During production wooden structures It is imperative to clean their surfaces. Manual labor will take a long time and will not be productive. Factory grinding centers are expensive. Therefore, in some cases it is more advisable to make the machine yourself.
Drum machine design
Manufacturing should begin with studying the design features of this type of equipment. The drum type grinding machine is designed for processing wooden surfaces, their alignment and deburring.
The device belongs to a type of wood surface grinder that performs a calibration function. There are many models and types of equipment. But main task Before making a unit with your own hands, there is a choice optimal design. The best option is a detailed acquaintance with factory analogues and drawing up a manufacturing scheme based on the data obtained.
Structurally, the machine should consist of the following components:
- frame. The main parts of the equipment are attached to it;
- power unit. Most often, an asynchronous electric motor is installed for this purpose;
- grinding drum. It is important to choose the correct diameter and method for removing chips. With your own hands you can make a base on which the sanding tape is installed. Or order a cylindrical head with a cutting edge from a professional turner. It all depends on the type of work;
- device for changing the frequency of the motor shaft;
- Desktop. The workpiece will be placed on it. When making a machine with your own hands, experts recommend making this component from fiberglass;
Additionally, drum grinding equipment can be equipped with a mechanism for removing dust and chips from the processing area. It is also recommended to make a working table with a variable height relative to the snare drum. This will allow you to process part of the end of the wooden workpiece.
If grinding the outer or inner surface of the board is necessary, the drum should be positioned horizontally. At the same time, it is possible to adjust it in height.
Types of drum grinding machines
The next step is to select the design of the wood cutting machine. The main parameter is the shape of the wooden blank and the degree of its processing. Homemade drum-type equipment is designed to form even and smooth surfaces with a small area.
Factory production lines require dedicated processing centers. They have complex functionality and can perform several operations simultaneously. However, their main disadvantage is their high cost. Therefore, as home equipment it is inappropriate to consider them.
Exist following types machining centers:
- surface grinding. Processing is performed in one plane. Can be used as an example for self-production;
- cylindrical grinding. Designed for processing cylindrical surfaces. For this purpose, the package includes several nozzles with different diameters;
- planetary. With their help, a flat plane is formed on products with a large area.
To complete a small home workshop, surface grinding models are most often chosen. They are distinguished by their simple design, availability of components and relatively quick production.
In addition to leveling, drum sanders can be used to remove layers of paint or varnish. They are used for restoration old furniture or wooden parts DIY interior.
Making your own grinding machine
The most simple model The do-it-yourself machine is a drill that is mounted on a bed. Sanding cylinders are machined from wood and sandpaper with the required grain size is attached to their surface.
But this design has little functionality. For processing medium volumes, it is recommended to make woodworking equipment according to a different principle. First of all, you need to choose the right power unit. Most often, an electric motor with a power of up to 2 kW and a speed of up to 1500 rpm is used. These requirements are met by asynchronous models, which can be taken from old household appliances – washing machine or a vacuum cleaner.
Manufacturing procedure homemade machine.
- Frame. It should be quite stable. That's why it's made from sheet steel thickness from 1.5 mm or more. As an alternative, you can consider plexiglass with a thickness of 10 mm.
- The engine is installed so that the shaft is in a vertical plane.
- Drum for processing. If you plan to perform only grinding work, an abrasive belt is installed on it. For deeper processing, you will need to make a steel cone with a cutting edge.
- Desktop. It is located at the top of the diagram. It is recommended to make it adjustable relative to a fixed cylinder.
- Control block. DIY designs rarely provide the ability to adjust the engine speed. Therefore, the block will consist of buttons for turning the unit on and off.
Homemade machine
The large drum turns the machine into a kind of surface planer grinding device.
Homemade grinding machine for wood with sanding drum large diameter allows you to process workpieces thinner than 3 mm. This machine, compared to a wide-belt machine, does not require a labor-intensive belt guide mechanism to manufacture.
