unattractive to rodents and mold. The material does not cause allergies and does not contribute to the development of cancer.

Methods for laying ecowool

Applying ecowool does not require special qualifications, and installation is a little more complicated than a vacuum cleaner. One of the few drawbacks is the requirement for application temperature: not lower than +23 o C

Expanded clay and foam glass crumbs (foam crumbs)

When filling with expanded clay or foam crumbs, it is necessary to take into account that its thermal insulation properties are low compared to more modern materials. Therefore, a significantly thicker layer will be required.

Expanded clay - traditional bulk insulation

A few advantages of the material are its low cost, moisture resistance and non-flammability.

Expanded clay is used in budget decisions, as an outer layer, the internal thermal insulation is performed with mineral wool

Scheme of two-layer insulation with expanded clay and mineral wool

Sawdust and shavings

These materials can be attractive due to their low cost; sawdust and shavings can be obtained completely free of charge at woodworking factories. Wood shavings have a high fire hazard; sawdust burns much worse.

Ceiling insulation

Let's consider the process of insulating the attic ceiling with mineral wool. The technology varies based on the specific designs and circuits chosen.

Outside

The simplest and quick way thermal insulation – inter-beam. If the ceiling is made of solid boards, the vapor barrier must be placed around the beams or the film folded over them. If the ceiling is made of thin lining or slats, a foil vapor barrier film is attached below the beams, along the ceiling.

Insulation methods wooden ceiling from the attic

A complete insulation scheme requires significantly more labor, materials and time, but it is also much more effective. An over-beam double layer of slabs is added to the inter-beam layer of rolls or mats. The layers must be laid overlapping.

How to insulate a cold ceiling from the inside

When choosing a method of thermal insulation of the ceiling from the inside, you need to understand that any of them will reduce the height of the room. Minimal height loss will occur in case of installation stretch ceiling or a suspended plasterboard ceiling. In this case, thermal insulation boards can be placed between the guide metal profiles.

Fastening basalt wool to disc dowels

If a suspended ceiling is not planned, then the insulation boards can be attached in various ways:

Still, make guides from wooden slats or metal profiles.
Secure the panels with special disc dowels. For one mat measuring 1200 * 600 mm you need at least 4-5 dowels
Glue to the ceiling with mastic.

Glued to the bottom of the insulation reinforced mesh, and leveling primer and layers of paint are applied to it.

No attic

When insulating buildings without an attic, in addition to solving the problem of heat preservation itself, it is necessary to ensure the removal of excess moisture, both contained in the air in the form of vapor and condensing on cold surfaces.

Scheme for buildings without an attic

A vapor barrier is laid under the light ceiling, and a layer of thermal insulation material is laid on it. It is necessary to provide two ventilated gaps - between the thermal insulation and waterproofing and between the waterproofing and roofing material. You need to install vents along the ridge or simply lift the ridge cap so that the air can escape freely.

Special cases

Let's look at a few special cases

In an apartment building

Apartments on the top floors apartment buildings known as cold. Especially if the builders performed thermal insulation of the ceiling in violation of the technology. Any independent work in the attic apartment building illegal, it is better to spend time complaining to the construction or operating organization and forcing them to fulfill their obligations to ensure normal temperatures. But the claim process is not a quick process, and the rooms are already cold today.

However, you can insulate the ceiling quickly and inexpensively from the inside and do it yourself. You will have to “please” your neighbors by drilling numerous holes in the ceiling for dowels, but the result is worth it.

Ceiling insulation in apartment building

Another drawback will be a reduction in the height of the rooms by 4-5 cm, and around the perimeter of the ceiling - up to 40 cm. But heat is more expensive.

A system of guides made of wooden slats or metal profile 4 cm high. 30 mm thick sheets of foam plastic are laid between them and attached to the ceiling with disc-shaped dowels.

After this, a foil vapor barrier is attached along the lower edges of the guides. Slopes with a radius of 40-40 cm are made along the perimeter, ensuring a smooth connection between the planes of the lines of the false ceiling and walls. At the last stage, the sheets are attached moisture-resistant plasterboard. Curvilinear slopes are covered with foam chips, starting from the short sides of the room. Ecowool is also suitable for this.

