Nowadays, many companies providing funeral services offer, in addition to organizing funerals, the installation of monuments and tombstones. But, at the same time, not all of these funeral companies are engaged in self-production tombstones, monuments and accessories for them. As a rule, monuments are ordered from special workshops and sold independently. You can try to make a monument with your own hands from concrete. In this case, you can save a lot on price and do exactly what you like and want. Besides, this way you will be used as a tombstone.
So, to make a monument with your own hands from concrete, you will first need a form into which you will pour special solution. If we are talking about a simple, rectangular shape, then you can make the shape yourself. It is important to remember that the shape must have clear, even corners, the surface must be absolutely flat and free of cracks and other defects. Shape directly affects appearance future monument. If you need a monument with relief patterns or other designs, then you can easily buy this form. As a rule, they are sold in the same workshops that produce tombstones, monuments and their components.
When mixing the solution, if you are planning to make a monument with your own hands from concrete, it is very important to follow the entire technology of the process. This is what the strength and general view monument. The solution must contain plasticizers; they are the ones who make the overall solution stable and plastic. If you add poor quality plasticizers, the monument will not be resistant to external factors, will quickly begin to crumble and will not last long. For such a solution you need to take only cement high quality. In general, making a monument with your own hands from concrete is not difficult. At the same time, one should not forget about the reinforcement skeleton, so tombstone will be stronger and more resistant to external factors.
Making a monument with your own hands is much better and more economical. This way you will make exactly the monument that you need. You will make it high-quality and durable, from the materials that you choose yourself. You can easily purchase a form for a monument or make it yourself. Everything is in your hands here. The main rule is that there is no need to skimp on the quality of materials, because it depends on them how long such a monument will last and what its appearance will be.
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You can honor the memory of a loved one who has left this world by installing a beautiful monument on his grave. The production of such monuments is carried out by special ritual agencies and workshops.
Is it possible to make a monument yourself without resorting to the services of such companies?
This is possible, however, making monuments is a complex process that will require a lot of time, effort and expense. That is why, first of all, think - wouldn’t it be easier to buy a ready-made monument to order and not take risks?
If you decide that it’s still worth the risk, then in this article we will tell you how to make a monument for your grave yourself.
Why make a monument with your own hands?
There are only two reasons for this issue:
- there is not always enough finance to use the services of companies;
- relatives express a desire to make with their own hands a unique, original monument for a loved one, completely special, not like thousands of others in the cemetery.
Do-it-yourself monument manufacturing technology
This article presents a scheme for making one monument with an atypical design. Of course, you can always come up with your own original way making a monument, and using this diagram only as a basis.
First of all, you need to decide what size the monument will be. You should not make the monument too large, otherwise problems may arise during transportation and installation of the monument. Optimal size – stele about 1 m in height, 0.4-0.5 m wide.
The material for the monument is one that would have a smooth surface even without treatment (for example, glass). You can also use galvanized iron. This is where the savings lie.
To make inscriptions, you can use linoleum.
Is it possible to make a monument for a grave with your own hands?
At this stage, it is important to remember that all parts are attached in a mirror image, and this should be thought about already at the stage of making letters and numbers from linoleum. Regular superglue is suitable for attaching parts.
Then two holes are drilled on the bottom of the product, which will be needed when installing the monument.
The appearance of the finished product depends on what paint the monument is coated with.
Coating the monument with paint should be done at the end, when all the letters are cut out and secured, and holes for installation are drilled. Since the surface is polished, paint can even give the monument the appearance of natural stone- it all depends on the color. It is best to use water-soluble dye.
The front and back layers of the stele are formed from a cement solution, so at the painting stage you can also use ready-made colored cement or add a water-soluble dye to the solution itself.
To form the stele, a mixture of sand and cement in equal quantities is used. A layer of cement about 1 cm thick is formed on top of the letters. Then you need to leave the monument to harden for about 1 month. After hardening, letters and linoleum decor templates are pulled out of the finished pedestal. You can begin installation.
You can also install a monument with your own hands, without resorting to the additional services of craftsmen.
It is truly possible to make original, unique monuments with your own hands.
After all, be that as it may, the best gift to a loved one is the gift that contains a part of yourself. Therefore, even after the death of a loved one, it is possible to present him with an original last gift, made with your own hands, with your soul, in order to honor the memory of a loved one.
Read additional articles on the topic:
“How to install a monument yourself? Recommendations for care."
“What do you need to know if you decide to erect a monument?”
After reading this section, you will be able to make monuments even without a vibrating table, and with some experience you can do without a concrete mixer.
I. Mixing proportions
Typically the mixing proportions are 70-72 kg of solution:
- a) cement grade 500 - 22-24 kg (if in your region there is no cement grade higher than 400, then add another 20%, we get 28-29 kg M400)
- b) granite screening of fraction 0-5 mm (in common parlance - flour) -50-52 kg
- c) river sand, if the granite screenings are very dusty, then instead of 50-52 kg we leave 40-42 kg, and river sand-10 kg
- d) plasticizer (its amount depends on the amount of cement) about 250 g. If the plasticizer S-3 (SP-1) is produced in Russia (suppliers in Kiev are Maporit, Writer), then for 70-72 kg of solution there is about 3.5 liters (the plasticizer comes in dry form and is diluted 70 g per 1 liter warm water 6 hours before use.