Sanding drum manufacturing procedure
The grinding drum of the machine is glued together from separately sawed and milled discs. The skin is attached and stretched with a special clamp. To change the thickness of the wood being removed, the machine's work table moves relative to the drum. The back of the workbench is hinged, while the front is supported by a threaded rod for adjustment. The workpiece is supported and guided by a feed table that slides along the work table. The feed table is moved manually, so there is no need for a special power-driven feed mechanism, and this greatly simplifies the design,
How to make the body of a wood sanding machine with your own hands
The body is assembled from nine main steels: two side and rear panels of the front strut and two pads, a dowel-spacer at the front rib and two reinforcement discs. All parts are cut to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1.
Since the work table should be strong enough and not bend when pressed against the drum, we made it from two glued and fastened with screws chipboard sheets. In addition, on the feed side, the work table was reinforced with a thick cross member made of hardwood, which at the same time creates a supporting surface for the adjusting pin.
A feed table runs along the work table, directly supporting and guiding the workpiece during calibration. It is made of 20 mm chipboard and is 38 mm narrower than the work table and of the same length. The table serves to support the workpiece after the passage of the drum. In order for the feed table to move along the work table without distortion, a groove 6 mm deep and 20 mm wide is selected in the middle of its lower side, and a 5 mm thick guide bar is attached to the work table.
Two slats at the ends of the falling table hold it on the surface of a long work table. To ensure smooth movement of the table, a thin veneer spacer is inserted between the slats and the work table, providing a small gap. To prevent the workpiece from slipping back during grinding, a limiter bar made of 5 mm hardwood is inserted into a 3 mm groove in the table (Fig. 1).
The desktop is attached to the rear panel of the case with two hinges. The crossbar on the workbench should align with the adjusting pin. The drum is made of chipboard. Its width is 460 mm, Ø400 mm, which provides a wide grinding area. The drum is assembled from 24 discs, roughly cut individually, and then glued and fastened with screws (Fig. 2). The drum is balanced after installing the sandpaper clamp.
To reduce the weight of the drum, most of all discs are cut into rings 50 mm wide. Two external drive and one in the middle - solid and holes drilled in them for a steel axle Ø20 mm. The drum is covered with dense rubber 1.5 mm thick. It serves as a backing for the skin and provides it with a better fit to the part.
Attaching the sandpaper for wood sanding
To make installation and removal of the skin easier, we have developed a simple spring-lever clamp.Fig. 3).
Installing the Drum Sander
The drum rotates on a Ø20 mm axis (an Ø16 mm axis can be used), supported by four bearings in cages bolted to the side panels of the machine. To make it easier to align the drum, the holes for them are drilled with a diameter slightly larger than the diameters of the bolts.
We chose a single-phase 1750 rpm motor as the drive. The motor base is attached directly to the rear panel, and the switch is attached to one of the covers on the front of the machine. A 2*75 mm pulley was put on the motor shaft, the driving and driven pulleys were inserted into the same plane and secured.
V. Laskin, D. Ren. Canada
Based on materials from CAM magazine
A wood sander is a highly efficient apparatus for processing material planes. Using such units, you can quickly and efficiently process wood, obtaining perfectly smooth surfaces.
Classification
A wood sander is used at the final stage of wood processing. During the work, special rough circles, tapes, and powdered pastes are used.
Currently, based on their purpose, the following units are distinguished:
- Automatic cylindrical grinding devices.
- Devices designed to process internal surfaces parts and blanks.
- Surface grinding machines.
- Specialized models that are used to implement narrowly focused tasks.
Areas of application
The areas in which a wood sander can be used are extremely varied. Latest achievements in the field of carpentry processing of parts, they make it possible to replace large turning units with more convenient to use mobile devices.
Such common solutions as drum and belt sanders for wood can be successfully used for:
- Rough abrading of workpiece surfaces.
- Precise processing of wood planes.
- Obtaining refined surfaces.