Attic

A residential attic must be insulated. Insulation of a non-residential attic will not hurt either - this will be an additional barrier to the cold entering the residential floors. How to reliably insulate the ceiling in a residential attic? The most common scheme is insulation with mineral wool or polyurethane foam slabs laid between the rafters. For vertical walls, you will need to take special cotton wool with a low shrinkage coefficient.

Attic thermal insulation diagram

Special attention You will need to pay attention to vapor barrier. In an already built house, the space under the ridge is not always available. In this case, ecowool can help out - it can be blown through temporary technological holes, which are then sealed with polyurethane foam.

Garage and bathhouse

The roof of a garage is often supported by metal I-beams. When installing guides for insulation, drilling holes from bottom to top in a steel beam is inconvenient, so the method shown in the figure is used. Thermal insulation boards are laid in two overlapping layers. Instead of fibrous materials, you can try ecowool. In this case, you can do without foil insulation, and instead lay kraft paper on the false ceiling.

Installation diagrams for bathhouses and garages

For the bathhouse, a standard thermal insulation scheme is used. High humidity the premises require the use of basalt wool - insulating the ceiling of a building with glass wool is not recommended. Particular attention should be paid to the quality of ventilation of the gaps. Ecowool must be moistened with glue. If a bath ceiling is insulated, working from the attic side, bulk materials such as sawdust and shavings are often used.

Worker skills and tools

Popular insulation methods do not require expensive equipment or high qualifications. For insulation, a home craftsman will only need general construction skills and ordinary tools:

hammer
screwdriver
hacksaw
stepladders
roulette

When installing the guides, it is best to call an assistant. Help with cutting and laying rolled materials would also be helpful.

Before starting work and purchasing materials, it is necessary to make a sketch drawing. This will help you not make mistakes with the dimensions and correctly calculate the amount of materials purchased.

Insulating the ceiling in a private house with a cold roof ensures a comfortable microclimate in the building throughout the year. It is carried out from the attic or living quarters using mineral wool, sawdust, polyurethane foam, expanded clay, polystyrene foam and other materials.

Proper insulation of the ceiling makes it possible to retain 25–40% of the heat lost through the roof. This saves a lot of money spent on electric, gas and other types of heating.

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Warm and cold roofs - design features

High-quality insulation of the roof of a private house is an important task. Experts recommend solving this problem at the construction stage. Properly designed and executed thermal protection has the following properties:

protects the building from damage;
reduces heat loss;
forms optimal temperature indicators in the premises of the home.

Individual housing constructions are covered with warm and cold roofs. There are significant differences between them.

The first refers to structures with slopes that are completely protected from frost by a cake made of successive layers of moisture-, heat-insulating and roofing materials. They are built in cases where the attic (attic) is used as a living space.

Warm roofs cover buildings that are used throughout the year. The cost of constructing such structures is high. Therefore, many owners of private houses and summer cottages install cold roofs. The costs of their installation are significantly lower.

An uninsulated roof is made of wood truss structure with waterproofing laid on it and roofing covering. Such systems are recommended for houses with unheated attic space, private garages and bathhouses.

In order to create a comfortable temperature regime and reduce the cost of heating homes with a cold roof, the ceiling located under it is insulated. The effectiveness of this measure is high, since heated air, according to the laws of physics, always moves upward.

Thermal insulation options – which one to choose?

Protection of the ceiling surface from the cold, if necessary, is carried out in the house in use. There are two ways to perform this procedure:

From the outside (attic side).
From inside the room.

The first method is considered more effective by experts. This is due to the fact that the ceiling in a private house is in most cases made of wood, which is an excellent thermal protector.

When insulating the outside, backfill and slab materials are used. The selected insulator is mounted on the ceiling, after which it is covered with a subfloor.

Protection from the inside is carried out when there is no access to the attic, and during the reconstruction of old houses with ready-made attic structures. In such cases, the following installations are carried out sequentially on the ceiling:

lathing (frame) made of wooden or metal elements;
insulation;
sheathing made of plasterboard sheets (GKL).