How to make a monument for a grave with your own hands?
When diluted, it can be stored for years.
- water (as much as you think is needed). Please note: The more water you add, the longer the monument will dry and it will be extremely difficult to pull it out of the mold. In addition, the drying time is extended to 3-4 days. At the same time, a small amount of water leads to holes on the surface of the monument.
To avoid a large number of defects, it is best to work out the humidity and dryness of the batch on small products (for example, paving slabs).
II. The process of making a monument.
The role of the vibrating table in the manufacture of the product is as follows: it removes air bubbles on the surface and partially internal ones due to high-frequency vibration.
The plasticizer makes the solution plastic, so air bubbles when vibrating easily pass from the front surface upward.
There is an old folk method of making monuments without a vibrating table. The mold is placed on a car tire. If this is a mold for making a stella (the top of a monument), the average batch weight of which is 70-80 kg, then pour not all 70-80 kg, but 20-25 kg, after which, holding the mold by the handles, shake for 20-30 seconds. Then they put another 20-25 kg, shake again... and so on almost to the edge.
Don't forget to insert the fittings.
Stella. Reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm is used.
Flower garden. Wire rod diameter 6.5 mm is used
And at the end of the process, the back part needs to be smoothed with a trowel or roller.
II. The process of drying monuments. Drying chamber.
For good quality of manufactured monuments, a properly installed drying process is important.
You place the monument in a dryer, the temperature of which is not less than +15 degrees, after wrapping it in cellophane.
The product is left to dry for 18-24 hours. Make sure that the cellophane does not touch the mixture, otherwise the back will look like torn newspaper. After 18-24 hours, remove the cellophane and keep it at the same temperature for another 18-24 hours.
For drying, a drying chamber with a convector is used. The drying chamber consists of shelves, it is insulated with thick foam plastic. 40 mm on all sides except the front. Also, the camera needs to be covered on all sides with thick cellophane. A convector is attached to the inside of the drying chamber.
Such a drying chamber can also be made in brick garage. If it is -8 degrees outside, then in the garage it will be +4 degrees, and in the drying chamber from +18 to +28 degrees. The convector regulates any temperature in the drying chamber around the clock.
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Do-it-yourself concrete marble - composition, proportions, production
DIY concrete marble
Artificial marble is a very popular material today. It can be manufactured using various technologies and using different materials. Previously, the construction magazine already talked about how to make touchstone marble with your own hands.
In the same review, we will talk about the production of marble from concrete, which can be successfully used both for surface finishing and for the manufacture of various products, such as countertops.
DIY concrete marble
You should know that artificial marble can also be made from gypsum, as well as other building materials that are no less common today. However, concrete marble is the most popular due to the ease of its manufacture.
To make concrete marble with your own hands, you will need the following components:
- Cement not lower than M400-500;
- Plain water;
- Plasticizer C3 - pro various types plasticizers can be read by going to another article;
- Fine sand;
- Pigment additives;
- Gravel - will be used as filler;
Well, it goes without saying that to make marble from concrete you will need empty containers for mixing the solution, plastic film and molds.
Concrete marble manufacturing technology
So, when all of the above components are prepared, and the materials for making marble from concrete have been purchased, you can safely begin the work. Initially, you will need to take into account some preparatory issues regarding forms. The forms should be rinsed and dried.
You should know that a mold for concrete marble must be made taking into account the dimensions of a concrete countertop, for example, or any other product. The production of molds and stamps for decorative concrete has already been discussed in previous issues of the magazine.
Once the forms are prepared, you can begin mixing the solution. To do this, take 2 parts sand and 1 part cement, after which, while still in a dry state, these two components are thoroughly mixed with each other. Then the dry mixture is filled with filler, which, as mentioned above, is gravel.
However, as a filler to make concrete marble with your own hands, you can use not only gravel, but also natural marble chips or, for example, pebbles. In this case, the surface of artificial marble will be original and colorful in appearance.
Mixing the solution and pouring the molds
But at this point, making marble from concrete with your own hands is not finished yet. Now you need to add dye to the prepared mixture (about 1% of the total mass of the solution), and then thoroughly mix all the components again. Only after these above mentioned manipulations can you safely add plasticizer and water.
The amount of plasticizer, just like the dye, is used about 1% of the total mass of the prepared solution. Water is added gradually until the solution becomes highly plastic. For convenience, stirring concrete mixture, you should give preference to an electric drill or hammer drill, using a mixer attachment on them.
The solution for artificial marble is completely ready when it has a uniform color and uniform structure. After preparation, it can be poured into previously prepared forms. At the same time, do not forget about reinforcement if the dimensions of the future concrete marble product are large enough.
How to make marble from concrete with your own hands
Marble is a material that has been used for many centuries in the design of interiors and exteriors of houses. Moreover, not everyone can afford such finishing. Marble is a rather rare and expensive material. Its deposits are found high in the mountains, where it is extremely difficult to lift necessary equipment. Extraction, processing and delivery of this material significantly increase its cost. In addition, the extraction of marble entails the destruction of limited reserves.
Application latest technologies in the construction industry has significantly expanded the range of materials and made it possible to produce marble from concrete, and this can be done at home with your own hands without the use of expensive equipment.