- Cleaning of timber and panel parts, their side and end edges.
- Intermediate sanding of paint and varnish coatings.
Thanks to its wide range of uses, a wood sanding machine is one of the most popular units among professional carpenters. Manufacturers are constantly improving popular models and offering consumers a whole host of additional tools to perform complex, specific tasks.
How to assemble a wood sanding machine with your own hands
We invite you to consider the features self-assembly drum device for processing the outer surface of wood. This will require several functional design elements. Some of them can be found in the household.
Engine
To assemble a wood sander, the easiest way is to remove the motor from an old washing machine. Fortunately, Soviet-made models gather dust idle in many closets. From here you can get belts, pulleys and electrical parts.
However, any motor with a power from 200 to 300 W is suitable for assembling the grinding unit. It is desirable that its design be compact in size.
If it is necessary to obtain maximum efficiency indicators, you will have to find an asynchronous motor capable of delivering 1500-3000 revolutions.
Drum
This structural element can be made using all kinds of leftovers building materials. Sometimes, to assemble a drum sanding machine for wood, it is enough to take a pipe covered with old linoleum, rubber rings glued together or cylindrical bars mounted on a metal axis. Let's look at the first of these options.
To make a drum, it is enough to use a piece of PVC pipe, a metal rod, a strong board, screws, glue and linoleum. Plugs are cut out of wood corresponding to the cross-section of the existing tube, in which holes are drilled for the rod. Such locking elements are inserted into the pipe and secured with screws.
A metal rod is passed through the plugs and seated on epoxy glue. A layer of dense linoleum is glued on top of the polyvinyl chloride pipe. As alternative option You can use rough rubber. This shell will act as the basis for securing the sandpaper. You can fix the latter on the finished drum using double sided tape or staples for a stapler.
Frame
To make the case where the homemade wood sanding machine will be placed, ordinary plywood is suitable. You can make a design of a rather unassuming structure. All you need to do is install the side panels, work table and additional reinforcement struts. If desired, you can make a metal shell.
Installation
The engine is securely mounted on a statically installed base. The rotating axis is threaded through a pre-prepared hole in the housing wall. The grinding drum is installed in the upper part and rests on bearings in cages that are fixed on the side walls of the structure.
Pulleys are attached to the axis of the drum and engine. The drive belt is being tensioned. Wiring and switches are connected. Clamping bolts are screwed into the sides of the housing, and adjustment bolts are screwed into the lower part.
To give the structure a complete and attractive look, you can treat the surfaces with paint. Naturally, it is necessary to undertake such work before assembling and installing the unit. To increase safety during operation of the device, the design can be supplemented with a protective casing placed above the drum.
Finally
Thus, we tried to consider the main classes of grinding machines, their areas of application, and also gave an example of self-assembly of a drum-type unit. Ultimately, the decision to purchase a factory device or assemble it from existing materials depends on the size of the budget, goals, available funds and the needs of each individual user.
All photos from the article
The wood surface has roughness and many other natural flaws that prevent high-quality application to it. paint and varnish materials. You can give wood an ideal smoothness using special grinding machines.
They will be discussed in this article.
Manual equipment
Plank floors, rafters and others wooden elements Your home needs protection from excessive moisture, fungal spores and insect pests. If the entire building is built of wood, then you can also add walls.
Special impregnations, varnishes and paints can sufficiently protect the wood used in construction, but its surface for this must have a sufficient level of adhesion, which can only be ensured by a smooth and even coating.
You can achieve this effect with your own hands using hand-held grinding equipment. It is noteworthy that this also applies to old structures, from which it is necessary to completely remove traces of previous layers. paint and varnish compositions before applying new ones.
For the sake of an example, let's look at the most common part of a house made of wood - the floor structure. What and how to sand a wooden floor made of planks and other wood structures?