The disadvantages of the technique are a noticeable reduction in the height of the room, the labor intensity and complexity of the operation, and insufficient efficiency. Therefore, thermal insulation from the inside is rarely carried out.

Important point! Any type of insulation in houses with cold roofs should be carried out comprehensively, that is, protect not only the ceiling, but also windows, doors, and floors.

Types of heat insulators and requirements for them

For thermal protection of ceilings they are used various materials.They must have the following properties:

Sufficient moisture resistance.
Resistant to fire.
Low thermal conductivity.
Environmentally friendly.
Light weight.
Durability.

Home craftsmen most often perform ceiling insulation using sawdust and other natural materials, mineral wool, expanded clay, ecowool, polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam, penoizol and polyurethane foam. Thermal insulation of concrete surfaces is recommended:

filling products;
dense mats and slabs.

For wooden floors, it is better to use rolled and bulk materials.

Old-fashioned methods are still used today

Some home craftsmen insulate ceiling surfaces with natural materials - clay, sawdust, reeds, algae, hay, pine needles, straw, old leaves. They are easy to assemble yourself or purchase with minimal financial investments.

Such gifts of nature are characterized by low mass and low thermal conductivity. Their disadvantages are flammability and tendency to rot. The latter feature necessitates regular replacement of such thermal insulation.

The most popular natural materials for thermal insulation are sawdust and shavings. They are laid in the attic using a simple method. It requires a preliminary calculation of the thickness of the protective layer, which depends on the climatic winter conditions observed in the area where the house is located.

The described insulation materials can be easily installed with your own hands on wood ceilings from the attic side. The work flow is simple:

The ceiling is coated with clay diluted in water. The applied layer is made of small thickness. Then the coating will not crack after drying.
A little sand is poured on top, which is evenly distributed over the treated base.
A layer is made from a composition that includes slaked lime and urea (proportions 1 to 1). It eliminates the risk of damage thermal insulation material rodents.
Sawdust is poured in. It is advisable to cover them with waste slag, which reduces the risk of fire.

If the under-roof space is planned to be used for any work, boards are laid on top of the thermal insulation cake. They will allow you to move comfortably around the attic.

There is a second method of insulation using shavings or sawdust. The ceiling surface is covered with a waterproof film. Natural material mixed with cement and water in a ratio of 10:2:1.5. The resulting composition is laid out on the floor (layer height – 20–25 cm).

The created insulation will take 3–4 months to dry. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out such work in the spring.

Reliable floor protection is another inexpensive way

In demand building material is clay. In its pure form, using it to insulate the ceiling is problematic (it is necessary to construct a layer 0.7–0.8 m thick). But when sawdust is added to it, a fairly effective heat-insulating composition is obtained. The mixture is prepared as follows:

Plain water is poured into an old, capacious barrel.
Pour 4-5 full buckets of clay into the container.
Mix the components thoroughly.
Part of the composition is poured into a concrete mixer, sawdust is added to it and the unit is turned on.

Mixing is carried out until a solution of medium consistency is obtained. They pour the ceiling (between the beams), on which it is previously laid waterproofing film.

When the solution dries completely, cracks may form on it. They must be covered with thick clay.

The most popular insulation - types and features

Mineral wool is considered the most popular material for protecting floors from frost in houses with cold roofs. It is mounted on the side of the room or in the attic, and is made from various raw materials:

molten glass and sand;
metallurgical slags;
rocks.

Glass wool having a water absorption rate of 0.6–0.8 kg/sq. m., available in the form of mats and rolls. Their installation is carried out strictly from the attic side.

It is not recommended to use slag for insulating residential buildings. Its environmental friendliness leaves much to be desired. When wet, it releases acidic compounds that destroy structural elements Houses.

Basalt material is optimal for thermal insulation of ceilings outside and inside. This mineral wool has high plasticity and minimal fragility. It is manufactured in the form of plates and rolls.