Materials needed to make marble:
- cement M400 or M500,
- polyurethane mold,
- plasticizer S-3,
- water,
- fine sand,
- polyethylene,
- water-insoluble pigment
- filler (fine gravel),
- drill with mixer attachment,
Step-by-step instructions on how to make marble from concrete with your own hands:
- Step 1. Place cement, fine sand, gravel and pigment into a clean container. There is no need to achieve uniform coloring of the composition. The mixture must have an uneven color - one of the main conditions. Then the finished material will have spots and veins like natural marble.
- Step 2. Place the container on the vibrating table and remove excess air from the mixture. If you don't have a vibration table, just shake it well a few times.
- Step 3. Add water and plasticizer (pre-dilute the plasticizer in a small amount of warm water) approximately 80% of the total volume. Stir thoroughly until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Then add the remaining plasticizer and water. Stir the mixture using a drill and mixer.
- Step 4. Pour the resulting solution into previously prepared dried polyurethane molds and cover the molds with polyethylene. To increase the strength of artificial marble, reinforce it with wire - after the mixture is poured into molds, drown the wire in them. Wait until it hardens completely.
Concrete marble has found wide application in landscape design, exterior decoration, in the manufacture of balustrades, columns, sidewalks, framing fountains, vases, flower bowls, etc.
The undeniable advantages of concrete marble
- The main advantage of artificial marble is its availability to the mass consumer.
- Its low weight compared to natural materials makes it possible to cover walls and surfaces placed at an angle.
Marble made from concrete does not need additional processing. Depending on the requirements, the shape and thickness of the tiles are initially set. In addition, using this material you can recreate a relief surface without losing its impeccable smoothness. For example, the front part can be stylized as sea ripples, wood, or brick.
- The tiles are connected according to the puzzle principle, which creates all the conditions for good adhesion between the elements and ensures high reliability of the entire layer. In addition to numerous forms, artificial marble can have a variety of colors.
Ask a question to a specialist
How to make marble from concrete yourself. Step by step instructions
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From time immemorial, marble has been used to decorate the interior and exterior of any building, but not everyone uses this material, since it is expensive, and the deposits are located in the mountains, where it is difficult to deliver the necessary equipment for its extraction. And due to the fact that its processing increases the cost, and production is associated with the destruction of already limited deposits, people tried to produce this material. Today, concrete marble is widely used not only for exterior finishing, but it is used to frame fountains, make flower stands, columns, vases, sidewalks, and is also suitable for landscape design.
Marble concrete tiles
The method of manufacturing such a material from a simple concrete mixture allows using Portland cement and dry sand to create a high-quality and durable artificial stone, which has glossy surface. Using this technology, tiles are made using a frost-resistant mixture with low water absorption. For this technique, special forms are used that imitate the surface of stone paving stones.
The service life is quite long, since the strength of artificial marble slabs is comparable to products made from wild stone and granite paving stones. The assembly of such material is simple, since the shape has precise outlines and grooves, which make it possible to tightly lay and join the tiles.
Instructions (step by step)
Let's look at how to make it yourself, at home. In order to make it you need to have the following materials:
- cement and water;
- plasticizer and sand (preferably fine-grained);
- a form made of polyurethane or plastic;
- fine gravel and polyethylene;
- a pigment that does not dissolve in water (dye or oil paint);
- construction mixer or drill with a similar attachment.
In order to understand what the technology for making marble tiles from concrete is, consider a special guide offered by professionals:
- Pigment, gravel, sand (2 shares), cement (1 share) are placed in a washed container. In this case, there is no need to paint the composition evenly, otherwise ready mix will not have the same stains and veins as natural material. In order for marble to have an unusual pattern and color, pigments of several colors are added.
- The bowl is placed on a special vibrating table and air (excess) is removed from the mixture. If this tool is not available, then simply shake the bowl with the composition (several times).
- 80% of the plasticizer is diluted in a small amount of heated water.
- Mix everything and get a homogeneous mixture.
- The remainder of the plasticizer along with water is added to the composition. Using a drill with an attachment or a construction mixer, stir the mixture.
- To paint a uniform color, the pigment is introduced into either the prepared or dry mixture, and the components are mixed for 7 - 8 minutes.
- The resulting composition is placed into already dry forms. In order to increase the strength of marble, it is reinforced, for which they use wire, which is heated in an already poured mixture. The forms are covered with polyethylene. Wait until the composition has completely hardened.
- Start sanding. Each cube is taken out of the mold and started to be processed, and for these purposes it is better to use a special machine, although if you don’t have one, you can this work do it manually. It is necessary to take into account that during this operation there will be a lot of dust. Therefore, prepare a hose, connect it to the tap and, if necessary, turn on the water under high pressure.
Before making marble from concrete, calculate the required amount of water, which depends on the proportion of cement included in the composition.
Marble table made of concrete
First, determine the value of the coefficient, which indicates the amount of liquid required for hydration (the process by which the grains of the composition are enveloped in water).
This value is expressed by the formula:
Coefficient = Water/Cement
In order for the mixture to be mixed, the following indicators are used:
- if water and cement are taken in 1 share, then the coefficient is 0.2;
- when using 1 part liquid to 2 parts composition – 0.25;
- if there are 3 parts of cement and 1 part of water, then the coefficient is 0.3.