Painting and sanding wooden houses guarantees them a long and high-quality service life
angle grinder
Popularly, this tool is simply called a “grinder” and is more often used for grinding and cutting metal. But installing special discs allows you to do an excellent job of removing the deformed layer from a wood surface. They are pieces of sandpaper securely fixed to a rigid base, and come in the following types:
The size of the discs may vary depending on the dimensions and the grinder itself. These can be diameters 115, 125, 150, 180 and 230 mm.
Advice: under no circumstances use discs intended for metal for woodworking. They have a completely different structure, and such actions not only will not give desired result, but can also lead to injury.
Advantages:
- Affordable price, especially when it comes to models that use small-diameter circles, the power of which is quite sufficient for working with wood.
- Ease of processing walls made of cylindrical timber.
Advice: when carrying out grinding work, be sure to use personal protection, since wood dust can harm your respiratory tract and mucous membranes.
But for leveling flat horizontal surfaces, the “grinder” is not very convenient due to the asymmetry of its structure.
Drill
Such a tool is very unusual for use in this area, but can still cope well with small volumes. For them, special rubber-based circles with a perpendicular pin are used that are fixed in the chuck. In this case, you cut out the sandpaper and attach it yourself.
Pros:
- Cheap and easy to use consumables.
- Wide use. You can find a drill in almost every home.
- Convenient treatment of hard-to-reach places.
It will be very problematic to sand large areas with this device.
Vibration grinder
- Drum machine. In this case abrasive material does not stretch between two pulleys, but is wound on one drum. The main difference of such equipment is the ability to remove the most precise layer of wood, which is very important when processing parts of various designs.
Drum-type wood sanding and calibration machine
Homemade machine
We should also consider the method of making a homemade wood sanding machine:
- Let's take it Electrical engine from an old washing machine. Recommended settings:
- We prepare a metal rod with a cross section of 2 cm, PVC pipe 10 cm in diameter, a board, screws, rubber and glue, after which we assemble the drum:
- We cut off a part from the pipe that will be slightly smaller in size than the selected rod.
- We cut out two plugs with a diameter of 10 cm from the board and drill 2 cm holes in them.
- We insert the plugs into the pipe, and the rod in them. We coat all joints with glue.
- We cover the top of the pipe with rubber, which will later serve as a convenient backing for the sanding tape.
- We knock down the body and desktop from a thick, strong board. Make sure that all connections are securely fixed and the entire structure is stable. To ensure the movement of the working part in relation to the drum, we fasten it using a piano hinge, and screw in a spacer screw on the supply side.
- We assemble all the elements into one whole, providing wiring and a switch.
Conclusion
Wood can be processed with both manual and stationary equipment. The first group includes tools that can be found in the workshop of any caring owner: drill, grinder, vibrating and belt. They are very good for polishing floors, walls and other large structures.
If you need to perform precise removal of wood from certain parts, then in this case you will need one of the machines discussed above. The video in this article will provide additional materials. Make your choice according to the situation.
bomu home handyman It’s nice to feel like you have everything when doing your favorite job the necessary tool. Branded items collected into a collection with his own hands, his wealth and his pride. He takes care of it, carefully selects it and dreams of replenishing it in the form of a gift or a homemade machine.
Jet DDS-225 - 2 grinding drum for coarse and fine grinding in one pass
Wood carving or homestead construction, cooperage creativity or making homemade musical instruments– for everything you need a quality tool. Including for its finishing. The drum grinding machine is the crown of the entire set of tool equipment.
After it there will simply be nothing to collect if it is from the Jet Plus family. A good workshop, created over many years of effort, is a real pride of its owner.
Machine design
The drum-type grinding machine belongs to the group of surface grinding equipment. It is designed for finishing all kinds of wooden and wood-containing materials with abrasive sandpaper of various grain sizes. The technological cutting process takes place at high speeds and with a large release of abrasive dust and dust from the cut part of the workpiece.