Many manufacturers offer basalt products with an additional foil layer. It reflects heat into living room, which enhances the thermal insulation capabilities of the material.

Important nuance! Any type of mineral wool contains phenol-formaldehyde compounds (playing the role of a binding element), which are potentially unsafe for human health. This is the biggest disadvantage of the described heat insulators.

The procedure for installing mineral wool from the attic side

Insulation is carried out using roll or slab products. The former are best used when the floors in the house are wooden, the latter - if the ceilings are concrete.

Laying rolled mineral wool is an elementary process. The work flow diagram is given below:

The space between the beams is covered with a vapor barrier film. It is mounted overlapped with an overlap (15–25 cm) on vertical surfaces. The joints are sealed with tape.
A layer of mineral wool is laid on top (its thickness is calculated in advance). The cut pieces should fit tightly into the spaces between the beams.
The insulation is covered with a waterproofing membrane.
A boardwalk is being constructed.

Before using mineral wool, concrete floors are carefully leveled and covered with a moisture-proof film. The slabs are installed on top of it. The latter are laid staggered. The finished structure is covered with boards or plywood sheets.

Eco-friendly insulation - what and how is it done?

Expanded clay is made from natural clay, which makes it an absolutely clean and safe material for thermal insulation of ceilings. It also has a lot of other advantages:

non-flammability and increased heat resistance;
hypoallergenic;
chemical inertness;
long service life without loss of initial properties.

Based on the size of the granules, expanded clay is divided into three types. Small fractions of the material provide the densest layer of thermal insulation.

Only concrete ceilings can be insulated with expanded clay. Wooden bases cannot withstand its heavy weight. Layout of material from the side attic space next:

The ceiling is cleaned and covered with a vapor barrier film. The latter is mounted with an overlap of 40–50 cm on vertical surfaces and overlapping individual pieces on each other. The joints between the parts of the membrane are fixed with masking tape.
Knead natural clay in a suitable container. Distribute it in an even layer over the film.
Cover the prepared base with expanded clay (the height depends on winter temperatures in the region and is 15–50 cm).
Prepare a thick solution from 3 parts sand and 1 cement. Fill the insulated surface with a layer 5 cm thick.

The work is completed. There is no need to make flooring over expanded clay. Cement-sand screed turns out solid and reliable. It can easily withstand the weight of massive objects and structures, people, heating boiler.

Ecowool – laying technologies

Natural cellulose insulation is not widely used in the CIS, despite the fact that it is 100% environmentally friendly. This material has a number of advantages:

Light weight. Ecowool can be laid in a layer of any height without worrying that the ceiling will collapse under its weight.
There is no danger of mold formation and the development of microorganisms under the insulation.
The thermal insulation layer is characterized by complete tightness due to the absence of seams.
Non-flammability and ability of cellulose to self-extinguish in case of fire.
Long service life.

Ecowool is installed using dry or wet methods. The first involves scattering the insulation between the beams, its uniform distribution and compaction. There is no need to lay a waterproof film under cellulose material, since it is classified as a natural absorbent.

Wet technology is implemented using special equipment. It mixes the adhesive mass with cotton wool and sprays this composition under a certain pressure.

The heat insulator penetrates into all gaps, forming a solid protective layer containing air ions inside. The recommended insulation height is 25–50 cm. Complete hardening of the coating is observed after 10–14 days.

Plastic polymers are easy to install and affordable

Polystyrene foam and its variety - extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex, EPPS) have been used for insulating ceilings for a long time. The advantages of these materials:

low thermal conductivity;
low bioactivity;
large selection of thicknesses and geometric sizes;
reasonable cost;
minimal water absorption.

Polystyrene foam and EPS also have many disadvantages. Firstly, they are flammable. In the event of a fire, such products support the combustion process and actively release compounds that are unsuitable for breathing.

Secondly, the materials in question are destroyed by sunlight. Thirdly, they are characterized by low chemical resistance.

Expanded polystyrene boards do not allow air to pass through. Therefore, it is advisable to install them only on concrete floors. When installed on wooden structures, moisture will begin to accumulate under the insulation, which will lead to mold.