But at the same time take into account that the sand must be dry.
Let's look at a specific example.
- Using 15 kg of cement and 30 kg of dry sand, prepare a mixture.
- Calculate the required amount of water using the formula:
Water/cement = 0.25
From this it is concluded that to determine required quantity liquids needed:
Cement X 0.25 = Water;
Therefore, the amount of water is equal to:
15 X 0.25 = 3.75 kg, that is, 3.75 liters.
"Pros" of homemade marble
Among the advantages of this material, the fact that it can be made independently without special skills stands out, that is, it is accessible to a wide range of consumers.
Compared to natural marble, the artificial material is lightweight, which makes it possible to cover even an inclined surface. This material does not need to be further processed. The shape and thickness of the tiles are set initially; they depend on the needs of the owner. By using this material for cladding, you can achieve a relief surface, but its smoothness will not be affected. For example, the front side can be made to resemble wood, sea ripples, brick, etc.
The tiles are connected like puzzles, which provides reliable adhesion not only between individual elements, but also within one layer.
Self-made marble can have different colors, and there are seven staining methods:
- in mass;
- into powder;
- selection;
- not a process;
- broach;
- marbled;
- under granite
Conclusion
Laying marble tiles from concrete
When using such finishing, the interior of the house acquires uniqueness and sophistication, and the production of marble from concrete has entered the world stage as the most profitable business. But it is worth noting that it is very easy to make the required product yourself, without special effort and without making large financial investments.
How to make marble from concrete yourself
Recently, the technology of manufacturing concrete products with colored patterns imitating marble has become very popular. There is a completely logical explanation for this, because marble can add prestige and sophistication to the facades of buildings or decorate the inside of rooms. In addition, the advantages of this technology include the fact that you can make marble from concrete at home.
Artificial marble slab
General information
The technology for producing artificial marble from concrete is quite simple, thanks to which every home craftsman can make such a material. However, you still need to have some knowledge.
If the work is done correctly, the material will turn out to be so similar to marble that an ordinary passerby is unlikely to be able to guess it. that, for example, artificial stone was used for the fencing.
In addition, this material has a number of advantages:
- Environmental friendliness;
- Excellent physical and mechanical properties;
- The DIY concrete marble technology is waste-free, which is an important factor;
- Ease of restoration;
- The price is an order of magnitude cheaper than natural marble;
- Good moisture resistance;
- Possibility of obtaining any color and any shape of material.
Plasticizer for concrete
Artificial marble technology
Materials
Before we start making stone, we should prepare a certain set of materials:
- Sand;
- Cement grade M500;
- Pigment – high-quality oil paint is suitable for these purposes;
- A plasticizer is a special composition that, when added to concrete, significantly increases its characteristics.
In addition, you will need more forms into which the solution will be poured. For these purposes, it is best to use special polymer forms. If you can’t find them, you can use any other forms made of plastic.
Polymer forms different types and sizes
For example, if you want to make window sills from marbled concrete, then you should find suitable plastic trays.
As a last resort, you can complete the forms yourself by fastening together plastic panels.
It is also advisable to have a vibration table, which you can make yourself. If you will be engaged in the production of marble once, you can do without it by shaking the mixture by hand. Vibration will compact the solution and ultimately make a denser material.
Marbled polymer concrete
It must be said that polymer concrete can be produced using the same technology.
The only thing is that instead of cement in this case, thermosetting resins are used as a binder:
- Phenolic;
- Furanic;
- Epoxy, etc.
Pay attention! When producing polymer concrete, a larger amount of filler is added to the composition than to a regular concrete solution.
Marble making
After all the materials have been prepared, you can begin to work. The production of artificial marble and polymer concrete begins with the preparation of the solution.
The concrete solution is mixed in a standard proportion of 1:3. In this case, it is best to use calcium carbonate or other similar neutral fillers as a filler.
Stirring the solution
If polymer concrete is mixed, the solution should be made in a ratio of 1:4. Coarse-grained fillers are used as filler.
In particular, crushed in the form of gravel or coarse sand are suitable for these purposes:
- Limestone;
- Quartz;
- Sandstone;
- Dolomite.
Further instructions look like this:
- After the solution is ready, dye should be added. It must be said that there is no need to diligently stir the composition until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. To get the resemblance to marble, it is better to do it carelessly so that you get characteristic stains. You can experiment, for example, by adding a few drops of paint different colors. Generally, this stage can be called a creative process that allows you to feel like an artist and show your imagination.
- After the solution has been colored, shake the container or place it on a vibrating table. If you spend time making this device, then in the future it may be useful in making paving slabs, cinder block and other building materials.
- Next, pour the resulting solution into prepared and well-dried polyurethane molds and cover with plastic wrap. To increase the strength of the material, it should be reinforced with wire. To do this, after the mixture is poured into molds, you need to drown the wire into it.
Sanding the slab
- After the concrete mixture has completely hardened, the resulting products should be removed from the molds and the surface should be sanded. For these purposes you need to use a corner grinder and diamond disks-cups. After performing this operation, the surface will become smooth, resembling marble as much as possible.