Application of powerful ventilation systems allows you to work on similar drum equipment in a relatively comfortable conditions. Structurally, such woodworking equipment is:
- portal or console type mechanisms;
- on console-type drum machines it is possible to produce parts with their rotation, which increases the processing width;
- the portal design of drum machines increases its rigidity, allowing you to work with maximum operating parameters without reducing accuracy;
- with single (Jet models 10-20 Plus) or double (Jet models DDS-237) sanding drums;
- stepless cutting depth adjustment;
- lower bed of stationary or mobile class (Jet series 10-20 Plus);
- drive table for feeding the workpiece;
- with adjustable or stationary feed speed;
- ventilation pipes for connecting suction cyclones to each processing unit;
- working engine from 1.3 kW (Jet series 10-20 Plus) to 11 kW (Jet series DDS-237);
Grinding process wooden materials consists in the implementation of the following technological methods:
- selection of sanding belt of appropriate grain size in accordance with the required finish;
- for maximum removal or peeling – 36 units;
- For standard process– 80 units;
- finishing or final processing – up to 220 units;
- winding the selected sanding tape onto the cutting shaft;
- it is possible to wind tape of various grain sizes on equipment with paired cutting drums;
- setting the dimensions of the workpiece (from 0.8 to 75 mm for 10-20 Plus) and the amount of removal per pass;
- selection of the required feed speed of the table with the workpiece (from 0 to 3 m/min), as in the 10-20 series;
The use of abrasive paper of various grain sizes on paired shafts makes it possible to obtain best performance quality in one pass. Especially when processing wood with your own hands.
Work principles
The drum grinding machine is quite simple as when performing technological operations, and in its maintenance. The operating procedure is as follows:
- set the necessary cutting parameters;
- with your own hands, thread the emery cloth onto the cutting drums equipped with its tensioners;
- calibrate the cutting part;
- such an operation is necessary for accurate alignment of the working drum relative to the feed table;
- This process is carried out using 2 calibrated wooden blocks located along the width of the feed table under different sides of the drum;
- Having achieved symmetrical contact between the main shaft of the 2 bars, proceed directly to the actual technological process manufacturing the part.
After several passes, in order to maintain performance and surface quality, it is very useful to carry out preventive cleaning of the abrasive belt yourself with a special pencil. All similar machines are equipped with this pencil, including models 10-20. It can also be purchased separately.
Homemade drum sander
This drum machine for wood has a specific, very practical purpose. It is not universal and its rather rare use in ordinary farms does not contribute to the growth of popularity. The relatively high cost, dimensions and difficulty in pre-setting make such equipment a poor stepchild among grinders, drills and vibrating machines.
Sometimes it makes sense to make a similar tabletop grinding machine with your own hands, using the lightweight Jet series of drum equipment as a basis. The design of such a homemade drum mechanism is not complicated:
- the frame and body of the main cutting part are made of multi-layer plywood or good wood thickness from 10 to 20 mm;
- The engine from an old washing machine, disassembled with your own hands, is also well suited for these purposes;
- the pulley remains in place;
- It will be quite difficult to make a snare drum; although it will be homemade, the functions will remain the same;
- The grinding drum of a homemade machine is made of plastic thick wall pipe suitable diameter (like Jet model 10-20 Plus);
- the main axis of the cutting unit is made from a calibrated metal rod (up to 20 mm);
- with their own hands they adjust wooden plugs to fit plastic pipe and central axis;
- homemade bearing unit you will have to order it from specialists;
- having assembled the drum assembly and fixing its parts together 10 fasteners, pasted over with a rubber sleeve;
- you can start assembling a homemade machine;
- the hand-made serving table, on the serving side, is mounted on piano hinges;
- an adjustable stop screw is installed on the output side of the grinding machine;
- installation of ballasts will be the final touch of this woodworking composition;
This is what a homemade, do-it-yourself wood grinding machine of the type discussed in the article will look like. Although, to be honest, it is still dangerous to deal with such homemade products.