It is not difficult to correctly install penoplex and its analogues with your own hands. The work algorithm is as follows:

The ceiling base in the attic is leveled (the protrusions are knocked down, the recesses are filled with putty). If necessary (height differences of more than 2 cm), a cement screed is made.
A vapor barrier film is laid.
Insulation boards are laid. They are mounted staggered, moving each other as tightly as possible.
The products are fastened with dowels with a large head. They are buried 6–9 cm into the material. The top of the hardware must be recessed into the slabs by 1.5–2 mm.

The joints between the elements of the thermal coating are blown with polyurethane foam. After the latter has hardened, the insulation is filled with a cement-sand reinforced mixture.

Sprayable compositions - advantages and disadvantages

Liquid thermal insulator polyurethane foam (PPU) is supplied to the surfaces to be treated using special equipment. It can be applied in several layers, which makes it possible to insulate ceilings in houses located in cold climatic regions. Other advantages of the material:

penetrates into the smallest pores and crevices, hard-to-reach places;
non-flammability;
suitable for wooden and concrete floors;
invulnerability to microorganisms and rodents;
minimal water absorption (0.1–0.2% of volume) and thermal conductivity (0.027 W/mK);
absence of cold bridges;
excellent sound insulation;
resistance to temperature fluctuations.

When spraying polyurethane foam, there is no need to lay vapor and waterproof films. It guarantees a durable, seamless surface that you can walk on.

If you home handyman There is no special equipment that supplies polyurethane foam to the base under a given pressure, insulation becomes impossible. Another disadvantage of polyurethane foam is its complete vapor permeability. This feature of the material negatively affects the microclimate in the home.

Installation of thermal insulation on the room side - preparation of surfaces

On wooden floors Apply a primer with antiseptic properties and a fire retardant effect. Processing is carried out as carefully as possible. The brush needs to be deepened into the gaps between the ceiling elements, filling them with a protective composition.

The second stage of preparation is sealing cracks and small gaps in the ceiling. The operation is carried out with polyurethane foam or putty on wood. After hardening, excess mixtures used are removed with a sharp knife.

Concrete ceilings are treated a little differently. The event schedule is as follows:

Available decorative coating dismantled, peeling plaster is cleaned off.
Cracks in the foundation are expanding. Remove dirt and dust from them with a soft brush and prime them.
Small defects are filled with sealant or putty.

Adhesive Concrete Contact is applied to the prepared surface. It enhances the adhesion of the ceiling and the insulation used. The insulator is installed after the soil has completely dried.

If the insulating materials are planned to be sheathed with clapboard or plasterboard, it is necessary to construct a sheathing on the ceiling. The surface is marked using a level (regular, laser). Smooth straight lines are marked on it, serving as a guide for installing metal or wooden guides. The distance between the latter is equal to the width:

insulation plus 4 cm if mineral wool is used;
expanded polystyrene boards, ordinary polystyrene foam and other solid materials.

A frame structure made of wood is attached to the ceiling with self-tapping screws or dowels in increments of 50–60 cm, and made of metal with special hangers. After constructing the sheathing, they begin laying thermal insulation, which is then covered with a vapor barrier membrane.

The film is fixed with double-sided tape (on steel profiles), staples and a stapler (on wooden blocks). The created pie is covered with clapboard and plasterboard sheets. The joints between the latter are reinforced using serpyanka, and then they are puttied with gypsum compound. It is also used to mask holes from the heads of fasteners (screws).

If the insulation will not be finished off, it can be glued to the base ceiling using liquid nails, polyurethane foam or compositions based on cement based.The algorithm for performing the work is given below:

The selected adhesive is applied pointwise with a spatula or trowel to the back side of the insulating boards.
The product is pressed against the ceiling, wait 10–20 seconds.
The installed insulation is additionally secured with mushrooms and spacer plastic nails.

The gaps formed between the laid and fixed slabs are blown in with foam. Its excess is cut off with a knife. It is recommended to cover products made of foam plastic and EPS with serpyanka and treat them with plaster.