This, perhaps, is the entire composition of the production of artificial marble from concrete. It must be said that there are other technologies for producing artificial stone. Moreover, some of them are even simpler and do not require finishing polishing.
However, at home, the considered method is the most accessible.
Pay attention!
DIY foundation for a monument in a cemetery
Since the resulting material will be quite strong, it can only be processed diamond tool, in particular, in addition to the above-mentioned grinding, effective method cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond wheels, as well as diamond drilling of holes in concrete.
In the photo - artificial marble in the bathroom
Options for using artificial marble
Most often, artificial marble is used to decorate outdoor fencing. However, such material can be an excellent alternative ceramic tiles, for example, in the bathroom. Additionally, “concrete marble” can be used as countertops in the kitchen.
He may also become great decoration for fireplaces that are not only a hearth home comfort, but also a sign of luxury. If the interior of the room is made in classic style, then the material can be used as a floor covering.
In any case, wherever you use marble, its use will be a sign of good taste and luxury!
Conclusion
Having figured out how to make marble from concrete, you can perform this operation without any experience or skills. You just need to follow the above sequence. The result of such work will be a luxurious and at the same time durable finishing material, obtained without special financial costs, which can be used for both external and internal work. (See also the article Mosaic concrete: how to make.)
From the video in this article you can get additional information on making artificial marble at home.
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Structural cultured marble products made from conventional concrete are no less attractive, durable and strong than their expensive counterparts made from natural marble.
Technology for the production of marble from concrete appeared in Russian Federation about 30 years ago and during this time it has improved and simplified so much that it has become possible to implement it at home.
Before you begin making a “marble-concrete” countertop, window sill or other product, you should prepare the following materials:
- Portland cement grade M400-M500 without additives: PC400D0 or PC500D0;
- Form for filling.
Making a foundation for a monument in a cemetery
Any will do plastic container suitable sizes;
- Plasticizer S-3 or Glenium No. 51;
- Water;
- Multi-fraction sand: fractions from 0.14 to 5 mm. Sand fineness module from 2 to 4 (Mkr = from 2 to 4);
- Polyethylene film;
- Pigments for concrete: red lead, soot, chromium oxide, titanium dioxide and others;
- Reinforcement: steel wire or mesh;
- A hammer drill or electric drill with a mixer attachment;
- A container of suitable volume for mixing concrete.
As you can see, from a non-standard material, for the production of marble from concrete, a pouring mold-matrix is required. In this case, you can purchase a ready-made form, or make it yourself.
So, to fill the window sill, a tray of the required size is made from scrap materials (waterproof plywood and boards), and to fill the tabletop, you can use plastic panels fastened together into a single whole.
Technology for the production of artificial marble from concrete
Carefully sift the sand through a fine mesh and remove all foreign impurities. In a clean container, mix sand and cement in proportions depending on the type of artificial marble product:
- Products for textured brick, foam block, cinder block or shell rock: 1 part cement to 1 part sand;
- Balusters, window sills, table tops, steps: 1 part cement to 2 parts sand;
- Paving slabs, curbs, plinth slabs and cladding panels: 1 part cement to 3 parts sand.
Next, a pigment or a mixture of pigments is added to the mixture in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight of cement, depending on the type of pigment. For example: red lead and ocher - 5% by weight of cement, chromium oxide - 3-5%, soot - 3%, titanium oxide - 2-4% by weight of cement, etc. The resulting composition is thoroughly mixed for 1-2 minutes, after which plasticizer C3 is added in an amount of 1-2% by weight of cement or Glenium No. 51 in an amount of 1-1.5% by weight of cement. Everything is thoroughly mixed for 7-10 minutes.
The mixture is ready to add water, which is added at a ratio of 1:2 in relation to the dry component. In this case, 80% of the water is first poured in, mixed, left for several minutes, after which the remaining 20% is added and mixed thoroughly again.
Liquid “Concrete Marble” is ready to be poured into molds. Volumetric products such as countertops, steps, curbs and slabs are reinforced with steel wire or a special steel mesh to give strength.
After pouring, the mold is covered with plastic film until the product completely sets. After hardening (7-14 days), the finished products are removed from the molds and polished to a mirror shine using special equipment or an angle grinder (grinder) equipped with special diamond discs.
As you know, there are a lot of options for monuments on the market. For this, a variety of materials are used, from very simple and common to rare and even outlandish. And if granite is without special equipment and it is almost impossible to master the skills of a stone cutter, then almost any person can make monuments from concrete, the main thing is to know the features of the technology and carry out all of them, since strength and durability are very, very important.
In the photo: the forms for making concrete monuments are varied, it is important to choose the option that suits you best
Features of the preparatory stage
At this stage, you should prepare everything you will need for work.
Let's consider what should be on hand so as not to be distracted during the manufacturing process:
- First you need to find forms for concrete - for monuments they are best suited modern options made of plastic. Its smooth surface will provide excellent appearance without polishing. You can purchase only a mold for the slab, and make the base yourself, or cast it in a special design, it all depends on personal preferences and capabilities.
There are many different forms on the market for making monuments with your own hands.
- To increase the strength and durability of the structure, reinforcing elements are also needed, which are most often used reinforcement 10-12 millimeters thick or a metal circle. The size of the elements depends on the configuration and mass of the monument and is calculated individually in each individual case.
- High-quality cement is also needed; it is best to purchase the M500 brand without additives (the bag should be marked D0). The strength of the resulting product directly depends on cement, so you should never skimp on it.
The presence of GOST standards on the packaging is an additional evidence of product quality
- You can use marble chips as a filler, then you need to purchase this material in the required quantity. It is worth considering that the price of high-quality crumbs is quite high, so many people use a variant with a special dye for concrete; it is added either to the entire solution or to the part of it that will be used for the outer layer.
- Another important component is a plasticizer, with its help the mixture becomes plastic and air is removed from it much better, which is especially important if you do not have a vibrating table and compaction will be carried out manually.
The plasticizer allows air to freely escape from the solution
Important! Don’t forget that the purer the sand, the stronger the artificial stone. It is best to rinse it, this is very simple: pour it into a container, add water and stir, the sand will settle. And particles of clay and other impurities will remain on top, the dirty water is drained, and the procedure is repeated 2-3 more times.
Workflow stages
As you know, concrete grave monuments are subject to many unfavorable factors, so the technological process must be followed very scrupulously. Let's consider its main features (read also the article “Caring for concrete - how to make the material as durable as possible”).
Preparation of the solution
The mixture is prepared as follows:
- If the work will be carried out manually, then a large, convenient container is needed, but it is better to use a concrete mixer, this way you can ensure a higher quality of the mixture.
A concrete mixer makes the job much easier
- First, sand and cement should be mixed, most often the ratio of components is 1:1 for the front layer, after which the plasticizer and dye are diluted in water, so the additives are guaranteed to be distributed throughout the entire volume of the solution, so much water is added so that the composition has the consistency of thick sour cream.
- For the interior, the solution is prepared in a 1:3 ratio of cement to sand; in addition, you will need well-washed crushed stone, the amount of which is determined experimentally during the preparation of the mixture.
Advice! The amount of solution depends on the dimensions of the product; it is worth remembering that the thickness of the top layer should be at least 1 centimeter, the rest is internal filler with crushed stone.
Shaping the product
This process can be divided into several stages:
Stage 1 The form for concrete monuments is processed so that the solution does not stick to it and the surface is perfectly smooth. It is best to use a special composition for this or silicone grease, which is sold in auto stores. The instructions on the package will tell you how to use the composition. Stage 2 Apply the first layer 1-2 centimeters thick, and you need to carefully compact the solution so that it fills all fragments of the form. The appearance of the monument depends on this, so the work should be carried out very carefully. 3rd stage Several reinforcement rods are placed on the first layer to reinforce the structure, and one should not forget that the lower ends must protrude for further fastening; it is better to do this right away, since both diamond drilling of holes in concrete and cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond circles - labor-intensive activities, and it is better to avoid them. Stage 4 After compacting the concrete, a few more reinforcement bars are laid, and the outer layer is laid, which should be carefully leveled with a trowel. It will most likely have to be sanded, so the better the alignment is done, the less work will be in the future. Final stage And finally, the completed form must be left in a dry room at a temperature of 15-20 degrees, the product can be removed after two days and left for 4 weeks, constantly moistening the surface for maximum strength gain.
Silicone grease is convenient to use - it is sold in spray form
Concrete monuments made in this way will serve for decades, on par with their artificial marble counterparts.
Conclusion
Making a reliable monument is not so easy, but with some effort you can achieve good result. The video in this article will tell you some more features of this type of work (see also the article “Concrete base: practical recommendations and advice").
The topic of the funeral business is scary and strange for many people. However, it is worth keeping in mind that this activity is one of the most profitable. People are born into the world and, having gone through their life path, die. That's why funeral services will be in demand at all times. They are not affected by economic fluctuations, inflation, or any other factors.
Marketing Research
Unlike an organization that provides funeral services, a company that produces monuments may not be involved in burials. The list of her work will only include the manufacture of tombstones and their installation.
Before organizing a business in monuments, you need to research the market in your region and determine the demand for this service. It is worth remembering that this type of product is very specific. The presence of great competition in the form of a couple of large manufacturers dooms an entrepreneur who has just decided to enter this market to failure.
Preparation of documents
In order to open a business you will need:
Register a legal entity;
Organize points where orders will be accepted;
Open a production workshop;
Conclude agreements with material suppliers;
Master the technological cycles for making monuments;
Learn the rules for installing tombstones.
Organization of order collection points
In order for a client to contact you, you need to rent a room. This will be your point for receiving orders for the production of monuments. When choosing a room, give preference to one that is located in a busy place. Additionally, you can accept orders at any existing cemetery, where it is advisable to open a pavilion for storing finished products.
The points must be equipped with all necessary equipment. For normal work you will need not only office furniture, but also office equipment, a computer, documentation (work orders and receipts). At the reception points, the client should have the opportunity to familiarize himself with catalogs containing photographs of all manufactured types of monuments.
Opening of a production workshop
If you decide to create your own own business, the production of monuments in which will be the main direction, then you will need to organize a workshop. The premises can be rented at any plant. As an option, boxing in a garage cooperative may be considered. Depending on the volume of products produced, the area of the premises should range from seventy to two hundred square meters.
Equipment
The production of monuments is carried out only after the purchase of certain equipment and forms. Basic required element technological process– vibrating table. Its main purpose is to compact the mixtures being produced.
The production of concrete monuments is based on simple technology. First of all, the shape for the future workpiece is selected. Liquid concrete is poured into it. The vibrating table, on which the form for the monument is pre-fixed, produces oscillatory movements. The result of this process is cracking and compaction of the concrete mixture. This technology makes the monument durable and more resistant to atmospheric conditions.
The vibrating table is the main production unit, which cannot be replaced by manual processing of the material. All other equipment is intended only for mechanization of labor processes. At the same time, it optimizes the number of employees.
Equipment for making monuments must include a vibrating sieve. This element is next on the list of the most significant aggregates. The sieve is designed for sifting dry cement. As a result of this process, lumps and foreign impurities are removed, which significantly reduce the quality of the product and its appearance.
If the cement is poorly sifted, during the concreting process the product may crack or become brittle, which will increase the surface's susceptibility to erosion.
The vibrating sieve can be replaced by manual sifting. However, it is worth remembering that the unit will significantly speed up the process of cleaning the material and will allow you to eliminate one employee from the staff.
Equipment for the production of monuments includes a concrete mixer. This machine is familiar to everyone who has at least once encountered construction work.
The production of monuments begins with the preparation of the concrete mixture. This is an important technological stage in the product manufacturing process. Manual mixing cannot provide the consistency of the concrete mixture that is necessary to produce a quality product.
The last component of the workshop equipment for making monuments are the molds. They are special matrices for pouring concrete. There can be many forms, because the client needs to be offered various configurations and designs of gravestone elements.
It is advisable to place it in the workshop lifting devices. They can be a hydraulic trolley, hoist, etc.
DIY equipment
How to make a vibration table yourself? First of all, you need an electric motor. A unit operating on a voltage of two hundred and twenty volts is sufficient. This electric motor must have sufficient power to fulfill its intended role as a vibrator.
The second most important detail is a perfectly smooth sheet of metal. Its surface must be without the slightest flaw, otherwise the movement of the forms on the table will not vibrate, but jump. In this case, the solution will not be able to be distributed evenly. Some try to fit a sheet of plywood under the surface of the vibrating table. However, this material, due to its lightness, is not able to transmit vibrating movements to the form.
When making a table it is impossible to do without springs. These parts must be made of metal, have sufficient strength and the required diameter.
After making the frame from pipes and channels, prepared springs are placed in its corners. A metal sheet is attached to the top, to the bottom of which an electric motor is screwed.
Metal monuments
Tombstone elements can be made not only from concrete. The production of monuments from galvanized steel and metal is very cheap and unpretentious in terms of investment of material and labor costs. However, it is worth keeping in mind that the production of these products should not serve as the only and main source of income due to its unprofitability. As a rule, metal monuments are produced as a by-product of an enterprise whose main activity is professional welding.
Tombstone elements made of facing rocks
The materials for such products are slabs of marble and granite. During the production process, they must undergo processing in the form of grinding. To do this, you will need to purchase special machines equipped with diamond discs. Granite or marble is processed at least six times.
In this case, discs of varying degrees of roughness are used. First, rough surface treatment is carried out, and then the transition to finer grinding is carried out. As a result, the stone becomes matte and smooth.
At the next stage, the natural material is polished to perfect smoothness. Disc machines are also used to carry out this process. A special paste or powder is applied to the stone. After this, it is polished with discs covered with leather, cloth or felt. The result is a shiny, glossy surface.
Decoration
The last step in the process of making a monument is applying images to it. The artistic design of granite products is a carving of a portrait, surname, first name, patronymic, dates of life, etc. It is performed directly on granite.
Currently, the decoration of monuments is carried out using a computer. So, the photo is initially processed. After this, a font is selected that must match the design of the monument.
Computer graphics allow you to get more expressive and clear portraits, as well as inscriptions that will be saved long time. Process decoration monument consists of transferring a portrait of a person from a photograph to a tombstone. It is worth keeping in mind that it differs from hand-punching in higher quality and accuracy.
Today the market offers many products. Including monuments that are installed on the graves of the deceased. Of course, at all times, marble or granite slabs and tombstones have been especially popular and valuable. But, as you know, such products are far from cheap. Concrete products have become an excellent alternative to expensive marble and granite monuments. They cost an order of magnitude cheaper and look quite presentable. And if you really want to, you can make a concrete monument with your own hands.
Advantages of concrete monuments
There are many advantages to monuments made of concrete. The most significant of them is, of course, the affordable cost. In addition, concrete products do not require any special care. They are easy to make and there are no difficulties in installation. The concrete monument will remain on the grave for decades.
Preparing for work
So, in order to make a monument or tombstone with your own hands, you should first make sure that you have everything you need at hand - tools, materials. It is also important to know the basic proportions for mixing concrete. Special attention It is worth paying attention to the containers in which the monument will be cast.
Tools
The key point of the technical line is the vibrating table for moldings. Necessary to evenly compact the solution. It is on this table that during the production process containers will be installed into which the liquid source will be poured. Next, the tabletop will make movements, they will help compact the containers. As a result, the products are strong, high quality, and durable.
! The table is irreplaceable manual labor machine tool. Therefore, you will need to purchase it for production in any case. You will have to spend from 50,000 rubles.
One of necessary tools is a vibrating sieve. Production cannot be done without a vibrating sieve. It is needed in case the purchased cement turns out to be of poor quality (sometimes it may contain foreign objects, pieces, pieces of paper, and so on). Under no circumstances should such impurities be allowed to enter the solution. Therefore, the cement should be sifted before mixing. Otherwise, the finished product may be unsuitable for use and will be written off as defective. By the way, you can replace the vibrating sieve manual device, but be prepared for the fact that sifting in this case will take much longer, which means it is not economically viable. The price of a vibrating sieve is from 10,000 rubles.
Concrete mixer or mixer. Also a necessary thing. Of course, you can knead the solution yourself, with your hands. But there is no guarantee that the solution will be homogeneous. A concrete mixer will allow you to prepare cement efficiently and, most importantly, quickly. Pay attention to the power of the unit, choose 130-165 hp. The price ranges from 11-16,000 rubles.
Concrete molds
When making concrete monuments, you can’t do without molds. If you are planning to make a simple monument, without intricate lines, an ordinary rectangular mold will do, which is quite possible to make yourself. The most important condition is that the container must have clear, even corners, the surface must be absolutely flat, there must be no chips, cracks, or other defects on it, otherwise all this will be reflected in the monument.
If desired, you can make patterned monuments. Containers for their production are sold in specialized stores or workshops that sell components for the production of monuments.
In the mass production of monuments of template forms there must be at least 10 (and this is only for initial stage production) – the client should always have a choice. The uniform costs approximately 10-20,000 rubles. The materials from which the containers are made are polystyrene, PVC, ABS, fiberglass.
The thickness of the container walls should not be more than 3 mm. The forms are lightweight and easy to transport, stack and store. Fiberglass molds are especially popular - they can be easily restored if damage suddenly occurs: scratches and cuts can be smoothed out with sandpaper. In addition, such containers require additional formwork and hold their shape perfectly.
Reinforcing elements
It is also impossible to do without reinforcing elements in the process of creating monuments. They are necessary to give strength to the product and durability of the final structure. As a rule, reinforcement is used whose thickness is at least 10-12 mm. A metal circle will also work. The dimensions of such elements directly depend on how much the monument weighs and on its configuration, therefore they are calculated individually for each specific case.
Cement
To produce monuments you will need cement, and of very high quality. It is best to use M500 grade concrete without additives (please note that the bag is marked D0). Don’t forget that cement will determine how durable and high-quality your product will be.
Marble chips can be used as filler. You can use fillers, for example, suitable marble chips. However, it is not cheap. Therefore, many manufacturers prefer concrete dyes: they are added to the solution completely or to a part of it that will be used for exterior finishing.
It is a significant component; its presence in concrete makes the mixture more plastic, and it is easier to remove air masses from it, which is very important, especially if you do not have a vibrating table and compaction is done manually.
IMPORTANT! Choose only for the mixture, with it the material will be much stronger. Before adding sand, be sure to rinse it: pour it into a container, fill it with water, and stir. The sand will settle to the bottom. And all the garbage and impurities will float up. After that all that remains is to drain dirty water. The procedure is repeated two to three times.
In the Russian tradition Orthodox Church a person is buried in the ground. In this case, a monument is erected at the burial site. The grave thus becomes a place where one can come and honor the memory of the deceased. The most common monuments are made of granite and marble. However, it is worth understanding that such stones are valuable. Looters often steal marble tombstones for the purpose of resale. In the vast majority of cases, we are talking about drug addicts who use any means to obtain the coveted dose of the drug.
The funeral service of St. Petersburg will allow a person to be buried in accordance with all the rules. A full range of services is provided - from purchasing a coffin to renting a hearse. Returning to the arrangement of the grave, it can be noted that it is not always appropriate to make a monument from natural stone. Modern building materials make it possible to create a tombstone that, in terms of its visual characteristics, will be no worse than natural granite or marble.
You must first purchase a specialized form. You can make a purchase online. However, if you have a vacuum crimping machine, you can quite easily make the mold from a sheet of ABS plastic yourself.
Solution preparation is standard. The subsequent process looks like this:
- the form itself is coated with a spray, which ensures quick and accurate removal of the form after the concrete has hardened;
- it is necessary to take into account the space for installing a sign with the name and dates of life/death;
- A vibrating table is required.
A vibrating table is necessary so that after pouring the liquid solution, air bubbles can be completely removed from it. After all, voids in concrete will subsequently become vulnerable spots (potential cracks).
As far as one can see, the cost of the monument turns out to be quite affordable for almost everyone. Thanks to the shape, the surface of the monument is absolutely smooth and without chips.
As a result of special painting, the tombstone is almost visually indistinguishable from its granite and marble counterparts.
It all depends on the shape and amount of mortar used to create the headstone. For example, if we are talking about a unique frame, then it can be produced without first introducing a reinforcing frame.
You need to understand in advance what concrete will require additional protection from moisture. If painting is intended, you can do without moisture-repellent mastic. It should cover at least that part of the tombstone that will be immersed in the ground.
The video shows the result of producing a tombstone from ordinary concrete:
